Artículos de revistas: "Co-ordinated Medical Research Fellowships"

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Clark, Amelia M. y Brian J. Altman. "Circadian control of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment." Journal of Immunology 208, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2022): 165.06. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.165.06.

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Abstract Introduction All leukocytes tested to date have functional circadian clocks, and nearly every arm of the immune response is subject to circadian regulation. Circadian clocks instruct the time-of-day-dependent, rhythmic expression of genes in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. In macrophages (mΦs), the circadian clock regulates several factors that are critical to executing effective immune responses. Tumor-associated mΦs are major contributors to immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Evidence suggests that metabolically stressful factors in the TME such as acidic pH and nutrient limitation promote mΦ-mediated immune suppression, and recent data point to dysregulation of the circadian clock downstream of metabolic stress. Methods We study the effect of TME-associated metabolic stress on the circadian clock of mΦs in vitro by culturing bone marrow-derived mΦs in conditions mimicking acidic pH and nutrient limitations that have been observed in the TME. To study the impact of mΦ-intrinsic circadian rhythms on tumorigenesis in vivo, we use mice genetically engineered to have a myeloid cell-specific disruption of the circadian clock via deletion of the key clock protein BMAL1. Results Oscillation of core clock proteins is altered in mΦs subjected to TME-associated metabolic stress. Additionally, we observe increased tumor growth in mice co-injected with mΦs whose circadian clocks were disrupted compared to mice co-injected with mΦs whose circadian clocks were functional. Conclusion Our data suggests that stressful conditions associated with the TME can alter the mΦ circadian clock, and that a functional circadian clock in mΦs can suppress tumor growth in a syngeneic murine tumor model of pancreatic cancer. This research has been supported by the following fellowships and grants: 2021-Current: Wilmot Predoctoral Cancer Research Fellowship, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 2020-2021: NIH T32 Training Grant in Cellular, Biochemical & Molecular Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY

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Murphy, Martina Cathryn, Naomi D. Parker, Tithi B. Amin, Susan Eggly, Daphne R. Friedman, Maria Sae-Hau, Andrea Phillips Sitlinger et al. "Educating hematology-oncology fellows about how to communicate with patients about cancer clinical trials: A needs assessment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n.º 16_suppl (1 de junio de 2024): 9029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.9029.

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9029 Background: Cancer clinical trials (CCTs) are vital to advancing treatment yet only 5-8% of people with cancer ever participate, with even lower rates among underserved groups. Teaching oncologists in training how to communicate about CCTs may improve the frequency and quality of patient-oncologist communication about CCTs and increase participation. However, little is known about interest in or feasibility of such training during Hematology-Oncology (Hem-Onc) graduate medical education (GME) fellowships. We aimed to determine Hem-Onc fellowship programs’: 1) current practices, needs, and preferences for CCT-related communication training; and 2) the acceptability and feasibility of implementing a CCT communication skills workshop. Methods: We recruited and surveyed program directors (PDs) from Hem-Onc fellowship programs across the U.S. PDs were recruited via email through the ASCO program directors’ community, a publicly accessible list of ACGME Hematology-Oncology programs, and co-authors’ professional networks. Participants were compensated with a $50 gift card. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and responses were measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = “strongly disagree” to 5 = “strongly agree”). Results: 40 PDs were surveyed, most representing programs in the Northeast (30%), Midwest (25.6%), Southeast (20.5), and Southwest (15.4%) U.S. Most were male (57%) and identified as White (55%), Asian (30%), Black/African American (2.5%) and Native American/Alaskan Native (2.5%). PDs stated their institutions prioritize CCT accrual (M=4.58, SD=.78) and clinical research training (M=4.20, SD=.85). They reported their GME CCT curriculum least often addressed: (1) How to talk to patients about CCTs when none are available (27.5%), and (2) How to help patients find CCTs at other institutions (17.5%). PDs rated their fellows’ CCT knowledge as lowest in: (1) Provider-level barriers to enrolling/referring patients in CCTs (M=3.41, SD=.91) and (2) System-level barriers to patient accrual to CCTs (M=3.33, SD=.95). Fellows’ lowest-rated CCT communication skills areas were: (1) Making shared decisions with patients about CCT participation (M=3.54, SD=1.14) and (2) Patient-centered communication (M=3.50, SD=1.15). PDs were interested in a CCT communication workshop (‘yes’=67.5%, ‘maybe’=32.5%) and said such training was feasible (M=4.28, SD=.78) and useful (M=4.47, SD=.78). Training preferences were live presentations (M=3.9, SD=1.03) and program-tailored virtual workshops (M=3.9, SD=1.08). Conclusions: Hem-Onc fellowship program leaders expressed a need for training that improves fellows’ CCT knowledge and patient-centered communication skills. By highlighting current practices, challenges, and preferences, this study is an important step towards implementing and scaling communication skills training in GME programs.

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Beieler, Alison M., Alison M. Beieler, Leah H. Yoke, Leah H. Yoke, Catherine Liu, Steven A. Pergam, Anna Wald, Anna Wald, Shireesha Dhanireddy y Shireesha Dhanireddy. "617. Physician Perspective: Utilization of Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) in the ID Workforce". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 de octubre de 2020): S369—S370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.811.

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Abstract Background Applicants entering Infectious Disease (ID) fellowships are declining and shortages of ID physicians is a challenge recognized by the clinical workforce and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). There is increased awareness of more Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) being used within ID to expand and extend existing practices. However, little is known about APP utilization, APP clinical scope of practice, specific roles, and opportunities for education. Methods To evaluate physician perspectives on APP utilization in ID, we created an anonymous and voluntary survey using the REDCap data tool that was distributed by social media, key stakeholder emails, and IDSA online community forum between 12/1/2019-1/31/2020. In addition to collecting geographic information and the type of ID practice, participants were also surveyed about the use of APPs and any perceived barriers that may limit their use. Results 218 practicing ID physicians responded to the survey (Figure 1). 155 (71%) physicians work with APPs in their current practice (Figure 2); specifically, 56 (27%) with 1 APP, 62 (30%) with 2-4 APPs, 28 (13%) with 5-9 APPs, and 11 (5%) with > 10 APPs. Of respondents, 104 (48%) practiced at University/Medical schools, 80 (37%) in hospitals/clinics, and 28 (13%) in private practice (Table 1); most work in adult inpatient/outpatient ID. The main reasons selected by respondents for not using APPs in their practice included concerns around a lack of formal ID training 22 (15%), lack of time/lack of ability to assist with APP training 29 (20%), practice is already sufficiently staffed 19 (13%), and concern for physician revenue loss 16 (11%) (Table 1). Figure 1. Physician Responses by Region, n = 218 Figure 2. Physicians Utilizing APPs in Practice, n = 210 (*no response, 8) Table 1. Physician ID Practice Type, Setting, and Concerns Conclusion Results suggest that while collaboration between ID physicians and APPs exists to meet current needs, a lack of ID training is a limiting factor. Our findings demonstrate there is an opportunity for formal ID education and resource development both to enhance APPs clinical skills and address perceived knowledge gaps. Inclusion of APPs in the ID workforce may allow physicians to expand ID care into more resource limited areas to continue to provide high quality patient care. Disclosures Steven A. Pergam, MD, MPH, Chimerix, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Global Life Technologies, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi-Aventis (Other Financial or Material Support, Participate in clinical trial sponsored by NIAID (U01-AI132004); vaccines for this trial are provided by Sanofi-Aventis)

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Toledo, Paloma, Shakir McLean, Lorent Duce, Cynthia A. Wong, Armin Schubert y Denham S. Ward. "Evaluation of the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship Program Participants’ Scholarly Activity and Career Choices". Anesthesiology 124, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2016): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001068.

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Abstract Background The Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship (MSARF) program is an 8-week program that pairs medical students with anesthesiologists performing anesthesia-related research. This study evaluated the proportion of students who published an article from their work, as well as the percentage of students who entered anesthesiology residency programs. Methods A list of previous MSARF participants (2005 to 2012), site, and project information was obtained. Searches for publications were performed using PubMed. The primary outcome was the publication rate for MSARF projects. The MSARF abstract-to-publication ratio was compared with the percentage of abstracts presented at biomedical meetings that resulted in publication as estimated by a Cochrane review (44%). For students who had graduated from medical school, match lists from the students’ medical schools were reviewed for specialty choice. Results Forty-two percent of the 346 MSARF projects were subsequently published. There was no difference between the MSARF abstract-to-publication ratio and the publication rate of articles from abstracts presented at scientific meetings (P = 0.57). Thirty percent (n = 105; 95% CI, 25 to 35%) of all the MSARF students were authors on a publication. Fifty-eight percent of the students for whom residency match data (n = 255) were available matched into anesthesiology residencies (95% CI, 52 to 64%). Conclusions The MSARF program resulted in many students being included as a co-author on a published article; the majority of these students entered anesthesiology residency programs. Future research should determine whether the program has a long-term impact on the development of academic anesthesiologists.

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OGG, JIM y CATHERINE GORGEON. "Social gerontology in France: historical trends and recent developments". Ageing and Society 23, n.º 6 (29 de octubre de 2003): 797–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001454.

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Social gerontology, as a distinct discipline, has been slower to develop in France than in Anglo-Saxon countries. Gerontological discourses have been dominated by the medical and physical sciences. At the same time, France has a long tradition of research on ageing that incorporates important social dimensions, particularly in demographic and economic fields. Current developments include research on pensions and related issues such as early-retirement or older people in the labour force; inter-generational relations or family solidarity; disabled elderly people and caring; and ageing among ethnic minority populations. These developments point in the direction of co-ordinated, multi-disciplinary approaches to the life course and ageing in the future.

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Bansal, Akhil, Joseph Pusey, Rahul Shah y Abraham Tolley. "Development and evaluation of an extra-curricular programme focussing on high impact career opportunities for medical professionals". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2023): e0284856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284856.

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Background Many medical professionals seek to do good through their careers, which may involve pursuing non-clinical options such as research, policy, or education in addition to clinical work. Working out which paths will lead to the largest social impact is a challenging question and of interest to many doctors. However, there are few, if any, services that use an impact-oriented framework to support doctors who want to make career decisions based on impact. Objectives To describe the development of an 8-week fellowship programme to introduce medical professionals to careers paths and focus areas which could lead to a particularly large social impact. And to evaluate the programme in terms of engagement, utility, changes in knowledge and career attitudes of participants. Methods The ADDIE instructional design model was used to design and evaluate this fellowship programme. An 8-week curriculum was designed by medical professionals and delivered to medical students and doctors around the world utilising a flipped learning style. Quantitative and qualitative data on the programme were collected and analysed. Results There was more demand for the programme than anticipated. We found that the fellowship was engaging and useful to medical students and doctors. It resulted in an increase in knowledge and skills on how to consider impact in one’s own career and a change in participants’ attitudes and behaviours, with some participants making changes to their career and charitable giving following the programme. Conclusions We believe an impact-orientated, practical co-curricular programme is valuable to medical professionals exploring impactful career options and there is demand for further programmes in this space.

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Miller, Robin, Catherine Weir y Steve Gulati. "Transforming primary care: scoping review of research and practice". Journal of Integrated Care 26, n.º 3 (2 de julio de 2018): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-03-2018-0023.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on research evidence and practice experience of transforming primary care to a more integrated and holistic model. Design/methodology/approach It is based on a scoping review which has been guided by primary care stakeholders and synthesises research evidence and practice experience from ten international case studies. Findings Adopting an inter-professional, community-orientated and population-based primary care model requires a fundamental transformation of thinking about professional roles, relationships and responsibilities. Team-based approaches can replicate existing power dynamics unless medical clinicians are willing to embrace less authoritarian leadership styles. Engagement of patients and communities is often limited due to a lack of capacity and belief that will make an impact. Internal (relationships, cultures, experience of improvement) and external (incentives, policy intentions, community pressure) contexts can encourage or derail transformation efforts. Practical implications Transformation requires a co-ordinated programme that incorporates the following elements – external facilitation of change; developing clinical and non-clinical leaders; learning through training and reflection; engaging community and professional stakeholders; transitional funding; and formative and summative evaluation. Originality/value This paper combines research evidence and international practice experience to guide future programmes to transform primary care.

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Ryan, Una, Sheleigh Lawler y Simon Reid. "Limiting swimming pool outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis – the roles of regulations, staff, patrons and research". Journal of Water and Health 15, n.º 1 (10 de noviembre de 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.160.

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Cryptosporidium is the leading cause of swimming pool outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of oocysts that are passed in the faeces of an infected person or animal when an accidental faecal release event occurs. Cryptosporidium parasites present specific challenges for infection control as oocysts are highly resistant to chlorine levels used for pool disinfection, infected individuals can shed large numbers of oocysts, there is a long incubation period and shedding of oocysts occurs even after symptom resolution. The purposes of this review are to identify key barriers to limiting swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis and to outline needs for research and collaboration to advance co-ordinated management practices. We reviewed swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, disinfection teachniques, current regulations and the role of staff and patrons. Key barriers to limiting swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis are a lack of uniform national and international standards, poor adherence and understanding of regulations governing staff and patron behaviour, and low levels of public knowledge and awareness.

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Vuong, Lan N., Vu N. A. Ho, Tuong M. Ho, Vinh Q. Dang, Tuan H. Phung, Nhu H. Giang, Anh H. Le et al. "In-vitro maturation of oocytes versus conventional IVF in women with infertility and a high antral follicle count: a randomized non-inferiority controlled trial". Human Reproduction 35, n.º 11 (24 de septiembre de 2020): 2537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa240.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is one cycle of IVM non-inferior to one cycle of conventional in IVF with respect to live birth rates in women with high antral follicle counts (AFCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER We could not demonstrate non-inferiority of IVM compared with IVF. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY IVF with ovarian hyperstimulation has limitations in some subgroups of women at high risk of ovarian stimulation, such as those with polycystic ovary syndrome. IVM is an alternative ART for these women. IVM may be a feasible alternative to IVF in women with a high AFC, but there is a lack of data from randomized clinical trials comparing IVM with IVF in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This single-center, randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted at an academic infertility center in Vietnam from January 2018 to April 2019. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In total, 546 women with an indication for ART and a high AFC (≥24 follicles in both ovaries) were randomized to the IVM (n = 273) group or the IVF (n = 273) group; each underwent one cycle of IVM with a prematuration step versus one cycle of IVF using a standard gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triggering. The primary endpoint was live birth rate after the first embryo transfer. The non-inferiority margin for IVM versus IVF was −10%. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Live birth after the first embryo transfer occurred in 96 women (35.2%) in the IVM group and 118 women (43.2%) in the IVF group (absolute risk difference –8.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) –16.6%, 0.5%). Cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates at 12 months after randomization were 44.0% in the IVM group and 62.6% in the IVF group (absolute risk difference –18.7%; 95% CI –27.3%, –10.1%). Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome did not occur in the IVM group, versus two cases in the IVF group. There were no statistically significant differences between the IVM and IVF groups with respect to the occurrence of pregnancy complications, obstetric and perinatal complications, preterm delivery, birth weight and neonatal complications. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The main limitation of the study was its open-label design. In addition, the findings are only applicable to IVM conducted using the prematuration step protocol used in this study. Finally, the single ethnicity population limits the external generalizability of the findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our randomized clinical trial compares live birth rates after IVM and IVF. Although IVM is a viable and safe alternative to IVF that may be suitable for some women seeking a mild ART approach, the current study findings approach inferiority for IVM compared with IVF when cumulative outcomes are considered. Future research should incorporate multiple cycles of IVM in the study design to estimate cumulative fertility outcomes and better inform clinical decision-making. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was partly supported by Ferring grant number 000323 and funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) and by the Fund for Research Flanders (FWO). LNV has received speaker and conference fees from Merck, grant, speaker and conference fees from Merck Sharpe and Dohme, and speaker, conference and scientific board fees from Ferring; TMH has received speaker fees from Merck, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Ferring; RJN has received conference and scientific board fees from Ferring, is a minor shareholder in an IVF company, and receives grant funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia; BWM has acted as a paid consultant to Merck, ObsEva and Guerbet, and is the recipient of grant money from an NHMRC Investigator Grant; RBG reports grants and fellowships from the NHMRC of Australia; JS reports lecture fees from Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Biomérieux, Besins Female Healthcare and Merck, grants from Fund for Research Flanders (FWO), and is co-inventor on granted patents on CAPA-IVM methodology in the US (US10392601B2) and Europe (EP3234112B1); TDP, VQD, VNAH, NHG, AHL, THP and RW have no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years, and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03405701 (www.clinicaltrials.gov). TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 16 January 2018. DATE OF FIRST PATENT’S ENROLMENT 25 January 2018.

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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "Achievement and Ascription: Fact or Fiction". Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 23, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v23i1.757.

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“Castles in the clouds, flying by; men will build them till they die; don’t they know it’s all a lie, tumbling castles make them cry; still they try…1” Identity is shaped by thoughts, ideas, feelings and emotions; expressed in words, actions and expressions; and recorded for posterity in mentifacts and artifacts. “Paper” (or “plastic”) identity, found on various identification cards, electronic databases, resumés and curriculum vitaes, is not necessarily be the same as the “flesh and blood” or real-life identity known best to those with whom face-to-face interaction takes place over long periods of time in various day-to-day situations. Status is both achieved and ascribed, and the degree to which one or the other contributes more draws the thin line between the real and apparent. To achieve means “to carry out successfully (accomplish);” “to get or attain as a result of exertion (reach),” or “to attain a desired end or aim (to become successful).”2 To ascribe, on the other hand, comes from the restored spelling of the Middle English ascrive, etymologically derives from the Old French. ascrivre, "to attribute, inscribe," and the Latin ascribere "to write in, to add to in a writing," from ad- "to" + scribere "to write."3 To ascribe is to refer to a supposed cause, source, or author, and “suggests an inferring of cause, quality or authorship” as in the case of “forged paintings formerly ascribed to masters.”4 Achievement rightfully bestows an earned “headship,” implied in its etymology from the Old.French. achever "to finish," from the phrase à chef (venir) "at an end, finished," the Vulgate Latin *accapare, from the Latin ad caput (venire). Literally, both the Old.French and Latin phrases mean "to come to a head," from the Latin caput "head.”5 Ascription is flattery at best; but worse when self-generated and perpetuated. Are vicarious experiences that become “personal accomplishments,” casual visits and observations that become “further training and fellowships,” comments and editing (even supervisory positions) that metamorphose into “research and co-authorships” any different from the fictitious medals of a dictator? Awards beget awards. Those who are thus preceded by reputation may loom “larger than life.” Do such giants stand on feet of clay? Our circles are a microcosm of the nation and world around us. Public servants who believe the fictions crafted by themselves and their coutillons continue to claim the right to rule (rather than the obligation to serve). Are we dazzled by the dream? What do we aspire for? Et tu? _________________________ The first meeting of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) was held in Seoul, the Republic of Korea last May 4-5, 2008 co-hosted by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office.6 APAME’s vision, it was agreed, would be to promote health care through the dissemination of quality health information in the Asia Pacific Region. The association also established the following aims: To upgrade publishing standards of health journals and books, paper-based or electronic; To develop an aggregated indexing system for health articles published in the Asia Pacific Region; and To enhance optimal access to health articles. The development of the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM) and the Global Health Library (GHL) are much-needed efforts to ensure the dissemination of and universal access to reliable health information essential to health development. These efforts will level the playing field for authors, editors, peer reviewers, publishers and subscribers in developing countries, elevating loco-regional research and publishing to the global arena. Following our continued compliance with established standards, we anticipate inclusion of the Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg in the WPRIM. Through its President Gil M. Vicente, and the Board of Trustees, our Society blazes new trails to lead us beyond the confines of self-directed concerns toward new horizons of hope for our various publics, present and future. Efforts aimed at health-promotion and disease-prevention, side by side with involvement in ecological and environmental concerns may prove to be as, or even more important, than the equally quixotic pursuit of cutting-edge diagnostic and therapeutic advances. What use are these when they are beyond the reach of most? “When the time of our particular sunset comes, our ‘thing,’ our accomplishment, won’t matter a great deal. But the clarity and concern with which we have loved others will speak with vitality of the great gift of life we have been to each other.”7

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Ferro, José M. y Patricia Canhão. "Subarachnoid Haemorrhage - Current Thinking and Future Strategy". European Neurological Review 4, n.º 2 (2009): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2009.04.02.38.

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Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) accounts for only 5% of all strokes, but is responsible for 25% of all fatalities related to stroke. The most important vascular risk factors for SAH are hypertension, smoking and high alcohol intake. One-quarter of patients with acute SAH are not diagnosed at their first medical encounter. To identify the aneurysm causing SAH and allow urgent treatment, angiography must be performed as soon as possible. The most important neurological complications of SAH are re-bleeding, intracerebral haematoma and intraventricular haemorrhage, vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischaemia, hydrocephalus and seizures. Patients with SAH should be referred urgently to a tertiary care centre with expertise in cerebral aneurysm treatment, including endovascular, neurosurgical and neurointensive care. Currently, we can recommend that in a patient with acute aneurysmal SAH in whom both coiling and clipping are feasible, coiling is the preferred choice, if it can be performed within 72 hours after SAH. Adequate fluid replacement and calcium channel blockers are used to prevent vasospasm. Future health gains in SAH will depend on co-ordinated efforts between basic research and clinical research.

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Ahmed Alhaneedi, Ghalib, Abduljabbar Alhammoud, Shamsi Hameed, Mohammad Al Ateeq Al Dosari y Abdullatif Alkhal. "DOES RESTRUCTURING THE RESEARCH CURRICULUM OF ORTHOPEDIC TRAINING PROGRAM AFFECT THE RESEARCH PERFORMANCE? EVIDENCE FROM QATAR". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 01 (31 de enero de 2021): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12375.

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Background: The participation of trainees and faculties in the research is an integral part of postgraduate medical training and education. The educational curriculum of the training program should be structured to support the learning of the trainees scholarly activities, address research barriers, foster a culture of inquiry, and improve their research performance. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education International (ACGME-I) standards include participation in scholarly activities by residents and faculties as an essential requirement of the training program.The possible effects of research-based curriculum after accreditation of postgraduate training program on the research performance was examined in a longitudinal study of the orthopedic training program. Methods: Web-based systematic review for all publicationsfrom our orthopedic training program and only pubmed index publications of other institutional programs before (2009-2013) and after (2014-2018) accreditation was conducted. Data for the type of publications, journal name, impact factors, dates published, orthopedic specialty, level of evidence,and the role of residents and faculties in the authorship were collected.The research academic degree of residents, number of residents applied and matched for a fellowship in North America and/or UK were collected from a residents portfolio. Results: The orthopedics training program published a total of 50 articles between 2009 and 2018, which represented 2% of all other institutional programs publications. There was a significant improvement in the number of publications from three (6%) to 47(94%) articles before and after accreditation, respectively. There were 19(38%) original researches, 17(34%) review articles, 13(26%) case reports, and one letter to the editor. International Orthopedics was the most commonly used journal with ten publications (25%). Most of the publications were in orthopedic trauma with 18 articles (36%), 10(20%) pediatric orthopedics, 7 (14%) foot and ankle and 7(14%) spine articles. The residents were the first author in 50% of publications, and at least one-third were published during their training. Conclusion: This study showed that the development of the structured research based educational curriculumof the residency training program after accreditation helped in enhancing the research performance and publications in our postgraduate training program. Restructuring of the research-based curriculum after accreditation of the program appears to increase the trainees and faculties chances of being an author or co-author of a scientific article.

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David, Maya y Prasannanshu Prasannanshu. "COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ENDANGERED LANGUAGES". IARS' International Research Journal 11, n.º 1 (8 de febrero de 2021): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v11i1.2021.148.

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This Special Issue of IARS International Research Journal contains eight articles which investigate diverse aspects of Endangered Languages and COVID-19. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has redefined the way we live, work, and think. Consequently, it has become necessary for leaders, specialists, scholars, and academics of various fields to re-examine their positions and research objectives and methodologies in the context of this pandemic. The field of endangered languages is no different: It was soon realised that the effect of the pandemic on endangered languages is far reaching. In many countries, government and non-government institutions and agencies have attempted to make information about the virus available in minority languages. Sebastian Drude (2020) in a Foundation of Endangered languages blog reports on the effort of Pakistani social activist Zubair Torwali, who worked with the provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, to produce a series of information videos in a number of local languages and also of Malaysian Rusaslina Idrus who has co-ordinated teams of translators, medical specialists and native speakers to make Covid-19 information posters available in a number of Malaysian indigenous languages.

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Hatfield, Laura A. y Sherri Rose. "A conversation with Sherri Rose, winner of the 2020 health policy statistics section mid-career award". Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology 20, n.º 4 (3 de agosto de 2020): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10742-020-00216-6.

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Abstract Sherri Rose, Ph.D. is an associate professor at Stanford University in the Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research as well as Co-Director of the joint Harvard–Stanford Health Policy Data Science Lab. A renowned expert in machine learning methodology for causal inference and prediction, her applied work has focused on risk adjustment, algorithmic fairness, health program evaluation, and comparative effectiveness research. Dr. Rose’s leadership positions include current roles as Co-Editor of Biostatistics and Chair of the American Statistical Association’s Biometrics Section. She is also a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Dr. Rose earned a BS in Statistics from The George Washington University and a PhD in Biostatistics from the University of California, Berkeley before completing an NSF Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University. Prior to joining the faculty at Stanford University, she was on the faculty at Harvard Medical School in the Department of Health Care Policy. Below, an interview of Dr. Rose, conducted by her colleague, Dr. Laura Hatfield, on the occasion of her 2020 Mid-Career Award from the Health Policy Statistics Section (HPSS) of the American Statistical Association. This award recognizes leaders in health care policy and health services research who have made outstanding contributions through methodological or applied work and who show a promise of continued excellence at the frontier of statistical practice that advances the aims of HPSS.

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Wade, F. M., N. Pavlakis, I. Receveur, S. Leibman y G. S. Smith. "The role of cancer Nurse coordinator in foregut malignancy: Workload and costing considerations in the Australian setting". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2009): e20559-e20559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20559.

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e20559 Background: Foregut (esophageal and gastric) malignancy (FM) encompasses a number of diseases with poor outlook and complex and often morbid treatment. In keeping with world wide trends, the investigation and management of patients with FM is undertaken in the context of a multidisciplinary group consisting medical, nursing and paramedical specialists. Crucial to the delivery of co-ordinated and compassionate care is the Cancer Nurse Co-ordinator (CNC). Further, the CNC is pivotal in ensuring that benchmarks regarding intervals from diagnosis, to multidisciplinary assessment to treatment commencement are met. The aim of this study was to quantify the workload of the CNC in a newly established esophagogastric surgical unit. Methods: Clinical data and data regarding workload of the CNC in our unit was recorded prospectively. Results: Of 218 patients with newly diagnosed FM referred to our unit between November 2005 and December 2008 198 (91%) were seen by the CNC. The number of cancers arising from the esophagus or esophagogastric junction was 135 (62%), stomach 78 (36%) and small bowel 5 (2%). The interval between CNC referral and initial contact was 4 days (range -13 to 40 days) and 89 (45%) patients were seen at the initial consultation with the surgeon. The mean number of CNC contacts with individual patients was 18 (range 1–76), comprising 9 (range 0–42) face to face consultations, 9 (range 0–58) telephone contacts and 0.2 (range 0–14) email contacts. Referrals to other support services were made for 164 (83%) patients with an average of 1 referral made per patient. This workload was carried out over 29 hours per fortnight at $43 AUD per hour. The average cost per patient with FM cared for by the CNC was $491 AUD ($349 USD). Conclusions: The complex care of patients with FM is augmented by the presence of a specialist CNC. The resource requirement for CNC funding is a small proportion on the costs of overall patient treatment and represents a prudent use of finite health care resources. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Ken Goldberg, Professor, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, UC Berkeley; Inventor and Artist". Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, n.º 2 (18 de marzo de 2019): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2019-0026.

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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business, and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and inventor regarding his pioneering efforts and the commercialization of bringing a technological invention to market. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Ken Goldberg, an inventor working at the intersection of art, robotics, and social media. He joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1995 where he is the UC Berkeley William S. Floyd Jr Distinguished Chair in Engineering and recently served as Chair of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Department. He has secondary appointments in UC Berkeley’s Electrical Engineering/Computer Science, Art Practice and the School of Information. Goldberg also holds an appointment at the UC San Francisco Medical School’s Department of Radiation Oncology where he pursues research in medical robotics. Goldberg is Director of the CITRIS “People and Robots” Initiative and the UC Berkeley’s Laboratory for Automation Science and Engineering (AUTOLAB) where he and his students research machine learning for robotics and automation in warehouses, homes, and operating rooms. In this interview, Goldberg shares some of his personal and business perspectives from his career-long pursuit of making robots less clumsy. Findings Goldberg earned dual BS degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984, and MS and PhD degrees in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1990. Goldberg also studied at Edinburgh University and the Technion. From 1991-95 he taught at the University of Southern California, and in fall 2000, he was visiting faculty at the MIT Media Lab. Goldberg and his students pursue research in three primary areas: Geometric Algorithms for Automation, Cloud Robotics, and Robot Learning. Originality/value Goldberg developed the first complete algorithms for part feeding and part fixturing, and developed the first robot on the Internet. His inventions have been awarded nine US Patents. Goldberg has published over 250 peer-reviewed technical papers and edited four books. He co-founded and served as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE). He is also Co-Founder of the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) Lab, the Berkeley Center for New Media (BCNM), the African Robotics Network (AFRON), the Center for Automation and Learning for Medical Robotics (CAL-MR), the CITRIS Data and Democracy Initiative (DDI), Hybrid Wisdom Labs, and Moxie Institute. He has presented over four hundred keynote and invited lectures. Goldberg's artwork, closely linked with his research, has appeared in over seventy venues. Ken was awarded the Presidential Faculty Fellowship in 1995 by Bill Clinton, the Joseph Engelberger Robotics Award in 2000, elected IEEE Fellow in 2005, and selected by the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society for the George Saridis Leadership Award in 2016.

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Sims, Jessica M., Emma Lawrence, Katy Glazer, Amir Gander, Barry Fuller, Brian R. Davidson, Jonathan Garibaldi y Philip R. Quinlan. "Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic about sample access for research in the UK". BMJ Open 12, n.º 4 (abril de 2022): e047309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047309.

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ObjectiveAnnotated clinical samples taken from patients are a foundation of translational medical research and give mechanistic insight into drug trials. Prior research by the Tissue Directory and Coordination Centre (TDCC) indicated that researchers, particularly those in industry, face many barriers in accessing patient samples. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic to the UK produced an immediate and extreme shockwave, which impacted on the ability to undertake all crucial translational research. As a national coordination centre, the TDCC is tasked with improving efficiency in the biobanking sector. Thus, we took responsibility to identify and coordinate UK tissue sample collection organisations (biobanks) able to collect COVID-19-related samples for researchers between March and September 2020.FindingsAlmost a third of UK biobanks were closed during the first wave of the UK COVID-19 pandemic. Of the remainder, 43% had limited capabilities while 26% maintained normal activity. Of the nationally prioritised COVID-19 interventional studies, just three of the five that responded to questioning were collecting human samples. Of the 41 requests for COVID-19 samples received by the TDCC, only four could be fulfilled due to a lack of UK coordinated strategy. Meanwhile, in the background there are numerous reports that sample collections in the UK remain largely underutilised.ConclusionThe response to a pandemic demands high level co-ordinated research responses to reduce mortality. Our study highlights the lack of efficiency and coordination between human sample collections and clinical trials across the UK. UK sample access is not working for researchers, clinicians or patients. A radical change is required in the strategy for sample collection and distribution to maximise this valuable resource of human-donated samples.

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TERZIDOU, V. "ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PARTURITION AND PREPARATION FOR LABOUR". Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 20, n.º 1 (febrero de 2009): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0965539509002381.

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Parturition is the process leading to expulsion of the fetus from the uterus. It is the result of a co-ordinated interplay between maternal and fetal factors. Despite extensive research the mechanisms that control the length of human pregnancy and signal the onset of labour remain unknown. Preterm labour refers to the onset of labour before 37 completed weeks or 259 days of pregnancy and after the gestation of viability (20–25 weeks, depending on definition). In most developed countries, preterm birth occurs in 5–10% of pregnancies whereas this may rise to 25% in certain developing countries. Despite advancing knowledge of risk factors and the introduction of beneficial medical and public health interventions the incidence of preterm birth rate has risen over the last two decades. Preterm birth is the single biggest cause of perinatal mortality. Adverse outcomes for the neonate include respiratory complications, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and neurodevelopmental disorders. Among those babies born before 30 weeks who survive, approximately 25% will have a major disability. Another 10% will have some disability and an additional 30% will have cognitive, perceptual and behavioural problems that could interfere with school performance. The consequences of prematurity are not confined to the neonate but have important long-term social, financial, behavioural and educational implications.

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Duffy, J. M. N., H. AlAhwany, S. Bhattacharya, B. Collura, C. Curtis, J. L. H. Evers, R. G. Farquharson et al. "Developing a core outcome set for future infertility research: an international consensus development study†‡". Human Reproduction 35, n.º 12 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 2725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa241.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Can a core outcome set to standardize outcome selection, collection and reporting across future infertility research be developed? SUMMARY ANSWER A minimum data set, known as a core outcome set, has been developed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews evaluating potential treatments for infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Complex issues, including a failure to consider the perspectives of people with fertility problems when selecting outcomes, variations in outcome definitions and the selective reporting of outcomes on the basis of statistical analysis, make the results of infertility research difficult to interpret. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A three-round Delphi survey (372 participants from 41 countries) and consensus development workshop (30 participants from 27 countries). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Healthcare professionals, researchers and people with fertility problems were brought together in an open and transparent process using formal consensus science methods. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The core outcome set consists of: viable intrauterine pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound (accounting for singleton, twin and higher multiple pregnancy); pregnancy loss (accounting for ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth and termination of pregnancy); live birth; gestational age at delivery; birthweight; neonatal mortality; and major congenital anomaly. Time to pregnancy leading to live birth should be reported when applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We used consensus development methods which have inherent limitations, including the representativeness of the participant sample, Delphi survey attrition and an arbitrary consensus threshold. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Embedding the core outcome set within RCTs and systematic reviews should ensure the comprehensive selection, collection and reporting of core outcomes. Research funding bodies, the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement, and over 80 specialty journals, including the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group, Fertility and Sterility and Human Reproduction, have committed to implementing this core outcome set. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was funded by the Catalyst Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand, Auckland Medical Research Fund and Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust. The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study, the collection, management, analysis or interpretation of data, or manuscript preparation. B.W.J.M. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship (GNT1082548). S.B. was supported by University of Auckland Foundation Seelye Travelling Fellowship. S.B. reports being the Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open and an editor of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility group. J.L.H.E. reports being the Editor Emeritus of Human Reproduction. J.M.L.K. reports research sponsorship from Ferring and Theramex. R.S.L. reports consultancy fees from Abbvie, Bayer, Ferring, Fractyl, Insud Pharma and Kindex and research sponsorship from Guerbet and Hass Avocado Board. B.W.J.M. reports consultancy fees from Guerbet, iGenomix, Merck, Merck KGaA and ObsEva. C.N. reports being the Co Editor-in-Chief of Fertility and Sterility and Section Editor of the Journal of Urology, research sponsorship from Ferring, and retains a financial interest in NexHand. A.S. reports consultancy fees from Guerbet. E.H.Y.N. reports research sponsorship from Merck. N.L.V. reports consultancy and conference fees from Ferring, Merck and Merck Sharp and Dohme. The remaining authors declare no competing interests in relation to the work presented. All authors have completed the disclosure form. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative: 1023.

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Williams, Grant Richard, Kathryn E. Weaver, Glenn Jay Lesser, Emily Van Meter Dressler, Karen Marie Winkfield, Heather B. Neuman, Anne Kazak et al. "Capacity to provide specialized care for older adults in community oncology practices: Results of the NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) Landscape survey." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2019): 6539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6539.

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6539 Background: American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend that patients ≥65 years of age starting chemotherapy undergo a geriatric assessment (GA) to inform and guide management; however, little is known about resources available in community oncology practices to facilitate geriatric specialty care and implement these guidelines. Methods: Community oncology practices were electronically surveyed in 2017 regarding the availability of various providers, supportive services, and practice characteristics, as part of a larger survey of cancer care delivery research (CCDR) capacity at NCORP sites. Designated CCDR leads provided information about their site. Descriptive statistics were used to report prevalence of resources available at each community practice. Results: Of the 925 NCORP practice locations, 504 (54%) responded to the survey, representing 227 practice groups. Of respondents, 58% included a free-standing clinic or private/group practice and 82% included inpatient services. The median number of new cancer cases per year ≥65 years of age was 443 (Interquartile range [IQR] 220-903). The median number of medical oncology providers was 5 (IQR 3-11). Only 1.8% of practices had a dual fellowship trained geriatric oncologist on staff. Geriatricians were available for consultation or co-management for 34% of sites, but only 13% of those had availability within the oncology clinic. Among those with access to geriatricians, consultations were primarily outpatient (90%) versus inpatient (54%). Ancillary services that could support GA were variably available onsite: social work (83%), nurse navigators (78%), pharmacist (77%), dietician (69%), supportive caregiver services (62%), rehabilitative medicine (57%), psychologist (41%), and psychiatrist (39%). Most sites utilized electronic health record systems (84%) and patient portals (89%). Conclusions: Availability of geriatric-trained providers is limited in community oncology practices. Use of primarily self-administered GA tools that direct referrals to available ancillary services may be an effective implementation strategy for guideline-based care.

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Gravelsins, Laura, Nicole Gervais, Alana Brown, Gina Nicoll, Shreeyaa Ramana, Alisa Li, Anne Almey et al. "245 Sleep and cortical thickness are influenced by surgical menopause". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A98—A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.244.

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Abstract Introduction Early loss of 17β-estradiol (E2), as experienced by women with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO; removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes), is associated with increased prevalence of sleep disorders and greater Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. In older adults, poor sleep heightens AD risk; hypoxia increases markers for incipient AD, including circulating Aβ, and is linked to prefrontal cortical thinning. Thus, we wondered: 1) if this at-risk population of middle-aged women with BSO had sleep hypoxia, measured by oxygen desaturation, and 2) whether this related to decreased prefrontal cortical thickness in women taking and not taking estradiol therapy (ET). Methods Sleep and percent oxygen desaturation (SPO2%) were measured via at-home polysomnography (TEMEC). Prefrontal cortical thickness was obtained from T1-weighted structural scans using the CIVET pipeline. We recruited middle-age women with BSO, some of whom were taking ET (BSO+ET; n=15), and some not (BSO; n=15). We compared their sleep and cortical thickness with that of age and education-matched premenopausal controls (AMC; n=18). Results Women with BSO (BSO, BSO+ET) had lower minimum SPO2% values than AMC, and thinner right medial orbitofrontal (rmOF) cortices. There was a trend for women with BSO to have lower average SPO2% than AMC. Analyses separating groups based on ET therapy status (BSO vs BSO+ET vs AMC) revealed only trending differences between groups, such that women with BSO tended to have lower minimum SPO2% and thinner rmOF cortices than AMC. Conclusion These preliminary results suggest early loss of E2 due to BSO may drive greater drops in SPO2% in middle-age women, and may be related to reduced prefrontal cortical thickness. This study is the first to show hypoxia in women with BSO. Support (if any) Ontario Graduate Scholarship Award (to LG), Alzheimer’s Association Research Fellowship (co-sponsored by Brain Canada Foundation; AARF-17-504715 to NJG), Alzheimer’s Society Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship (to AA), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Masters Award (to LG, AB, and RR), Wilfred and Joyce Posluns Chair in Women’s Brain Health and Aging (from the Posluns Family Foundation, CIHR, Ontario Brain Institute, and Alzheimer Society of Canada; WJP-150643 to GE)

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Sageman, Elischka y Sharleen Cook. "An Outreach Midwifery Program for Homeless, Pregnant Young Women in the Northern Metropolitan Region of Melbourne". Australian Journal of Primary Health 1, n.º 1 (1995): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py95012.

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In this paper, the background, planning, and implementation of an outreach midwifery service for homeless, pregnant, young women in the northern metropolitan area of Melbourne is described. Research in the north east region of Melbourne had shown the large number of pregnant, homeless, young women, particularly in the West Heidelberg area (McDonald, 1992). Conventional antenatal services were not accessed by these women. They did not attend ante or postnatal classes and frequently missed hospital and medical appointments due to their transient lifestyle and lack of transport. This diminished the opportunity for favourable obstetric outcomes and could have undermined the ability for adequate parenting. The aim of the outreach program was to access the women in the appropriate settings, which might be a school, a refuge, a special accommodation centre, or in some cases a detention centre. The midwife would provide ante and postnatal education and support tailored to individual needs, make appropriate referrals to other agencies, provide practical assistance, such as transport, and be an advocate on behalf of the women where necessary. The main achievements of the program have been the provision of accessible and appropriate ante and postnatal care to a group of young women, who would not otherwise have accessed such services. Further, valuable links have been established with a variety of community agencies, enabling a more co-ordinated approach to client care.

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Zhukova, Nataliya, Dilru Habarakada, Caroline Drinkwater, Andrew Danks, Chris Xenos, Beena Kumar, Lauren Haddad et al. "OTHR-30. Multidisciplinary approach to childhood cancer bio-banking improves enrollment and enables better access to diagnostic and therapeutic studies". Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (1 de junio de 2022): i153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.568.

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Abstract Despite the significant progress made in the multi-modal treatment of childhood malignancies over the last four decades with a concomitantly increased cure rates, the benefit is still largely limited to patients with leukemias, lymphomas and localized non-CNS solid tumors, leaving patients with high-risk non-CNS solid tumours and most CNS malignancies with minimal advancements. More research is critical to understand what drives these cancers and to investigate the best ways to deliver curative therapies. Translational research relies on patient-derived tissue samples, animal models and cell-cultures to understand the biological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms of disease. To facilitate patient care and outcomes, it is becoming increasingly important that paediatric clinical trials include tissue availability as part of eligibility criteria, making collection and storage of patient tissue a mandate of personalised medicine and a pillar of modern paediatric cancer medicine. Monash Children’s Cancer Biobank was established in 2011. Since 2017, a total of 64 patients were diagnosed with CNS malignancies across all grades, with an overall 69% of patients’ tissues being biobanked at the time of initial diagnosis. A co-ordinated, multidisciplinary approach to biobanking is crucial to the success of tissue acquisition. Through the combination of an educational forum, regular neuro-surgical multi-disciplinary meetings, and the early involvement of medical oncology and biobank staff, with our neurosurgical and clinical pathology colleagues, as part of patient management planning, the tissue acquisition for biobanking increased from 44% to 82% over the course of 5 years. This consequently led to a 100% enrolment to tissue-enabling studies, significantly improving identification of targetable molecular lesions, enrolment onto treatment clinical trials and identification of patients with cancer predisposition syndromes.

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Straus, L. D., P. J. Colvonen, D. Bertenthal, T. C. Neylan y A. O’Donovan. "1112 Mental Health And Sleep Disorders Are Associated With Elevated C-reactive Protein In Returning Veterans". Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): A423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1107.

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Abstract Introduction Mental health disorders and sleep disorders are associated with systemic inflammation, which may be a key element linking these highly co-occurring conditions to negative health outcomes. This study used national VA medical records to examine C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in Iraq/Afghanistan veterans based on presence of mental health and/or sleep disorder diagnoses. Methods We examined medical records for 16,576 Iraq/Afghanistan veterans under age 55 who had high-sensitivity CRP results reported. ICD diagnostic codes were used to compare CRP values for: a) veterans without sleep disorders or mental health diagnoses, b) veterans with mental health disorders only, c) veterans with sleep disorders only, and d) veterans with both conditions. In generalized linear models controlling for demographics, we examined the impact of diagnostic category on continuous CRP value as well as the risk of elevated CRP (>3mg/L). Results Veterans with mental health disorders (coeff=.14, p<.001) and comorbid sleep and mental health disorders (coeff=.21, p<.001) had higher continuous CRP values compared to veterans without either condition. Veterans with comorbid sleep and mental health disorders had higher continuous CRP values than veterans with sleep disorders alone (coeff=.22, p<.041); however, there were few patients in the current sample who were diagnosed with sleep disorders alone (n=401, 2.4%). Additionally, veterans with mental health disorders (ARR=1.12, p=.004) and comorbid sleep and mental health disorders (ARR=1.15, p=.001) were more likely to have CRP values >3mg/L compared to veterans without either condition. Conclusion Sleep disorders were highly likely to co-occur with mental health disorders in this sample of Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. Mental health disorders and comorbid mental health/sleep disorders were associated with elevated C-reactive protein, indicating these patients are at highest risk for negative health outcomes. Future studies should investigate directionality of relationships among sleep disruption, mental health symptoms, and inflammation. Support VA Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment

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Duncan, Pamela W. "One Grip a Little Stronger". Physical Therapy 83, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2003): 1014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.11.1014.

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Abstract Pamela W Duncan, PT, PhD, FAPTA Dr Duncan has actively participated in and contributed to physical therapist practice, physical therapist professional education, professional preparation of other health care providers, national policy development related to rehabilitation after stroke and aging, and scientific investigation. She has served several government appointments and provides leadership within several organizations. She served as co-chair of the Consensus Panel on Establishing Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation for the Agency for Health Care Policy, Research, and Education. She was a panel member on the National Institutes of Health's Total Hip Replacement Consensus Conference and served on the Strategic Planning Group for Stroke Research for the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. She recently was appointed to serve on the Steering Committee of the Department of Education's National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research and is currently on the Executive Leadership Council of the American Stroke Foundation and the Advisory Committee of the Canadian Stroke Network. She has served on committees and panels for the American Heart Association and was president of APTA's Neurology section. Dr Duncan's research activities focus on geriatric rehabilitation, stroke rehabilitation, and health outcomes measurement. She developed the Functional Reach Test, used to assess balance in older adults. In the past 20 years, she has received $13 million in research awards as principal investigator or co-investigator from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, American Heart Association, Department of Veteran's Affairs, and National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research and from multiple private funding sources. Dr Duncan has disseminated her research findings in more than 80 peer-reviewed articles in 20 different journals, and she has written a book and 12 book chapters. Dr Duncan's work has influenced the care and rehabilitation of patients in the United States and worldwide. Physical therapy education programs across the country incorporate her findings and professional vision into the preparation of the next generation of physical therapists. APTA has awarded Dr Duncan the Marian Williams Award for Research in Physical Therapy, the Catherine Worthingham Fellowship Award, and the Mary McMillan Scholarship Award. She has also received research awards from the APTA Neurology Section, Sports Physical Therapy Section, and Section on Geriatrics, as well as a service award from the Neurology Section. She is an elected fellow of the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association and has given 8 invited lectureships at universities across the United States.

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Guillen-Ponce, Carmen, Evelina Mocci, Julie Earl, Carmen T. Guerrero, Maria Celia Calcedo, Maria Teresa Salazar, MJ Molina-Garrido et al. "Spanish national hereditary pancreatic cancer registry (PanFAM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2012): e12033-e12033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e12033.

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e12033 Background: Inherited predisposition to Pancreatic Cancer (PC) corresponds 10% of all cases and includes members of families affected with hereditary cancer syndromes as Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC), Peutz-Jeghers, familial melanoma, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, hereditary pancreatitis. An inherited predisposition in early onset PC (≤ 50 years) has also been suggested. We report preliminary data on PanFAM patients and screening of high risk individuals. Methods: PamFAM is a part of the European PANGEN PC case/control study of hereditary PC, co-ordinated by the Ramón y Cajal (RC) hospital and the Spanish National Cancer Research Center, with 16 participating hospitals. All families with clinical evidence of an inherited PC syndrome were recruited and multi-generational pedigrees were constructed. Cancer diagnoses were confirmed, when possible, by review of medical records. Blood samples and epidemiological data were collected for all participating family members. A screening program for early detection of PC, based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), CT and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) was offered to high risk individuals. Results: Of 505 Spanish PCs collected by PANGEN, 31 (~6%) were FPC cases; 18 (58%) revealed only PC and the remaining showed clustering with other tumor types, gastric cancer was the most common (13%). Among FPC families, 3 had 3 cases of PC and the remaining had 2 cases. The mean age of diagnosis was 67 years (range 47-85), 20 male and 11 female. Four FPCs were previously diagnosed with cancer (Hodgkin lymphoma, breast and prostate cancer) and 3 with acute pancreatitis. 37 PCs with no family history of cancer were diagnosed at the age of 50 years or earlier (mean 45, range 30-50), 18 male and 19 female. Other 27 eligible families were recruited by RyC hospital, 8 (30%) with FPC and 3 (11%) with PC ≤ 50 years. A cohort of 61 high risk individuals participes in the screening study: 3 had abnormal EUS, 1 a benign pancreatic node and 1 a renal angiolipoma; one young man had 2 CTCs. Conclusions: PanFAM is the first registry in Spain collecting hereditary PC cases and it represents an important resource to identify underlying gene defects and to the development of screening methods precursor lesions detection in high risk individuals.

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Steel, Michael, Elizabeth Smyth, Hans Vasen, Diana Eccles, Gareth Evans, Pål Møller, Shirley Hodgson et al. "Ethical, Social and Economic Issues in Familial Breast Cancer: A Compilation of Views from the E.C. Biomed II Demonstration Project". Disease Markers 15, n.º 1-3 (1999): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/564893.

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Demand for clinical services for familial breast cancer is continuing to rise across Europe. Service provision is far from uniform and, in most centres, its evolution has been determined by local conditions, specifically by local research interests, rather than by central planning. However, in a number of countries there is evidence of progress towards co-ordinated development and audit of clinics providing risk assessment, counselling, screening and, in some cases, prophylactic intervention. Much important information should emerge from continued observation and comparative assessment of these developments.In most countries for which relevant data are available, there is a distinct bias towards higher social class among those who avail themselves of clinic facilities (in line with findings from many other health-promotion initiatives). This should be addressed when considering future organisation of clinical services.Molecular genetic studies designed to identify the underlying mutations responsible for familial breast cancer are not generally regarded as part of the clinical service and are funded through research grants (if at all). Economic considerations suggest that there is a case for keeping this policy under review.Familial cancers throw into sharp relief certain ethical and legal issues that have received much recent attention from government advisory bodies, patients’ representatives, professional commentators and the popular media. Two are of particular importance; first, the right to gain access to medical records of relatives, in order to provide accurate risk assessment for a given family member, versus the right to privacy in respect of personal medical information and, second, the obligation (or otherwise) to inform family members of their risk status if they have not actively sought that knowledge. The legal position seems to vary from country to country and, in many cases, is unclear. In view of pressures to establish uniform approaches to medical confidentiality across the EC, it is important to evaluate the experience of participants in this Demonstration Programme and to apply the principle of “non-malfeasance” in formulating regu-lations that should govern future practice in this field.Data on economic aspects of familial breast cancer are remarkably sparse and outdated. As evidence accrues on the influence of screening and intervention programmes on morbidity and mortality, there is a strong case for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of different models of service provision.

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Cho, Jonathan C., Wesley D. Kufel, Meghan N. Jeffres y Elias Chahine. "2539. Characterization of Infectious Diseases Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences at United States Colleges of Pharmacy". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octubre de 2019): S882—S883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2217.

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Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a public health crisis. Experiential education about the appropriate use of antimicrobials is necessary to prevent the post-antibiotic era. The purpose of this study was to describe the learning experiences during infectious diseases (ID) advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) offered by ID pharmacy faculty. Methods A 18-item, cross-sectional, multi-center, electronic survey was distributed via e-mail to ID pharmacy faculty at 124 schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States. Programs were identified via the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education directory. Data related to student learning experiences, preceptor credentials, and teaching opportunities offered to pharmacy students were collected. Results Seventy-two (58%) ID faculty responded to the survey and 64 (89%) offered an ID APPE. Forty-three (67%) preceptors completed a PGY-2 ID pharmacy residency and 17 (27%) completed an ID pharmacy fellowship. ID physicians served as co-preceptors for 52% of rotations but only 34% had other ID pharmacists as co-preceptors. Of the 64 APPEs offered, 45% were at an academic medical center. The majority of students participated in antimicrobial stewardship activities (84%) and ID consults (80%) in adults. Greater than 90% of APPEs included learning experiences related to bone and joint, cardiovascular, central nervous system, Clostridioides difficile, fungal, intra-abdominal, lower respiratory, skin and soft-tissue, and urologic infections. Viral hepatitis (39%), travel medicine (13%), ophthalmologic (39%), parasitic (33%), and rickettsial (31%) infections were less commonly offered. Most students were required to present patient cases (92%), lead topic discussions (91%), present journal clubs (89%), conduct medication use evaluations (56%) and work on research projects (53%). Conclusion Pharmacy ID APPEs provide students with a broad range of experiences, particularly in adult populations. Students commonly participated in the management of core infectious syndromes. ID APPEs provide students additional training on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Hoole, Maya, Alison Sheridan, Angela Boyle, Thomas Booth, Selina Brace, Yoan Diekmann, Iñigo Olalde et al. "‘Ava’: a Beaker-associated woman from a cist at Achavanich, Highland, and the story of her (re-)discovery and subsequent study". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 147 (21 de noviembre de 2018): 73–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.147.1250.

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This contribution describes the discovery and subsequent investigation of a cist in a rock-cut pit at Achavanich, Highland. Discovered and excavated in 1987, the cist was found to contain the tightly contracted skeletal remains of a young woman, accompanied by a Beaker, three flint artefacts and a cattle scapula. Initial post excavation work established a date for the skeleton together with details of her age and sex, and preliminary pollen analysis of sediments attaching to the Beaker was undertaken. The findings were never fully published and, upon the death of the excavator, Robert Gourlay, the documentary archive was left in the Highland Council Archaeology Unit. Fresh research in 2014–17, initiated and co-ordinated by the first-named author and funded by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland with assistance from National Museums Scotland, the Natural History Museum and Harvard Medical School, has produced a significant amount of new information on the individual and on some of the items with which she was buried. This new information includes two further radiocarbon dates, a more detailed osteological report, isotopic information pertaining to the place where she had been raised and to her diet, histological information on the decomposition of her body, and genetic information that sheds light on her ancestry, her hair, eye and skin colour and her intolerance of lactose. (This is the first time that an ancient DNA report has been published in the Proceedings.) Moreover, a facial reconstruction adds virtual flesh to her bones. The significance of this discovery within the Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age of this part of Scotland is discussed, along with the many and innovative ways in which information on this individual, dubbed ‘Ava’, has been disseminated around the world.

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Nadhan, Revathy, Ji Hee Ha, Muralidharan Jayaraman, Srishti Kashyap y Danny N. Dhanasekaran. "Abstract LB039: Ovarian cancer cell-derived exosomal UCA1 reprograms glucose metabolism in stromal fibroblasts". Cancer Research 83, n.º 8_Supplement (14 de abril de 2023): LB039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb039.

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Abstract Tumor progression is stringently regulated by the co-ordinated signaling between the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) through diverse autocrine, paracrine and exocrine signaling mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that the exosomes that play a crucial role in the transfer of oncogenic macromolecules and oncometabolites to different cellular components of the TME can be targeted for therapy. Therefore, with the focus on identifying the exosomal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that can be therapeutically targeted, we investigated the profile of ovarian cancer cell derived lncRNAs and their functional role in ovarian cancer pathophysiology. Analysis of exosomes derived from a panel of high grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines indicated that UCA1 (Urothelial Cancer Associated 1) is the most abundantly packaged lncRNA in the exosomes. Similarly, exosomes from patient-derived ovarian cancer cells exhibited higher levels of UCA1. Ascites from ovarian cancer patients also indicated high levels of UCA1 in the ascites-derived exosomes. Results using PKH67-labelled ovarian cancer cell-derived exosomes and MRC5 fibroblast cell line indicated the exosomal transfer of UCA1 to the fibroblasts. Since paracrine signaling has been shown to induce metabolic reprogramming of peritumoral fibroblasts, we interrogated whether exosomal transfer of UCA1 could reprogram the glucose metabolism in the fibroblasts. Results from the Agilent Seahorse glycolytic stress assay indicate that the exosomal UCA1 promotes reprogramming of glucose metabolism in fibroblast cells while depleting of UCA1 in the exosomes failed to induce such metabolic reprogramming. Results from the analysis of the key glycolytic enzymes in the stromal fibroblasts, post-exosomal UCA1 uptake also corroborate this conclusion. Thus our results provide primary evidence that the exosomal-UCA1 induces pro-tumorigenic metabolic reprogramming in peri-tumoral fibroblasts. Together with the known oncogenic role of UCA1 in many different cancer cells, our findings indicate that targeting UCA1 could form a productive precision cancer strategy in ovarian cancer, targeting both the tumor cells and tumor stromal cells. This research was supported by the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program Award W81XWH-18-1-0066, W81XWH-22-1-0415, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant P20 GM103639 and The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health grant P30 CA225520. Citation Format: Revathy Nadhan, Ji Hee Ha, Muralidharan Jayaraman, Srishti Kashyap, Danny N. Dhanasekaran. Ovarian cancer cell-derived exosomal UCA1 reprograms glucose metabolism in stromal fibroblasts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB039.

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Erickson, Alexander, Scott Ravyts, Michael Mitchell, Joseph Dzierzewski, Cathy Alessi, Sarah Kate McGowan, Gwendolyn Carlson et al. "0414 Pain in Your Day? Get Sleep Treatment Anyway! The Benefits of Behavioral Treatments for Insomnia Despite Pain Symptoms". SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (1 de mayo de 2023): A183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0414.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep-related problems and pain affect millions of U.S. adults. Sleep-focused interventions improve both sleep and pain-related outcomes. However, pain can be a barrier to insomnia care due to perceptions that insomnia treatment may not be as effective in the presence of ongoing pain. This study evaluated whether pain severity and pain interference in daily life moderate the effects of behavioral treatments for insomnia on sleep outcomes (e.g., insomnia symptoms, perceived sleep quality, sleep effort, daytime sleepiness). Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted on a sample of 149 women veterans with insomnia disorder who completed either Cognitive Behavior Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) or Acceptance and Behavioral Changes to treat Insomnia (ABC-I) treatment, both of which showed overall benefit in treating insomnia in women veterans. In the original study, sleep outcomes (ISI, PSQI, GSES, ESS), pain factors (BPI), and other outcomes were measured at baseline, posttreatment, and at 3-months follow-up. Linear and quadratic mixed effects models with random intercepts (subject-level) were conducted to examine the influence of treatment phase, pain-related severity and interference, and their interaction on sleep outcomes. Results All models were statistically significant (92.13≤Χ2≤519.55). No significant interactions were present between treatment phase and pain severity or interference in relation to sleep outcomes. Across analyses, treatment phase, both from baseline to posttreatment (-2.22≤b≤-8.31, p<.001) and from baseline to 3-month follow-up (-2.67≤b≤-8.17, p<.001), illustrated significant improvement of sleep quality outcomes. Conclusion Neither pain severity nor pain interference had a significant impact on outcomes of behavioral treatments for insomnia in women veterans. Findings have clinical implications in that they support the encouragement of individuals with co-morbid chronic pain and insomnia symptoms to engage in non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia disorder. Future research could expand on this study by including pain-related interventions concurrent with behavioral interventions for insomnia disorder. Support (if any) Data used was from an original project funded by VA/HSR&D IIR-HX002300 (PI: Martin), NIH/NHLBI K24HL143055 (PI: Martin). Dr. Erickson was supported by the VA Office of Academic Affiliations through the Advanced Fellowship Program in Geriatrics. Support was also provided by the VA Greater Los Angeles Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center.

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Office, Editorial. "Medical researchers unite for study on cancer intervention". Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2016): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i4.158.

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We introduce Drs. Antoine Snijders and Jian-Hua Mao, whose article is published in this issue of AMOR and discuss their views on cancer genetics, targeted therapy, and personalized medicine. Having worked together in numerous joint investigations that have yielded significant results, Dr. Snijders and Dr. Mao would most definitely agree that two heads are better than one. “Researchers these days need to have the ability to collaborate across many different disciplines,” said the duo in an exclusive interview with AMOR. Dr. Snijders and Dr. Mao, both with PhDs in cancer genetics and genomics, are currently based at the Biological Systems and Engineering Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, which is a member of the national laboratory system supported by the U.S Department of Energy through its Office of Science. The Berkeley Lab is well known for producing excellent scholars, as thirteen Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Lab and seventy of its scientists are members of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), one of the highest honors for a scientist in the United States. Dr. Snijders, a Dutch who has conducted his research at Berkeley Lab for the past eight years, did his Masters in Science (Medical Biology) at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands – an institute with a strong focus on scientific research and is home to five Spinoza Prize (a.k.a. the “Dutch Nobel”) winners. Dr. Snijders’s PhD (cum laude) in cancer and molecular biology was awarded by University Utrecht in Netherlands, but his research work was carried out at the University of California San Francisco. Subsequently, he continued his postdoctoral research in molecular cytogenetics at the same institution. A prolific author of 114 publications (with 3,851 citations) according to ResearchGate, Dr. Snijders – who also volunteers with California’s Contra Costa County Search and Rescue team for missing persons – has interests in the areas of molecular biology, cell biology, and cancer research. Some of the awards received by Dr. Snijders include the prestigious President’s Award for Excellence and the Student Travel Award at the 2014’s XXII International Congress of the International Society for Analytical Cytology in Montpellier, France. He was also the co-recipient of the AACR Team Science Award for the conception, technical implementation, dissemination, and pioneering applications of an array comparative genomic hybridization technique from the American Association of Cancer Research in 2008. Meanwhile, Dr. Mao studied applied mathematics at Southeast University, Nanjing, China, and pursued his masters in biostatistics and cancer epidemiology at Beijing Medical University (now Peking University Health Science Center). In 1988, Dr. Mao received the Outstanding Postgraduate Award from Beijing Medical University and two years later, was awarded an Outstanding Lecturer Award from the same university. He then pursued his PhD in cancer genetics at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Glasgow, UK. During this period, Dr. Mao was awarded the Oversea Research Student Awards from the Committee of Vice-Chancellor and Principals of the Universities of the United Kingdom, along with the Glasgow University Travel fellowship. Dr. Snijders and Dr. Mao joined Berkeley Lab in 2008 as resident scientist and genetic staff scientist, respectively, where their work focuses on using the multi-omics approach to identify critical genes as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. “At the same time, we investigate underlying biological mechanisms and functions using different model systems, including genetically engineered mouse models,” they told AMOR. “Mouse models offer many advantages for the study of the genetic basis of complex traits, including radiation-induced cancers, because of our ability to control both the genetic and environmental components of risk. The goal is the understanding of all stages of multi-step carcinogenesis in the mouse, in particular the relationships between germ line predisposition and somatic genetic changes in tumors.” explained Dr. Mao in a news feature released by Berkeley Lab. “The identification of human homologues of these predisposition genes and the discovery of their roles in carcinogenesis will ultimately be important for the development of methods for the prediction of risk, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy for human cancers,” he further added. “Although targeted therapy has given hope to patients, drug resistance usually takes place within short time. We need to figure out a way to combine multiple targeted therapies to treat patient s and somehow circumvent drug resistance to cure cancer.” Both scientists confessed to having a deep interest in the biology of cancer, which motivates them to focus their efforts in developing therapeutics as cancer intervention. However, they are sometimes subdued by numerous challenges in their research works, namely the heterogeneity and complexity of the tumors, which make it difficult to successfully treat patients. In addition, they highlighted a common challenge in their field, which also happens to be one of the main concerns for a majority of cancer researchers all over the world – lack of funding for research. “It remains challenging to obtain sufficient funds to do the research we believe is important,” they said. When asked for their opinion of targeted therapy, which is a growing part of many cancer treatment regimens, both scientists claimed, “Although targeted therapy has given hope to patients, drug resistance usually takes place within a short time. We need to figure out a way to combine multiple targeted therapies to treat patients and somehow circumvent drug resistance to cure cancer.” For researchers who are studying the biology of cancer, Dr. Snijders and Dr. Mao believe that they should ideally take into account individual genetic variation and environmental factors to study human’s susceptibility to complex diseases. This would in turn allow the researchers to execute personalized medicine in a clinical setting. “In the future, we envision an increase in disease treatment and prevention that take into account the individual genetic variation,” they concluded. <hr />Drs. Antoine Snijders and Jian-Hua Mao publish their work entitled “Multi-omics approach to infer cancer therapeutic targets on chromosome 20q across tumor types” in this issue of AMOR (page 215–223).

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Nadarajah, R. N. Sugitha. "Combating cancer one step at a time". Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, n.º 5 (29 de octubre de 2016): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i5.179.

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"I graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University,” says the oncologist, who completed his Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 2005 and is now working at the same university as a lecturer in clinical oncology. Ain Shams University, originally known as ‘Ibrahim Pasha’s University’ prides itself in being the third higher education institution to be founded in Egypt. It has produced famous alumni that include current acting Egyptian Prime Minister Sherif Ismail Mohamed and former Egyptian Prime Minister Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi, as well as the noted American modern philosopher Charles Butterworth. In 2007, Dr. Abdel-Rahman furthered his studies by pursuing a Master’s in Oncology at the same university. “I finished my training as a clinical oncologist in 2010. I was soon appointed as an assistant lecturer, before becoming a full lecturer in clinical oncology at the same institute,” he adds. Upon finishing his early stage training, he went on to pursue his PhD in the same area at his alma mater. While doing his doctorate studies, Dr. Abdel-Rah- man attended and passed the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians UK (MRCPUK) written examination. The diploma is a knowledge-based assessment for core medical training, and a successful completion of the entire three-part examination is a requirement for physicians wishing to undergo training in a medical-related specialty in the UK. Additionally, Dr. Abdel-Rahman also completed a Master’s of Advanced Oncology at Ulm University, Germany. “My interest and career goals are to improve my knowledge and understanding of clinical and translational cancer research,” says the oncologist. As every physician has his or her own reasons for choosing the field which they specialize in, AMOR’s EIC explains that he chose to hone his skills in oncology owing to the significant impact of the disease upon the general population. “Cancer is a global health problem that has widespread consequences, not only in a medical sense but also socially and economically,” says Dr. Abdel-Rahman. “We need to put in every effort to combat this fatal disease,” he adds. Tackling the spread of cancer and the increase in the number of cases reported every year is not without its challenges, he asserts. “I see the key challenges as the unequal availability of cancer treatments worldwide, the increasing cost of cancer treatment, and the increased median age of the population in many parts of the world, which carries with it a consequent increase in the risk of certain cancers,” he says. “We need to reassess the current pace and orientation of cancer research because, with time, cancer research is becoming industry-oriented rather than academia-oriented — which, in my view, could be very dangerous to the future of cancer research,” adds Dr. Abdel-Rahman. “Governments need to provide more research funding to improve the outcome of cancer patients,” he explains. His efforts and hard work have led to him receiving a number of distinguished awards, namely the UICC International Cancer Technology Transfer (ICRETT) fellowship in 2014 at the Investigational New Drugs Unit in the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; EACR travel fellowship in 2015 at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; and also several travel grants to Ireland, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, and many other countries where he attended medical conferences. Dr. Abdel-Rahman is currently engaged in a project to establish a clinical/translational cancer research center at his institute, which seeks to incorporate various cancer-related disciplines in order to produce a real bench-to-bedside practice, hoping that it would “change research that may help shape the future of cancer therapy”. Dr. Abdel-Rahman is also an active founding member of the clinical research unit at his institute and is a representative to the prestigious European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), as well as a member of EORTC breast cancer and gastro-intestinal cancer research groups. “I am the director of the largest ever multicenter Egyptian oncology study, officially titled as ESLC-1 study ‘NCT01539018’. Addi- tionally, I have co-authored more than 30 publications in the last three years in the fields of breast cancer, NSCLC, GI malignancies, as well as hematology,” says the researcher, whose books on issues relevant to oncology include ‘Exploring systemic options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma’, ‘Clinical oncology tips and tricks’, and ‘Exploring high precision radiotherapy technologies’. With regard to the continuous development of AMOR under his leadership, Dr. Abdel-Rahman says, “I am very happy with the progress of AMOR and I hope that it will continue along the same trajectory.” As the Editor-in- Chief of this journal, he has had his share of challenges during the setting up of the journal. “Of course, establishing a new journal is a big challenge, particularly in the context of the plethora of new oncology journals that arise every day,” he says. “Moreover, maintaining a mini- mum acceptable standard of research and publication quality is a difficult endeavor,” adds the oncologist. “I hope AMOR will continue as an effective platform that features important cancer-related research from all parts of the world, and the journal will continue to support high-quality research activities, particularly those from the underrepresented parts of the world,” concludes Dr. Abdel-Rahman.

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Shaffer, Nicholas, Telyn Peterson y Karen Hentschel-Franks. "1070 Awakening Insights: Increasing Sleep Medicine Education for Psychiatry Residents". SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (20 de abril de 2024): A460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01070.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep is integral to mental health. For example, it is estimated that 40 to 50% of individuals with insomnia have co-occurring mental illness. Despite this, only ~3.31% of current sleep medicine fellows enter from a psychiatry residency, ~4.89% of sleep medicine fellowship alumni are psychiatrists, and 4.25% of sleep faculty members have a psychiatry background. At the present time, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education has no curriculum requirement for sleep education within psychiatry residency programs. A past study has shown that less than 40% of psychiatry programs have faculty with training in sleep medicine. If sleep medicine is not prioritized amongst psychiatry residents, psychiatry is at risk of losing representation in the field. Methods From November to December 2023, a voluntary & anonymous online 15-minute, 32 question survey was given to psychiatry residents in the third largest psychiatry residency program in the country. The survey evaluated psychiatry residents' knowledge on guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, as well as attitudes, behaviors, and barriers towards sleep medicine. Results A total of 31 psychiatry residents completed the survey. Results show perceived and objective opportunities to improve sleep education amongst psychiatry residents. Residents demonstrated discomfort in counseling patients regarding topics including sleep related breathing disorders (43%), non-REM parasomnias (53%), and REM behavior disorders (45%). Barriers were identified regarding discussing sleep with patients included limited training (43%), lack of time (37%), and decreased prioritization (17%). Conclusion More can be done to promote sleep medication education for psychiatry residents. While analysis is ongoing, it is the hope that the results of this survey will lead to the development of applicable curricula with expected completion within 12 months. We anticipate identifying specific educational needs to inform the development of a standardized sleep medicine training protocol for residents in hopes of increasing the number of psychiatry residents willing to consider sleep medicine as a possible future career. With research establishing a bidirectional relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders, it is imperative that curricular improvements are targeted, so that psychiatrists can continue to contribute to the field of sleep medicine. Support (if any) UT Health San Antonio Department of Psychiatry

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Gardner, Mike, Sasha Shepperd, Mary Godfrey, Petra Mäkelä, Apostolos Tsiachristas, Amina Singh-Mehta, Graham Ellis et al. "Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in hospital and hospital-at-home settings: a mixed-methods study". Health Services and Delivery Research 7, n.º 10 (marzo de 2019): 1–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07100.

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BackgroundThe Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidisciplinary process that determines a frail older person’s medical, functional, psychological and social capability to ensure that they have a co-ordinated plan for treatment and follow-up.ObjectivesTo improve our understanding of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of the CGA across hospital and hospital-at-home settings.MethodsWe used a variety of methods. We updated a Cochrane review of randomised trials of the CGA in hospital for older people aged ≥ 65 years, conducted a national survey of community CGA, analysed data from three health boards using propensity score matching (PSM) and regression analysis, conducted a qualitative study and used a modified Delphi method.ResultsWe included 29 trials recruiting 13,766 participants in the Cochrane review of the CGA. Older people admitted to hospital who receive the CGA are more likely to be living at home at 3–12 months’ follow-up [relative risk (RR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.10] (high certainty). The probability that the CGA would be cost-effective at a £20,000 ceiling ratio for quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), life-years (LYs) and LYs living at home was 0.50, 0.89, and 0.47, respectively (low-certainty evidence). After PSM and regression analysis comparing CGA hospital with CGA hospital at home, we found that the health-care cost (from admission to 6 months after discharge) in site 1 was lower in hospital at home (ratio of means 0.82, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.89), in site 2 there was little difference (ratio of means 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.09) and in site 3 it was higher (ratio of means 1.15, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.33). Six months after discharge (excluding the index admission), the ratio of means cost in site 1 was 1.27 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.41), in site 2 was 1.09 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.24) and in site 3 was 1.70 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.07). At 6 months’ follow-up (excluding the index admission), there may be an increased risk of mortality (adjusted) in the three hospital-at-home cohorts (site 1: RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.19; site 2: RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.44; site 3: RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.54). The qualitative research indicates the importance of relational aspects of health care, incorporating caregivers’ knowledge in care planning, and a lack of clarity about the end of an episode of health care. Core components that should be included in CGA focus on functional, physical and mental well-being, medication review and a caregiver’s ability to care.LimitationsThe risk of residual confounding limits the certainty of the findings from the PSM analysis; a second major limitation is that the research plan did not include an investigation of social care or primary care.ConclusionsThe CGA is an effective way to organise health care for older people in hospital and may lead to a small increase in costs. There may be an increase in cost and the risk of mortality in the population who received the CGA hospital at home compared with those who received the CGA in hospital; randomised evidence is required to confirm or refute this. Caregiver involvement in the CGA process could be strengthened.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

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MD Yusof, M. Y., J. Robinson, V. Davies, D. Wild, M. Morgan, J. Taylor, Y. El-Sherbiny et al. "OP0190 COMPREHENSIVE GENETIC AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF Fc GAMMA RECEPTORS EXPLAIN RESPONSE TO RITUXIMAB THERAPY FOR AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 de mayo de 2022): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2615.

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BackgroundRituximab is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but clinical response varies. Efficacy is determined by the efficiency of depletion, which may depend on a variety of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-dependent mechanisms. Previous research was limited by complexity of the FCGR locus, not integrating copy number variation with functional SNP, and small sample size.ObjectivesThe study objectives were to assess the effect of the full range of FcγRs variants on depletion, clinical response and functional effect on NK-cell-mediated killing in two rheumatic diseases with a view to personalised B-cell depleting therapies.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 873 patients [RA=611; SLE=262] from four cohorts (BSRBR-RA and BILAG-BR registries, Leeds RA and Leeds SLE Biologics). For RA, the outcome measures were 3C-DAS28CRP and 2C-DAS28CRP at 6 (+/-3) months post-rituximab (adjusted for baseline DAS28). For SLE, major clinical response (MCR) was defined as improvement of active BILAG-2004 domains to grade C/better at 6 months. B-cell depletion was evaluated by highly-sensitive flow cytometry. Qualitative and quantitative polymorphisms for five major FcγRs were measured using a commercial multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Median NK cell FcγRIIIa expression (CD3-CD56+CD16+) and NK-cell degranulation (CD107a) in the presence of rituximab-coated Daudi/Raji B-cell lines were assessed using flow cytometry.ResultsIn RA, for FCGR3A, carriage of V allele (coefficient -0.25 (SE 0.11); p=0.02) and increased copies of V allele (-0.20 (0.09); p=0.02) were associated with greater 2C-DAS28 response. Irrespective of FCGR3A genotype, increased gene copies were associated with a better response. In SLE, 177/262 (67.6%) achieved BILAG response [MCR=34.4%; Partial=33.2%]. MCR was associated with increased copies of FCGR3A-158V allele, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.12-2.41) and FCGR2C-ORF allele 1.93 (1.09-3.40). Of patients with B-cells data in the combined cohort, 236/413 (57%) achieved complete depletion post-rituximab. Only homozygosity for FCGR3A-158V and increased FCGR3A-158V copy number were associated with increased odds of complete depletion. Patients with complete depletion had higher NK cell FcγRIIIa expression at rituximab initiation than those with incomplete depletion (p=0.04) and this higher expression was associated with improved EULAR response in RA. Moreover, for FCGR3A, degranulation activity was increased in V allele carriers vs FF genotype in the combined cohort; p=0.02.ConclusionFcγRIIIa is the major low affinity FcγR and increased copies of the FCGR3A-158V allele, encoding the allotype with a higher affinity for IgG1, was associated with clinical and biological responses to rituximab in two autoimmune diseases. This was supported by functional data on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In SLE, increased copies of the FCGR2C-ORF allele was also associated with improved response. Our findings indicate that enhancing FcγR-effector functions could improve the next generation of CD20-depleting therapies and genotyping could stratify patients for optimal treatment protocols.ReferencesNoneAcknowledgementsThis research was funded/supported by the joint funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and Versus Arthritis of MATURA (grant codes 36661 and MR/K015346/1). MASTERPLANS was funded by the MRC (grant code MR/M01665X/1). The Leeds Biologics Cohort was part funded by programme grants from Versus Arthritis (grant codes 18475 and 18387), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Diagnostic Evaluation Co-operative and the Ann Wilks Charitable Foundation. The BILAG-BR has received funding support from Lupus UK, and unrestricted grants from Roche and GSK.The functional studies were in part supported through a NIHR/HEFCE Clinical Senior Lectureship and a Versus Arthritis Foundation Fellowship (grant code 19764) to AWM, the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund to JIR and MYMY (204825/Z/16/Z), NIHR Doctoral Research Fellowship to MYMY (DRF-2014-07-155) and NIHR Clinician Scientist to EMV (CS-2013-13-032). . AWM, INB, JDI and PE were supported by NIHR Senior Investigator awards. Work in JDI’s laboratory is supported by the NIHR Newcastle BRC, the Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, and Rheuma Tolerance for Cure (European Union Innovative Medicines Initiative 2, grant number 777357). INB is funded by the NIHR Manchester BRC.This article/paper/report presents independent research funded/supported by the NIHR Leeds BRC and the NIHR Guy’s and St Thomas’ BRC. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.Disclosure of InterestsMd Yuzaiful Md Yusof: None declared, James Robinson: None declared, Vinny Davies: None declared, Dawn Wild: None declared, Michael Morgan: None declared, John Taylor: None declared, Yasser El-Sherbiny: None declared, David Morris: None declared, Lu Liu: None declared, Andrew Rawstron: None declared, Maya H Buch: None declared, Darren Plant: None declared, Heather Cordell: None declared, John Isaacs: None declared, Ian N. Bruce: None declared, Paul Emery Speakers bureau: Roche, Consultant of: Roche, Grant/research support from: Roche, Anne Barton: None declared, Timothy Vyse: None declared, Jennifer Barrett: None declared, Edward Vital Consultant of: Roche, Grant/research support from: Roche, Ann Morgan Speakers bureau: Roche/Chugai, Consultant of: GSK, Roche, Chugai, AstraZeneka, Regeneron, Sanofi, Vifor, Grant/research support from: Roche, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals

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Holness, Dave. "Improving Access to Justice through Law Graduate Post-Study Community Service in South Africa". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (16 de enero de 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a5968.

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Access to justice for all in South Africa, as most clearly set out in sections 34 and 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is necessary to realise various other fundamental rights and to improve living standards. There are insufficient free legal services available to the indigent in South Africa, especially in civil matters, thereby often making meaningful access to justice unattainable. This study considers possible approaches, challenges and opportunities for law graduate community service in South Africa (hereinafter "community service") to expand the ambit and impact of free legal services to the indigent. This would promote the constitutional imperative of access to justice, focussing on civil matters. This study concentrates on the access to justice potential of and challenges to such community service. Such challenges will be shown to include its proper utilisation and control through the adequate supervision of graduates. This paper argues that graduate community service has the capacity to promote better access to justice and hence that steps should be taken for its introduction in some form. Community service and means for law graduates to perform this as a necessary part of vocational training before entering the legal profession are provided for in section 29 of the Legal Practice Act 28 of 2014 (LPA). But despite parts of the Act being operative, community service is neither in operation nor do regulations yet exist for its implementation. The specific vocational training element(s) for law graduates is worthy of separate study and is not the focus of this paper. Such a separate study would include opportunity creation - such as gaining the necessary practical experience and the establishment of employment opportunities - and training challenges for graduates during community service. In the pre-LPA era it would have been necessary to focus more on whether community service for law graduates should be included in legislation or not as part of graduates' vocational training and as a key component of free legal service delivery. Some such arguments are alluded to as community service has yet to be implemented and its implementation is not a fait accompli. But because it is now included in the LPA as a legal aid service delivery possibility, this study instead focusses on the need for the effective and appropriate implementation and operation of community service to turn the requirements and encouraging promise of the LPA on community service into reality. The paper explores issues such as the necessary and appropriate supervision and placement of law graduates completing community service. The research very briefly touches on whether community service would best be compulsory for graduates as part of their vocational training or merely one possible route towards admission to the legal profession. Lessons are sought for legal community service in South Africa from existing medical post-study community service schemes as to the role which such schemes have played in expanded service provision and impediments experienced in reaching such goals. These lessons are applied to proposals for the implementation and operation of law graduate community service. This study considers how community service could and should be a key component of a multi-faceted and co-ordinated approach to expand and improve free legal services for the indigent in civil matters in South Africa with its gross inequality, unemployment and poverty. For this goal to be realised, there must be mechanisms for its effective roll-out and operation.

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Trost, Barry M., Olivier Dirat, Joseph Dudash, Jr. y Erik J. Hembre. "An Asymmetric Synthesis of C-2-epi-Hygromycin A We thank the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Health, General Medical Sciences, for their generous support of our programs. O.D. thanks the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC) for a postdoctoral fellowship. Mass spectra were kindly provided by the Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of San Francisco, supported by the NIH Division of Research Resources." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40, n.º 19 (1 de octubre de 2001): 3658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20011001)40:19<3658::aid-anie3658>3.0.co;2-2.

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Brown, Louise Clare, Hashim U. Ahmed, Rita Faria, Ahmed El-Shater Bosaily, Rhian Gabe, Richard S. Kaplan, Mahesh Parmar et al. "Multiparametric MRI to improve detection of prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy alone: the PROMIS study". Health Technology Assessment 22, n.º 39 (julio de 2018): 1–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22390.

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Background Men with suspected prostate cancer usually undergo transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. TRUS-guided biopsy can cause side effects and has relatively poor diagnostic accuracy. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) used as a triage test might allow men to avoid unnecessary TRUS-guided biopsy and improve diagnostic accuracy. Objectives To (1) assess the ability of mpMRI to identify men who can safely avoid unnecessary biopsy, (2) assess the ability of the mpMRI-based pathway to improve the rate of detection of clinically significant (CS) cancer compared with TRUS-guided biopsy and (3) estimate the cost-effectiveness of a mpMRI-based diagnostic pathway. Design A validating paired-cohort study and an economic evaluation using a decision-analytic model. Setting Eleven NHS hospitals in England. Participants Men at risk of prostate cancer undergoing a first prostate biopsy. Interventions Participants underwent three tests: (1) mpMRI (the index test), (2) TRUS-guided biopsy (the current standard) and (3) template prostate mapping (TPM) biopsy (the reference test). Main outcome measures Diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI, TRUS-guided biopsy and TPM-biopsy measured by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) using primary and secondary definitions of CS cancer. The percentage of negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was used to identify men who might be able to avoid biopsy. Results Diagnostic study – a total of 740 men were registered and 576 underwent all three tests. According to TPM-biopsy, the prevalence of any cancer was 71% [95% confidence interval (CI) 67% to 75%]. The prevalence of CS cancer according to the primary definition (a Gleason score of ≥ 4 + 3 and/or cancer core length of ≥ 6 mm) was 40% (95% CI 36% to 44%). For CS cancer, TRUS-guided biopsy showed a sensitivity of 48% (95% CI 42% to 55%), specificity of 96% (95% CI 94% to 98%), PPV of 90% (95% CI 83% to 94%) and NPV of 74% (95% CI 69% to 78%). The sensitivity of mpMRI was 93% (95% CI 88% to 96%), specificity was 41% (95% CI 36% to 46%), PPV was 51% (95% CI 46% to 56%) and NPV was 89% (95% CI 83% to 94%). A negative mpMRI scan was recorded for 158 men (27%). Of these, 17 were found to have CS cancer on TPM-biopsy. Economic evaluation – the most cost-effective strategy involved testing all men with mpMRI, followed by MRI-guided TRUS-guided biopsy in those patients with suspected CS cancer, followed by rebiopsy if CS cancer was not detected. This strategy is cost-effective at the TRUS-guided biopsy definition 2 (any Gleason pattern of ≥ 4 and/or cancer core length of ≥ 4 mm), mpMRI definition 2 (lesion volume of ≥ 0.2 ml and/or Gleason score of ≥ 3 + 4) and cut-off point 2 (likely to be benign) and detects 95% (95% CI 92% to 98%) of CS cancers. The main drivers of cost-effectiveness were the unit costs of tests, the improvement in sensitivity of MRI-guided TRUS-guided biopsy compared with blind TRUS-guided biopsy and the longer-term costs and outcomes of men with cancer. Limitations The PROstate Magnetic resonance Imaging Study (PROMIS) was carried out in a selected group and excluded men with a prostate volume of > 100 ml, who are less likely to have cancer. The limitations in the economic modelling arise from the limited evidence on the long-term outcomes of men with prostate cancer and on the sensitivity of MRI-targeted repeat biopsy. Conclusions Incorporating mpMRI into the diagnostic pathway as an initial test prior to prostate biopsy may (1) reduce the proportion of men having unnecessary biopsies, (2) improve the detection of CS prostate cancer and (3) increase the cost-effectiveness of the prostate cancer diagnostic and therapeutic pathway. The PROMIS data set will be used for future research; this is likely to include modelling prognostic factors for CS cancer, optimising MRI scan sequencing and biomarker or translational research analyses using the blood and urine samples collected. Better-quality evidence on long-term outcomes in prostate cancer under the various management strategies is required to better assess cost-effectiveness. The value-of-information analysis should be developed further to assess new research to commission. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16082556 and NCT01292291. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 39. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This project was also supported and partially funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London (UCL) Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and UCL and by The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research Biomedical Research Centre and was co-ordinated by the Medical Research Council’s Clinical Trials Unit at UCL (grant code MC_UU_12023/28). It was sponsored by UCL. Funding for the additional collection of blood and urine samples for translational research was provided by Prostate Cancer UK.

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Kirchhoff, Jan H., Chaoyang Dai y Gregory C. Fu. "A Method for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Simple Alkyl Chlorides: Suzuki Reactions Catalyzed by [Pd2(dba)3]/PCy3 dba=(E,E)-dibenzylideneacetone, Cy=cyclohexyl. We thank Dr. Matthew R. Netherton for helpful discussions and Johnson Matthey Inc. for supplying palladium compounds. Support has been provided by the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (Leopoldina fellowship to J.H.K., BMBF-LPD 9901/8-48), Bristol-Myers Squibb, the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of General Medical Sciences, R01-GM62871), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship to C.D.), and Novartis. Funding for the MIT Department of Chemistry Instrumentation Facility has been provided in part by NSF CHE-9808061 and NSF DBI-9729592." Angewandte Chemie 114, n.º 11 (3 de junio de 2002): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20020603)114:11<2025::aid-ange2025>3.0.co;2-w.

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Kirchhoff, Jan H., Chaoyang Dai y Gregory C. Fu. "A Method for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Simple Alkyl Chlorides: Suzuki Reactions Catalyzed by [Pd2(dba)3]/PCy3 dba=(E,E)-dibenzylideneacetone, Cy=cyclohexyl. We thank Dr. Matthew R. Netherton for helpful discussions and Johnson Matthey Inc. for supplying palladium compounds. Support has been provided by the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (Leopoldina fellowship to J.H.K., BMBF-LPD 9901/8-48), Bristol-Myers Squibb, the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of General Medical Sciences, R01-GM62871), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship to C.D.), and Novartis. Funding for the MIT Department of Chemistry Instrumentation Facility has been provided in part by NSF CHE-9808061 and NSF DBI-9729592." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41, n.º 11 (3 de junio de 2002): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1945::aid-anie1945>3.0.co;2-7.

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Tan, Tiffany C. Y., Saabah B. Mahbub, Jared M. Campbell, Abbas Habibalahi, Carl A. Campugan, Ryan D. Rose, Darren J. X. Chow, Sanam Mustafa, Ewa M. Goldys y Kylie R. Dunning. "Non-invasive, label-free optical analysis to detect aneuploidy within the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo". Human Reproduction 37, n.º 1 (6 de noviembre de 2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab233.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Can label-free, non-invasive optical imaging by hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy discern between euploid and aneuploid cells within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse preimplantation embryo? SUMMARY ANSWER Hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy enables discrimination between euploid and aneuploid ICM in mouse embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Euploid/aneuploid mosaicism affects up to 17.3% of human blastocyst embryos with trophectoderm biopsy or spent media currently utilized to diagnose aneuploidy and mosaicism in clinical in vitro fertilization. Based on their design, these approaches will fail to diagnose the presence or proportion of aneuploid cells within the foetal lineage ICM of some blastocyst embryos. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The impact of aneuploidy on cellular autofluorescence and metabolism of primary human fibroblast cells and mouse embryos was assessed using a fluorescence microscope adapted for imaging with multiple spectral channels (hyperspectral imaging). Primary human fibroblast cells with known ploidy were subjected to hyperspectral imaging to record native cell fluorescence (4–6 independent replicates, euploid n = 467; aneuploid n = 969). For mouse embryos, blastomeres from the eight-cell stage (five independent replicates: control n = 39; reversine n = 44) and chimeric blastocysts (eight independent replicates: control n = 34; reversine n = 34; 1:1 (control:reversine) n = 30 and 1:3 (control:reversine) n = 37) were utilized for hyperspectral imaging. The ICM from control and reversine-treated embryos were mechanically dissected and their karyotype confirmed by whole genome sequencing (n = 13 euploid and n = 9 aneuploid). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Two models were employed: (i) primary human fibroblasts with known karyotype and (ii) a mouse model of embryo aneuploidy where mouse embryos were treated with reversine, a reversible spindle assembly checkpoint inhibitor, during the four- to eight-cell division. Individual blastomeres were dissociated from control and reversine-treated eight-cell embryos and either imaged directly or used to generate chimeric blastocysts with differing ratios of control:reversine-treated cells. Individual blastomeres and embryos were interrogated by hyperspectral imaging. Changes in cellular metabolism were determined by quantification of metabolic co-factors (inferred from their autofluorescence signature): NAD(P)H and flavins with the subsequent calculation of the optical redox ratio (ORR: flavins/[NAD(P)H + flavins]). Autofluorescence signals obtained from hyperspectral imaging were examined mathematically to extract features from each cell/blastomere/ICM. This was used to discriminate between different cell populations. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE An increase in the relative abundance of NAD(P)H and decrease in flavins led to a significant reduction in the ORR for aneuploid cells in primary human fibroblasts and reversine-treated mouse blastomeres (P < 0.05). Mathematical analysis of endogenous cell autofluorescence achieved separation between (i) euploid and aneuploid primary human fibroblast cells, (ii) control and reversine-treated mouse blastomeres cells, (iii) control and reversine-treated chimeric blastocysts, (iv) 1:1 and 1:3 chimeric blastocysts and (v) confirmed euploid and aneuploid ICM from mouse blastocysts. The accuracy of these separations was supported by receiver operating characteristic curves with areas under the curve of 0.97, 0.99, 0.87, 0.88 and 0.93, respectively. We believe that the role of chance is low as mathematical features separated euploid from aneuploid in both human fibroblasts and ICM of mouse blastocysts. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although we were able to discriminate between euploid and aneuploid ICM in mouse blastocysts, confirmation of this approach in human embryos is required. While we show this approach is safe in mouse, further validation is required in large animal species prior to implementation in a clinical setting. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We have developed an original, accurate and non-invasive optical approach to assess aneuploidy within the ICM of mouse embryos in the absence of fluorescent tags. Hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging was able to discriminate between euploid and aneuploid human fibroblast and mouse blastocysts (ICM). This approach may potentially lead to a new diagnostic for embryo analysis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) K.R.D. is supported by a Mid-Career Fellowship from the Hospital Research Foundation (C-MCF-58-2019). This study was funded by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics (CE140100003) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (APP2003786). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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Barsoum, Rashad S. "The story of the African Association of Nephrology (AFRAN)". African Journal of Nephrology 20, n.º 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21804/20-1-1650.

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The African Association of Nephrology was founded in Cairo on 28 February 1987, during the ISN-sponsored “African Kidney and Electrolytes Conference”, being hosted and co-sponsored by the Egyptian Society of Nephrology. Twenty-five physicians interested in kidney disease, from 13 African countries, constituted the core assembly that selected a steering committee composed of five members, representing the five geographical zones in Africa. The committee proposed the name the African Association of Nephrology (AFRAN), approved its logo, defined its mission, and drafted its constitution. All were ratified at the first General Assembly meeting held in London in July of the same year. The steering committee was re-elected to continue as the Executive Committee for the first cycle and mandated to set the scene for future meetings, publications and programmes. AFRAN congresses have been held regularly ever since, triennially for three cycles, then biennially with a few exceptions. Scientific meetings including Continuing Medical Education activities and hands-on workshops addressing local kidney and electrolyte disorders, have been held in most African countries, with generous logistical and financial support by the International Society of Nephrology (ISN). The abstracts of the first congress were published in Kidney International. Meeting proceedings were usually distributed by hand, thanks to representatives of pharmaceutical companies in the various African countries. A quarterly newsletter was edited and published in the Sudan, upgraded to a journal (the African Journal of Nephrology) in 1997 and self-published from Egypt until the editorial office moved to South Africa in 2012. A registry of nephrologists and dialysis units in Africa was compiled and published from Algeria in 1989, then updated in the Sudan a few years later. More recently, an African Renal Registry was established, now hosted in South Africa. Numerous fellowships were offered by the better-off countries to their emerging neighbours, being sponsored by international organizations, mainly the ISN. Joint research has been conducted mainly through these fellowships. By its 10th birthday, AFRAN had encompassed all African countries, to become the official pan-African federation of national renal societies. The ISN initiatives for supporting the developing world, originally operated under the umbrella of the Commission for the Global Advancement of Nephrology (COMGAN), were instrumental in supporting AFRAN’s foundation and sustainability. Besides the ISN, AFRAN became affiliated to many other regional and all national societies of nephrology, which qualified it to serve as the principal liaison between African nephrology and that in the rest of the world.

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Omer, Wafa. "Level-8 Ph.D. Programs In Medical Sciences: High Time For The Higher Education Commission (HEC) Of Pakistan To Establish A Medical Wing". Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 28, n.º 1 (3 de abril de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v28i1.2577.

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Medical Universities in Pakistan are growing in number at a fast pace. According to the database of the Pakistan Medical Commission 2021, at present Pakistan is home to 224 million people, 30 medical universities, and 176 public and private sector medical and dental schools.1 Most of these medical colleges have now transformed into autonomous medical universities while some remain affiliated with renowned medical universities.2 Some of the relatively newer medical universities in Punjab are Rawalpindi Medical University, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, King Edward Medical University, Nishtar Medical University and National University of Medical Sciences. The medical universities in Pakistan have started launching PhD programs in Basic and Diagnostic Medical Sciences and the trend towards opting for these prestigious programs is on the rise amongst the young physicians.3 The subjects being offered for pursuing PhD in the medical sciences by most of the medical universities across Pakistan are Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Chemical Pathology, Haematology, Microbiology, Histopathology and Community Medicine. These degrees are full-time on-campus programs and face-to-face learning during the course is essential. The PhD trainees enrolled across all fields of Pathology are deputed in the diagnostic medical laboratories of the affiliated hospitals and are involved in clinical diagnostic work along with research. Doctors pursuing PhD degrees in other disciplines of Medicine are also given clinical exposure in the affiliated hospitals as they are already licensed medical practitioners and most of their research work is based on clinical scenarios.4 Since PhD in Basic and Diagnostic Medical Sciences has recently gained popularity amongst doctors who were previously primarily opting for fellowships and diplomas, therefore the program is still in its juvenile stages and the PhD policies and regulations are in the process of being compiled. The National Academy of Higher Education (NAHE) is organising master trainer programs for PhD supervisors across Pakistan but the representation of supervisors with both MBBS and PhD in these cohorts is scarce. The competency framework that is being developed for the PhD trainees across Pakistan is not tailored according to the needs of the practising physicians opting for a PhD in Medical Sciences across Pakistan.5 PhD in Urdu language, Agriculture Poultry science, biological sciences or other non-medical fields cannot have the same competency framework as that for medical professionals who are involved in diagnostic and clinical work in the hospitals along with research dealing with human subjects and patients. A physician cannot be asked to opt out of clinical setups and hospitals upon completion of a PhD degree labelling it as an academic or research degree because the doctors who are opting for this level-8 degree are primarily physicians and they cannot be detached from the clinical environment. However, developing a proper competency framework with the inclusion of clinical modules uniformly across all these fields can improve the quality and ensure standardisation across all disciplines in Medical and Diagnostic Sciences. A medical doctor cannot be an Academician, researcher, or clinician individually as the practising physician has to work across all these domains at the same time during his tenure in a medical setup.6 The PhD programs in Basic and Diagnostic Medical Sciences in Medical Universities are governed by regulations formulated by both HEC and PMDC and not HEC alone. PhD according to HEC is classified as a Level-8 qualification7 and according to PM&DC, it is categorised as a Level-III qualification.8 There is a clear document given by HEC stating the requirements to be fulfilled by a Degree Awarding Institute to be given an NOC for starting a PhD program. This document is generalised and not specific to Medical Universities. PM&DC on the other hand has also laid down a clear charter for obtaining recognition of any PG program which is to be started in a Medical University which is exclusively formulated for Medical Degree awarding Institutes. HEC has recently emphasized repeatedly that a PhD program launched in a Medical University must be accredited by the governing council in this case being the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. Challenges: The problem which is now being faced by the physicians opting for PhD in Basic and Diagnostic Medical Sciences is the lack of availability of standardised regulations which are acceptable to both HEC and PMDC. PMDC requires that the supervisor of a PhD in medical sciences should possess an MBBS degree along with a PhD in the respective subject. This is because the clinical correlation that is required for teaching these subjects to medical practitioners is only possible if the supervisor possesses an MBBS degree along with a PhD in the respective subject. The co-supervisor however may be non-medical as per need of the PhD research project. HEC has not laid down any guidelines in this regard and the supervisorship criteria remain generalised across all disciplines whether medical or non-medical. Moreover, as per PMDC policy, only a PhD degree in medical sciences from a Medical University will be recognised and endorsed on the medical practitioner's license and that from a non-medical university will not be given due recognition, HEC on the other hand recognises both. It is of utmost importance that the PhD degree obtained by physicians in Medical Sciences must be recognised by both HEC and PMDC for them to practice in their respective fields and to apply for jobs abroad. PhD in medical sciences is relatively a newer domain as the trainee practices both as a physician and a researcher and requires expertise accordingly, therefore the curriculum and the competency framework for this degree require special attention by the regulatory bodies. Recently, a law which was passed by the regulatory body stated that a PhD degree is valid only in Basic and Diagnostic Medical Sciences and not in Clinical Sciences.9 Also, it stated that PhD degree holders should hold academic and research posts while doctors having fellowships and diplomas should be considered eligible for Clinical and Academic posts. How can a clinician not be a researcher considering the pace at which the global medical community and advancements in medical science are progressing and how can a practising physician bid farewell to clinical practice just because he is labelled to be a researcher only? Last but not least another major problem that is being faced by the post-graduate trainees during their studies is that the list of approved journals on the website of HEC differs from those which are approved or recognised by PMDC leading to further mayhem as the trainees remain in a state of uncertainty when it comes to publishing their research work.10,11 Recommendations: What is the way forward? It’s simple! The dire need of the hour is to encourage doctors to opt for specialization may it be PhD, Fellowship or MD/MS and the curriculum should be modified in a way to produce a multifaceted doctor who is an Academician, Researcher and clinician without restricting or creating undue hinderances in the progression of the medical community. Knowledge and skill in any form if planned according to a proper framework will always be beneficial for the community at large and in a country like Pakistan where we have a dire shortage of resources and manpower we should aim towards producing multifaceted doctors rather than restricting their field of expertise and limiting the available options for them to excel in their respective Medical Sciences fields. It is high time for HEC to establish a medical wing that is run by medical doctors possessing PhD in Medical Sciences so that they can work in close liaison with PMDC and develop standardised policies, guidelines and competency framework and save the doctors from undue stress after obtaining the PhD degree in medical sciences. PhD is one of the highest and most prestigious degrees in the country and even though a student’s primary aim must be to gain knowledge in his field at the same time it should be in line with the guidelines of the regulatory authorities and all regulatory authorities should devise uniform guidelines so that the student does not have to face any problem while applying for a job or being promoted. A student can excel and advance his knowledge only once the physiological needs are fulfilled according to Maslow’s theory; so the need to have a stable job and earn respectably cannot be ignored saying that knowledge alone is sufficient. Conclusion: Summing up the discussion I would conclude by stating that some of the important reasons for establishing a Medical wing in the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan are: To develop a comprehensive competency framework tailored according to the needs of the healthcare institutions and the expertise of the medical physicians opting for level-8 degrees. To build up a strong liaison and collaboration between HEC and PM&DC for devising uniform policies across all disciplines of Medical Sciences. To assess the demand for healthcare professionals doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers in Pakistan. Evaluate the accessibility of medical education in the country. If there are limited medical schools or if access is restricted then creating a medical wing within higher education institutions can help address this issue. To align the policies with the national health priorities and goals set by the government to focus on which area of healthcare the healthcare professionals need to be trained more. To improve and create opportunities for collaboration between existing healthcare institutions to enhance the practical training and clinical exposure for post-graduate medical students. To analyze the market demand for specialized medical programs. If there is a demand for niche areas of healthcare, such as public health, medical research, or specialized medical fields, a medical wing could cater to these needs.

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Cocchi, Massimo, Lucio Tonello y Fabio Gabrielli. "Molecular contiguity between man and animal: the cutting-edge studies carried out by Paolo Sotgiu Institute, L.U.de.S. University, Lugano, Switzerland". Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 87, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2014.2126.

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Recent research on the contiguity between man and animal provides strong evidence for the studies carried out by Paolo Sotgiu Institute for Research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology, L.U.de.S. University, Lugano, Switzerland, in collaboration with the Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy. The works, co- ordinated by Prof. Massimo Cocchi – Paolo Sotgiu Institute Scientific Director – have underlined this continuity, especially as to the relationship between man and dog, not only from an evolutionary point of view, but rather from a molecular perspective.

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Osabutey, Anita, Yetunde A. Fatade, Oreoluwa Olakunle, Tre'Cherie A. Crumbs, Martin L. Campbell, Chidi Amah, Allen Sanyi et al. "Abstract 17730: Facilitated Peer Mentoring: A Novel Model for Promoting Equitable and Inclusive Mentoring for Underrepresented Trainees in Academic Medicine". Circulation 148, Suppl_1 (7 de noviembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.17730.

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Introduction: Underrepresented minoritized(URM) cardiologists represent less than 8% of the US cardiology workforce. A positive role model, access to mentorship, and a diverse workforce influences the choice of cardiology as a subspecialty. Recognizing this, we established a novel facilitated peer-mentoring research group, the “Ogunniyi Research Group (ORG),” with the goal of creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment for trainees to develop cardiovascular research proficiencies. Methods: Our team consists of a lead mentor(cardiologist), 2 co-facilitators(cardiology fellows), and 4 resident-led teams of medical students and residents(Figure 1). Our mission is to advance cardiovascular health and equity through research, advocacy, and service; built on core pillars of mentorship, scholarship, leadership, community, and service. Mentees complete an individual development plan and meet regularly with the lead mentor to ensure milestones are met. Teams engage in research and quality improvement projects, which are reviewed at virtual monthly meetings. Quarterly academic medicine research seminars focus on building research skills. Results: 26 trainees participated during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 academic year. Most trainees (>95%) self-identified as Black, with equal sex representation. Major accomplishments include >16 abstracts presented at conferences, co-authorship on >10 publications, and several prestigious awards, grants, honors, and scholarships. 4 team members were selected as chief medical residents. To date, we have secured 100% residency and cardiology fellowship match rate. Conclusion: Our novel, multilevel, facilitated peer mentoring group has increased access to research and professional development opportunities, especially for URM trainees interested in cardiology. The ORG can serve as a model sustainable pathway for equitable mentorship, promoting diversity and inclusion in the cardiology workforce.

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Sikaala, Chadwick H., Bongani Dlamini, Alphart Lungu, Phelele Fakudze, Mukosha Chisenga, Chishala Lukwesa Siame, Nyasha Mwendera, Dumisani Shaba, John M. Chimumbwa y Immo Kleinschmidt. "Malaria elimination and the need for intensive inter-country cooperation. a critical evaluation of regional technical co-operation in Southern Africa". Malaria Journal 23, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04891-5.

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Abstract Background Malaria elimination requires closely co-ordinated action between neighbouring countries. In Southern Africa several countries have reduced malaria to low levels, but the goal of elimination has eluded them thus far. The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Malaria Elimination Eight (E8) initiative was established in 2009 between Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe to coordinate malaria interventions aiming to eliminate malaria by 2030. Cross-border coordination is important in malaria elimination settings as it strengthens surveillance, joint planning and implementation, knowledge exchange and optimal use of resources. This paper describes how this collaboration is realized in practice, its achievements and challenges, and its significance for malaria elimination prospects. Methods The ministers of health of the E8 countries oversee an intergovernmental technical committee supported by specialist working groups consisting of technical personnel from member countries and partner institutions. These technical working groups are responsible for malaria elimination initiatives in key focus areas such as surveillance, vector control, diagnosis, case management, behaviour change and applied research. The technical working groups have initiated and guided several collaborative projects which lay essential groundwork for malaria elimination. Results The E8 collaboration has yielded achievements in the following key areas. (1) Establishment and evaluation of malaria border health posts to improve malaria services in border areas and reduce malaria among resident and, mobile and migrant populations. (2) The development of a regional malaria microscopy slide bank providing materials for diagnostic training and proficiency testing. (3) A facility for regional external competency assessment and training of malaria microscopy trainers in collaboration with the World Health Organization. (4) Entomology fellowships that improved capacity in entomological surveillance; an indoor residual spraying (IRS) training of trainers’ scheme to enhance the quality of this core intervention in the region. (5) Capacity development for regional malaria parasite genomic surveillance. (6) A mechanism for early detection of malaria outbreak through near real time reporting and a quarterly bulletins of malaria incidence in border districts. Conclusions The E8 technical working groups system embodies inter-country collaboration of malaria control and elimination activities. It facilitates sustained interaction between countries through a regional approach. The groundwork for elimination has been laid, but the challenge will be to maintain funding for collaboration at this level whilst reducing reliance on international donors and to build capacities necessary to prepare for malaria elimination.

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Kriščiūnas, Aleksandras. "Research in Rehabilitation". Reabilitacijos mokslai: slauga, kineziterapija, ergoterapija 1, n.º 1 (19 de febrero de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/rmske.v1i1.887.

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The paper deals with applying principles of evidence-based medicine in performance of research studies in rehabilitation, its requirements for the researchers. It is emphasized that research in rehabilitation is characterized by unique features as its results depend on many factors: medical, social, technical, economical. The significance of qualitative and quantitative investigations is emphasized in the evidence practice. It is shown that evaluation of clinical efficacy of the physical factors is possible when the method and area of application, the power of the factors, dosage, the number of the application sessions per week, and the duration of treatment are known. The purpose of this article was to review scientific research carried out in rehabilitation, and emphasize their significance on the final results of rehabilitation. In 1969 WHO experts defined rehabilitation as “the combined and co-ordinated use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and re-training the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability”. To achieve this purpose, specialists of rehabilitation team must use scientific methods, technologies, and means. Important decision evaluating after-effects of diseases, traumas and disabilities at bio-psychosocial point of view was made in 2001 by WHO after adaptation of the “International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health”. Definition such as “Evidence-based medicine” is defined as one of most important area of the development of medicine. It outspread quickly in the world of medicine, but now more often was changed to a more comprehensive term as “Evidencebased practice”. Evidence-based practice involves scientific information and information received from patients and their family members. In this way it is possible to get scientific evidence from a vast number of scientific studies from all over the world. Scientific studies in rehabilitation are unique because they depend on many factors: medical, technical, social, and economical. The paper emphasizes the significance of qualitative and quantitative studies in the practice of evidence-based medicine. It should be noted that evaluation of clinical effectiveness of physical factors is explicable when the method and area of application, the power of the factor, dosage, the number of the application sessions per week, and the duration of treatment are known. Evidence-based medicine is important for all rehabilitation specialists and team members. In practice we can prove effectiveness of rehabilitation methods and means by applying principles of evidence-based medicine correctly.Keywords: rehabilitation, evidence-based medicine, research.

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Ross Stewart, Katherine M., Sophie L. Walker, Andrew H. Baker, Paul R. Riley y Mairi Brittan. "Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery". Cardiovascular Research, 23 de julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab214.

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Abstract While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.

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50

Donnelly, Nicholas A., Ullrich Bartsch, Hayley A. Moulding, Christopher Eaton, Hugh Marston, Jessica E. Hall, Jeremy Hall, Michael J. Owen, Marianne BM van den Bree y Matt W. Jones. "Sleep EEG in young people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a cross-sectional study of slow-waves, spindles and correlations with memory and neurodevelopmental symptoms". eLife 11 (30 de agosto de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.75482.

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Background: Young people living with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) are at increased risk of schizophrenia, intellectual disability, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In common with these conditions, 22q11.2DS is also associated with sleep problems. We investigated whether abnormal sleep or sleep-dependent network activity in 22q11.2DS reflects convergent, early signatures of neural circuit disruption also evident in associated neurodevelopmental conditions.Methods: In a cross-sectional design, we recorded high-density sleep EEG in young people (6-20 years) with 22q11.2DS (n=28) and their unaffected siblings (n=17), quantifying associations between sleep architecture, EEG oscillations (spindles and slow waves) and psychiatric symptoms. We also measured performance on a memory task before and after sleep.Results: 22q11.2DS was associated with significant alterations in sleep architecture, including a greater proportion of N3 sleep and lower proportions of N1 and REM sleep than in siblings. During sleep, deletion carriers showed broadband increases in EEG power with increased slow-wave and spindle amplitudes, increased spindle frequency and density, and stronger coupling between spindles and slow-waves. Spindle and slow-wave amplitudes correlated positively with overnight memory in controls, but negatively in 22q11.2DS. Mediation analyses indicated that genotype effects on anxiety, ADHD and ASD were partially mediated by sleep EEG measures.Conclusions: This study provides a detailed description of sleep neurophysiology in 22q11.2DS, highlighting alterations in EEG signatures of sleep which have been previously linked to neurodevelopment, some of which were associated with psychiatric symptoms. Sleep EEG features may therefore reflect delayed or compromised neurodevelopmental processes in 22q11.2DS, which could inform our understanding of the neurobiology of this condition and be biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders.Funding: This research was funded by a Lilly Innovation Fellowship Award (UB), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 5UO1MH101724; MvdB), a Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (ISSF) award (MvdB), the Waterloo Foundation (918-1234; MvdB), the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund (2315/1; MvdB), MRC grant Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: Assessing Genomic Impact on Neurodevelopment (IMAGINE) (MR/L011166/1; JH, MvdB and MO), MRC grant Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: Assessing Genomic Impact on Neurodevelopment 2 (IMAGINE-2) (MR/T033045/1; MvdB, JH and MO); Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 'Defining Endophenotypes From Integrated Neurosciences' Wellcome Trust (100202/Z/12/Z MO, JH). NAD was supported by a National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship in Mental Health and MWJ by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science (202810/Z/16/Z). CE and HAM were supported by Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Grants (C.B.E. 1644194, H.A.M MR/K501347/1). HMM and UB were employed by Eli Lilly & Co during the study; HMM is currently an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG.

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