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Wessely, Simon y Christopher J. Wardle. "Mass Sociogenic Illness by Proxy: Parentally Reported Epidemic in an Elementary School". British Journal of Psychiatry 157, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1990): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.3.421.
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“In a cluster of illness reported among students at an elementary school parents mentioned many signs and symptoms including headache, pallor, dark circles under the eyes, nausea, and vomiting – which they attributed to exposure to recurrent leaks of natural gas at the school. It is likely that the parents spread among themselves the notion of toxic exposure at the school. A questionnaire revealed no spatial clustering, but increased reports of symptoms were related to intense media coverage. A thorough environmental and epidemiological investigation was negative, there being no evidence of a continuing gas leak or other potential causes. At a strictly biological level, the complaints in this reported ‘cluster’ apparently represented the sporadic occurrence of common childhood illnesses. The possibility of an epidemic from toxic exposure at the school caused intense parental concern and led to a major public health problem. The established term ‘mass sociogenic illness' seems inapplicable here because complaints did not come principally from the students and the apparent epidemic illness was not transmitted among them. The term ‘mass sociogenic illness by proxy’ is proposed to describe this incident, in which transmission in one group (the parents) resulted in reports of an epidemic in another group (students).”
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Stojanović, Darko, Vladimir Momčilović, Marko Zadražnik, Igor Ilić, Admira Koničanin, Johnny Padulo, Luca Russo y Toplica Stojanović. "School-Based TGfU Volleyball Intervention Improves Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Primary School Students: A Cluster-Randomized Trial". Healthcare 11, n.º 11 (30 de mayo de 2023): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111600.
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This study aimed to explore whether a 16-week Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) volleyball intervention could improve primary school students’ physical fitness and body composition. Eighty-eight primary school students (age 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were randomized to a TGfU volleyball intervention group (VG) or a control group (CG). The CG attended three regular physical education (PE) classes per week, while the VG attended two regular PE classes and a TGfU volleyball intervention that was implemented in the third PE class. Body composition components (body weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, and muscle mass percentage) and physical fitness (flexibility, vertical jumps (squat and countermovement jump—SJ/CMJ), 30 m sprint, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) assessments were performed pre-and post-intervention period. Significant interaction effects between VG and CG and pre- and post-test were found for the sum of five skinfolds (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.168), body fat % (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.200), muscle mass % (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.247), SJ (p = 0.002, ŋp2 = 0.103), CMJ (p = 0.001, ŋp2 = 0.120), 30 m sprint (p = 0.019, ŋp2 = 0.062), agility T-test (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.238), and VO2max (p < 0.0005, ŋp2 = 0.253). Further examination revealed a greater improvement among VG students compared to CG students in certain body composition and physical fitness outcomes. Implementing a TGfU volleyball intervention in the physical education curriculum appears to have effective stimuli for reducing adiposity and promoting physical fitness levels in seventh-grade primary school students.
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Yeoum, Soon Gyo. "A Relations of Bone Mass Promoting Behaviors for Prevention of Osteoporosis and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Cluster". Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 3, n.º 2 (28 de septiembre de 1997): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.1997.3.2.181.
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This study was made to suggest the nursing strategies for promoting the behaviors about bone mass health behaviors in order to prevent middle aged women's osteoporosis. This study was a descriptive-correlational design that also concerned to the types which improve bone mass promoting behaviors by inspecting patterns of health locus of control method out of recognizable variables of health improving models influencing on these bone mass promoting behaviors. For these purpose, data were collected by self reported questionnaire in middle school, from 158 women living in Seoul. The measuring tools used in this study about bone mass promoting behaviors and multidimensional health locus of control, were developed by author on the basis of literature review and analyzed by SPSS-PC window, into pearson's correlation, ANOVA, multiple regression, cluster analysis.Data was analyzed as follows.1. 6 Multidimensional health locus of control scale clusters were existed. : a)cluster I (pure internal), b)cluster II(pure chance), c) cluster III(Believer in control), d), cluster IV(Type VI), e)cluster V(yea sayer), f) cluster VI(nay sayer). There were no findings of the powerful others external cluster and double external cluster.2. The higher the value of internal health locus of control was, the better the bone mass promoting behaviors were(r=.2891, p=.00**). The higher the value of chance external health locus of control was, the worse the bone mass promoting behaviors were(r=-.1367, p=.00**).3. On the basis of these relationships, 6 clusters were significantly different in the bone mass promoting behaviors(F=2.27, p=.05*). The value of bone mass promoting behaviors was ranked the order of type VI>believer in control>pure internal>yea sayer>nay sayer>pure chance external highly.4. Bone mass promoting behaviors were not significantly different as to age.Suggestion.Based on the results from the study, I would like to make some suggestions as follows.1) To delay the loss of bone mass in middle aged women, the study on the cluster of the multidimensional health locus of control should be conducted repeatedly.2) The tool of multidimensional health locus of control should be developed through a qualitative method adjusted on Korean' health culture.
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Olofsson, Niclas y Malin Rising Holmström. "Body mass index, clusters of health behaviour among school-age children and young people in Sweden". British Journal of Child Health 2, n.º 6 (2 de diciembre de 2021): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chhe.2021.2.6.259.
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Background: A healthy lifestyle for children is important for future health. Aims: To identify temporal patterns of change in body mass index (BMI) and associated health behaviour among 6–16-year-old children and young people in Sweden. Methods: A quantitative design with longitudinal cluster analysis. Findings: School-age children and young people tended to maintain their BMI categories established at the age of 6 years or when they entered the fourth grade, and the categories were stable in age and gender over time. Conclusions: Healthy behaviours affecting BMI should be established before children begin school. Although slight changes in children's categories of BMI may occur once they reach school age, the categories established at preschool generally persist at least until the age of 16 years. Because school-age children and young people generally maintain their categories throughout their school years, early preventive work regarding BMI and health behaviour is needed with particular focus on overweight and obese children and young people.
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Tan, Choon-Hong y Benjamin List. "Cluster Preface: Asymmetric Brønsted Base Catalysis". Synlett 28, n.º 11 (20 de junio de 2017): 1270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590548.
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Choon-Hong Tan is a professor at the Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received his BSc (Hons) First Class from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and his Phd from the University of Cambridge. He underwent postdoctoral training at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University and the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School. He began his independent career at the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore in 2003. Choon Hong has focused on the development of organocatalytic Brønsted base reactions that can be catalyzed with chiral guanidines. He has also demonstrated that pentanidiums (conjugated guanidiniums) are efficient phase-transfer catalysts. Recently, he described the use of chiral organic cations such as bisguanidiniums to modulate and activate anionic metallic salts. Benjamin List has been a director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung since 2005. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1997 (Frankfurt). From 1997 until 1998 he conducted postdoctoral research at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla (USA) and became an assistant professor there in January 1999. In 2003 he joined the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. He has been an honorary professor at the University of Cologne since 2004. Ben List’s research focuses on organic synthesis and catalysis. He has contributed fundamental concepts to chemical synthesis including aminocatalysis, enamine catalysis, and asymmetric-counteranion-directed catalysis (ACDC). His latest work deals with chiral counteranions in asymmetric catalysis. This remarkably general strategy for asymmetric synthesis has recently found widespread use in organocatalysis, transition-metal catalysis, and Lewis acid catalysis.
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Sheahan, William, Roy Anderson, Kumudha Aruldas, Euripide Avokpaho, Sean Galagan, Jeanne Goodman, Parfait Houngbegnon et al. "Overestimation of school-based deworming coverage resulting from school-based reporting". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, n.º 4 (10 de abril de 2023): e0010401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010401.
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Background Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infect over 1.5 billion people globally and are associated with anemia and stunting, resulting in an annual toll of 1.9 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). School-based deworming (SBD), via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns with albendazole or mebendazole, has been recommended by the World Health Organization to reduce levels of morbidity due to STH in endemic areas. DeWorm3 is a cluster-randomized trial, conducted in three study sites in Benin, India, and Malawi, designed to assess the feasibility of interrupting STH transmission with community-wide MDA as a potential strategy to replace SBD. This analysis examines data from the DeWorm3 trial to quantify discrepancies between school-level reporting of SBD and gold standard individual-level survey reporting of SBD. Methodology/Principal findings Population-weighted averages of school-level SBD calculated at the cluster level were compared to aggregated individual-level SBD estimates to produce a Mean Squared Error (MSE) estimate for each study site. In order to estimate individual-level SBD coverage, these MSE values were applied to SBD estimates from the control arm of the DeWorm3 trial, where only school-level reporting of SBD coverage had been collected. In each study site, SBD coverage in the school-level datasets was substantially higher than that obtained from individual-level datasets, indicating possible overestimation of school-level SBD coverage. When applying observed MSE to project expected coverages in the control arm, SBD coverage dropped from 89.1% to 70.5% (p-value < 0.001) in Benin, from 97.7% to 84.5% (p-value < 0.001) in India, and from 41.5% to 37.5% (p-value < 0.001) in Malawi. Conclusions/Significance These estimates indicate that school-level SBD reporting is likely to significantly overestimate program coverage. These findings suggest that current SBD coverage estimates derived from school-based program data may substantially overestimate true pediatric deworming coverage within targeted communities. Trial registration NCT03014167.
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Webster, Collin, Diana Mîndrilă y Glenn Weaver. "Affective Learning Profiles in Compulsory High School Physical Education: An Instructional Communication Perspective". Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 32, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.1.78.
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Affective learning is a major focus of the national K-12 physical education (PE) content standards (National Association for Sport and Physical Education [NASPE, 2004]). Understanding how students might fit into different affective learning subgroups would help extend affective learning theory in PE and suggest possible intervention strategies for teachers wanting to increase students’ affective learning. The present study used cluster analysis (CA) and latent profile analysis (LPA) to develop a two-level affective learning-based typology of high school students in compulsory PE from an instructional communication perspective. The optimal classification system had ten clusters and four latent profiles. A comparison of students’ class and cluster memberships showed that the two classification procedures yielded convergent results, thus suggesting distinct affective learning profiles. Students’ demographic and biographical characteristics, including gender, race, body mass index, organized sport participation, and free time physical activity, were helpful in further characterizing each profile.
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Yamakita, Mitsuya, Daisuke Ando, Hayato Sugita, Yuka Akiyama, Miri Sato, Hiroshi Yokomichi, Kaori Yamaguchi y Zentaro Yamagata. "Koshu GRoup Activity, Active Play and Exercise (GRAPE) Study: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial Protocol of a School-Based Intervention among Japanese Children". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 7 (24 de marzo de 2021): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073351.
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School-based programmes need to be effective, easy for all, easy to perform within a short duration, and inexpensive. However, no studies have reported whether voluntarily and very short-time active play programmes contribute to improved health outcomes. This study aims to describe the GRoup activity, Active Play and Exercise (GRAPE) cluster randomised controlled trial that examined whether active play interventions of very short durations contribute to increasing physical activity (PA) and bone mass among school-aged children. The trial was conducted in 2018 from January to June, and the activity comprised ≥2 children jumping together for approximately 10 s per session, at least five times a day (approximately 1 min/day). School clusters, pair-matched as per school size (total number of children) and region, were randomly allocated to either intervention or wait-list control groups. The primary outcomes comprised objectively measured changes in PA levels (moderate-to-vigorous PA) evaluated using wrist-worn activity trackers from baseline to the one-year follow-up (six-month post-intervention follow-up) and changes in bone mass evaluated using calcaneus quantitative ultrasound parameters. This study could describe the problems and challenges in school-based PA intervention studies and present findings that could make a potentially important contribution to health education and PA promotion.
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Mykhailenko, V. y M. Blyzniuk. "Educational Cluster as a Tool for Implementation Education for Sustainable Development". Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, n.º 1 (2018): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.15.
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The world experience on educational clusters proves their applicability and efficiency. An example is the formation of educational clusters for economic education and business schools. Formation of educational clusters has become an important part of the state personnel policy of many countries of the world. Multidimensional notion of "sustainable development" in combination with a wide range of age-old target audiences requires new methodological approaches for building an open dialogue between a student and a teacher. Taking into account the complex nature of the research subject that combines social, economic and environmental dimensions of human activity, authors propose a scientific and educational cluster as an innovative form of implementation of cross-cutting education for sustainable development (ESD) in Ukraine. The role of the core formation of an educational cluster is best suited for universities that are open to innovation and new educational technologies. The new educational model is illustrated by ad hoc activity of Carpathian School held in Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk region. Target audience represented Master students of natural sciences, secondary school students, biologists and geography teachers together with civil society activists. The school organizers were "Centre for Civic Initiatives", Kosiv and Faculty of Geography of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv supported by two National Natural Parks “Hutsulshchyna” and “Vyzhnytsky”. The lecturers’ team included university professors, experts of The Regional Environmental Centre for CEE countries (REC), Hungary, the National Ecological Centre of Ukraine (NECU), leading experts of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Ukraine, employees of local museums and cultural institutions. The main goal of the School is to consider the role of civil society, local activists, entrepreneurs and authorities in building sustainable communities, to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The cluster model was tested for obtaining a professional orientation of the lyceum graduates with a strong TOT component in view of education reform "New Ukrainian School". The students were acquainted with educational materials and methodical guides of the REC multimedia toolkits "Green Package" and "Step by Step", adapted to Ukrainian needs by local experts. These materials are easily perceived by young people, Master students and senior pupils. Interactive games and dilemmas were suitable for the formation of ecologically oriented thinking and social competence of youth. The guides were also highly praised by elderly participants and recommended for training and retraining of school teachers. Interviews with the school attendees and lecturers, interviews and publications in the local mass-media showed the benefits of cluster model in comparison with traditional forms of education. The school also identified the opportunities for professional guidance, training and retraining of teachers' staff.
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Hadi, Samsul, Suyanto Suyanto y Slamet Slamet. "The accuracy aspects of publications of the Directorate of Vocational High School Development in promoting the existence of the secondary vocational education through mass media". Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan 21, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2017): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pep.v21i2.12522.
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This study is an evaluation research aimed at examining the accuracy of substances, media, and publication schedules on the publications conducted by the Directorate of Vocational High School Development. The purposes of this study are: (1) to get information about the strength and weakness of the publication contexts which has become the basis of deciding the substances, media and publication schedule through mass media in order to get the publication effective and efficient to reach every level of society; (2) to get detail information about the accuracy of the using of substances, media and audiences’ habits in the implementation phase of the publication programs of the Directorate of Vocational High School Development through mass media. This research involved vocational high school communities as the samples, including the students, teachers and parents based on the stratified-cluster sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used was the descriptive statistic technique. In general, the result of this research shows that the substances of the publication are appropriate to public’s expectation, while the use of mass media and its publication schedule are not yet fully appropriate to achieve accuracy.
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Ruggieri, Dominique G., Sarah Bauerle Bass, Mohammed Alhajji y Thomas F. Gordon. "Understanding Parents’ Perceptions of School-Based BMI Screening and BMI Report Cards Using Perceptual Mapping: Implications for School Nurses". Journal of School Nursing 36, n.º 2 (22 de julio de 2018): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518789243.
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Half of U.S. states measure students’ body mass index (BMI), with many communicating that information to parents through a “BMI report card” or notification letter. School nurses are usually responsible for implementing these programs and communicating results to parents. The purpose of this study was to understand parents’ perceptions of BMI screening programs to help inform school nurses about messages that are most helpful to use in report cards to motivate parents to follow-up with a health-care provider or to make behavioral changes for their child. Using a cluster analysis and perceptual mapping methods, a commercial marketing technique that creates three-dimensional graphic maps, we identified four unique clusters of parents based on their core attitudes and beliefs related to BMI screenings and report cards. Based on vector modeling techniques, key message strategies were developed that can be used by school nurses to enhance parent response to a BMI report card.
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McLoughlin, John Grant. "Solutions to Calendar". Mathematics Teacher 91, n.º 2 (febrero de 1998): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.91.2.0143.
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Problems 1 7 and 25, 26, and 28 are adapted from Recreational Math Problems for High School Students Book I and Book II (revised 1984). The problems were used in Wellington County (Ontario) mathematics contests and prepared for the Grand Valley Mathematics Association under the guidance of Gary Flewelling. Problems 8 13 are adapted from Puzzles for Pleasure by Barry R. Clarke (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). Problem 14 was contributed by Agnes Tuska and Larry Cusick, both of California State University-Fresno, 5245 North Backer Ave., Fresno, CA 93740. Problems 15 24 were submitted by Elias Jonas, Truman Middle College, 1145 West Wilson, Chicago, IL 60640. Problem 27 is taken from 101 Puzzle Problems by Nathaniel B. Bates and Sanderson M. Smith (Concord, Mass.: Bates Publishing Co., 1980).
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Olayinka, Adesola Afolayan. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO SOME MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MASS AND VOLUME BY JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEARNERS IN ESWATINI". IJRDO -JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 9, n.º 4 (21 de junio de 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/m.v9i4.5744.
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Mass and Volume are important fundamental concepts in Mathematics and they are normally introduced at the Junior Secondary School level across Swaziland. However, simple as the concepts appear to be, it has been observed, as presented in recent annual diagnostic reports, that learners repeatedly make some errors informed by their misconception about these measurements. This paper investigates the causes of the common errors with a view to arresting the trend. 200 students and 15 science teachers were randomly selected from 5 secondary schools in Manzini region as a representation of the other three regions in Swaziland. A combination of cluster sampling and rating scale analysis was employed. Responses collected from questionnaires administered in the course of the work were thoroughly analyzed and interpreted. Some recommendations were also suggested.
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Landsberg, Beate, Sandra Plachta-Danielzik, Dominique Lange, Maike Johannsen, Jasmin Seiberl y Manfred James Müller. "Clustering of lifestyle factors and association with overweight in adolescents of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study". Public Health Nutrition 13, n.º 10A (octubre de 2010): 1708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010002260.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify lifestyle clusters in adolescents and to characterize their association with overweight and obesity.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study.SettingSchools in Kiel, Germany.Subjects and methodsCross-sectional data of 1894 adolescents aged 14 years and 4-year longitudinal data of a subsample of 389 children aged 10 and 14 years. Self-reported data of physical activity, modes of commuting to school, media time, nutrition, alcohol consumption and smoking were used to identify lifestyle clusters with two-step cluster analysis. Obesity indices (height, weight, waist circumference and fat mass (FM)) were measured.ResultsThree lifestyle clusters were identified: a ‘low activity and low-risk behaviour’ cluster (cluster 1: n 740, 39·1 %); a ‘high media time and high-risk behaviour’ cluster (cluster 2: n 498, 26·3 %); and a ‘high activity and medium-risk behaviour’ cluster (cluster 3: n 656, 34·6 %). Strictly speaking, none of these clusters was considered to be markedly healthy. The prevalence of overweight and obesity tended to be lower in cluster 3 (15·9 %) than in clusters 1 (20·4 %) and 2 (20·5 %; P = 0·053). Longitudinally, 4-year changes in FM were found to be lowest in cluster 2, but the 4-year incidence rate of obesity was lowest in cluster 3.ConclusionsExplicit healthy lifestyles do not exist, but an active lifestyle reduces the incidence of obesity. In adolescents, health promotion should take into account the diversity of lifestyles and address specific lifestyle clusters.
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Aivey, Sadia A., Yasuko Fukushima, Md Moshiur Rahman, Niru S. Nahar, Ashir Ahmed, Junaidi B. Prihanto, Mohammad D. H. Hawlader y Michiko Moriyama. "Effects of school nurse-led health education to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh: Cluster nonrandomized controlled trial". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, n.º 3 (marzo de 2024): 1024–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1560_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education. Methods and Materials: A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. Results: Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG, n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate—the primary outcome—were not significant (P = 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children’s body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition—the secondary outcomes—significantly differed between the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children’s awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children.
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Sun, Minghui, Xiangying Hu, Fang Li, Jing Deng, Jingcheng Shi y Qian Lin. "Eating Habits and Their Association with Weight Status in Chinese School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 10 (20 de mayo de 2020): 3571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103571.
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Background: Poor eating habits increase children’s risk of chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity, adult diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the eating habits of school-age children and their impact on children’s body mass index. Methods: Multistage cluster sampling was used to sample 2224 students in grades 4 to 6 from 16 primary schools in Changsha. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect general demographic, eating habit, and snack consumption data from school-age children. Height and weight were measured so that the body mass index Z-score could be calculated and evaluated according to the 2007 World Health Organization’s Body Mass Index (BMI) reference standard. Results: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in school-age children were 17.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Boys had higher rates of overweight and obesity than girls (19.9% vs. 13.6%, 12.9% vs. 3.0%, respectively, p < 0.05). Among the total population of children, 71.6% reported picky eating habits, and 55.1% had late-night snacks. Children who skipped breakfast (OR 1.507 and 95% CI 1.116~2.035) and ate puffed food (OR 1.571 and 95% CI 1.170~2.110) were more likely to be overweight/obese. Conclusions: The eating habits of school-age children are closely related to their weight status. Poor eating habits can be risk factors for overweight and obesity. The dietary management of children should be strengthened so that they develop good eating habits and the incidence of overweight and obesity in school-age children decreases.
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Mahmood, Zafar. "Linsu Kim. Imitation to Innovation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1997. vii+303 pages. Hardbound. Price not given." Pakistan Development Review 36, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 1997): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i1pp.102-104.
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The Korean development experience presents a successful transition from ‘learning-by-doing’ to ‘learning-by-research’. In his book, Professor Kim explores the dynamics of the Korean companies’ technological learning acquisition for technological capability. His main conclusion is that in spite of the favourable impact of public policy and cultural environment, private industry made Korea’s ambitious development goals a reality.
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Khatri, Bijay, Sulav Deo y Lakshmi Narayan Deo. "Japanese Encephalitis Mass Vaccination Coverage Survey in Five Districts of Nepal". Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 11, n.º 1 (18 de agosto de 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.219.
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Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends mass vaccination campaigns in children under 15 years before introducing the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine into the routine immunization program as the most effective immunization strategy in JE disease-endemic countries. The study was conducted to assess the JE vaccine coverage during the recent mass vaccination campaign in five districts of Nepal in 2016.
Methods: A stratified three-stage cluster design was used for this cross-sectional sample survey. The JE mass vaccination campaign of 2016 targeted children aged between 1-14 years, and the interview was conducted among systematically sampled households’ mothers and guardians of children aged between 2-15 years in 2017.
Results: The coverage of the JE mass vaccination campaign in the year 2016 was 96.9%; the males had slightly higher coverage (97.4%) than females (96.6%). The vaccine utilization increased with an increase in age, 94.0%, 98.1%, and 99.1% coverage among children aged 2-5 years, 6-10 years, and 10-15 years, respectively. The school enrolled children were four-times (OR: 4.016, CI: 2.595–6.216) likely to be vaccinated than out-of-school children and association was statistically significant. Among 86 children who were not vaccinated, 45.3% were ill during the campaign. Besides, 6.6% of out of school children also didn’t get the vaccination. Only three in ten (30.4%) respondents knew that the JE vaccine was given to protect against JE disease or brain fever. More than one-third (36.3%) of respondents reported that the recommendation from the health workers was main reason for vaccinating their children. Only 1.1% of vaccinated children had minor issues following vaccination.
Conclusion: Despite low awareness about the specific protection of the JE vaccine, the vaccination coverage was high during the JE mass vaccination campaign. Increasing awareness about the particular vaccine and including activities to vaccinate out-of-school children could help achieve universal coverage in future mass vaccination campaigns
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Arzika, Ahmed M., Ramatou Maliki, Nameywa Boubacar, Salissou Kane, Sun Y. Cotter, Elodie Lebas, Catherine Cook et al. "Biannual mass azithromycin distributions and malaria parasitemia in pre-school children in Niger: A cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial". PLOS Medicine 16, n.º 6 (25 de junio de 2019): e1002835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002835.
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Amini, Maryam, Abolghassem Djazayery, Reza Majdzadeh, Mohammad-Hossein Taghdisi, Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh, Zahra Abdollahi, Nasrin Hosseinpour-Niazi, Maryam Chamari y Mahdieh Nourmohammadi. "A School-Based Intervention to Reduce Excess Weight in Overweight and Obese Primary School Students". Biological Research For Nursing 18, n.º 5 (26 de julio de 2016): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800416654261.
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Background: This study evaluated the effect of an intervention for reducing excess weight gain in primary school-age children in Tehran. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 12 primary schools in Tehran. Three hundred thirty-four pupils, 167 in the intervention and 167 in the comparison group, determined to be overweight or obese based on World Health Organization standards, were recruited for the study. The intervention included nutrition education and increased physical activity (PA) for the pupils, lifestyle modification for parents, and a change in food items sold at the schools’ canteens. The entire intervention lasted approximately 18 weeks. Measures were taken before and immediately after the intervention. Results: The intervention significantly reduced body mass index Z-score and hip circumference ( p = .003 and p < .001, respectively). Waist circumference increased in both groups, but the increase was higher in the comparison group ( p = .001). No significant difference was seen in time spent on TV viewing between groups ( p = .08). Vigorous PA increased in the intervention group ( p < .001), while the comparison group showed an increase in moderate activity only ( p < .001). Energy intake increased significantly in the intervention group ( p < .001). Neither triceps skinfold thickness nor time spent on the computer changed in the intervention group ( p = .51 and p = .1, respectively), while they increased in the comparison group ( p < .001 and p = .004, respectively). Conclusion: The study provides a successful model for the implementation of similar interventions throughout the country.
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Daly, Robin M., Gaele Ducher, Briony Hill, Rohan M. Telford, Prisca Eser, Geraldine Naughton, Markus J. Seibel y Richard D. Telford. "Effects of a Specialist-Led, School Physical Education Program on Bone Mass, Structure, and Strength in Primary School Children: A 4-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 31, n.º 2 (3 de septiembre de 2015): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2688.
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Sjafii, Ridha Putri, Oke Rina Ramayani, Syahril Pasaribu y Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu. "The Effectiveness of School-based and Community-based Deworming Methods in Primary School Children with Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (15 de junio de 2020): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3689.
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OBJECTIVE: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection remains a public health problem, especially children. Preventive chemotherapy for school-aged children with STH infection in 2012 had only reached half of the World Health Organization target. Therefore, mass drug administration by community-based deworming (CBD) could be a solution to achieve the target.
METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was the sample test in STH-infected primary school children at Suka Village, Indonesia. It was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017. A single dose 400 mg albendazole was given in both study groups. Effectiveness was assessed by Kato-Katz stool examination at the 1st and 3rd months after treatment.
RESULTS: We enrolled 257 children and divided into school-based deworming (SBD) and CBD group. SBD consisted of 123 children while CBD was 134 children group which divided based on a school cluster system. The prevalence of STH infection is 55.6% with the most common infection that is ascariasis in both groups. The uninfected children are 72.5% of SBD and 59.5% of CBD group. Reinfection was found in 31.8% of SBD and 54.1% of CBD group. There are no significant differences of worm eggs intensity before and after deworming in both groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: SBD found to be more effective compared to CBD in primary school children with STH infection in Suka village, Indonesia.
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BOCCIA, D., N. ANDREWS, S. SAMUELSSON, S. HEUBERGER, A. PERROCHEAU y J. M. STUART. "Effectiveness of different policies in preventing meningococcal disease clusters following a single case in day-care and pre-school settings in Europe". Epidemiology and Infection 134, n.º 4 (18 de enero de 2006): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805005819.
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National policies for chemoprophylaxis after single cases of meningococcal disease in day-care or nursery settings vary across Europe. We carried out a multi-national retrospective study to compare the effectiveness of different policies. Countries were divided into those recommending chemoprophylaxis only to close contacts (policy A, close) and those recommending chemoprophylaxis for all children in the same nursery (policy B, mass). Country-specific relative risk (RR) of a cluster was defined as the ratio of the number of clusters observed to the number of clusters expected by chance. In total, 37 clusters were identified between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2002. After adjusting for marked heterogeneity in RR by country, the ratio of RR between countries suggested possible benefit from mass prophylaxis (RR ratio 3·8, 95% CI 0·7–22·0), although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0·22). The costs of this approach and the low risk of clustering need to be taken into account when deciding national policy.
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Nury, Edris, Julia Stadelmaier, Jakub Morze, Blin Nagavci, Kathrin Grummich, Guido Schwarzer, Georg Hoffmann et al. "Effects of nutritional intervention strategies in the primary prevention of overweight and obesity in school settings: systematic review and network meta-analysis". BMJ Medicine 1, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2022): e000346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000346.
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ObjectiveTo examine the effects of different nutritional intervention strategies in the school setting on anthropometric and quality of diet outcomes by comparing and ranking outcomes in a network meta-analysis.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), PsycInfo, CAB Abstracts, Campbell Library, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) BiblioMap, Australian Education Index, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice (JBI EBP) database, Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition (PEN) database, ClinicalTrials.gov, Current Controlled Trials, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesA systematic literature search was performed from inception to 2 May 2022. Cluster randomised controlled trials meeting these study criteria were included: generally healthy school students aged 4-18 years; intervention with ≥1 nutritional components in a school setting; and studies that assessed anthropometric measures (eg, body mass index, body fat) or measures related to the quality of diet (eg, intake of fruit and vegetables), or both. Random effects pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses were performed with a frequentist approach. P scores, a frequentist analogue to surface under the cumulative ranking curve, ranging from 0 to 1 (indicating worst and best ranked interventions, respectively) were calculated. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane’s RoB 2 tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to rate the certainty of evidence.Results51 cluster randomised controlled trials involving 75 954 participants and seven intervention nodes were included. Inconsistency could not be assessed (except for intake of fruit and vegetables) because the network meta-analyses were based mainly on star shaped networks with no direct evidence for specific pairs of nutritional interventions. Overall, little or no evidence was found to support a difference in body mass index, body weight, body fat, or waist circumference and moderate improvements in intake of fruit and vegetables with nutritional interventions in a school setting. Low to moderate certainty of evidence further suggested that multicomponent nutritional interventions likely reduced the prevalence (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.80) and incidence (0.67, 0.47 to 0.96) of overweight compared with a control group. Based on low certainty of evidence, nutrition education and multicomponent interventions may be more effective than a control group (ie, usual practice) for increasing intake of fruit and vegetables. Multicomponent nutritional interventions were ranked the most effective for reducing body mass index (P score 0.76) and intake of fat (0.82). Nutrition education was ranked as best for body mass index z score (0.99), intake of fruit and vegetables (0.82), intake of fruit (0.92), and intake of vegetables (0.88).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that nutritional interventions in school settings may improve anthropometric and quality of diet measures, potentially contributing to the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. The findings should be interpreted with caution because the certainty of evidence was often rated as low. The results of the network meta-analysis could be used by policy makers in developing and implementing effective, evidence based nutritional intervention strategies in the school setting.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020220451.
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Dewi, Nur Khoiratri, Agung Kumoro Wahyuwibowo y Ahmad Farkhan. "APLIKASI PRINSIP DESAIN UNIVERSAL PADA SEKOLAH INKLUSI TERPADU DI SURAKARTA". Arsitektura 15, n.º 1 (14 de julio de 2017): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.12188.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Education is a fundamental need that must be owned by all society level. Today’s education development is one of the results from the education quality improvement. One of the ways to improve the quality itself is by applying the inclusive school. As the contribution to facilitate the same chance in education for disable students, the planning and design for Integrated Inclusive School was created. Integrated Inclusive School was designed in one area considering the fact that Surakarta has not owned yet the Inclusive School in one education area with disable students accommodated (such as blind, low vision, deaf, and physical disability students). The related problem to design is how the form of planning and design concept for Integrated Inclusive School in Surakarta. Besides, the concept could hold inclusive education system to accommodate the need of user by applying the universal design principal. The purpose of Integrated Inclusive School is to accommodate the teaching learning process considering the ability and the activity of disable students by applying universal design. The planning and design of Integrated Inclusive School used Universal Design to support ease, safety, and comfort for everyone without discrimination. The concept of Integrated Inclusive School applied principal universal design which includes the space concept, location and site selection, mass and building appearance. The basic form of building was the dominance of a square shape and mass organizing of building was cluster and centralized circulation system.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : </em></strong><em>Education, inclusive school, integrated system, universal design</em>.<strong><em></em></strong></p>
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Müller, Ivan, Christian Schindler, Larissa Adams, Katharina Endes, Stefanie Gall, Markus Gerber, Nan Htun et al. "Effect of a Multidimensional Physical Activity Intervention on Body Mass Index, Skinfolds and Fitness in South African Children: Results from a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 2 (15 de enero de 2019): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020232.
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Obesity-related conditions impose a considerable and growing burden on low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. We aimed to assess the effect of twice a 10-week multidimensional, school-based physical activity intervention on children’s health in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. A cluster-randomised controlled trial was implemented from February 2015 to May 2016 in grade 4 classes in eight disadvantaged primary schools. Interventions consisted of physical education lessons, moving-to-music classes, in-class activity breaks and school infrastructure enhancement to promote physical activity. Primary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness. Explanatory variables were socioeconomic status, self-reported physical activity, stunting, anaemia and parasite infections. Complete data were available from 746 children. A significantly lower increase in the mean BMI Z-score (estimate of difference in mean change: −0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.24 to −0.09; p < 0.001) and reduced increase in the mean skinfold thickness (difference in mean change: −1.06; 95% CI: −1.83 to −0.29; p = 0.007) was observed in intervention schools. No significant group difference occurred in the mean change of cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). These findings show that a multidimensional, school-based physical activity intervention can reduce the increase in specific cardiovascular risk factors. However, a longer and more intensive intervention might be necessary to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Khumros, Waraporn, Arnond Vorayingyong, Siriluck Suppapitiporn, Thanapoom Rattananupong y Vitool Lohsoonthorn. "Effectiveness of modified health belief model-based intervention to reduce body mass index for age in overweight junior high school students in Thailand". Journal of Health Research 33, n.º 2 (11 de marzo de 2019): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-08-2018-0065.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of a modified HBM-based intervention to reduce body mass index (BMI) for age in overweight junior high school students.Design/methodology/approachA cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in the first and second years of a junior high school in the center of Thailand. In total, 24 classrooms were randomly assigned to a modified health belief model intervention arm (HBMIA), and 24 classrooms were randomly assigned to a traditional school health education arm (control). In total, 479 students who were overweight (BMI forage = median +1 SD, aged 12–15 years) participated in the study. The HBMIA used the health belief model (HBM) as a motivator for behavioral strategies that included modifying diet and participating in physical activity. BMI, health knowledge and behavior for preventing obesity were recorded at baseline and at six months. A multilevel regression model was performed to calculate mean difference between HBMIA and control group.FindingsThe students who participated in the HBMIA showed a decrease in BMI of 1.76 kg/m2, while those who participated in the control showed an increase in BMI of 1.13 kg/m2, with a mean difference of –2.88 kg/m2(95% CI =–3.01 to –2.75), an improvement in health knowledge (mean difference 27.28; 95% CI =26.15–28.41) and an improvement in health behavior (mean difference 23.54; 95% CI =22.60–24.48).Originality/valueA modified HBM-based intervention to reduce BMI for age is effective in overweight junior high school students.
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Davis, Jaimie N., Matthew J. Landry, Sarvenaz Vandyousefi, Matthew R. Jeans, Erin A. Hudson, Deanna M. Hoelscher, Alexandra E. van den Berg y Adriana Pérez. "Effects of a School-Based Nutrition, Gardening, and Cooking Intervention on Metabolic Parameters in High-risk Youth". JAMA Network Open 6, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2023): e2250375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50375.
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ImportanceAlthough school-based gardening programs for children have consistently been shown to improve dietary behaviors, no cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) has evaluated the effects of a school-based gardening intervention on metabolic outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention (Texas Sprouts) on changes in metabolic outcomes in elementary schoolchildren.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study was a secondary analysis of a cluster RCT, conducted over 3 years from 2016 to 2019, at low-income elementary schools with majority Hispanic students in the greater Austin, Texas, area. Data were analyzed from January to August 2022.InterventionsTexas Sprouts was 1 school year long (9 months) and consisted of (1) Garden Leadership Committee formation; (2) a 0.25-acre outdoor teaching garden; (3) 18 student gardening, nutrition, and cooking lessons taught by trained educators throughout the school year; and (4) 9 monthly parent lessons. The delayed intervention was implemented the following academic year and received an identical intervention.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe following measures were obtained at baseline and postintervention (9 months): demographics via survey; measured height, weight, and body mass index parameters; and glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and a lipid panel via an optional fasting blood draw.ResultsSixteen elementary schools were randomly assigned to either Texas Sprouts intervention (8 schools) or to delayed intervention (control, 8 schools). A total of 3302 children (aged 7-12 years) were enrolled in Texas Sprouts, and fasting blood samples were obtained from 1104 children (or 33% of those enrolled) at baseline. The final analytic sample included 695 children (307 boys [44.17%]; mean [SE] age, 9.28 [0.04] years; 480 Hispanic children [69.02%]; 452 [65.03%] eligible for free or reduced lunch) with complete demographic data and baseline and postintervention (9-month) fasting blood draws. Compared with control schools, children from Texas Sprouts schools had a 0.02% reduction in mean hemoglobin A1c (95% CI, 0.03%-0.14%; P = .005) and a 6.40 mg/dL reduction in mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI, 3.82-8.97 mg/dL; P = .048). There were no intervention effects on glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, or other lipid parameters.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cluster RCT, Texas Sprouts improved glucose control and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-risk youth. These findings suggest that elementary schools should incorporate garden-based interventions as a way to improve metabolic parameters in children.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02668744
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de Souza Dantas, Mônica, Michel dos Santos, Luiz Lopes, Dartagnan Guedes, Macksuelle Guedes y Silvia Oesterreich. "Clustering of Excess Body Weight-Related Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents". Nutrients 10, n.º 10 (15 de octubre de 2018): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101505.
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The aim of the study was to identify the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviors, including consumption of fruits/vegetables, sugary products/soft drinks, physical activity and sedentary behavior. The association between identified clusters and excess body weight in a sample of adolescents from Dourados, Brazil, was examined. This is a cross-sectional school-based study involving 578 participants aged 12–18 of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was applied with structured questions to collect data. Excess body weight was identified through body mass index. Cluster analysis was performed to identify sex-specific clusters of multiple lifestyle behaviors. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between clusters and excess body weight. Six clusters were identified in both sexes. Girls and boys in the cluster characterized by greater time spent in sedentary behavior were 53% (OR = 1.53 [1.06–2.26]) and 63% (OR = 1.63 [1.12–2.35]) more likely to present excess body weight compared to their peers in the reference cluster. In the case of adolescents in the cluster characterized by high consumption of sugary products/soft drinks, girls were 47% more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.47 [1.05–2.13]) and boys were 51% more likely (OR = 1.51 [1.05–2.16]). High consumption of fruits/vegetables, low consumption of sugary products/soft drinks and less sedentary behavior was considered the most effective combination for the maintenance of a healthy weight.
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Fitzpatrick, Caroline, Stephanie Alexander, Melanie Henderson y Tracie A. Barnett. "Prospective Associations Between Play Environments and Pediatric Obesity". American Journal of Health Promotion 33, n.º 4 (24 de octubre de 2018): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118807211.
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Purpose: To identify school typologies based on the availability of play equipment and installations. We also examined the associations between availability of play items and child adiposity. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data. Setting: Elementary schools in Montreal, Canada. Participants: We used data from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth study (QUALITY), an ongoing investigation of the natural history of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Quebec children of Caucasian descent. Measures: The presence of play items was assessed in each child’s school. A trained nurse directly assessed child anthropometric measurements to derive body mass index and waist circumference. Body fat composition was measured using DEXA Prodigy Bone Densitometer System. Analyses: The final analytic sample comprised 512 students clustered in 296 schools (81% response). We used K-cluster analyses to identify school typologies based on the variety of play items on school grounds. Generalized estimation equations were used to estimate associations between school clusters and outcomes. Results: We identified 4 distinct school typologies. Children in schools with the most varied indoor play environments had lower overall body fat, B = −1.26 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.28 to −0.24 cm), and smaller waist circumference, B = −4.42 cm (95% CI, −7.88 to −0.96 cm), compared to children with the least varied indoor play environment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that policies regulating the availability of play items in schools may enrich comprehensive school-based obesity prevention strategies. Extending research in this area to diverse populations is warranted.
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Paulose, Amrtha y Eby Aluckal. "Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in School Children Aged 5-12 Years of Kottayam, India". International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, n.º 3 (28 de septiembre de 2022): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220760.
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Introduction: Childhood obesity represents a major health problem with potentially devastating consequences and has increased worldwide rapidly in the past two decades. An early detection of overweight and obesity, and lifestyle modifications for its prevention is important. Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in school children aged 5-12 years of Kottayam, India. Methods: 1200 children of both sexes were studied from three private schools and two government schools belonging to the age group of 5-12 years using Cluster sampling technique. A structured questionnaire to elicit the socio-demographic variables, family history, dietetic habits and physical activities were given. Children are also subjected to General physical examination, blood pressure recording and Anthropometric examination. The body mass index in units of kg/m2 was determined and children were categorized according to age and gender specific criteria as underweight (<5th percentile), normal (5th -85th percentile), overweight (85th – 95th percentile) and obese (>95th percentile). The data were subjected to statistical analysis using appropriate statistical tests. Results and Conclusions: The proportion of subjects in CDC weight categories were 18% underweight, 72% normal, 7% overweight and 3% obese. Overweight and obesity is significantly related to age, sex, birth weight, physical inactivity and economic status. This study also shows that obesity is unevenly distributed in the community. Keywords: Anthropometric, body mass index; inactivity; obesity; overweight
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BambangSoemardiono, Iwan Adi Indrawan y Nurfahmi Muchlis. "MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUS TEMATIK DALAM KAWASAN AGROTEKNO PARK". Jurnal Koridor 10, n.º 1 (25 de julio de 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v10i1.1387.
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The Agro Techno Park area in North Gresik is a proposal developed by the local government with master plan design concepts with a theme that combines industry and campus based on education and research (Erica Campus). With strong potential supported by infrastructure plans for the development of north Gresik, this area has the potential to be developed. Research problems that arise are aspects of what aspects need to be considered in structuring these thematic clusters and how the criteria that help strengthen campus development planning concepts in the long term. Hanyang University is one example of the Erica campus cluster in south Korea that applies new standards and is recognized as a school that actively collaborates with industry. This cluster must have a strong and specific peculiarity because it is in the agro-industrial region so that in its footprint other than the mass, circulation and open space. There are special needs that need to be studied in depth so that the concept of merging is achieved to develop conceptual directives in the form of thematic campus development models
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Kralikova, Petra y Aba Teleki. "Physics textbooks and its network structures". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, n.º 1 (10 de mayo de 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i1.4152.
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We can observe self-organised networks all around us. These networks are, in general, scale-invariant networks described by the Barabasi-Albert model. The self-organised networks show certain universalities. These networks, in simplified models, have scale-invariant distribution (power law distribution) and the characteristic parameter α of the distribution has value between 2 and 5. Textbooks are an essential part of the learning process; therefore, we analysed the curriculum in secondary school textbooks of physics from the viewpoint of semantic network structures. We converted the textbook into a tripartite network, where the nodes represented sentences, terms and formulae. We found the same distribution as for self-organised networks. Cluster analysis was applied on the resulting network and we found individual modules—clusters. We obtained nine clusters, three of which were significantly larger. These clusters presented kinematics of point mass, dynamics of point mass and gravitational field with electric field.
Keywords: Physics textbook, scale-invariant distribution, semantic network.
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Liu, Zheng, Yangfeng Wu, Wen-Yi Niu, Xiangxian Feng, Yi Lin, Aiyu Gao, Fang Zhang et al. "A school-based, multi-faceted health promotion programme to prevent obesity among children: protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial (the DECIDE-Children study)". BMJ Open 9, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2019): e027902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027902.
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IntroductionObesity is a public health concern that is becoming increasingly more serious worldwide. Effective and sustainable childhood obesity prevention strategies may help to reduce the prevalence of obesity and may have an impact on lifelong health. However, few such strategies have been rigorously evaluated for Chinese children in different regions of China.Methods and analysisThe Diet, ExerCIse and CarDiovascular hEalth-Children is a cluster-randomised controlled trial that aims to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of a school-based, multi-faceted intervention to prevent obesity among Grade 4 primary school students (8–10 years old) in China. Twenty-four schools (approximately 1200 students) from above average, average and below average developed regions in China will be randomised to an intervention (12 schools) or usual practice (12 schools) group. The intervention will last for one school year (9 months) and consists of activities towards students, parents and school environment. A smartphone application will be used to assist in providing information on, monitoring and providing feedback on the behaviours and body weight of the students. Data will be collected at baseline, 4 months, 9 months and 21 months. The primary outcome will be the difference between groups in the change in students’ body mass index at 9 months after the baseline investigation. The secondary outcomes will include the differences between groups in the changes in anthropometric measures, diet, physical activity levels and other measures at the follow-up visits. A variety of process evaluation methods will be used to evaluate the implementation process of the complex intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Peking University Institution Review Board (IRB00001052-18021). The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences and in lay summaries provided to school staff and participants.Trial registration numberNCT03665857.
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Wei, Qiong, Ming Wu, Yu-Lin Li, Rui Rao, Song Li, Qin Cen, Hua Wu et al. "Physical deviation and precocious puberty among school-aged children in Leshan City: an investigative study". Journal of International Medical Research 48, n.º 8 (agosto de 2020): 030006052093967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520939672.
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Objective We investigated physical deviation and precocious puberty among school-aged children in Leshan City, to provide a theoretical basis for the management of precocious puberty in children. Methods We selected 12 primary schools of Leshan City using a cluster random sampling method and conducted physical examinations among healthy students aged 4 12 years. A total of 11,000 students were recruited (5502 boys and 5498 girls). We measured body mass index (BMI), and participants were tested for precocious puberty according to the Tanner stages and standard maps. Nutritional status was also evaluated. Results Obese and overweight children accounted for a high proportion of participants; the prevalence of underweight was the lowest. The prevalence of obesity among boys was higher than that in girls. Precocious puberty was mainly observed in girls, particularly those age 7 years old. The prevalence of precocious puberty among overweight and obese children was higher than that in children with normal weight. Conclusion We identified a significant sex difference in precocious puberty among children in Leshan City. Overweight and obesity may be associated with precocious puberty.
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Paulsamy, Premalatha y Krishnaraju Venkatesan. "Effectivenes of School-based Physical Activity of Obesity and Hypertension". Nursing Journal of India CXII, n.º 04 (2021): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2021.cxii403.
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Obesity and high blood pressure (BP) are well-known cardiovascular disease risk factors. As both risk factors have an impact early in life, and BP is linked to body weight. Both obesity and high BP should be prevented and controlled through early identiÀcation and prevention. The aim of this study was to assess how rope exercise improves BP and body mass index (BMI) in school children. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used in a true experimental design. Among 2,581 screened, 239 overweight and pre-hypertensive children were identiÀed using a pre-designed proforma and their demographic variables were collected. A total of 104 and 97 children were assigned to the research and control groups at random. A 6-week rope exercise programme was provided to the study group. Among the screened children, 239 children (9.26%) were overweight and among the overweight children, the prevalence of pre-hypertension was 32 percent. The results showed a signiÀcant reduction in weight and BP (p=0.000) and a positive correlation found between BMI and SBP (p=0.000), though it took longer time to bring the positive changes in dietary habits and DBP. The sex, family type, number of family members, and family history of chronic illness of children were found to have a signiÀcant relationship with BMI and SBP. The study concludes that rope exercise and dietary modiÀcations help to prevent, and also control obesity and hypertension and school health intervention is the need of the hour
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Tangcalagan, Dave, Chona Daga, Alvin Tan, Ralph Reyes, Ma Lourdes Macalinao, Mary Lorraine Mationg, Portia Alday et al. "The 2013-2015 Nationwide Prevalence Survey of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Schistosomiasis among School-Age Children in Public Schools in the Philippines". Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 23, n.º 1 (6 de junio de 2022): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20222301010.
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Objectives: The Department of Health (DOH) aims to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasitism and proportion of heavy intensity of infection in the country by 2022. Among the interventions is school-based mass drug administration (MDA). Regular assessment of MDA gives guidance to the DOH. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of soil transmitted helminthiasis and histosomiasis among public school children ages 5 to 16 years old. Methodology: A cross-sectional, school-based study using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted from 2013 to 2015, covering the National Capital Region (NCR), and all provinces, except Maguindanao and Sulu. Stool samples were examined using the duplicate Kato Katz (KK). Results: Of the 26,171 school children with stool samples examined, 7,440 (28.4%) were infected with at least one soil-transmitted helminth (STH). Infections among male students were significantly higher than female students (31.0% versus 26.0%). Heavy, moderate, and light intensity of infections were 3.2%, 29.0% and 67.7%, respectively. STH cumulative prevalence per province ranged between 0.5% and 89.5%. Schistosomiasis infections were detected in known non-endemic provinces: Ilocos Norte, Biliran, Tawi-Tawi, Basilan, and Dinagat Islands. Majority (68%) of the infections were with single parasites but as many as five parasites were detected in one child. Infections with heterophyids were also observed. Conclusion: While the national prevalence of schistosomiasis was less than 1.0%, the cumulative prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-aged children was higher than the global figure of 24.0%.
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Marlina, Yessi, Emy Huryati y Yati Soenarto. "Indeks massa tubuh dan aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah pada pelajar SMA". Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 12, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2016): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.23308.
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Background: A trend towards in increase of hypertension in adults and children. If criteria of hypertension according to JNC VII 2003 applied to the population aged 15-17 years in Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents was obtained 5.3% nationally. Examination of blood pressure and factors related to blood pressure are of particular importance in children due to the decline in physical activity and weight changes contributing to blood pressure elevations that occur at this point in maturation. Blood pressure levels begin to increase as children approach adolescence. Weight control and physical activity regularly are recommended to prevent blood pressure elevations in both adult and youth.Objective: Determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure in high school students in Pekanbaru.Method: This is an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was involved 353 high school students in Pekanbaru who meets inclusion and exclusion criteria through cluster sampling technique. Data collected by direct measurements such as weight, height and blood pressure whereas physical activity and characteristic of the subject was collected by questionnaire. The results of the data collection were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: There is a correlation between body mass index with systolic (p=0.000; r=0.238) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.010; r=0.136). Each increase in 1 kg/m2 body mass index was linked with an increase of 2.339 mmHg systolic blood pressure and 0.979 mmHg diastolic blood pressure. However, there is no correlation between physical activity with systolic (p=0.829) nor diastolic blood pressure (p=0,643). Multivariate analysis showed that sex and screen time activity were factors most dominantly affecting blood pressure.Conclusion: There is a correlation between body mass index with blood pressure. However, there is no correlation between physical activity with blood pressure.
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Corder, Kirsten L., Helen E. Brown, Caroline HD Croxson, Stephanie T. Jong, Stephen J. Sharp, Anna Vignoles, Paul O. Wilkinson, Edward CF Wilson y Esther MF van Sluijs. "A school-based, peer-led programme to increase physical activity among 13- to 14-year-old adolescents: the GoActive cluster RCT". Public Health Research 9, n.º 6 (abril de 2021): 1–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr09060.
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Background Adolescent physical activity levels are low and are associated with rising disease risk and social disadvantage. The Get Others Active (GoActive) intervention was co-designed with adolescents and teachers to increase physical activity in adolescents. Objective To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the school-based GoActive programme in increasing adolescents’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Design A cluster randomised controlled trial with an embedded mixed-methods process evaluation. Setting Non-fee-paying schools in Cambridgeshire and Essex, UK (n = 16). Schools were computer randomised and stratified by socioeconomic position and county. Participants A total of 2862 Year 9 students (aged 13–14 years; 84% of eligible students). Intervention The iteratively developed feasibility-tested refined 12-week intervention trained older adolescents (mentors) and in-class peer leaders to encourage classes to undertake two new weekly activities. Mentors met with classes weekly. Students and classes gained points and rewards for activity in and out of school. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was average daily minutes of accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at 10 months post intervention. Secondary outcomes included accelerometer-assessed activity during school, after school and at weekends; self-reported physical activity and psychosocial outcomes; cost-effectiveness; well-being and a mixed-methods process evaluation. Measurement staff were blinded to allocation. Results Of 2862 recruited participants, 2167 (76%) attended 10-month follow-up measurements and we analysed the primary outcome for 1874 (65.5%) participants. At 10 months, there was a mean decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of 8.3 (standard deviation 19.3) minutes in control participants and 10.4 (standard deviation 22.7) minutes in intervention participants (baseline-adjusted difference –1.91 minutes, 95% confidence interval –5.53 to 1.70 minutes; p = 0.316). The programme cost £13 per student compared with control. Therefore, it was not cost-effective. Non-significant indications of differential impacts suggested detrimental effects among boys (boys –3.44, 95% confidence interval –7.42 to 0.54; girls –0.20, 95% confidence interval –3.56 to 3.16), but favoured adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (medium/low 4.25, 95% confidence interval –0.66 to 9.16; high –2.72, 95% confidence interval –6.33 to 0.89). Mediation analysis did not support the use of any included intervention components to increase physical activity. Some may have potential for improving well-being. Students, teachers and mentors mostly reported enjoying the GoActive intervention (56%, 87% and 50%, respectively), but struggled to conceptualise their roles. Facilitators of implementation included school support, embedding a routine, and mentor and tutor support. Challenges to implementation included having limited school space for activities, time, and uncertainty of teacher and mentor roles. Limitations Retention on the primary outcome at 10-month follow-up was low (65.5%), but we achieved our intended sample size, with retention comparable to similar trials. Conclusions A rigorously developed school-based intervention (i.e. GoActive) was not effective in countering the age-related decline in adolescent physical activity. Overall, this mixed-methods evaluation provides transferable insights for future intervention development, implementation and evaluation. Future work Interdisciplinary research is required to understand educational setting-specific implementation challenges. School leaders and authorities should be realistic about expectations of the effect of school-based physical activity promotion strategies implemented at scale. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN31583496. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 9, No. 6. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This work was additionally supported by the Medical Research Council (London, UK) (Unit Programme number MC_UU_12015/7) and undertaken under the auspices of the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (Cambridge, UK), a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the British Heart Foundation (London, UK), Cancer Research UK (London, UK), Economic and Social Research Council (Swindon, UK), Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research (Southampton, UK) and the Wellcome Trust (London, UK), under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged (087636/Z/08/Z; ES/G007462/1; MR/K023187/1). GoActive facilitator costs were borne by Essex and Cambridgeshire County Councils.
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Hjorth, Mads F., Anders Sjödin, Stine-Mathilde Dalskov, Camilla Trab Damsgaard, Kim F. Michaelsen, Anja Biltoft-Jensen, Rikke Andersen, Christian Ritz, Jean-Philippe Chaput y Arne Astrup. "Sleep duration modifies effects of free ad libitum school meals on adiposity and blood pressure". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, n.º 1 (enero de 2016): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0319.
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Insufficient sleep can potentially affect both energy intake and energy expenditure, resulting in obesity and reduced cardiometabolic health. The objective of the study was to investigate if habitual sleep duration of 8- to 11-year-olds modifies the effect of free ad libitum school meals on cardiometabolic markers, body composition, dietary intake, and physical activity. For 2 consecutive 3-month periods, this cluster-randomized, controlled, cross-over trial provided 530 children with school meals or usual lunch brought from home. Dietary intake, activity, and sleep were measured simultaneously for 7 consecutive days using dietary records and accelerometers. Short- and long-sleeping children were defined as lower and upper tertile of sleep duration. Body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) were measured/calculated. Overall, school meals compared with lunch from home had positive effects on physical activity and blood pressure in long-sleeping children and negative effects on body fat in short-sleeping children. Short-sleeping children increased fat mass compared with long-sleeping children by 0.21 (95% confidence interval 0.03–0.38) kg, android fat mass by 0.02 (0.001–0.04) kg, waist circumference by 0.73 (0.23–1.24) cm, blood pressure by 1.5 (0.4–2.6) mm Hg, fat intake by 1.1 (0.2–2.0) percentage of energy, and decreased total physical activity by 7.2 (1.6–12.7) % (all P ≤ 0.04), while HOMAIR and blood lipids were not modified by sleep duration (all P ≥ 0.32). In conclusion, the susceptibility to increase abdominal adiposity and blood pressure when exposed to dietary changes can potentially be explained by too little sleep, which results in increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity.
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Jabri, Laura, Amani A. Al-Rasheedi, Rayan A. Alsulaimani y Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa. "Breakfast Eating Habits and Lifestyle Behaviors among Saudi Primary School Children Attending Public Versus Private Schools". Children 8, n.º 2 (11 de febrero de 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020134.
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We investigated breakfast eating habits and lifestyle behaviors among Saudi school children attending public versus private schools. A random sample of 1149 children (girls: 54.4%) from public and private schools was selected from elementary schools using the multistage stratified cluster method. Measurements included body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported questionnaires filled by the child’s parents. There was no significant (p = 0.44) difference in the prevalence of breakfast intake between children attending public (20.6%) versus private (19.4%) schools. However, there was a gender by school type interactions in breakfast intake frequency, as boys in private but not in public schools had significantly (p = 0.006) higher (26.3%) daily breakfast intake than girls (13.3%). Over 56% of the children ate and drank from the school canteen, and impacting factors on children’s choices were children’s desire, food taste, and parental influence. More parents of children in private (12.1%) than in public (6.9%) schools were satisfied with the food in the school canteen. Younger age (aOR = 0.889, 95% CI = 0.815–0.970, p = 0.008), higher father education (aOR = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.130–1.686, p = 0.002), family income (aOR = 1.227, 95% CI = 1.005–1.498, p = 0.044), and insufficient sleep duration (aOR = 0.740, 95% CI = 0.553–0.990, p = 0.042) were significantly associated with being in a private school. Furthermore, no significant differences, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors, appeared in breakfast intake or overweight/obesity relative to school type. Interventions to improve daily breakfast consumption and lifestyle behaviors of Saudi children are warranted.
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Senatorova, G. S., T. V. Chaychenko, O. L. Onikienko, I. O. Sanina, V. M. Tsimbal y N. O. Kovaluh. "Фізичний розвиток і антропометричні параметри у підлітків Харкова". Likarska sprava, n.º 1-2 (25 de marzo de 2012): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/ls-2012-(1-2)-12.
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To improve the quality of violations throphological status through a detailed analysis of physical development and setting standards for the Slavic population of the region’s children conducted population-based study involving 582 school children using cluster sampling method for selecting a level of accuracy of 95 %. Through the detailed anthropometry it was revealed that physical development of Kharkov region adolescents mainly harmonious and corresponds to median values for the WHO charts. Percentage of accelerated adolescents significantly greater than delayed ones. Prevalence of overweight and obesity it’s about (15,00 ± 2,96) % of the total population. Differences in the body composition are recorded reliably after 14 years. Weight gain in boys develops mainly stepwise at the expense of muscle mass with a physiological abdominal fat tissue predisposition, and in the girls both from muscle and fat mass with the advantage of fat with its gynoid predisposition. According to our data, waist to hip ratio reflects gender dependence of the fat predisposition and the waist to height ratio the abdominal one. The results can be used as a preliminary standard for further studies.
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Abdullah, Rebar Yahiya, Alaa Noori Sarkees y Najim Abdullah Yasin. "Nutritional Status and Food Behavior among Primary School Students in Duhok City". Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences 7, n.º 1 (15 de mayo de 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20171.2294.
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Background: The assessment of nutritional status as a part of school health component, can serve as a screening tool to identify children who need nutritional intervention and to prevent further deterioration in their nutritional status with reducing the risk of poor school performance. Objective: Evaluate the primary school students' nutritional status in Duhok City and find out the relationship between students' nutritional status with their food behavior. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted throughout the period 25th November 2014 to 25th November 2015. Cluster stratified simple random sampling of (700) primary school students who aged 6-12 years were selected of 41 primary schools in Duhok city. Food behavior and socio- demographic data were obtained by direct interview. In addition, height and weight measured in order to calculate body mass index of primary school age children. A questionnaire was modified as a tool of data collection and utilized the height and weight scales for measuring student`s height and weight for the purpose of the present study. Data were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches. Results: the present study showed highest percent (57.1%) of primary school student's nutritional status was healthy weight and more than two third of them were at somewhat healthy food behavior (71.3%). In addition to highly significant relationship between such nutritional status of primary school students and their food behavior with P. value (0.001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that the primary school students' nutritional status is influenced by their food behavior. Recommendations: The researchers recommended that schools of Duhok City, health care system and parent should involve in establishing nutritional educational program steps, guidelines, inclusion of health related nutritional topics in school curriculum with yearly screening children including: checking height, weight and BMI according to age.
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Miladinia, Mojtaba, Nasrin Elahi, Pouriya Darabiyan, Shahram Molavynejad y Taiebe Kenarangi. "Determine the most powerful predictor of the body image and its association with gender and body mass index in adolescent at school age in Ahvaz, South of Iran". International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 10, n.º 3 (8 de octubre de 2019): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v10i3.1253.
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Introduction: The body image focuses on how to understand, think, feel, body and appearance of the body. At the age of school and adolescence, girls and boys experience different situations, so this can affect their mental image. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the most powerful predictor of the body image and its association with gender and body mass index in adolescent at school age in Ahvaz. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic epidemiologic study that examines body image in 458 high school girls and boys and its correlation with body mass index in Ahvaz city in 2018. Sampling was done by random cluster method. The data gathering tool was a demographic questionnaire , anthropometric information check list and self-body multi-dimensional relationship questionnaire to examine the mental image of the body. Data were collected using SPSS software version 17 and descriptive statistical tests and analytical at a significant level of 95%. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean weight and grade point average were significantly higher in female sex. Three dimensions of mental image had a significant correlation with BMI, but overall, the mental image did not have a significant correlation with BMI. It was also the strongest predictor of the student's image, so that there was an inverse and significant relationship between the level of education and the score of mental image. Conclusion: The results indicated. there was no difference in body satisfaction in female and male subjects and BMI, and also there was a significant and inverse relationship between education level and mental image score.
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Karanja, Diana M. S., Emmy K. Awino, Ryan E. Wiegand, Edward Okoth, Bernard O. Abudho, Pauline N. M. Mwinzi, Susan P. Montgomery y W. Evan Secor. "Cluster randomized trial comparing school-based mass drug administration schedules in areas of western Kenya with moderate initial prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, n.º 10 (23 de octubre de 2017): e0006033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006033.
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Brandenberger, David. "‘Stalinist Russocentrism’: An Interview with David Brandenberger about the Second Russian Edition of his Monograph National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. viii, 378 p.)". RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 214–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-1-214-239.
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David Brandenberger holds a doctorate in history (PhD.) and is professor of Russian and Soviet history in the Department of History at the University of Richmond (USA). He is also an associate researcher at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics” in Moscow. He is the author of books on the formation of Russian national identity during the Stalin era and on the infl uence that party propaganda and mass culture had on that process. In this interview, David Brandenberger discusses the arguments and methodologies that contributed to his monograph that was initially published in English and then in two Russian editions: National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), Natsional-bol’shevizm: stalinskaya massovaya kul’tura i formirovaniye russkogo natsional’nogo samosoznaniya, 1931-1956 gg. (St Petersburg: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2009) и Stalinskiy russotsentrizm: Sovetskaya massovaya kul’tura i formirovaniye russkogo natsional’nogo samosoznaniya, 1931-1956 gg . (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2017). Among other things, the author discusses how his thoughts on the topic of this book have evolved since its fi rst publication in light of scholarly debate and the increased availability of primary and secondary sources.
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Wittberg, Dionna M., Solomon Aragie, Wondyifraw Tadesse, Jason S. Melo, Kristen Aiemjoy, Melsew Chanyalew, Paul M. Emerson et al. "WASH Upgrades for Health in Amhara (WUHA): study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial in Ethiopia". BMJ Open 11, n.º 2 (febrero de 2021): e039529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039529.
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IntroductionFacial hygiene promotion and environmental improvements are central components of the global trachoma elimination strategy despite a lack of experimental evidence supporting the effectiveness of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) measures for reducing trachoma transmission. The objective of the WUHA (WASH Upgrades for Health in Amhara) trial is to evaluate if a comprehensive water improvement and hygiene education programme reduces the prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection in rural Africa.Methods and analysisForty study clusters, each of which had received at least annual mass azithromycin distributions for the 7 years prior to the start of the study, are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the WASH intervention arm or a delayed WASH arm. The WASH package includes a community water point, community-based hygiene promotion workers, household wash stations, household WASH education books, household soap distribution and a primary school hygiene curriculum. Educational activities emphasise face-washing and latrine use. Mass antibiotic distributions are not provided during the first 3 years but are provided annually over the final 4 years of the trial. Annual monitoring visits are conducted in each community. The primary outcome is PCR evidence of ocular chlamydia infection among children aged 0–5 years, measured in a separate random sample of children annually over 7 years. A secondary outcome is improvement of the clinical signs of trachoma between the baseline and final study visits as assessed by conjunctival photography. Laboratory workers and photo-graders are masked to treatment allocation.Ethics and disseminationStudy protocols have been approved by human subjects review boards at the University of California, San Francisco, Emory University, the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority, and the Ethiopian Ministry of Innovation and Technology. A data safety and monitoring committee oversees the trial. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations.Trial registration number(http://www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02754583; Pre-results.
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Brown, Helen Elizabeth, Fiona Whittle, Stephanie T. Jong, Caroline Croxson, Stephen J. Sharp, Paul Wilkinson, Edward CF Wilson, Esther MF van Sluijs, Anna Vignoles y Kirsten Corder. "A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the GoActive intervention to increase physical activity among adolescents aged 13–14 years". BMJ Open 7, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2017): e014419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014419.
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IntroductionAdolescent physical activity promotion is rarely effective, despite adolescence being critical for preventing physical activity decline. Low adolescent physical activity is likely to last into adulthood, increasing health risks. The Get Others Active (GoActive) intervention is evidence-based and was developed iteratively with adolescents and teachers. This intervention aims to increase physical activity through increased peer support, self-efficacy, group cohesion, self-esteem and friendship quality, and is implemented using a tiered-leadership system. We previously established feasibility in one school and conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) in three schools.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a school-based cluster RCT (CRCT) in 16 secondary schools targeting all year 9 students (n=2400). In eight schools, GoActive will run for two terms: weekly facilitation support from a council-funded intervention facilitator will be offered in term 1, with more distant support in term 2. Tutor groups choose two weekly activities, encouraged by older adolescent mentors and weekly peer leaders. Students gain points for trying new activities; points are entered into a between-class competition. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, interim (week 6), postintervention (week 14–16) and 10-month follow-up (main outcome). The primary outcome will be change from baseline in daily accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Secondary outcomes include accelerometer-assessed activity intensities on weekdays/weekends; self-reported physical activity and psychosocial outcomes; cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses; mixed-methods process evaluation integrating information from focus groups and participation logs/questionnaires.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the conduct of the study was gained from the University of Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee. Given the lack of rigorously evaluated interventions, and the inclusion of objective measurement of physical activity, long-term follow-up and testing of causal pathways, the results of a CRCT of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of GoActive are expected to add substantially to the limited evidence on adolescent physical activity promotion. Workshops will be held with key stakeholders including students, parents, teachers, school governors and government representatives to discuss plans for wider dissemination of the intervention.Trial registration numberISRCTN31583496.
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Nechytailo, D. Yu, Yu N. Nechytailo, T. N. Miheeva y О. Yu Nechytailo. "Relationship between physical development indicators and blood pressure level in school-age children". Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 9, n.º 1 (2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(1):66-72.
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In the study, 848 school age children were examined. They were divided into 3 groups: the first group consisted of 182 children with arterial hypertension, the second group – 78 children with prehypertension and the control group – 588 children with normal blood pressure level. The physical development of children was assessed according to the generally accepted unified method. The blood pressure level was measured with an automatic tonometer three times, with the calculation of the average value. The results were assessed using percentile tables. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried using Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 10.0 programs. When analyzing anthropometric indicators, it was found that the Z-index of the body mass index in children of the first group was significantly higher than that in children with normal blood pressure. There was a difference in the circumference of the waist and hips as compared with children from the second and control groups. Based on the study results an epidemiological analysis of statistical processing was carried out and it was found that overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension (OR = 3.36; RR = 2.50; specificity = 0.81; sensitivity = 0.43). The results of the correlative and cluster analyses suggest the relationship between physical development indicators and the level of blood pressure in schoolchildren.
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Vijewardane, Samantha Chandrika, Aindralal Balasuriya, Phyo Kyaw Myint y Alexandra M. Johnstone. "Determinants of Undernutrition and Associated Factors of Low Muscle Mass and High Fat Mass among Older Men and Women in the Colombo District of Sri Lanka". Geriatrics 7, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7020026.
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Undernutrition is a health challenge due to an expanding older population. The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition and, associated factors of low muscle and high fat mass among older men and women in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. A cross sectional study was conducted using a multistage cluster sampling technique. Undernutrition was defined based on anthropometry and body composition assessed using bio-electrical impedance. Sex-specific multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Of 800 participants (30.6% men), 35.3% were undernourished. The factors significantly associated with undernutrition among older women were hypertension with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (1.97; 1.36–2.88) and musculoskeletal disabilities aOR (2.19; 1.36–3.53). Among women, age ≥ 70 (1.79; 1.18–3.34) and diabetes (1.77; 1.10–2.84) were associated with low muscle mass and age ≥ 70 (2.05; 1.21–3.47), diabetes (2.20; 1.35–3.59) and disability in chewing (2.39; 1.30–4.40) were associated with high fat mass. Among men, age ≥ 70 years, no/up to grade 5 education, diabetes, visual disability, little/no responsibility in food shopping and not getting nutritional advice from media were associated with reduced odds of low muscle mass and no/up to grade 5 school education, disability in chewing and little/no responsibility in food shopping were associated with reduced odds of high fat mass. Undernutrition among older people is common in Sri Lanka. We have identified key factors associated with low muscle mass and high fat mass in this setting. Given the potential consequences of these conditions, our study provides potential targets for prevention of undernutrition and sarcopenic obesity.