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Libros sobre el tema "Clinal variation"

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Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

Lasjaunias, Pierre, Alejandro Berenstein y Karel G. ter Brugge. Clinical Vascular Anatomy and Variations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10172-8.

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2

Iwanaga, Joe y R. Shane Tubbs, eds. Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97961-8.

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3

United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality., ed. Demographic and clinical variations in health status. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2005.

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4

Genetic factors in drug therapy: Clinical and molecular pharmacogenetics. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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5

Darde, Jean-Noël. Où partir? en 2007: Saisons & climats. Paris: Hachette Tourisme, 2007.

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6

Grand, Walter. Vasculature of the brain and cranial base: Variations in clinical anatomy. New York: Thieme, 1998.

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7

Lüdinghausen, M. von. The clinical anatomy of coronary arteries. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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8

The clinical anatomy of coronary arteries. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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9

Où et quand partir?: En 2011. Paris: Hachette, 2010.

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10

Darde, Jean-Noël. Où partir? en 2006: Saisons & climats. [Paris]: Hachette, 2005.

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11

R, Chassin Mark, ed. The Appropriateness of selected medical and surgical procedures: Relationship to geographical variations. Washington, D.C: Association for Health Services Research, 1989.

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12

Gullett, D. W. L' état du climat au Canada: Les variations de la température au Canada, 1895-1991. Ottawa, Ont: Service de l'environnement atmosphérique, Environnement Canada, 1992.

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13

Où et quand partir en 2012?: Saisons & climats. 2a ed. Paris: Hachette, 2011.

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14

Fleming, D. M. Annual and seasonal variation in the incidence of common diseases: Twenty-three years' experience of the Weekly Returns Service of the Royal College of General Practitioners. London: The College, 1991.

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15

Les quatres saisons. Paris: Éditions Gründ, 2005.

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16

Le climat en Europe au Moyen Age: Contribution à l'histoire des variations climatiques de 1000 à 1425, d'après les sources narratives de l'Europe occidentale. Paris: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1987.

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17

Maes, Dominiek, Marina Sibila y Maria Pieters, eds. Mycoplasmas in swine. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249941.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 14 chapters that discuss the genetics, epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma infections in pigs. Chapter 1 discusses the phylogenetics and classification of Mycoplasma species in pigs; Chapter 2 describes the genomic diversity and antigenic variation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains; Chapter 3 discusses the pathogenesis, virulence factor and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 4 discusses the molecular epidemiology, risk factors, transmission and prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Chapter 5 discusses the clinical signs and gross lesions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection; Chapter 6 discusses immune responses against Mycoplasma infections; Chapter 7 describes the interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with other pathogens and their economic impact; Chapter 8 discusses the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection and its associated diseases; Chapter 9 describes the general control measures against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 10 describes the selection and efficacy of antimicrobials against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 11 discusses the development and efficacy of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 12 describes the eradication of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pig herds; Chapter 13 describes the epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in pig herds and Chapter 14 discusses the epidemiology, prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and economic impact of Mycoplasma suis infection in pigs.
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18

Association internationale de climatologie. Colloque. Applications de la climatologie aux échelles fines: Bioclimatologie, topoclimatologie, climat urbain, pollution, risques. Précipitations : tendances, variabilité temporelle, mesure radar. Températures : tendances, environnement et variations séculaires. Changement climatique, indicateurs. Aix-en-Provence: Association internationale de climatologie, Institut de géographie, 2003.

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19

Anatomical Variation and Clinical Diagnosis. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-1333-1.

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20

Brugge, K. G. ter, P. Lasjaunias y A. Berenstein. Clinical Vascular Anatomy and Variations. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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21

Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry. Springer, 2019.

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22

Olsen, Jan Abel. Unwarranted variations in healthcare utilization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0016.

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This chapter explores the increasing evidence of small area variations in healthcare utilization. While variations are expected when morbidities differ, the policy concern is on the unwarranted variations that cannot be explained by variation in patient illness or patient preferences. First, such variations represent inequity in access to healthcare. Second, the variations suggest inefficient resource allocation, because of diminishing marginal productivity of healthcare on health. Unwarranted variations are ubiquitous and persistent. When seeking to explain the observed variations, clinical care is categorized into three groups: (1) ‘effective care’, (2) ‘preference-sensitive care’, and (3) ‘supply-sensitive care’. The smallest degree of variations is observed for ‘effective care’. For some types of elective surgeries of the other two care categories it is not unusual to observe a 5- to 10-fold difference in highest and lowest utilization rates across otherwise similar regions.
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23

Biological Variation: From Principles to Practice. AACC Press, 2001.

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24

Clinical: An Architecture of Variation with Repetition. Actar, 2017.

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25

Surgical Neuroangiography: Clinical Vascular Anatomy and Variations. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011.

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26

Endler, John A. Geographic Variation, Speciation and Clines. (MPB-10), Volume 10. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780691209456.

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27

Endler, John A. Geographic Variation, Speciation and Clines. (MPB-10), Volume 10. Princeton University Press, 2020.

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28

Evans, David A. Price. Genetic Factors in Drug Therapy: Clinical and Molecular Pharmacogenetics. Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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29

G, Siest, ed. Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests: Reference values and their biological variation. Foster City, Calif., U.S.A: Biomedical Publications, 1985.

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30

ENDLER, J. A. Endler: Geographic Variation, Speciation, & Clines (Cloth) (Monographs in population biology). Princeton University Press, 1992.

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31

Lasjaunias, P., A. Berenstein y K. G. ter Brugge. Surgical Neuroangiography: 1 Clinical Vascular Anatomy and Variations (Surgical Neuroangiography). 2a ed. Springer, 2001.

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32

Samadikuchaksaraei, Ali y Morteza Seifi, eds. Bioinformatics Tools for Detection and Clinical Interpretation of Genomic Variations. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77443.

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33

Royal College of General Practitioners., D. L. Crombie, D. M. Fleming y C. A. Norbury. Annual and Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Common Diseases (Occasional Paper). Royal College of General Practitioners, 1991.

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34

Grand, Walter y L. N. Hopkins. Vasculature of the Brain and Cranial Base: Variations in Clinical Anatomy. Thieme Medical Publishers, 1999.

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35

Grand, Walter, L. Nelson Hopkins, J. Mocco y Adnan H. Siddiqui. Vasculature of the Brain and Cranial Base: Variations in Clinical Anatomy. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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36

Grand, Walter. Vasculature of the Brain and Cranial Base: Variations in Clinical Anatomy. Thieme Medical Publishers, 1999.

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37

Dwight, Thomas. Clinical Atlas: Variations of the Bones of the Hands and Feet. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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38

Breuel, H. P. y H. p. Breuel. Clinical Pharmacology in the Elderly: Reference Ranges and Biological Variations After Repeated Measurements. Springer-Verlag Telos, 1996.

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39

Coghill, David y Marina Danckaerts. Organizing and delivering treatment for ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0045.

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Following diagnosis, all children with ADHD will require some form of intervention, and most will require treatment over a relatively prolonged period of time. Whilst there are now several high-quality evidence-based guidelines for the management of ADHD, these are often difficult to operationalize into routine clinical practice and as a consequence studies report considerable variations in care at local, national, and international levels. We describe a structured, but flexible, approach to the organization and delivery of ADHD treatments that aims to optimize care and reduce variation in practice. This pathway pays particular attention to optimizing care through careful consideration of the initial targets for treatment and choice of first treatment, initiation and titration of medication treatments, monitoring ongoing care and identifying adverse events, and the adjustment and switching of treatments when outcomes are not optimal.
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40

Michèle M. M. Mazzocco (Editor) y Judith L. Ross (Editor), eds. Neurogenetic Developmental Disorders: Variation of Manifestation in Childhood (Issues in Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology). The MIT Press, 2007.

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41

Saisons et climats 2003 : Où partir ? Quand partir ? Hachette Tourisme, 2002.

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42

Divan, Aysha y Janice A. Royds. 7. Molecular biology in the clinic. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723882.003.0007.

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Environmental agents can cause genetic and epigenetic changes to DNA, the consequences of which lead to deregulation of cellular processes and pathways that cause disease. Genetic variation can either be inherited if acquired through the germline or non-heritable when the DNA changes occur in somatic (body) cells. ‘Molecular biology in the clinic’ discusses two key contemporary areas of clinical research that have benefited from an improved knowledge of their molecular basis: ageing and cancer. It shows that we are now better able to predict disease risk and design drugs that have higher clinical efficacy by targeting specific molecular pathways.
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43

1943-, Brook Robert H., Rand Corporation y United States. Dept. of Health and Human Services, eds. Geographic variations in the use of services: Do they have any clinical significance? Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1991.

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44

Heine, P. R., J. Horkulak, G. Weyer, Hans-Peter Breuel y J. Kuhlmann. Clinical Pharmacology in the Elderly: Reference Ranges and Biological Variations after Repeated Measurements. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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45

Macauley, Robert C. Clinical Practice of Palliative Care (DRAFT). Editado por Robert C. Macauley. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0018.

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Communication, cultural sensitivity, and respect for spirituality undergird the practice of palliative care. Clinicians must appreciate the nuance of communicating complex diagnoses and often grim prognoses and know how to respond when patients express a desire to not be fully informed (or their family demands that they not be). Across cultures there is significant variation in how prognosis is communicated, who makes decisions for a patient, and attitudes toward end-of-life care. Many patients and families also rely on their religious or spiritual beliefs in making medical decisions, and expectation of a “miracle” and perceived religious “mandates” for continued treatment demand spiritually-nuanced responses.
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46

Rosati, Alexandra G. Ecological variation in cognition: Insights from bonobos and chimpanzees. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0011.

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Bonobos and chimpanzees are closely related, yet they exhibit important differences in their wild socio-ecology. Whereas bonobos live in environments with less seasonal variation and more access to fallback foods, chimpanzees face more competition over spatially distributed, variable resources. This chapter argues that bonobo and chimpanzee cognition show psychological signatures of their divergent wild ecology. Current evidence shows that despite strong commonalities in many cognitive domains, apes express targeted differences in specific cognitive skills critical for wild foraging behaviours. In particular, bonobos exhibit less accurate spatial memory, reduced levels of patience and greater risk aversion than do chimpanzees. These results have implications for understanding the evolution of human cognition, as studies of apes are a critical tool for modelling the last common ancestor of humans with nonhuman apes. Linking comparative cognition to species’ natural foraging behaviour can begin to address the ultimate reason for why differences in cognition emerge across species. Les bonobos et les chimpanzés sont prochement liés, pourtant ils montrent d’importantes différences dans leur sociologie naturelle. Alors que les bonobos vivent dans des environnements avec peu de diversité de climat entre saisons et plus d’accès à des ressources de nourriture alternatives, les chimpanzés ménagent une compétition étalée spatialement et des ressources plus variées. Je soutiens que la cognition des chimpanzés et bonobos montre les signatures psychologiques de leur écologie naturelle divergente. Les témoignages courants montrent que, malgré les forts points communs dans en cognition, les grands singes expriment des différences au niveau de compétences cognitives importantes au butinage. En particulier, les bonobos démontrent une mémoire spatial moin précise, moin de patience, et plus d’aversion de risques que les chimpanzés. Ces résultats fournissent des signes dans l’étude de l’évolution de la cognition humaine. Les études des grands singe sont un outil d’importance majeure dans la modélisation du dernier ancêtre commun des humains et grands singes non-humains. Faire des liens cognitives comparatives entre le butinage des différentes espèces peut commencer à dévoiler les raisons pour les différences de cognition entre espèces.
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47

Figueiredo, Jane Catherine. The clinical significance of family history, young age at diagnosis and polymorphic variation in breast cancer. 2006.

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48

Westberg, Lars y Hasse Walum. Oxytocin and Vasopressin Gene Variation and the Neural Basis of Social Behaviors. Editado por Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.011.

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Experimental studies in rodents and humans show that the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are important regulators of behaviors related to social interactions. Evidence for positive effects of oxytocin treatment on symptoms of psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired social functioning has emerged. Numerous studies report associations between various social behaviors, the risk of autism, and polymorphisms inOXTRandAVPR1A. This chapter provides an overview of these genetic association studies. Although many of the published findings are inconclusive and need replication in independent samples, the chapter concludes that variants ofOXTRandAVPR1Aseem to moderate individual variation in different aspects of social behavior. The challenges for future studies include replication of current findings, identification of the functional variants, and characterization of the neural mechanisms mediating the gene-behavior associations, as well as exploration of the pharmacogenetic potential ofOXTRandAVPR1Ain future clinical trials.
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49

Sun, Shirley. Academic Regionalism and the Study of Human Genetic Variation in a Transnational Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses academic regionalism and racialization of ethnicity in Asia. Geneticists from China, Japan, and South Korea were interviewed about Asianism and the racialization of ethnicity. Four major themes emerged from these interviews: that there is a need to recognize the genetic diversity of the Asian population in clinical trials in the United States, that ethnicity was used as a basis to start the population variation study, that the consortium identified genetic diversity through ethnicity as defined by local geneticists, and that a reaction to Eurocentrism underpins the pride of emerging Asian players in genome science. The overall conclusion resulting from the discussions with the geneticists is that ethnicity is a sociopolitical construct rather than biological.
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50

Elwood, Mark. Critical appraisal of a randomized clinical trial. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0012.

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This chapter presents a randomised trial carried out in primary care in the UK, assessing the use of an antibiotic, chloramphenicol, for acute eye infections (conjunctivitis) in children. This study shows the challenges of conducting a high quality randomised trial in primary care, including issues of the appropriate assessment of outcome. The critical assessment follows the scheme set out in chapter 10: describing the study, assessing the non-causal explanations of observation bias, confounding, and chance variation; assessing time relationships, strength, dose-response, consistency and specificity, and applying the results to the eligible, source, and target populations; and then comparing the results with evidence from other studies, considering consistency and specificity, biological mechanisms, and coherence with the distribution of exposures and outcomes. The chapter gives a summary and table of the critical assessment and its conclusions; and comments on the impact of the study and research carried out since.
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