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Tomov, T. y M. MiKolajewsKi. "V641 Cas - A Symbiotic Candidate?" International Astronomical Union Colloquium 103 (1988): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100103070.
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The light variability of V641 Cas was discovered by Guinan et al. (1982). Spectral investigations were made earlier by Barbier(1971,1975), wich classified it as a VV Cep-type star and suggested that the V641 Cas is a binary system consisting of M3Ia supergiant and a B type star. Shaw and Guinan(1985) estimated the spectral class of the companion as B2.5. Recently Guinan et al. (1986) reported about semiregular changes with maximal amplitude of about 1.0mduring 1979–1986. Slow variations in the brightness with a mean period 310d and variable amplitude of 0.3m–0.9m ph are established by Berthold(1983).
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Atari, Omar. "A Text-Oriented Procedure for Corrective Feedback in an Arab EFL/EAL Writing Class*". International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 5, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2004): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.5.1.13.
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This paper proposes an EFL corrective feedback procedure at the intermediate level that is based on both (1) findings of empirical research on Arab EFL writers' compositions (Atari, 1985; Atari and Triki, 2000; Kharma, 1986; Kaplan, 1966; Mukattash , 1986; etc.) and (2) a unified theory of EFL writing pedagogy integrating both product and process at all language levels: cf Connor (1987). The proposed procedure consists of four recursive cycles of revising processes as p art of the "overarching " composing process (Witte, 1985). These are: 1. Awareness-raising; 2. Peer evaluation of students' individual drafts; 3. Students ' reformulations of their own first drafts ; and 4. A contrastive analysis exercise whereby students compare and contrast their modified drafts with a model offered by their instructor..
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Daou, D., F. Wesemael, P. Bergeron, G. Fontaine y J. B. Holberg. "Spectroscopic Studies and Atmospheric Parameters of ZZ Ceti Stars". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100099632.
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The pulsating ZZ Ceti stars cover a narrow range of effective temperatures along the cooling sequence of DA white dwarfs (see, eg., Winget and Fontaine 1982). Fast-photometric searches for pulsating stars in that class have provided strong evidence that the ZZ Ceti phase is an evolutionary phase through which all cooling DA stars will eventually go through (Fontaine et al. 1982). Recent investigations, based on optical or ultraviolet photometry and spectrophotometry, have set the boundaries of the instability strip at temperatures near 10,000-11,000 K and 12,000-13,000 K, respectively (McGraw 1979; Greenstein 1982; Weidemann and Koester 1984; Fontaine et al. 1985; Wesemael, Lamontagne, and Fontaine 1986; Lamontagne, Wesemael, and Fontaine 1987, 1988).
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Bakel, M. A., A. Appadurai, C. Baks, Ákos Östör, W. E. A. Beek, B. Bernardi, H. W. Bodewitz et al. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 143, n.º 1 (1987): 159–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003345.
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- J. van Goor, Rechtzetting. - M.A. van Bakel, A. Appadurai, The social life of things. Commodities in cultural perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1986. XIV + 329 pp. - C. Baks, Ákos Östör, Culture and power; Legend, ritual, bazaar and rebellion in a Bengali society, New Dehli etc.: Sage Publications, 1984, 224 pp., including notes and glossary. - W.E.A. van Beek, B. Bernardi, Age class systems; Social institutions based on age, Cambridge University Press, 1985, 199 pp. - H.W. Bodewitz, J.-M Péterfalvi, Le Mahabharata. Livres I à V. Livres VI à XVIII. Extraits traduits du sanscrit par Jean-Michel Péterfalvi. Commentaires, résumé et glossaire par Madeleine Biardeau, Paris: Flammarion, 1985 and 1986. 381 + 382 pp., M. Biardeau (eds.) - Paul Doornbos, Raymond C. Kelly, The Nuer conquest - The structure and development of an expansionist system, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1985, 320 pp. - Henk Driessen, Paul Spencer, Society and the dance: The social anthropology of process and performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, 224 pp. - D. Gerrets, Daniel Miller, Ideology, power and prehistory, Cambridge: University Press, 1984. 157 pp. numerous figs., Christopher Tilly (eds.) - Peter Kloos, Jacques Lizot, Les Yanomami Centraux, Editions de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris 1984, 267 pp. - Peter Kloos, Jacques Lizot, Tales of the Yanomami; Daily life in the Venezuelan forest, Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology no. 55, Cambridge University Press, 1985, 196 pp. - Peter Kloos, H. Zevenbergen, Zwakzinnigen in verschillende culturen, Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1986, 109 pp. - Piet Konings, Freek Schiphorst, Macht en Onvermogen: Een studie van de relatie tussen staat en boeren op het Vea-irrigatie project Ghana, Universiteit van Amsterdam, CANSA publikatie nr. 20, 1983, 107 pp. - S. Kooijman, E. Schlesier, Eine ethnographische Sammlung aus Südost-Neuguinea. - H.M. Leyten, Bernhard Gardi, Zaïre masken figuren, Museum für Völkerkunde und Schweizerisches Museum für Volkskunde, Basel, 1986. - J. Miedema, Bruce M. Knauft, Good company and violence: Sorcery and social action in a lowland New Guinea Society, Berkeley, Los Angeles/London: University of California Press, 1985, X + 474 pp. - David S. Moyer, David H. Turner, Life before genesis, a conclusion: An understanding of the significance of Australian aboriginal culture, Toronto Studies in religion volume 1, Peter Lang, New York, 1983, vii + 181 pp. - B. van Norren, Peter Kloos, Onderzoekers onderzocht; Ethische dilemma’s in antropologisch veldwerk, DSWO Press, Leiden, 1984. - Jérôme Rousseau, Victor T. King, The Maloh of West Kalimantan. An ethnographic study of social inequality and social change among an Indonesian Borneo people, Dordrecht-Holland/Cinnaminson-U.S.A.: Foris Publications, Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde no. 108, 1985. viii + 252 pp., maps, diagrams, plates, glossary. - Jérôme Rousseau, Alain Testart, Le communisme primitif, I. Economie et idéologie, Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1985, 549 pp. - Arie de Ruijter, David Pace, Claude Lévi-Strauss. The bearer of ashes, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (Ark Paperbacks), 1986. - B.J. Terwiel, Roland Mischung, Religion und Wirklichkeitsvorstellungen in einem Karen-Dorf Nordwest-Thailands, Weisbaden: Franza Steiner Verlag, 1984. - B.J. Terwiel, Niels Mulder, Everyday life in Thailand; An interpretation, Second, Revised edition, Bangkok: Duang Kamol, 1985. 227 pages, paperback. - R.S. Wassing, Sidney M. Mead, Art and artists of Oceania, The Dunmore Press, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 1983. 308 pp., drawings, black and white illustrations., Bernie Kernot (eds.) - Harriet T. Zurndorfer, Maarten van der Wee, Aziatische Produktiewijze en Mughal India, Ph.D thesis, Katholieke Universiteit, Nijmegen, 1985. xv + 399 pp. - M.A. van Bakel, J. Terrell, Prehistory in the Pacific Islands. A study of variation in language, customs and human biology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1986, XVI + 299 pp.
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Ostberg, V. "Social class differences in child mortality, Sweden 1981-1986." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 46, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 1992): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.46.5.480.
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Grauer, Albert D., James Liebert y Richard Green. "PG 1707+427: The DOV Star with the Simplest Fourier Transform". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100099395.
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PG 1707+427 was identified in the Palomar-Green survey (Green Schmidt and Liebert, 1986) as an object with a significant ultraviolet excess. Observations by Bond and Grauer in 1982 showed it to be a pulsating variable (Bond, Grauer, Green and Liebert, 1984). Fourier transforms of the discovery time-series photometric runs revealed power in PG 1707+427’s light curves in two bands with periods near 450-s and 333-s. The longer period peak was observed to have a variable amplitude while the other one appeared relatively constant in strength. Wesemael, Green and Liebert (1985) placed PG 1707+427 in the spectroscopic class of PG 1159–035 (DOV) pulsating variables.
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Van Dyk, S. D., A. J. Barth y A. V. Filippenko. "The Environments of Type Ib/c Supernovae". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 165 (1996): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900055625.
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Up to about 1985, supernovae (SNe) generally were placed into the two Minkowski classes, type I and type II, defined by the absence or presence, respectively, of hydrogen in their optical spectra. Around that time it was acknowledged that several type I SNe were systematically peculiar, both spectroscopically and photometrically (Elias et al. 1985; Wheeler & Levreault 1985; Uomoto & Kirshner 1985; Branch 1986; Filippenko 1986), by missing the characteristic Si II spectral feature near 6150 å, having distinct infrared light curves, being optically redder and subluminous, and showing radio emission (Sramek et al. 1984). These SNe were designated as type Ib (Elias et al. 1985; Branch 1986) to distinguish them from the classical type Ia. Harkness et al. (1987) identified He I lines in spectra of the SN Ib 1984L, but some subsequent examples showed no He in their spectra and were further subclassified as Type Ic (Wheeler & Harkness 1990). The two subtypes, however, are nearly indistinguishable at late times. In this Symposium the entire class has been referred to as type Ib/c SNe. A recent bright example is SN 1994I in M51 (Filippenko et al. 1994).
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Blazynski, Christine. "Displaced cholinergic, GABAergic amacrine cells in the rabbit retina also contain adenosine". Visual Neuroscience 3, n.º 5 (noviembre de 1989): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005927.
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AbstractIt is generally accepted that the purine nucleoside, adenosine, plays a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system (CNS) (Daly et al., 1981; Phillis ' Wu, 1983; Williams, 1986; Williams, 1987; Snyder, 1985). Adenosine is thought to exert its primary effects presynaptically, by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters including ³-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) (Phillis ' Barraco, 1985; Proctor ' Dunwiddie, 1987). In mammalian retina, cell bodies that are strongly labeled for adenosine-like immunoreactivity (ALIR) have been localized to the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (Braas et al., 1987; Blazynski et al., 1989). Rabbit retinal cells that are labeled by markers for both ACh and GABA are located in the GCL and inner nuclear layer (INL) (Tauchi ' Masland, 1984; Vaney ' Young, 1988b; Brecha et al., 1988). It is now demonstrated in the rabbit retina that approximately 50% of the cells labeled for ALIR within the GCL represent true ganglion cells, with the remainder presumed to be displaced cholinergic amacrine cells (DAPI accumulating). In addition, some of these same cells also demonstrate immunoreactivity to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA. Thus, in a particular class of retinal neurons, two fast-acting neurotransmitters as well as a putative neuromodulator have been co-localized.
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Bertola, Francesco. "Properties of Elliptical Galaxies with Dust Lanes". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 127 (1987): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900185122.
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NGC 5128 (Cen A) has been known for many years as a peculiar elliptical, but only recently has it been recognized as the prototype of a new class of object (Bertola and Galletta 1978). This class of galaxy is characterized by an elliptical–like stellar body crossed along the minor axis by a dust lane, and was comprised initially of five objects. The class was extended in a remarkable way by Hawarden et al. (1981), who drew attention also to the existence of ellipticals with the dust lane along the major, and along intermediate axes. Ninety objects are now listed as dust lane ellipticals in the compilation by Ebneter and Balick (1985) and its updated version (Ebneter 1986).
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Berrios, G. E. y H. Chiu. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders in Cambridgeshire". British Journal of Psychiatry 154, S4 (mayo de 1989): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000295706.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) (ICD-9 = 300.3) (ICD-9, 1978) remain an obscure, heterogeneous, and often unmanageable collection of interfering and repetitive experiences and actions which may interrupt, and occasionally obliterate the flow of behaviour (Beech, 1974; Rachman & Hodgson, 1980; Berrios, 1985; Jenike et al, 1986). Considered during the 19th century as a form of psychosis, OCDs were incorporated at the turn of the century into the psychodynamically redefined class of the ‘neuroses’ (Berrios, 1985). However, this newly gained identity has proved to be heuristically sterile as well as delaying research.
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Hart, Gillian R. "‘Class I present’, subjunctive and middle voice in Indo-European". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, n.º 3 (octubre de 1990): 446–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00151353.
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Section 1. Introduction 1.01. All the above-mentioned categories have been the subject of considerable interest in the last few years. T. Gotō (1987) has devoted a book to Class I presents (thematic presents with normal grade of the root and stable root accent) in Sanskrit, and H. Rix has published a monograph on Indo-European moods (1986) and an article on the middle voice (1988). B. Barschel (1986) has addressed the question of the antiquity of the subjunctive and optative, and their absence from the Anatolian branch of IE. The question of the special primary endings of the singular active in the thematic conjugation was reopened by W. Cowgill (1985). Yet despite all this attention some questions still remain puzzling.
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Fortin, Réjean, Martin Léveillé, Paul Laramée y Yves Mailhot. "Reproduction and year-class strength of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the Sainte-Anne River, at La Pérade, Quebec". Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1990): 1350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-202.
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Experimental catches of a fyke-net fishery operated in the Sainte-Anne River during the 1980–1981 to 1983–1984 spawning seasons showed that although the majority of adult tomcod migrate upstream during rising tide, significant numbers do so against the tidal current. Most spawners return to the Saint Lawrence River during a falling tide. In the first 2 years, peak upstream migration occurred during the second half of December, and in the last 2 years, early in the second half of January. The date of peak upstream migration is significantly correlated with September and October air temperature in the summer habitat. Peak downstream migration of spawned-out adults occurred during the second half of January in 3 years and on 1 February in 1 year. The peak of the upstream and downstream migration of males and females generally occurred on the same dates. The spawning period extends minimally from mid-December to mid-February, but probably peaks close to the maximum of the downstream migration. The length and age composition of the Sainte-Anne River tomcod spawning stock remained relatively stable between the 1980–1981 and the 1983–1984 seasons. For the 1975–1976 to 1981–1982 period, the environmental variable to which year-class strength showed the highest parametric correlation was mean December Sainte-Anne River discharge. Stronger year-classes were produced in years of high water levels and discharge during the spawning period.
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Leibo, Steven A., Abraham D. Kriegel, Roger D. Tate, Raymond J. Jirran, Bullitt Lowry, Sanford Gutman, Thomas T. Lewis et al. "Book Reviews". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 12, n.º 2 (5 de mayo de 1987): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.2.28-47.
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David K. Dunaway and Willa K. Baum, eds. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Nashville: American Assocation for State and Local History, 1984. Pp. xxiii, 436. Paper, $17.95 ($16.15 to AASLH members); cloth $29.50 ($26.95 to AASLH members). Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Salo W. Baron. The Contemporary Relevance of History: A Study in Approaches and Methods. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 158. Cloth, $30.00; Stephen Vaughn, ed. The Vital Past: Writings on the Uses of History. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. 406. Paper, $12.95. Review by Michael T. Isenberg of the United States Naval Academy. Howard Budin, Diana S. Kendall and James Lengel. Using Computers in the Social Studies. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986. Pp. vii, 118. Paper, $11.95. Review by Francis P. Lynch of Central Connecticut State University. David F. Noble. Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 409. Paper, $8.95. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. Alan L. Lockwood and David E. Harris. Reasoning with Democratic Values: Ethical Problems in United States History. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1985. Volume 1: Pp. vii, 206. Paper, $8.95. Volume 2: Pp. vii, 319. Paper, $11.95. Instructor's Manual: Pp. 167. Paper, $11.95. Review by Robert W. Sellen of Georgia State University. James Atkins Shackford. David Crocketts: The Man and the Legend. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986. Pp. xxv, 338. Paper, $10.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. John R. Wunder, ed. At Home on the Range: Essays on the History of Western Social and Domestic Life. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. xiii, 213. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard N. Ellis of Fort Lewis College. Sylvia R. Frey and Marian J. Morton, eds. New World, New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. ix, 246. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Elizabeth Roberts. A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. vii, 246. Paper, $12.95. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Steven Ozment. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 283. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $7.50. Review by Sanford Gutman of State University of New York, College at Cortland. Geoffrey Best. War and Society in Revolutionary Europe, 1770-1870. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 336. Paper, $9.95; Brian Bond. War and Society in Europe, 1870-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 256. Paper, $9.95. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Edward Norman. Roman Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 138. Paper, $8.95; Karl F. Morrison, ed. The Church in the Roman Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 248. Cloth, $20.00; Paper, $7.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Keith Robbins. The First World War. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. 186. Paper, $6.95; J. M. Winter. The Great War and the British People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 360. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Roger D. Tate of Somerset Community College. Gerhardt Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach. Germany: 2000 Years-- Volume III, From the Nazi Era to the Present. New York: The Ungar Publishing Co., 1986. Pp. ix, 279. Cloth, $24.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Judith M. Brown. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 429. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $12.95. Review by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College.
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CHARALAMBIDIS, ANGELOS, CHRISTOS NOMIKOS y PANOS RONDOGIANNIS. "The Expressive Power of Higher-Order Datalog". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, n.º 5-6 (septiembre de 2019): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068419000279.
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AbstractA classical result in descriptive complexity theory states that Datalog expresses exactly the class of polynomially computable queries on ordered databases (Papadimitriou 1985; Grädel 1992; Vardi 1982; Immerman 1986; Leivant 1989). In this paper we extend this result to the case of higher-order Datalog. In particular, we demonstrate that on ordered databases, for all k ≥ 2, k-order Datalog captures (k − 1)-EXPTIME. This result suggests that higher-order extensions of Datalog possess superior expressive power and they are worthwhile of further investigation both in theory and in practice.
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Yip, Ray, Kim M. Walsh, Mace G. Goldfarb y Nancy J. Binkin. "Declining Prevalence of Anemia in Childhood in a Middle-Class Setting: A Pediatric Success Story?" Pediatrics 80, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1987): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.80.3.330.
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To study trends of anemia among middle-class children, we collected 6,162 hematocrit measurements from the medical records of 2,432 children, ages 9 months through 6 years, as seen at a private pediatric clinic during the past 18 years. A decline in prevalence of anemia was observed during that period. The overall age-adjusted rate of anemia decreased from 6.2% in 1969 to 1973, 5.8% in 1974 to 1977, 3.8% in 1978 to 1981, and 2.7% in 1982 to 1986. The decline was also observed when trends were determined for three age groups using a single hematocrit measurement per child. The 1982 to 1986 prevalences of anemia for various age groups among this middle-class pediatric population were relatively low: 2.8% among 9- to 23-month-old children, 2.4% among 24- to 47-month-old children, and 2.7% among 48- to 83-month-old children. Most of these recent cases of anemia were mild—most were only slightly less than the hematocrit values used to define anemia—and most did not show strong evidence of iron deficiency based on elevated levels of erythrocyte protoporphyrin. We conclude that iron deficiency is now mild and uncommon in these middle-class children. This improved nutritional status with regard to iron is probably related to increased intake of iron among infants and young children during the past two decades. These findings suggest that the recommended screening schedule for iron deficiency with hemoglobin or hematocrit measurements may need to be reassessed for well-defined populations of low-risk children.
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Rocca, W. A., J. H. Bower, S. K. McDonnell, B. J. Peterson y D. M. Maraganore. "Time trends in the incidence of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology 57, n.º 3 (14 de agosto de 2001): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.462.
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Objective: To investigate time trends in the incidence of parkinsonism and PD over a 15-year period (1976 to 1990).Methods: The authors used the medical records–linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify incidence cases of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, MN, over three 5-year periods, 1976 to 1980, 1981 to 1985, and 1986 to 1990. PD and other types of parkinsonism were classified using defined criteria. Population denominators were derived from census data and were corrected by removing prevalent cases of parkinsonism.Results: Over the 15 years of the study, 364 cases of parkinsonism were identified; 154 (42%) of them had PD. The incidence of parkinsonism remained stable over the three 5-year periods for the age classes 0 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 69 years. For the age class 70 to 99 years, there was some increase over time mainly owing to an increased incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism. The incidence of PD remained stable over the three 5-year periods for all age classes. Results were similar when considering men and women separately. No birth-cohort effect was present for parkinsonism. Comparison with three previous studies in the same population did not reveal any major long-term secular trends in the incidence of parkinsonism.Conclusions: The findings for PD over 15 years and comparison of the findings with historical data for parkinsonism over half a century suggest that no major environmental risk factors for PD (e.g., environmental toxins, drugs, diet constituents, or infectious agents) were introduced or removed from this population during these periods.
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Fletcher, Courtney V., Diane Metzler, Pamela Borchardt‐Phelps y John H. Rodman. "Patterns of Antibiotic Use and Expenditures During 7 Years at a University Hospital". Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, n.º 3 (6 de mayo de 1990): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1990.tb02575.x.
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Before 1982, annual retrospective drug‐use audits clearly established the pattern of increased antibiotic use and expenditures at the University of Minnesota Hospital. At that point, a concurrent trend analysis system was developed to track this use by individual drug and therapeutic class, to identify trends in use for qualitative evaluation, and to provide an assessment of any intervention intended to alter use. Monthly use of all injectable antibiotics and antifungal agents, and selected oral antifungals has been tracked since 1982 as both defined daily doses and dollars. Use patterns in 1981 served as baseline. The defined daily dose index, which captures changes associated with intensity of antibiotic use per patient, increased 62% from baseline through 1988. This increase, however, resulted in a disproportionate 228% rise from baseline in antibiotic expenditures to nearly $3 million/year for 1988. The defined daily dose index peaked in 1985, declined in 1986, and remained stable for 1987 and 1988. Qualitative drug‐use review programs were associated with this positive change. These results demonstrate the utility of concurrent trend analysis as a resource‐management tool and as a measure of effectiveness for collaborative physician‐pharmacist programs to foster safe, appropriate, and economical use of antiinfective agents.
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Leeuwen, A. Van, J. D'Amaro, R. Fauchet, G. B. Ferrara, E. Gazit, Chr Navarrete, P. Richiardi, M. M. Tongio, E. J. Yunis y J. J. Rood. "The Leiden “Class IV” or “Class I-like” workshop November 20-23, 1986". Tissue Antigens 31, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1988.tb02062.x.
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Walton, Christine. "Learning to Write : A Case Study". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 15, n.º 5 (noviembre de 1987): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200015121.
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In this article we will consider one Aboriginal child’s literacy learning in her first year of formal schooling. The data were collected in 1985. Sharon was then a student in an Aboriginal Transition class in an urban school in the Northern Territory. The children in Sharon’s class consisted of Kriol, Warlpiri and Aboriginal English speakers. The program they were placed in was an English-only one. This report considers one case study and discusses Sharon’s learning in the classroom context (for a full report see Walton, 1986).
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Ragni, MV, A. Winkelstein, L. Kingsley, JA Spero y JH Lewis. "1986 update of HIV seroprevalence, seroconversion, AIDS incidence, and immunologic correlates of HIV infection in patients with hemophilia A and B". Blood 70, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1987): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.3.786.786.
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Abstract A cohort of 181 patients with hemophilia A (149) and hemophilia B (32) cared for at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania was followed to determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, and clinical and immunologic correlates of HIV infection. By December 1986, 82 (45%) were HIV seropositive, and of these, ten (12%) had developed AIDS, 28 (34%) had symptomatic HIV infection (CDC class III, IV), of whom 14 (17%) had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 44 (54%) had asymptomatic HIV infection (CDC class II). The HIV seropositive group included 82% of those treated with factor VIII concentrate (97% severe, 5% moderate), 48% of those treated with factor IX concentrate (92% severe, 8% moderate), 10% of those treated with cryoprecipitate (67% severe, 33% moderate), and none of those treated with fresh frozen plasma. Based on 77 serially sampled HIV seropositive hemophiliacs (1977 to 1986), peak seroconversion occurred in 1982, with 14% (11 of 77) occurring since 1984. With increasing time from seroconversion, both T4 lymphocyte number and function (the latter measured by growth in soft agar [T colony assay]) progressively declined; T4 number declined to 135 +/- 26/mm3 (SEM), and colony count declined 1193 +/- 537 (control 3851 +/- 387) by 5 years after seroconversion. In those developing AIDS, total T4 fell below 100/mm3 (33 +/- 8/mm3) at diagnosis. In this cohort, the overall AIDS incidence is 5.5% (12% among the HIV seropositive) and in those seropositive 5 or more years, the AIDS incidence approaches 32%.
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Ragni, MV, A. Winkelstein, L. Kingsley, JA Spero y JH Lewis. "1986 update of HIV seroprevalence, seroconversion, AIDS incidence, and immunologic correlates of HIV infection in patients with hemophilia A and B". Blood 70, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1987): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.3.786.bloodjournal703786.
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A cohort of 181 patients with hemophilia A (149) and hemophilia B (32) cared for at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania was followed to determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, and clinical and immunologic correlates of HIV infection. By December 1986, 82 (45%) were HIV seropositive, and of these, ten (12%) had developed AIDS, 28 (34%) had symptomatic HIV infection (CDC class III, IV), of whom 14 (17%) had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 44 (54%) had asymptomatic HIV infection (CDC class II). The HIV seropositive group included 82% of those treated with factor VIII concentrate (97% severe, 5% moderate), 48% of those treated with factor IX concentrate (92% severe, 8% moderate), 10% of those treated with cryoprecipitate (67% severe, 33% moderate), and none of those treated with fresh frozen plasma. Based on 77 serially sampled HIV seropositive hemophiliacs (1977 to 1986), peak seroconversion occurred in 1982, with 14% (11 of 77) occurring since 1984. With increasing time from seroconversion, both T4 lymphocyte number and function (the latter measured by growth in soft agar [T colony assay]) progressively declined; T4 number declined to 135 +/- 26/mm3 (SEM), and colony count declined 1193 +/- 537 (control 3851 +/- 387) by 5 years after seroconversion. In those developing AIDS, total T4 fell below 100/mm3 (33 +/- 8/mm3) at diagnosis. In this cohort, the overall AIDS incidence is 5.5% (12% among the HIV seropositive) and in those seropositive 5 or more years, the AIDS incidence approaches 32%.
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Beilharz, Peter. "L. Panitch, Working Class Politics in Crisis (Verso, 1986)". Thesis Eleven 18-19, n.º 1 (agosto de 1987): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/072551368701800123.
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Bonora, L. "Addendum: Weyl cocycles, (1986 Class. Quantum Grav. 3 635)". Classical and Quantum Gravity 40, n.º 14 (23 de junio de 2023): 149401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/acde2e.
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Abstract Weyl 0- and 1-cocycles of canonical dimension 6 in six dimensions, which were computed earlier in Bonora et al (1986 Class. Quantum Grav. 3 635), are recalculated from scratch. The analysis yields five Weyl invariants (0-cocycles), instead of four, and the same four non-trivial 1-cocycles (possible trace anomalies), like in that reference (up to the correction of one typo).
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Fisher, J. P. y W. G. Pearcy. "Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off Oregon and Washington, USA, in Years of Differing Coastal Upwelling". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1988): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-127.
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Estimated growth rates, condition, and stomach fullness of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) caught in the ocean in early summer, when mortality was most variable, were as high in 1983 and 1984, years of very low survival and low early upwelling, as in 1981, 1982, and 1985, years of higher survival and higher early upwelling. Chronic food shortage leading to starvation, poor condition, or slow growth apparently was not the cause of the increased mortality of juvenile coho salmon in 1983 and 1984. Survival of juvenile coho salmon was positively correlated with purse seine catches of fish in June and with early summer upwelling, 1981–85. Hence, year-class success probably was determined early in the summer, soon after most juvenile coho salmon entered the ocean. Spacing of the first five ocean circuli, which was positively correlated with growth rate, was not significantly different for fish caught early in the summer and those caught late in the summer, suggesting that growth rate selective mortality in the ocean was not strong. The increase in mortality in 1983 and 1984 may have been caused by increased predation on juvenile coho salmon due to decreased numbers of alternative prey for predators.
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Skocpol, Theda. "Thinking Big: Can National Values or Class Factions Explain the Development of Social Provision in the United States?: A Review Essay". Journal of Policy History 2, n.º 4 (octubre de 1990): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004437.
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Thinking big about the development of social policies in the United States has become fashionable. Until recently, occasional comprehensive histories of social provision in America focused on single periods of reform ferment, such as the Progressive Era, or the New Deal, or the Great Society. Then, James T. Patterson's 1981 book America's Struggle Against Poverty, 1900–1980, and Michael B. Katz's 1986 book In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America, provided overviews of American attitudes toward poverty and attempts to do something about it from the nineteenth century to the present. These authors were clearly perplexed by the devolution of the antipoverty efforts of the War on Poverty and the Great Society into the political stalemates of the late 1970s and the conservative backlashes of the 1980s. Their books seem to be trying to use rich descriptive overviews of the past to gain some perspective on where American “welfare reforms” might go in the future.
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Davies, PE, RD Sloane y J. Andrew. "Effects of hydrological change and the cessation of stocking on a stream population of Salmo trutta L". Marine and Freshwater Research 39, n.º 3 (1988): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880337.
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The North Esk-St Patricks river system, northern Tasmania, was electrofished at 27 sites in 1985, 30 years after the same sites had been electrofished in a previous study on the survival of released brown trout. All sites were dominated by brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Before 1955, stocking of brown trout fry and yearlings had been heavy. Stocking ceased after 1956 and few releases were made to 1985. At all but 4 sites, the number and total biomass of brown trout were higher in 1985 than in 1955. The estimated total population of brown trout had increased by 63%, accompanied by a 55% increase in the number of fish of legal size (>22 cm). Previously described 'nursery streams' still maintained high densities of 0+ fish, despite considerable changes in the age composition at other sites. Little or no change had occurred in riparian habitat at 23 of 27 sites. Change in year-class strength was highly correlated with change in total annual river flow in the natal year. This is explained in terms of mortality in 'nursery streams' during periods of low river flow. At 19 sites out of 21, changes in age composition were related to relative changes in year-class strength due to interannual variability in river flow. Four sites where major changes in riparian habitat occurred exhibited decreased brown trout biomass but still showed changes in age structure due to variation in annual flow. Mean annual river flow had increased by three times since the 1950s and this was attributed to a doubling in the proportion of cleared land in the catchments. Effects of changes in river hydrology on the trout population are discussed. Growth of S. trutta was essentially independent of density. The number of anglers, total effort and the total harvest in 1985/86-1986/87 were significantly higher than in 1945/46-1953/54. A shift toward higher catch per season per angler was observed in 1985/86-1986/87 compared to the 1945/46- 1953/54 seasons, but catch per day had not changed. Total annual mortality remained at 70%. The effects of increased mean flow and interannual flow variability on the brown trout population of the North Esk river system are discussed.
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Clark, C. "Politics, Language, and Class". Radical History Review 1986, n.º 34 (1 de enero de 1986): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1986-34-78.
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Aranha, Renato Muchiuti. "Gotham and the gothic city: Gentry’s heroes and working-class villains in a marginalized society". Revista X 18, n.º 2 (26 de septiembre de 2023): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rvx.v18i2.90686.
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O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a representação da classe trabalhadora e de pessoas pobres como vilãs e monstros em dois quadrinhos do Batman da década de 1980, partindo de questões econômicas e sociais da cidade de Nova York no período. No decorrer do texto relaciono estes elementos com textos góticos ingleses do final do século XIX, especialmente O Médico e o Monstro, e com quadrinhos do Batman das décadas de 1930 e 1940, investigando as representações na ficcional Gotham City em O cavaleiro das trevas (1986) de Frank Miller e em A piada Mortal (1988) de Alan Moore e Brian Bolland.
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Chiriyankandath, James L. "1986 elections in the Sudan: tradition, ideology, ethnicity—and class?" Review of African Political Economy 14, n.º 38 (abril de 1987): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056248708703720.
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Pélissier, Jean-Pierre, Danielè Rébaudo, Marco H. D. van Leeuwen y Ineke Maas. "Migration and Endogamy According to Social Class: France, 1803–1986". International Review of Social History 50, S13 (diciembre de 2005): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859005002129.
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Does intra-national migration matter for partner choice? A number of conflicting hypotheses on the effects of migration on the likelihood of endogamy according to social class of origin are formulated and tested on the French historical record over the past two centuries. We conclude that migrants were less likely to marry endogamously, especially if they migrated from rural villages to cities; this is explained mainly by the fact that they thereby escaped the social pressure of their parents and peers and met more people from different social backgrounds. Contrary to what we expected, the relationships between migration characteristics and endogamy changed hardly at all over the two centuries. We also investigated whether temporal differences in endogamy could be explained partly by changes in migration patterns. We found that they could. The increase in the number of men and women living in or moving to cities was one particularly important cause of the decreasing likelihood of endogamy. Finally, we were interested in the possible bias in regional studies on endogamy. Our results show that this bias is especially large if these regions include only rural areas or cities. This is because the likelihood of endogamy differs between rural areas and cities, and is also especially low for people who move between these two types of region.
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Zalkin, Michael. "Food policy and class transformation in revolutionary Nicaragua, 1979–1986". World Development 15, n.º 7 (julio de 1987): 961–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(87)90045-3.
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Martin, Bill. "The Australian middle class, 1986-1995: stable, declining or restructuring?" Journal of Sociology 34, n.º 2 (agosto de 1998): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078339803400203.
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Ferraroni, Monica, Carlo La Vecchia, Romano Pagano, Eva Negri y Adriano Decarli. "Smoking in Italy, 1986-1987". Tumori Journal 75, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1989): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168907500601.
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Smoking trends and patterns in Italy were evaluated using data from the 1986-87 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 30,096 males and 32,176 females aged 15 or over, randomly selected within strata of geographical areas and sizes of the place of residence and of the household in order to be representative of the whole Italian population: 40.8 % of Italian males and 17.3 % of females described themselves as current smokers (overall estimated prevalence, 28.6 %). In comparison with previous survey-based data, self-reported smoking prevalence in males has been steadily decreasing over the last three decades, whereas rates in females have been increasing up to the early 1980s, and have shown a levelling off only in more recent years. The apparent declines in self-reported smoking, however, were not reflected in official sales figures. In fact, in the mid 1980s, there were simultaneously the lowest overall prevalence of the last three decades and the highest sales figures ever reported. The inter-sex differences in smoking prevalence were smaller at younger ages. Education, but not occupation as a measure of social class, was inversely related to smoking prevalence in males. Furthermore, rates for males were lower in the northern (and richer) part of the country. The pattern was totally different in females, since smoking prevalence was higher in more educated women, of higher social class, living in North Italy. This suggests that, in the absence of adequate measures, smoking prevalence is likely to rise among Italian women in the near future. Continued monitoring of smoking patterns gives important information with which to identify the most likely future patterns in smoking and smoking-related diseases, besides providing data for targeting intervention programs.
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Morris, Albert. "Preparation of Australian Primary Teachers in the Teaching of Reading: 1976–1986". Australian Journal of Education 33, n.º 2 (agosto de 1989): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/168781408903300206.
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This paper reports the findings of a ten-year follow-up study into the preservice preparation of Australian primary teachers to teach reading. The original study (Morris & Cope, 1978) surveyed 73 institutions which trained teachers to establish the number of class contact hours assigned to studies of the teaching of reading. Distinctions were drawn between the number of hours allocated in universities and colleges of advanced education and between states. The present study sought to establish whether changes in the numbers of hours allocated had occurred over the period, 1976 to 1986. Instead of distinguishing between types of institutions, this study distinguished between one-year, three-year and four-year teacher training courses. Data are provided on the number of hours allocated to studies which are directly concerned with the teaching of reading, and other studies which are related to but not directly concerned with the teaching of reading. Information is provided on the content of these studies.
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Gurecki, Thomas, Zane Smilowitz, Paul Rebarchak y John O. Yocum. "Systemic Insecticide Trial, 1986". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1987): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.134.
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Abstract Certified Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted 29 Apr in a Hagerstown silt loam soil at Landisville, Lancaster County, PA. Plant spacing was 9 inches with 34 inches between rows. Plots were 6 rows x 20 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of in-furrow applications of Temik 15G, Furadan 15G, Thimet 20G, or Oxamyl 15G, each applied at 3.0 lb (AI)/acre. Additional treatments consisted of: Temik at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre applied in-furrow (IF) plus 1.0 lb (AI)/acre applied as a side-dress at plant emergence (EM); and Temik at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre applied as a side-dress only (EM). Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was sampled weekly on 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. Damage index was assigned on a scale of: (1) 0-5% leaf loss to (5) > 75% leaf loss. On 29 Jul the entire field was sprayed with Pydrin 2.4EC (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) to reduce CPB pressure. Two rows per plot were harvested on 16 Sep and graded by size.
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Artzt, Alice F. "Integrating Writing and Cooperative Learning in the Mathematics Class". Mathematics Teacher 87, n.º 2 (febrero de 1994): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.2.0080.
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As teachers have recognized the importance of giving students opportunities to communicate their ideas about mathematics, they have begun to implement writing activities and cooperative-learning strategies in their classrooms (e.g., Abel and Abel [1988]; Artzt [1979]; Havens [1989); LeGere [1991); Mcintosh [1991]; Nahrgang and Petersen [1986); Sutton [1992]).
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Keyssar, A. "Class, Ethnicity and Leisure Time". Radical History Review 1986, n.º 35 (1 de abril de 1986): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1986-35-112.
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Shi, Zhongxian y Jingxiu Wang. "Delta-Sunspots and X Class Flares in Solar Cycle 22". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 141 (1993): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100028815.
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AbstractA sample of 221 active regions with δ magnetic configurations from 1986 to 1991 in Solar Cycle 22 is used to investigate the characteristics of δ-sunspots and the relationship between the δ-sunspots and X class X-ray flares.
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CLEAR, R. M. y S. K. PATRICK. "Fusarium SPECIES ISOLATED FROM WHEAT SAMPLES CONTAINING TOMBSTONE (SCAB) KERNELS FROM ONTARIO, MANITOBA, AND SASKATCHEWAN". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1990): 1057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-128.
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The Fusarium spp. associated with samples of wheat seed containing tombstone kernels were identified for 454 samples collected in 1986 and 1987, representing six wheat classes from three provinces. The results indicate that the frequencies and distribution of the 13 species isolated were influenced by geographic location, growing conditions and wheat class. In 1986 and 1987, F. graminearum infected the most seeds and samples of Ontario-grown wheats. It was also the most frequently recovered species from Manitoba wheats in 1986, but was absent from the Saskatchewan wheats. In 1987, F. avenaceum was isolated from the greatest percentage of seeds from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The greatest percentage of Manitoba samples in 1986 and 1987 were infected by F. sporotrichioides whereas F. acuminatum infected the most Saskatchewan samples. Only F. graminearum infected more than 7% of the seeds of any sample of Canada Western Red Spring, Canada Prairie Spring, Canada Eastern White Winter, Canada Eastern Red Winter, or Canada Eastern Red Spring class of wheat (to a maximum of 52%), whereas five species (F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides) exceeded that level in one or more samples of the Canada Western Amber Durum class. The other seven Fusarium spp. (F. compactum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. pallidoroseum, and F. subglutinans) combined accounted for <5% of isolates. Overall, the lowest frequency of Fusarium spp. was found in the Canada Western Red Spring class of wheats, and the highest in the Canada Western Amber Durum class.Key words: Fusarium, wheat, disease, graminearum, avenaceum, scab
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Thane, Christopher W., Caroline Bolton-Smith y W. Andy Coward. "Comparative dietary intake and sources of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) among British adults in 1986–7 and 2000–1". British Journal of Nutrition 96, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2006): 1105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjn20061971.
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Using data from 7 d weighed dietary records, dietary intake and sources of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) were examined by socio-demographic and lifestyle factors in 1916 participants aged 16–64 years from the 1986–7 Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, and 1423 participants aged 19–64 years from the 2000–1 National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Using UK-specific food content data, geometric mean phylloquinone intakes were estimated as 72 (95 % CI 70, 74) and 67 (95 % CI 65, 69) μg/d in 1986–7 and 2000–1 respectively (P < 0·001). In 1986–7, 47 % of participants had phylloquinone intakes below the UK guideline for adequacy ( ≥ 1 μg/kg body weight per d), compared with 59 % in 2000–1 (P < 0·001). In both surveys, daily phylloquinone intake was higher among men than women and increased significantly with age. Participants of manual occupational social class, or who were smokers, had lower phylloquinone intake than their counterparts. Participants living in Scotland and northern England had lower phylloquinone intake than those living elsewhere in mainland Britain, particularly in 1986–7 when the contribution from vegetables was also lower than elsewhere. However, by 2000–1 this regional difference was no longer significant. Overall, vegetables contributed 63 % of phylloquinone intake in 1986–7 and 60 % in 2000–1, with cooked leafy green vegetables (LGV) providing 23 and 19 % respectively. In both surveys, the contribution of vegetables (cooked LGV in particular) was directly associated with age. These data show a decrease in phylloquinone intake from 1986–7 to 2000–1, mainly owing to lower consumption of cooked LGV.
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Mascat, Jamila M. H. "Class and party : Daniel Bensaïd’s philosophy of strategy against the randomization of politics." Soft Power 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 156–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/softpower.2019.6.1.8.
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This article argues for the centrality of the notion of class struggle in both political theory and praxis in order to counter what E. M. Wood, echoing P. Anderson (1983), has referred to as the «randomization of politics» (1986), namely a politics reduced to pure contingency where no causality between the social and the political is allowed. It suggests that class struggle is precisely the lost cause of radical politics, since class struggle operates as a synthetic principle informing a concept of society as a whole and a view of antagonism as a systemic and totalistic instance. Drawing on Daniel Bensaïd’s «philosophy of strategy» and its critical reading of Marx’s class theory (Bensaïd, 1995; 2002; 2011; 2016), the article suggests that class struggle be rethought as a new «strategic universalism» across the international division of labor. Along the lines of Bensaïd’s understanding of politics as a «strategic art» of recommencement (Bensaïd, 1995), it will be argued here that radical politics cannot do without class struggle or without the party
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Kelley, Donovan. "Abundance, growth and first-winter survival of young bass in nurseries of south-west England". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005507.
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0-group bass were sampled from the shallow creeks of the Tamar and Camel estuaries at regular intervals from May to September in 1981 to 2000 to measure relative year-class abundance. From 1989 onwards classes were generally strong, especially those of 1989, 1992 (Tamar only), 1995 and 1998. Sampling at age-4, before departure from the nursery at the onset of adolescent movements, gave broadly similar relativities. Numbers were greater, and growth faster, in the Tamar than in the smaller and cooler Camel. Temperature was an important factor in both abundance and growth. Occasional major differences in abundance between the two estuaries were reported. Factors which might bias the age-4 result are considered. Other estuaries on the south side of the south-west peninsula, sampled less frequently, reflected Tamar abundances; others on the north side reflected Camel abundances. Limited analysis of stomach contents of older juvenile bass often present in the same habitats revealed no evidence of cannibalism on 0-groups. The shallow creeks of the Tamar and Camel were deserted in winter but a deeper creek on the Taw, frequented throughout winter, was sampled monthly in the 1982–1996 winters to measure losses, if any, in cold periods. In the mainly mild winters, losses were infrequent and small except in the five-week cold spell of early 1986, when the 1985 class suffered an estimated 58% loss in the Taw and possible total loss in the Camel and the Tamar. Sudden heavy flooding of the estuaries caused no apparent losses when they occurred in late summer and autumn but might be damaging if they occur soon after post-larvae arrive.
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Chessor, Danuta y Diana Whitton. "The Impact of Grouping Gifted Primary School Students on Self-Concept, Motivation and Achievement From Parents' Perspectives". Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2005): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.93.
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AbstractA degree of controversy and debate exists about the best educational experiences to fulfil the potential of gifted students. Special class placement can give good educational experiences and opportunities for gifted students. However, Marsh and Parker (1984) described the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) where equally able students have lower academic self-concepts in high-ability schools than in low-ability schools. Self-concept is an important factor in determining academic achievement. The place of motivation in academic achievement is well documented (Ames, 1992; Ames & Archer, 1988; Blumenfeld, 1992; Dweck, 1986) and determined by mastery or performance-goal orientation (Dweck, 1986). The motivation will ultimately have a bearing on both achievement and self-concept. The purpose of this research was to determine the interrelationship of self-concept, motivation and achievement in gifted primary school children in a variety of groupings from a parent's perspective.
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Vellturo, Christopher A., Ernst R. Berndt, Ann F. Friedlaender, Judy Shaw-Er Wang Chiang y Mark H. Showalter. "Deregulation, Mergers, and Cost Savingsin Class I U.S. Railroads, 1974-1986". Journal of Economics Management Strategy 1, n.º 2 (junio de 1992): 339–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00339.x.
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Solomon, ES y DJ Stoll. "Dental school applicant trends and projection for the 1986 entering class". Journal of Dental Education 50, n.º 8 (agosto de 1986): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1986.50.8.tb02029.x.
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Yamalov, S. M., A. A. Filinov y A. I. Solomeshch. "The steppe-meadows of the order Galietalia veri Mirkin et Naumova 1986 in the South Urals". Vegetation of Russia, n.º 5 (2003): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2003.05.62.
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The five new steppe-meadow associations are described in the South Urals. They refer to the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 em. R. Tx. 1970, ord. Galietalia veri Mirkin et Naumova 1986, all. Trifolion montani Naumova 1986, and the suball. Trifolienion montani Mirkin et Naumova 1986. The communities of these associations are typical of their richness in species, including such rare and endangered ones as Dianthus acicularis, Stipa korshinskyi, Stipa sareptana, Stipa zalesski, Stipa pennata, Stipa dasyphylla, Tulipa biebersteiniana etc., the fact which makes for their significant value for nature protection purposes.
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Enger, Hans-Olav. "Reinforcement in inflection classes: Two cues may be better than one". Word Structure 7, n.º 2 (octubre de 2014): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2014.0064.
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The paper presents examples of inflection class reinforcement, where an inflection class becomes more different from its neighbours than it was. This is a manifestation of a diachronic tendency for more overt marking, similar to Kuryłowicz’ first law for analogy. It is also a manifestation of redundancy, which is characteristic of inflection. If inflection classes do not serve any purpose (as claimed by, for example, Wurzel 1986 ), it would seem strange that they should be strengthened. So, classes are not mere junk; reinforcement of class distinctions (polarisation) testifies to the autonomy of morphology (cf., for example, Aronoff 1994 , Carstairs-McCarthy 2010 , Maiden 2011 ). A change in Swedish conjugation is argued to be reinforcement. We consider a case where declension wins over gender in Norwegian, the opposite of what has been claimed to be the norm for that language. That case is also reinforcement. I suggest that reinforcement may be thought of as a kind of simplification. That also fits with the geographical distribution of a specific change. The paper also presents some evidence that a fairly ‘concrete’ definition of inflection classes can sometimes be useful. Inflection classes often latch on to extra-morphological properties in the cases examined, as claimed by Natural Morphology ( Wurzel 1984 ). Yet it is problematic for Wurzel that inflection classes (mere ‘ballast’, in his view, Wurzel 1986 : 76) should be strengthened. The finding is, however, expected if ‘[…] autonomously morphological structure […] can be a dynamic, self-reinforcing factor in morphological change’ ( Maiden 2005 : 168).
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Coetser, J. L. "KWU-werkersklasdramas in Afrikaans (ca. 1930 - ca. 1950)". Literator 20, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 1999): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v20i2.470.
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GWU working class theatre in Afrikaans (ca. 1930 - ca. 1950)In 1984 Elsabé Brink drew attention to plays, prose and poetry written between 1930 and 1950 in Afrikaans by members of the Garment Workers’ Union (GWU). Scholars such as Stander and Willemse (1992), Van Niekerk (1996) and Van Wyk (1995, 1997) have also referred to GWU plays. Apart from these overviews, GWU plays as such have not yet received the attention they deserve. This article presents a revaluation, initially by providing an overview of their contents, followed by an examination of cultural, economic and political influences. It is argued that - retrospectively - the GWU plays reflected a unique cultural specificity from the framework established by Sitas (1986) for more contemporary working class theatre.
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Adhikary, Basudeb y Premadhis Das. "On a Class of Arrays Leading to Factorial Fractions II". Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 35, n.º 3-4 (septiembre de 1986): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068319860303.
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Recently we (Adhikary and Das 1986) have introduced a class of arrays, called grouped arrays (GA) and analysed them as main-effect (m .e) plans. Here we have considered the analysis as genera I fractional factorial plans and have shown that the estimates obtained obey a generalised concept of orthogonility and balancedness.
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Kadiza, Doulay, Abdoulaye Diouf, Abou-Soufianou Sadda y Ibrahim Baba Yakubu. "Landuse/landcover change process in a tropi¬cal semi-arid zone: case of two rural com¬munes (Chadakori and Saé-Saboua) in Maradi region, Republic of Niger". Landscape & Environment 13, n.º 1 (22 de noviembre de 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/13/1/1.
Texto completoResumen
The study aimed to analyze the process of Landuse/Landcover change of two rural communes (SaéSaboua and Chadakori) of Maradi region (Republic of Niger) over the past 28 years (1986 – 2014),through landscape structure analysis by diachronic cartographic approach and landscape indices. Mixedclassification of temporal series of Landsat images led to identifying six Landuse/Landcover (LULC)classes, namely ”cultivated land under shrubs and trees”, ”cultivated land under trees”, “continuouscropland”, ”fallow/pasture land”, ”forest reserve”, and ”settlement”. The composition and structure ofthe studied landscapes have greatly changed from 1986 to 2014. The class ”cultivated land under trees”was the landscape matrix in 1986 with 38.65% of landscape total area but in 2001 and 2014 the class”continuous cropland” became the landscape matrix. The changes also affected the ”forest reserve”which was transformed to smallholder agricultural land from 1986 to 2014. The area occupied byclasses ”cultivated land under trees” changed from 38.65% in 1986 to 8.78% in 2014; and from 1986to 2014, the area occupied by ”fallow/pasture land” has decreased of about 16%. The decrease in theseclasses was in favor of ¨continuous crop land¨, ¨settlement¨ and “cultivated land under shrubs and trees”which respectively gained 38%, 0.3% and 8.15% of their areas in 1986. The results of this study reflectthe problem of access to land and even land saturation in semi-arid region, a consequence of strongpopulation growth. They also contribute to a better rethinking of agricultural practices in order to initiateadaptation and resilience strategies for the population facing food insecurity and poverty.