Tesis sobre el tema "Circulation – Gestion"
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Rabemanantsoa, Rakotomanana Alexandrine. "La fonction circulation de l'information en informatique dans un environnement peu équipé". Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090019.
Texto completoAugey, Dominique. "Liberté bancaire contre centralisation bancaire : l'offre de monnaie reconsidérée". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32030.
Texto completoSince the contribution of barro and gordon (1983), central bank's independence is viewed as a necessary ans sufficient condition for bank's credibility, to avoid dynamic inconsistency and for monetary stability. But, recent public choice's analysis (specially, alesina and cukierman) shows that independence hides an occult dependence (using governors' remuneration, nomination. . ). So, it's legitimate to look at free banking as an alternative solution to the institutional problem of monetary supply. Free banking was successful in scotland, england and others countries. One can imagine, according to hayek, to restore this system and go further gold standart using private inconvertible competitive monies (so called private fiat monies). In that case, the system is based on confidence (no more on direct, like in the selgin-white model or indirect convertibility like in the black-fama-hall-yeager proposal) and does not need deposit insurance
Goumas, Athanassios. "Modélisation du comportement des conducteurs et des interactions entre les véhicules circulant en file". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090024.
Texto completoBased on a bibliography, the main concepts used to describe the drivers’ behavior and, in particular, the interactions between vehicles in a single lane traffic flow, are analysed and critically examined. Besides an ordering of knowledge on the subject, this analysis enables us to throw light upon certain aspects which were hardly or never examined before. The conclusions of the bibliographical analysis and the use of a car- following experiment data, lead to the development of a new point of view, of which the main aspects are: - the consideration of the followed vehicle's acceleration as stimulus-variable for the following driver instead of the relative velocity. - the introduction of an evolutive reaction time, linked to the drivers intention that is reflected in the result of his response. - the distinction of a static and a dynamic state of the car- following phenomenon. In the final model the followed drivers acceleration represents the dynamics of an evolution, to which the follower tries to adapt his behavior, while he also takes the static state of the movements into account, represented by the relative velocity and distance
Allal, Chafik. "Commande d'un réseau de transport urbain : gestion et dimensionnement de Praxitèle". Paris 9, 1998. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090072.
Texto completoRouzeau, Marc. "La gestion localisée de la question sociale : diversité des échelles, circulation des idées, contributions expertes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G007/document.
Texto completoThe management of the social issue in France resulted in the establishment of a « quasi- sector » which, when it came in full force in the mid-1970's, combined the following aspects: welfare, help for the needy & social actions. Later, in order to tackle the « new social problems », a rather general process of social territorialization came into being, grounded in four rather separate fields of action: restorative adjustment, integrative administration, modernizing management and bottom-Up development. State expertise is then enriched by a more generalistic sort of expertise, at the crossroads of the different scales of the various public policies. Since 2005, the newly structured repertoire, known as cohesive activation, has been combined with a more prescriptive expertise and appears as one of the tokens of the new socially active State regime. In that light, the Quebec experience enables one to both perceive the meaning and the modes of the re-Adjustments at work and to pinpoint some of the basics of our national impetus
Bettio, Nathalie. "La circulation des biens entre personnes publiques". Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10005.
Texto completoThe circulation of property between public legal entities is a relatively recent phenomenon that has developed since the end of the nineteen eighties, a period characterized by the reinforcement of territorial decentraization and an alteration of traditional public economic law under the influence of neoliberalism. Until then, patrimony relationships between public legal entities were marginalized, since because of their object, the afore mentioned focused more on the exercise of public strength than on juridical business. The circulation of property, independently from their estate regime, is the dawn of communication between public legal ;entities which moves closer to the private law code and market values. This process, consecrated by the "Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques" which was officially sanctioned in 2006, revealed a drastic change in administration. Indeed, the consequence has been the transformation of public legal entities through a functional reconfiguration of administrative patrimony and territory, restructured by a new deal in public politics and a trivialization of business between public entities. A deepening of the decentralization and a return to liberalism with the function of regulating property policies followed. Its imperium prevails over its dominium. The interference of economic rationality by the circulation of properties between public legal entities finalizes the transition from an essentialist to a functionalist conception of public property ans territory
Kessaci, Abdellah. "Estimation en ligne et gestion des capacités pour la commande du trafic urbain". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0010.
Texto completoCornut, Pierre. "La circulation de l'eau potable en Belgique et à Bruxelles :enjeux sociaux de la gestion d'une ressource naturelle". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211879.
Texto completoBarnier, Nicolas. "Application de la programmation par contraintes à des problèmes de gestion du trafic aérien". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT022H.
Texto completoMilleville, Annabelle. "« De la pierre à la meule » durant le Néolithique, circulation et gestion des matières premières entre Rhin et Rhône". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281525.
Texto completoMilleville, Annabelle. "«De la pierre à la meule» durant le néolithique : circulation et gestion des matières premières entre Rhin et Rhône". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1004.
Texto completoThe goal of this work is to understand the management of heavy stone tools, first from supply of the raw material to the moment the tool is discarded. This study is based on the artefacts of three palafittic settlements: Chalain/Clairvaux (Jura), Charavines « Les Baigneurs » (Isère) and Sutz-Lattrigen « Riedstation » (Switzerland). The first line of research is chronological and is best applied to the Combe d’Ain limestone region. In the case of the “back-and-forth” mill, the choice of the raw material differs greatly between the Middle and Late Neolithic. During the earlier period the raw material is exclusively local whereas in the later period it is imported. For the Late Neolithic these tools are treated differently according to their origin. Siliceous stones, imported from more than 50 km, seem to have an important economic value. The clearest indication of evolution is the reorientation of the supply network, which would be consistent with cultural changes. Polishing tools, consisting mostly of fine-grained sandstone, do not vary during the Late Neolithic and some outcrops (20 km from the village) were already exploited during the Middle Neolithic. A constant between 3200 and 2600 BC is that tools were always used until to their end. The second line of research deals with the spatial spread of the heavy stone tools. On lake-dwelling their interpretation is very complex. “Back-and-forth” mill nevertheless seem to be used either in front of the house or at the entrance. There is possibly an evolution of the place of grinding activity from the outside to inside of the house, indicating an evolution of social practices during the Late Neolithic
Kamenga, Franck. "Optimisation combinatoire intégrée de la gestion du matériel roulant et de la circulation ferroviaire dans les gares de passagers". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I068.
Texto completoRailway stations that concentrates most of starts and ends of train journeys structure most of the passenger lines operations. Indeed, rolling stock preparation operations (cleaning, trains coupling…) which are called “shunting” are scheduled there. These operations are essential to ensure service quality. However, these operations require train movement and parking.This thesis tackles an integration of shunting operation planning and capacity management in railway stations. The Generalized Train Unit Shunting Problem (G-TUSP) is introduced to consider this integration. In the G-TUSP we assign trains which arrive in a railway station to a departure and parking tracks and we schedule their maintenance operations and their movements. These decisions respect constraints due to rolling stock and infrastructure characteristics or related the nature of the operations carried out. The G-TUSP includes four sub-problems, often considered independently in literature. This thesis aims at propose optimization algorithms as decision support for shunting planners.A mixed integer linear programming formulation which considers a detailed representation of G-TUSP aspects is set. The formulation is tested on Metz-Ville station real instances and relevant results are obtained within an hour of calculation. We propose then algorithms in which we consider different combinations for the integrated or sequential solutions of the G-TUSP sub-problems. In a thorough experimental analysis, based on Metz-Ville station instances, we study the contribution of each sub-problem to the difficulty of the G-TUSP, and we identify the best algorithm. This algorithm returns very satisfying results in less than 20 minutes
Hoang, Trung Tuyen. "Modélisation et optimisation de la prédictibilité et de la flexibilité du système de gestion de trafic aérien". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAM0017.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to model and optimise two components of the air traffic flow management system : predictibility and flexibility. This modelling is equivalent to establishing a relationship between the time window and the rate of arrival flights. Two approachs are used : the analysis of historical data and mathematical modeling. The analysis of historical data was used to establish the relationship between the time window and arrivla rate of flights. It provided the optimal time window but could not show how to modify the system to lead to that time window. Mathematical modeling can not only define the predictability and flexibility in the rigourous manner but also deal with different scenarios of fligths priorities. The combination of DC algorithm with classical methods like Branch and Bound has significantly improved the speed of convergence of solutions and therefore it can be used for the tactical phase of the air traffic flow management
Pellecuer, Luc. "Modélisation des impacts environnementaux de la circulation routière en vue de leur intégration dans les systèmes de gestion des chaussées". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1299/1/PELLECUER_Luc.pdf.
Texto completoEljamassi, Alaeddinne. "Utilisation des systèmes d'information géographique (SIG) dans la gestion des risques routiers en milieu urbain". Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET2088.
Texto completoThe integration of spatial dimension in the analysis of road accidents was less well treated before the integration of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and their tools for spatial analysis which open a new perspective to us. The thesis aims to customize some urban accident risk models developed at the Transport Research Laboratory in England to the context of French and Arabic countries in the Middle East. Some simplification of the data collection and coding necessary for these models, is proposed in order to implement these models in an easier way for road risk management ; A fair identification and localization of the major problems of road risk in urban area is now possible through the use of GIS technology as a tool for decision-making
Quesne, Muriel. "Nouvelles procédures de gestion du trafic aérien en Europe : Influence sur la consommation de carburant et la production d'émissions". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13020.
Texto completoOuattara, Baba Ouinténi. "Contribution à l'analyse, l'évaluation et la mise en œuvre des nouveaux moyens de contrôle du trafic aérien : application à l'Afrique occidentale". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20023.
Texto completoIn the first part of this study, a state of the art about the current means and methods devoted to Air Traffic Control, specially considering the new navigation systems, is presented. Then the central concept of potential conflict is introduced and characterized geometrically. A probabilistic and a fuzzy logic approach are introduced to evaluate the criticity of a potential conflict. Then the analysis of different proposals to cope with the resolution of conflicts leads to develop a strategic resolution approach which seems more compatible with the on board delegation to solve conflicts. In the last part of this thesis, the consequences of the adoption of a partial delegation within an airspace characterized by a low density traffic with partial radar coverage, are upraised, showing by comparison with the current practice the clear interest for their adoption
Mourou, Pascal. "Planification et contrôle d'exécution dans un monde multi-agent : copilote pour véhicule en circulation autoroutière". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30135.
Texto completoCousin, Grégoire. "La gestion juridique des migrations des Roms / Roumains : 2007-2012 : de la Roumanie à l'Italie et à la France". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1006/document.
Texto completoThis research focuses on the situation of Roma / Romanians, through the study of legal practice in France and Italy between 2007 and 2012. It analyzes through the public law studies paradigm, the administrative practices, the political and legal decisions of managing migration, living conditions and integration of Roma / Romanian. During five years, italian and french domestic laws have changed in order to exclude the European immigrant population labelled as roma in some the political discourses. National authorities deal with European law in order to suppress immigration of Roma / Romanian. Through this study, was conducted on the one hand, a reflection on the processing conditions of the legislation on major societal issues such as poverty, the free movement of EU citizens, the public order “in the street”, private and public properties, begging, and secondly an analysis of illegality and marginality in the administration of contemporary societies
Dahyot, Rozenn. "Analyse d'images séquentielles de scènes routières par modèle d'apparence pour la gestion du réseau routier". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2001/DAHYOT_Rozenn_2001.pdf.
Texto completoMa, Ji. "Optimisation du trafic aérien dans de grands aéroports". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30052.
Texto completoThe air traffic growth induces congestion and flight delays both at the airports and in the surrounding airspaces. In fact, the airports are limited in terms of capacity and represent the major bottlenecks in the air traffic management system. Efficient planning and control are critical to enhance the airport operation efficiency and to reduce flight delays. In prior research, several sub-problems associated with airport operations have already been discussed separately, such as runway scheduling, taxiway scheduling, terminal airspace management, etc. However, these operations are closely related and can affect each other. This motivates the development of an integrated optimization approach for managing air traffic at airport and in the surrounding airspace. In this thesis, we suggest a two-level optimization approach which works on both the macroscopic and the microscopic levels. Following the prediction horizon of different problems, we consider first a long term horizon with an abstract network of airport and TMA. Then, we consider a shorter horizon with a detailed network of airport components. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the integrated optimization of airport operation problem and terminal airspace management problem at a macroscopic level. The airside is modeled as an abstract network: terminal, taxi network, and runway are seen as specific resources with a defined maximum capacity, and the TMA is modeled by a predefined route network structure. This level of abstraction aims at identifying the airport congestion situations. We develop an optimization model to minimize flight delays, resolve airspace conflicts, and mitigate airport congestions by controlling speed, arrival and departure times, and assigned runway, while keeping various operational constraints. An adapted simulated annealing (SA) metaheuristic combined with a time decomposition approach is proposed to solve the corresponding problem. Computational experiments performed on case studies of Paris Charles De-Gaulle airport show potential improvements on airport congestion mitigation and flight delay reduction. The second part of the thesis deals with the airport runway and taxiway scheduling problem at a microscopic level. In this part, we represent the airport (gate, taxiway, runway) with a detailed surface node-link network, and we consider individual aircraft trajectories based on this graph. We aim at resolving the ground conflicts among aircraft, assigning the pushback times, the taxi speeds and the positions (runway threshold or holding point) and the holding times. The optimization model is designed to reduce runway queue length and minimize flight delays as well as taxi times with respect to safety concerns in surface traffic operations. A comparison with regard to baseline scenarios of the microscopic optimization benefits is presented for two major airports: Paris Charles De-Gaulle (CDG) airport and Charlotte Douglas International airport (CLT). Important gain in taxi time savings and runway queue length reduction are achieved, particularly at CLT since it is more prone to congestion
STOICA, Dragos. "Analyse, representation et optimisation de la circulation des avions sur une plate-forme aeroportuaire". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009323.
Texto completoLenoble, Clément. "L’exercice de la pauvreté : les franciscains d’Avignon, l’incertitude économique et la circulation des richesses à la fin du Moyen Âge". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20058.
Texto completoHow analyse and understand the way the Franciscans ruled their houses in the late Middle Ages ? The transformations of conventual economics have been observed in notarial documentation and considered as the abandon of the original ideal of poverty, a betrayal of Francis of Assisi’s original project, that would justify the Spiritual’s protest movement and the Observant reform. These mutations are brought to light by the daily ledgers of the convent of Avignon produced and conserved from 1359 to 1480. It is possible to reconstruct the Friars’ way of life, their economics, the exchanges with the city and their specific methods of managing the convent. It is possible to analyse the conventual economic in the light of the economic crisis, the franciscan rules and norms elaborated by the theologians and jurists. The ledgers show the Friars’ efforts and methods to submit themselves to the local market. It reveals the links between pastoral activities, the faithful’s piety and the conventual economics
Kamel, Boumediene. "Gestion de trafic : controle d'accès et limitation dynamique de la vitesse". Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0204/document.
Texto completoThe highways congestion is a problem which appears in a recurring way and which has a wide economic, environmental and social impact. This problem can be resolved by increasing the highways capacity or by decreasing the traffic demand. These solutions are long to operate and are very expensive. An accessible solution in the shorter run consists in implementing a traffic management system.In this optics, several actions and control measures were developed to improve the efficiency of highways. Among these actions, we can quote the ramp metering control and the dynamic speed limits.The ramp metering consists of a regulation of the vehicles flow wishing to enter on a highway from an on-ramp. We developed the DFC strategy (Différence de Flux Characterisée par une densité désirée). It aims at maintaining on the main road, at the vicinity of the on-ramp, a density lower than a target beforehand determined by means of simulations. This new strategy was compared with the existing strategies such as ALINEA and PI-ALINEA. The DFC strategy presents the interest not to generate oscillatory phenomena in the trajectories of flow and not to require parameters to be adjusted. The dynamic speed limits imposes on several sections of the main road a speed limit which depends on traffic conditions. The objective is to avoid the congestion at a downstream bottleneck. We proposed several strategies of dynamic speed limits. They use quite the METANET model of traffic. Two of the proposed methods exploit the model METANET anticipation term and the third is based on the flow. Finally, the various strategies of dynamic speed limits were used in coordination with the DFC ramp metering. The coordination allows to obtain the results better than ramp metering used only or dynamic speed limits used only
Stankovic, Stéphanie. "Les processus cognitifs en jeu dans les jugements de risques en situation complexe et dynamique : le cas du contrôle aérien". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20105.
Texto completoThe main interrogation of this thesis is: “What are the cognitive processes involved in judgments of potential conflict given by air traffic controllers? “. To answer this question we investigated the risk judgments about conflict between two aircraft given by expert and novice air traffic controllers following the approach of the lens of Brunswik (1952) and the model of integrating information of Anderson (1996). The application of these two models to the risk judgments allow us to identify particular components that have a major role in shaping judgments and specify the rules governing integration. This application is developed across three empirical studies: the first relates to risk judgments issued by air traffic controllers' experts and students. In this study we propose a model of risk judgments based on three variables. The second study is a test of the proposed model and an analysis of the rules of integrating information. And the last study incorporates several elements in shaping judgments. We demonstrate that it is crucial to adopt an individual differences approach to study judgments by air traffic controllers. Also, these findings should have implications for developing user-friendly interfaces with conflict detection devices and for devising ATC training programs
Idrissi, Abdellah. "Modélisation et optimisation des systèmes complexes par des réseaux de contraintes". Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0123.
Texto completoThe Constraints Network (also called Constraints Programming) treats particularly combinatorial problems, i. E. Problems where several combinations must be tested. One of the important features of a constraint network is its declarative aspect. A constraint network describes a combinatorial problem, but it is not necessary to describe how to solve the problem. There exist in the literature many algorithms solving the problem by satisfying every constraint in the constraint network describing the problem. Several questions can be asked when satisfying a constraint network. Among them we can cite: is there any solution? how many solutions? if there is no exact solution? Which is the best solution? etc. . . It is for answering to these questions that the formalism of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) and its alternatives, in particular the Distributed CSP (noted DisCSP) and the Valued CSP (noted VCSP), were introduced. The CSP formalism and its alternatives make it possible to represent, solve, and optimize in a simple manner a large number of real problems such as the problems of planning, design, resources allocation, timetable, scheduling of tasks or more generally the problems of the decision-making aid. Our work was to use the CSP formalism to solve real combinatorial problems. We studied three categories of problems: problems of conflicts between agents, problems of capacities allocation, and problems of mobile ad hoc networks. For each one of these three problems, we proposed a modelling in form of constraint network, implemented at least an algorithm of resolution and proposed an optimization method. We validated our methods by experimental results, showing that our various approaches give very promising results
Dente, Sébastien. "The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies : logistics and functional economy". Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0017/document.
Texto completoFunctional and circular economies are often presented as promising strategies to address the environmental issues associated with our modern production/consumption systems. Within these systems, the circulation processes themselves are usually poorly addressed, in spite of the increasing energy consumption and emissions associated with logistics under the current trends of globalization. The present thesis aims at filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between the representation of human activities and circulation processes and the issue of sustainability. Dealing with the triptych sustainability/supply chain management/circular and functional economies, the thesis shows that the standardized representation of space and time in the current dominant economic conventions acts as a barrier to the development of truly sustainable circulation processes. It finds that the closing loop approach of the circular economy and the product/service approach of the functional economy require specific definitions and policy measures for resources and demand, so that they can be considered as real sustainable strategies. This necessity to develop specific new approaches was further supported with evidence from a new logistics and freight transportation model for France. The model indicates that a generic approach towards a functional economy would lead to 5% increase of CO2 emissions (associated with French interregional traded tons) while a targeted approach would lead to a 3% reduction in comparison to the reference logistics scenario
Trollé, Xavier. "Développement d'un modèle de gestion des échanges de masse et d'énergie généralisable aux différents couverts dans les GCM : analyses et tests de nouveaux concepts". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066676.
Texto completoNguyen, Huy-Hoang. "Coordination des avions pour la résolution de conflits : Une approche basée sur le graphe PERT disjonctif". Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1493.
Texto completoBarriquault, Cyril. "Représentation d'incidents dans le retour d'expérience de la Navigation Aérienne". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082572.
Texto completoHaddad, Ramzi. "Coordination des conflits aériens en présence d’incertitudes : Une étude basée sur l'ordonnancement à contraintes de ressources". Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1634.
Texto completoThe volume of the air traffic increased 80% in ten years, a growth that is called to continue. The improvements of the present systems of air-traffic management should permit to face this increase until the middle of the next decade. Ln response to this necessity, this thesis work is located between the junctions of two domains: project resources constraints scheduling and the air-traffic coordination. We constructed a dynamic system that permits to resolve air traffic management problems under uncertainties while integrating various techniques adapted to the hazards existing in the context. Our privileged application domain was the coordination (En-Route) of the aerial traffic. This type of project presents features raising form scheduling and organization under uncertainties domains
Scapin, Thomas. "La circulation transnationale de l'éthique publique : socio-histoire d'un répertoire océdéen du bon gouvernement et de ses réceptions au Québec et en France (années 1990-années 2010)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2094.
Texto completoThe starting point of this PhD research is the growing interest in the ethics of public servants since the 1990s and the widespread recognition of the work done by the Organization for economic co-operation and development on that matter. Based on archives, interviews and participatory observation, this research analyzes the circulation of the OECD’s repertoire regarding public administration ethics. The latter refers to what good conduct of public servants means and how it should be managed according to the Organization which promotes various frameworks, standards, and instruments in this regard. The dissertation falls into three parts regarding the genesis of the OECD’s repertoire, the boundaries of the transnational circulation of knowledge fuelling this repertoire, and its reception in Québec and France. The first part studies the development of activities dedicated to public service ethics in the OECD since the 1990s. It shows that taking into account the ethical issue curbs the rise in New Public Management reforms. The second part highlights the language, national, disciplinary, cultural, geostrategic, geographical and professional barriers that hinder transnational scientific exchanges in the field of public ethics. The third part emphasizes the limited convergence between ethics policies in Québec and France since they depend mainly on the national context in which they are formulated. The study of public ethics’ circulations finally outlines the hybridization of good government in OECD countries in the 21ft century
Giret, Rébecca. "Imagerie radar par synthèse d'ouverture pour la gestion du trafic autoroutier". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922039.
Texto completoRagosta, Martina. "A multi-modelS based approach for the modelling and the analysis of usable and resilient partly autonomous interactive systems". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30069/document.
Texto completoThe current European Air Traffic Management (ATM) System needs to be improved for coping with the growth in air traffic forecasted for next years. It has been broadly recognised that the future ATM capacity and safety objectives can only be achieved by an intense enhancement of integrated automation support. However, increase of automation might come along with an increase of performance variability of the whole ATM System especially in case of automation degradation. ATM systems are considered complex as they encompass interactions involving humans and machines deeply influenced by environmental aspects (i.e. weather, organizational structure) making them belong to the class of Socio-Technical Systems (STS) (Emery & Trist, 1960). Due to this complexity, the interactions between the STS elements (human, system and organisational) can be partly linear and partly non-linear making its performance evolution complex and hardly predictable. Within such STS, interactive systems have to be usable i.e. enabling users to perform their tasks efficiently and effectively while ensuring a certain level of operator satisfaction. Besides, the STS has to be resilient to adverse events including potential automation degradation issues but also interaction problems between their interactive systems and the operators. These issues may affect several STS aspects such as resources, time in tasks performance, ability to adjust to environment, etc. In order to be able to analyse the impact of these perturbations and to assess the potential performance variability of a STS, dedicated techniques and methods are required. These techniques and methods have to provide support for modelling and analysing in a systematic way usability and resilience of interactive systems featuring partly autonomous behaviours. They also have to provide support for describing and structuring a large amount of information and to be able to address the variability of each of STS elements as well as the variability related to their interrelations. Current techniques, methods and processes do not enable to model a STS as a whole and to analyse both usability and resilience properties. Also, they do not embed all the elements that are required to describe and analyse each part of the STS (such as knowledge of different types which is needed by a user for accomplishing tasks or for interacting with dedicated technologies). Lastly, they do not provide means for analysing task migrations when a new technology is introduced or for analysing performance variability in case of degradation of the newly introduced automation. Such statements are argued in this thesis by a detailed analysis of existing modelling techniques and associated methods highlighting their advantages and limitations. This thesis proposes a multi-models based approach for the modelling and the analysis of partly-autonomous interactive systems for assessing their resilience and usability. The contribution is based on the identification of a set of requirements needed being able to model and analyse each of the STS elements. Some of these requirements were met by existing modelling techniques, others were reachable by extending and refining existing ones. This thesis proposes an approach which integrates 3 modelling techniques: FRAM (focused on organisational functions), HAMSTERS (centred on human goals and activities) and ICO (dedicated to the modelling of interactive systems). The principles of the multi-models approach is illustrated on an example for carefully showing the extensions proposed to the selected modelling techniques and how they integrate together. A more complex case study from the ATM World is then presented to demonstrate the scalability of the approach. This case study, dealing with aircraft route change due to bad weather conditions, highlights the ability of the integration of models to cope with performance variability of the various parts of the STS
Martin, Caroline. "La gestion de la charge mentale des contrôleurs aériens en-route : apports de l'eye-tracking dans le cadre du projet européen SESAR". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921212.
Texto completoCharansonney, Luc. "Nouvelles méthodes de collecte des données de trafic : nouveaux enjeux pour les gestionnaires de voirie". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1013.
Texto completoRoad traffic evolves in a context which has undergone three major changes in the past two decades: first, a political change, reshaping the car's role in cities; second, a technical change, through which both vehicles and drivers emit and receive information independently of road authorities' roadside infrastructure; and finally, a financial change, as traffic management infrastructure has heavily relied on public funding which now becomes scarcer.From the perspective of a key road authority, the City of Paris, the Author, in charge of assessing the impact on traffic flow of major disruptive policies, addresses how new traffic data renews the road authority's knowledge of the traffic, on technical grounds.The Author has worked on Bluetooth travel-time and GPS based Floating Car Data datasets. He believes he makes two major contributions in the field.He first shows that traffic data and traffic information have always been at the core of the road authority's concerns, deeply related to the available technology, the missions of the road authority, and the theory attempting to bridge the gap between the two.Through the technical assessment of traffic-related policies (road closures, speed-limit reduction), based on two types of new traffic data (GPS speeds and Bluetooth travel-times), the Author analyzes the characteristics of the two datasets, the results they yield and how they complement legacy fixed-sensor based data. They allow the road authority to grasp user-perspective information whereas legacy data mostly offered a collective flow perspective. This, in turn, reshapes the decision-making process of road authorities
Guirat, Noomen. "Evaluation des impacts du trafic automobile sur l'atmosphère : application au centre-ville de Tunis". Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0181.
Texto completoPollution generated by urban traffic is a serious problem of our cities. Started from the general link between economy and environment, we are more particularly interested by externalities and by the various methods to evaluate these externalities. Then, we particularize the comment in the concrete case of the nuisances of the urban road transport by focusing on emissions of pollution gases. We present then the methods of economic evaluations of these externalities of the transport. We show then, by an experience in the city of Tunis, how the models for the static traffic assignement can be used to calculate these gases emissions. These models also allow to calculate the congestion of the network. The idea is widened to establish the complex link between congestion on the one hand, and environment and living environment on the other hand. Finally, we end the comment by giving some perspectives on the alternatives in fossil fuels for the propulsion of the engines of the cars by indicating, for every solution, its consequences on the environment, mainly in emission of atmospheric pollutants
Debizet, Gilles. "Déplacements urbains de personnes : de la planification des transports à la gestion durable de la mobilité : mutations d'une expertise". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006468.
Texto completoFouilloux, Virginie. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité et de la gestion des risques en chirurgie cardiaque. : Conception, réalisation et évaluation de techniques d'enseignement basées sur la simulation sur modèle animal vivant". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5046/document.
Texto completoThe quality and the risk management became, during the last decade, the main stakes within the initiatives of improvement of medical and paramedical practices.Education and teaching have to constitute the basement on which these various steps can build. In the field of health, the simulation stands out as one of the most successful tools contributing to the improvement of the practices.Our work concerns more particularly the very specialized area represented by cardiac surgery. We propose an educational tool based on the simulation from an in-vivo animal model.After a first stage to design the model and its relevance, two curriculum of training, one concerning basics and the other concerning continuing medical education, are proposed and assessed.To improve the quality and the risk management in France, a comparison with the initiatives already established abroad, in particular in Canada, is depicted.Finally, the School of the CEC comes to illustrate what could be, in France, an example of training curriculum for medical and paramedical professions in the field of the cardiac surgery
Zaaraoui, Hind. "Gestion de ressources bout-en-bout et contrôle de la qualité de service en mobilité dans les réseaux LTE/LTE-Advanced". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0220/document.
Texto completoThe technology evolution of Radio Access Network (RAN) in the context of 5th Generation (5G) is not only guided by improving the network performance but also by the need to transform all the technologies into intelligent dynamic ones. The new 5G is a flexible technology that will be able to satisfy at the same time each user of any type of mobility (static or mobile) or service request (real and non-real time service) without modifying any models or algorithms in networks. All physical use cases will be able to be considered by the network intelligently and resource managed automatically. The objective of this thesis is to analyse and enhance radio performance taking into account vehicular mobility by managing dynamically and intelligently the available resources. To this end, we describe different users mobility models for discrete and continuous modeling. The discrete model using the well-known car following model is well adapted for simulations. The continuous one is useful to derive analytical key performance indicators (KPI). The novelty of the thesis is the analytical formulation of KPIs that take into account the physical mobility in the radio traffic which is not necessary stationary. As an example, the impact of a traffic light on performance indicators in a cell is investigated. It is shown that a periodical physical traffic congestion due to the traffic light deteriorate periodically the cell performance. A first given solution is to improve resource allocation and control in the context of LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network. A small cell is deployed near the traffic light to relieve periodic congestion and QoS degradation. Three resource allocation and control schemes are investigated: a full frequency reuse, a static and a dynamic frequency splitting algorithm that are optimized with respect to a throughput based alpha-fair utility. For sake of financial and energy costs decreasing, another solution is provided using new antenna array technologies in order to manage efficiently heterogeneous, fixed and mobile traffic. A heterogeneous antenna system with different large antenna array technologies is considered to ooad static congestion areas and also the dynamical mobile congestion: Virtual Small Cell (VSC), virtual small cell with Self-Organizing Network (VSC-SON) and beamforming with multilevel global codebook that manages the heterogeneous antenna system at the Base Station (BS). The first two technologies improve the cell performance due to the capability to focus the signal at the traffic concentration. The novel beamforming solution with global codebook can further and significantly improve performance due to the capability to focus the signal along the road and to implicitly balance the traffic between the different antennas. We compare all these technologies and their impact on the network performance. The issue of user selection to allocate a portion (in time or in bandwidth) of the available resource is also analyzed. Moreover the context of resource management and network performance for 5G in high mobility is one of the future challenges. Thanks to the Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT) technology, networks can have Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) information with Geo-Localized Measurements (GLM).We introduce the concept of Forecast Scheduler for users in high mobility. It is assumed that a Radio Environment Map (REM) can provide interpolated SINR values along the user trajectories. Mobile users experience in their trajectories different mean SINR values. In mobile networks, schedulers exploit channel quality variation by giving the signal to the user experiencing best channel conditions while remaining fair. Nevertheless, we cannot record data rates of users with high mobility due to a very small time coherence. The Forecast Scheduling will exploit the SINR variation during users' trajectories
González, Martínez Nelson Fernando. "Communiquer l’empire : l’administration du courrier dans le monde hispano-américain (1501-1768)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH079.
Texto completoFrom the 16th century, between Spain and America there was an important exchange of mails. To the different rhythms, and resorting to diverse procedures, many agents acquired the capacity to send and receive correspondence. The « colonial mail » was composed of manuscripts, books, some minerals, maps and another great quantity of objects. Traditionally, the historiography devoted to the Indian world, has highlighted the defaults of the Spanish-American postal system. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that this means of communication allowed the circulation of correspondences to numerous scales. The present dissertation analyzes the forms of administration that strengthened such postal system. The intention is not in any case to rescue « the virtues » of the Spanish-American mail. On the contrary, I examine the certain « successes » and « failures » of this communicative transcontinental device. I will study the postal system that the Hapsburg put into operation in Spain and inside their Indian possessions from the 16th century. Concretely, the work approaches the period between 1501 and 1768. Exactly in 1768, the Spanish crown eliminated the offices of Major Mail that supposed the administration of the mail for « particular » (private) sectors, and stimulated a model managed by the Crown. The contribution of the American sectors and the experience of native peoples was essential to organize the Spanish-American postal system
Bou, Farah Mira. "Méthodes utilisant des fonctions de croyance pour la gestion des informations imparfaites dans les réseaux de véhicules". Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0208/document.
Texto completoThe popularization of vehicles has created safety and environmental problems. Projects havebeen launched worldwide to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion and bring more comfortto drivers. The vehicle network environment is dynamic and complex, sources are often heterogeneous,and therefore the exchanged information may be imperfect. The theory of belief functionsoffers flexibility in uncertainty modeling and provides rich tools for managing different types of imperfection.It is used to represent uncertainty, manage and fuse the various acquired information.We focus on the management of imperfect information exchanged between vehicles concerningevents on the road. The carried work distinguishes local events and spatial events, which do nothave the same characteristics. In an environment without infrastructure where each vehicle is afusion center and creates its own vision, the goal is to provide to each driver the synthesis of thesituation on the road as close as possible to the reality. Different models using belief functionsare proposed. Different strategies are considered: discount or reinforce towards the absence of theevent to take into account messages ageing, keep the original messages or just the fusion result invehicle database, consider the world update, manage the spatiality of traffic jam events by takinginto account neighborhood. Perspectives remain numerous; some are developed in the manuscriptas the generalization of proposed methods to all spatial events such as fog blankets
Liang, Man. "Optimisation du réseau de routes en zone terminale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30003/document.
Texto completoCongestion in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA) at hub airports is the main problem in Chinese air transportation system. Facing extremely dense operations in complex TMA, we can consider reducing traffic complexity by solving all potential conflicts in advance with a feasible trajectory control for controllers, or automating a large proportion of routine operations, such as sequencing, merging and spacing. As parallel runways are a common structure of Chinese hub airports, in this thesis, we propose a novel system to integrated sequencing and merging aircraft to parallel runways. Our methodology integrates a Area Navigation (RNAV)-based 3D Multi-Level and Multi-Point Merge System (MLMPMS), a hybrid heuristic optimization algorithm and a simulation module to find good, systematic, operationally-acceptable solutions. First, a Receding Horizon Control (RHC) technique is applied to divide 24-hour traffic optimization problem into several sub- problems. Then, in each sub-problem, a tailored Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and a trajectory generation module worn together to find a near-optimal solution. Our primary objective is to rapidly generate conflict-free and economical trajectories with easy, flexible and feasible control methods. Based on an initial solution, we continuously explore possible good solutions with less delay and shorter landing interval on runway. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a case to study, numerical results show that our optimization system performs well. First, it has very stable de-conflict performance to handle continuously dense traffic flows. Compared with Hill Climbing (HC), the tailored SA algorithm can always guarantee a conflict-free solution not only for the mixed or segregated parallel approach (arrivals only) pattern, but also for the independent parallel operation (integrated departures and arrivals) pattern. Second, with its unique Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) route network, it can provide a good trajectory control solution to efficiently and economically handle different kinds of arrival flows. It can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, compared with baseline. It also realizes an easier re-sequencing of aircraft with more relaxed position shifting as well, compared with conventional sequencing method. Theoretically, the Maximum Position Shifting (MPS) can be up to 6 positions, overcoming the hard constraint of 3 position shifts (MPS <= 3). Third, it is efficient for the segregated parallel approach patterns. Compared with hard constrained position shifting, which is often used in current Arrival Manager (AMAN) system and controller's manual-control First Come First Served (FCFS) method, it can reduce the average delay, average additional transit time in super dense arrival situations. The average time flown level per flight is less than 12% of total transit time in TMA. Fourth, in independent parallel patterns, it can provide a range of useful information concerning the associated objective value, the average flying time, crossing trajectories in hot spots between arrivals and departures, the efficiency of using different designed sequencing legs in ML-PM route network
Stevanovic, Dalibor. "Application du modèle logit mixte emboîté dans le cadre de l'estimation de la demande de transport". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24130/24130.pdf.
Texto completoGély, Laurent. "Modélisation et optimisation de la gestion opérationnelle des circulations en cas d'aléas". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551419.
Texto completoFarah, Ihsen. "Optimisation des flux de trafic aérien". Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0003.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we adress the Air Traffic Flow Management Problem (TFMP). We present a new Integer Linear Program which takes into account all phases of flight. We purpose also a Max-Min ant system algorithm to resolve the TFMP. Numerical simulations are applied to real data to show the effectiveness of our new formulation and our approach. We adress also the static Aircraft Landing Problem (ALP). We propose a quadratic integer program and propose a change of variables to linearize the model. Second objective is to resolve effectivly this model. Therefore, an exact method based on Branch and Bound algorithm is presented. We propose also an Ant Colony System to resolve the instances with a big size. To confirm this work, simulation and computer modeling results for both of the heuristic and exact algorithm are presented
Peyronne, Clément. "Modélisation mathématique et résolution automatique de conflits par algorithmes génétiques et par optimisation locale continue". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855296.
Texto completoLidin, Renée. "Commande dynamique de réseaux de commande de chauffage urbain". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1986. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00654162.
Texto completoDéveloppement de logiciels d'aide à la compréhension du comportement dynamique du réseau, à sa gestion optimale face à des variations de données extérieures (consommations, tarifs énergétiques,...). Modélisation et optimisation du fonctionnement hydraulique et thermique du réseau, par rapport à la somme du coût de production de l'eau chaude, et du coût de fonctionnement des pompes. Exemples de simulation et d'optimisation réalisées sur des petits réseaux
Chaimatanan, Supatcha. "Planification stratégique de trajectoires d'avions". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064452.
Texto completoAli, Ahmad. "L' approche multi-agents pour le pilotage des systèmes complexes appliquée aux systèmes du trafic urbain". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725327.
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