Tesis: "Cicer Arietinum L"

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Wakankar, M. "Molecular studies on a lectin from cicer arietinum L". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2013. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2176.

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Staginnus, Christina. "Repetitive DNA-Sequenzen im Genom der Kichererbse (Cicer arietinum L.)". [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964604442.

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3

Aminu, Aliyu. "Inactivation of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus on chickpea, Cicer arietinum L". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/18204/.

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Insect specific viruses like nucleopolyhedrosisvirus (NPV) can provide an alternative and effective insect pest control compared to conventional chemicals; however, on certain crops like chickpea efficacy of the virus is limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that inactivation on chickpea was leaf surface based and rapid, however, the compound identified (isoflavonoid, sissotrin) could not account for the total inactivation that was recorded on chickpea leaves. The present study investigated further the legume-NPV insect interaction, with aim of identifying conclusively the compound(s) responsible for NPV inactivation on chickpea, and also to determine if the same plant chemistry also occurs on two other major African and Asian legumes, cowpea and pigeonpea, and to understand the mechanism involved. Laboratory results showed that chickpea leaf surface was more inactivating to NPV than cowpea or pigeonpea. Although both cowpea and pigeon also reduced the efficacy of NPV the effect was relatively small. Bioassays with the isoflavonoids (biochanin A and formononetin), identified to be present or induced at higher levels after spraying with HearNPV, showed that although both compounds significantly reduced NPV efficacy, the effect was modest compared to that recorded on chickpea leaves. When the most abundant chickpea acids (malic and oxalic) were mixed with different concentrations of the isoflavonoids and tested on NPV, significant inactivation was observed which was comparable to that obtained on chickpea leaves. The inactivation of NPV by the combination of chickpea acids plus isoflavonoids was not dependent on high concentrations of isoflavonoid tested, suggesting that chickpea acids alone could be responsible. Therefore, further tests were carried out to determine the role of the acids alone on NPV. The most abundant chickpea acids were prepared at different concentrations and tested with the virus at high lethal concentration. The results showed that chickpea acids alone were responsible for the inactivation of NPV, and among the two acids tested, oxalic was found to be more active against the virus. Although the inactivation was shown to correlate negatively with pH of the acids, the results suggest that oxalic acid was exerting its effect independently of the pH. This is the first study to demonstrate that organic acids of chickpea were responsible for inactivation of NPV. The findings from this study will be helpful in identifying suitable formulation additives to improve the field persistence of NPV on chickpea and other crops.

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4

Chang, Yu-Wei 1977. "Isolation and characterization of proteins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115839.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed is a potential source of protein ingredients with desirable nutritional and functional properties. Knowledge of molecular characteristics of a food protein is essential before a protein can gain widespread use as a food ingredient. The objectives of this study were to prepare chickpea proteins using different extraction methods and precipitation methods and to investigate molecular characteristics using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE; Native and SDS), reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. Proteins of ground chickpea seed were extracted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and with citric acid solutions and precipitated with addition of acid and by cryoprecipitation. The protein contents of the protein preparation ranged from 49% to 97%. The microstructures of chickpea protein isolates examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of starch grains in the cryoprecipitates from citric acid extraction but not in isoelectric precipitates. The globulins (legumins and vicilins), glutelins, and albumins from both citric acid and NaOH isolates were characterized by Native-PAGE. The cryoprecipitates contained mainly the globulin-rich proteins. With SDS-PAGE characterization, protein subunits were identified as follows: (i) legumin subunits: MW 40, 39, 26, 23, and 22 kDa, (ii) vicilin subunits: MW 50, 37, 33, 19, and 15 kDa, (iii) glutelin subunits: 58, 55, and 54 kDa, and (iv) albumin subunits: 10 kDa. Separation of fractions of isolated chickpea proteins by RP-HPLC showed that early eluting fractions (Rt 20-30 min) consisted of subunits of MW 6.5-31 kDa (SDS-PAGE). At elution time 30-36 min, the fractions obtained were composed mainly of mixtures of legumin and vicilin subunits (MW 14-45 kDa). The major subunits of chickpea protein fractions from both cryoprecipitates and isoelectric precipitates are legumin basic subunit (MW∼23 kDa) and vicilin-rich proteins (MW∼19, 17, 15 kDa). ESI-MS analysis of fractions separated by RP-HPLC showed MW ranging between 5.1 and 53.5 kDa. The subunits of MW 35366, 27626, 22864, 20531, 16092, and 15626 Da of fractions from ESI-MS corresponded to MW 35.3, 28.0, 24.1, 20.5, 16.1, and 15.3 kDa identified in SDS-PAGE. These fractions were identified as legumin-rich and vicilin-rich proteins.

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5

Bendre, A. D. "Structural and functional characterization of kunitz inhibitor from Cicer arietinum L". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/4531.

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6

Khan, Habib Ur Rahman. "Responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to zinc supply and water deficits". Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk4446.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 201-228. Widespread deficiencies of mineral nutrients in soils along with limited moisture supply are considered major environmental stresses leading to yield losses in chickpea. This study was conducted to determine the zinc requirement of chickpea and the effect on plant water relations. Critical zinc concentration was estimated. It was found that high and low moisture regimes had no effect on critical zinc concentration and that the value remained almost the same in all chickpea genotypes. Sensitivity of 28 chickpea genotypes were evaluated at two zinc levels. Field studies on zinc fertilization in both Australia and Pakistan showed that the application of zinc increased grain yield in all chickpea genotypes. It was found that plants grown under zinc deficiency could not exploit available soil moisture and water use and water use efficiency was reduced, and concluded that high zinc availability may enhance the ability of plants to endure periods of drought by promoting osmotic adjustment.

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7

Legesse, Nigussu. "Genotypic comparisons of imbibition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU546773.

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Examination of the imbibition characteristics of eighty chickpea genetic lines (53 Desi and 27 Kabuli types) and eleven cowpea cultivars revealed that in both species seeds with unpigmented testae imbibed more rapidly than the pigmented seeds. Rapid imbibition was associated with high solute leakage, indicative of possible imbibition damage. Further evidence of imbibition damage was revealed in cowpea where the rapidly imbibing unpigmented seeds had poor vital staining with tetrazolium chloride after 24h imbibition. In chickpea, all the genetic lines of white Kabuli seeds had similar rapid rates of imbibition. In contrast, the pigmented Desi genetic lines revealed a range of rates of water uptake although many imbibed more slowly than the Kabuli lines. The incidence of delayed imbibers, that is, seeds which failed to imbibe until after 8h in water, was the main reason for reduced rates of imbibition in Desi lines. The restriction to water uptake by the pigmented seeds was mainly influenced by the properties of the seed coat. In cowpea seeds, the permeability of the seed coat was the most important factor limiting water uptake whereas in chickpea the permeability of the seed coat as a whole and of the micropyle as well as the degree of adherence of the seed coat to the cotyledons were important in regulating the movement of water into the seed. Investigation of the rate of imbibition during the maturation of dwarf French bean, cowpea and chickpea seeds revealed that development of slow water uptake by coloured cultivars was clearly associated with the appearance of pigmentation. In chickpea, this also coincided with the development of the adherence of the seed coat to the cotyledons. In contrast, seeds from unpigmented cultivars imbibed rapidly at all stages of maturation. Examination of the seed coat anatomy of chickpea and cowpea indicated that the pigmented seeds tended to have shorter and narrower palisade cells and also shorter tracheid bars than the unpigmented seeds. Differences in water uptake by Kabuli and Desi seeds were not evident when seeds were stored at 100% relative humidity and 40^oC for days. All seeds deteriorated at a similar rate. However, the importance of initial seed quality in influencing deterioration during storage was emphasised by the rapid loss of germination of the Kabuli seeds in which germination and vital staining revealed poor initial quality.

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8

Tongden, Cyaria. "Biochemical characterization of temperature stress response of Cicer Arietinum L and induction of thermotolerance". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/920.

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9

Oz, M. Tufan. "Optimization Of Selection Conditions And Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation Of Chickpea (cicer Arietinum L. Cv. Gokce)". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605842/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study was to optimize an efficient selection system and Agrobacterium mediated transformation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Cotyledonary node explants of Turkish chickpea cultivar Gö
kç
e were used to determine the effects of selective agents, two antibiotics (Kanamycin, Hygromycin) and two herbicides (PPT, Glyphosate) as well as four antibiotics (Augmentin, Carbenicillin, Cefotaxime, Timentin) for eliminating Agrobacterium on multiple shoot and root induction. Selective agents and antibiotics were applied to explants at different concentrations for one month and numbers of regenerated shoots and roots were recorded. Kanamycin at 100 mg/L, Hygromycin at 20 mg/L, PPT at 3 mg/L and Glyphosate at 5 mg/L were found to be appropriate to select chickpea transformants. Lowest concentrations of all selective agents (50 mg/L Kanamycin, 10 mg/L Hygromycin, 3 mg/L PPT, 1 mg/L Glyphosate) totally inhibited rooting of the regenerated shoots. Among the Agrobacterium-eliminating antibiotics, Cefotaxime and Augmentin each up to 600 mg/L had no adverse effect on shoot induction, whereas Timentin (300 mg/L) significantly increased and Carbenicillin (300 mg/L) significantly decreased shoot induction after four weeks of culture. Augmentin was determined to have no effect on rooting capacities of chickpea shoots. However Cefotaxime at all concentrations significantly decreased root induction. On the other hand only high concentrations of Carbenicillin (300 mg/L) and Timentin (200 mg/L) significantly decreased rooting. Sulbactam in combination with Carbenicillin and Cefotaxime displayed effective inhibition of bacterial growth. Furthermore, Agrobacterium mediated transformation procedure for cotyledonary node explants of Gö
kç
e, was also optimized by monitoring transient uidA expression on 4th, 9th, and 16th days after transformation. Transformation procedure was improved via mechanical injury of axillary region of explants and application of vacuum infiltration at 200 mmHg for 40 minutes.

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10

Leisso, Rachel Sue. "Integrated management and causes of damping off disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Montana". Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/leisso/LeissoR0808.pdf.

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Chickpea is a minor crop in Montana with great potential for increase in both the conventional and organic sector. The semi-arid climate of much of Montana is well-suited to organic chickpea production, which commands a higher market price than conventional chickpea. Ranking third in the nation for certified organic cropland acres, many operations in Montana are already capable of organic chickpea production. There is a need for rotational crops such as chickpea that are compatible with organic wheat production. In addition to their profit potential, chickpea can perform valuable functions in wheat rotations such as fixing nitrogen and breaking insect pest and disease cycles. Damping-off of chickpea is one of the critical concerns of producers raising organic chickpea. Little was known about the pathogens causing damping off in Montana prior to this research. To determine the organisms responsible for damping off, pathogens were isolated from chickpeas affected by damping off at three field sites and identified to genera. Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. are the predominate causes of damping off in Montana. Fusarium spp. have not been previously reported in association with damping off of chickpea. To determine if the Fusarium isolates were pathogenic or facultatively pathogenic, eight isolates of Fusarium were indentified to species and pathogenicity tests were performed under controlled conditions. All isolates caused damping off of chickpea. Damping off incidence and severity increased with increasing moisture levels for the majority of the Fusarium isolates. Seed treatments are the most common method of preventing damping off, and biological seed treatments are a control option for organic and conventional growers. The potential for control of chickpea damping off using biological and fungicide seed treatments was tested in greenhouse trials and at three field locations in Montana in 2007. Biological seed treatments Bacillus pumilus GB34 (Yield Shield), B. subtilis GB03 (Kodiak), and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain KRL-AG2 (T-22 Planter Box) were compared with conventional seed treatments fluidoxonil (Maxim) and mefenoxam (Apron XL LS) and combinations of biological and fungicide seed treatments in field trials. Treatments containing the chemical fungicide mefenoxam, which targets oomycete pathogens, were most effective for controlling damping off. Biological seed treatments were not effective at controlling damping off.

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11

Inácio, José Miguel Mira Lopes. "Controlo de infestantes em pós-emergência na cultura do grão-de-bico (Cicer Arietinum L.)". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29690.

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O presente trabalho foi levado a cabo na Herdade do Passinho (Elvas), pertença do INIAV (Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária) no ano agrícola de 2018/2019 e consistiu no estudo do efeito de dois herbicidas comerciais, no caso o Agil® e o Lentagran®, cujas substâncias ativas são o propaquizafope e o piridato, respetivamente. A primeira destas duas substâncias ativas, está indicada para controlar infestantes de folha estreita (monocotiledóneas) e a segunda, para controlar infestantes de folha larga (dicotiledóneas) em pós-emergência, na cultura do grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.). Foi objetivo deste trabalho, estudar a eficácia do propaquizafope no controlo do Lolium rigidum Gaudin (erva-febra) e do piridato, no controlo das infestantes de folha larga presentes no ensaio, bem como o seu efeito na produtividade da cultura. Para isso, aplicaram-se três doses diferentes de propaquizafope em mistura com uma dose de piridato, em duas épocas diferentes, correspondendo cada uma delas a dois estádios de desenvolvimento também diferentes, das infestantes e da própria cultura. Constatou-se, que a eficácia do propaquizafope no controlo do Lolium rigidum foi elevada para as duas doses mais altas, em ambas as épocas de aplicação e significativamente menor para a dose mais baixa, também em ambas as épocas. O piridato, mostrou uma muito baixa eficácia no controlo das infestantes dicotiledóneas, em ambas as épocas de aplicação. Esta baixa eficácia, conduziu a uma diferença não significativa na produtividade da cultura entre todos os tratamentos, onde se aplicaram os herbicidas. Não foram observados, quaisquer sintomas de fitotoxidade dos herbicidas na cultura; Post-emergence weed control in chickpea crop (Cicer Arietinum L.) ABSTRACT: The present work was carried out in the Farm of Passinho (Elvas), belonging to INIAV (National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research) in the year of 2018/2019 and consisted in the study of the effect of two commercial herbicides, in this case Agil® and Lentagran®, whose active ingredients are propaquizafop and pyridate, respectively. The first of these two active ingredients is indicated to control grass weeds and the second, to control broadleaved weeds in post-emergence, in the chickpea crop (Cicer arietinum L.). The aim of this work was to study the efficacy of propaquizafop in the control of Lolium rigidum Gaudin (erva-febra) and pyridate, in the control of broadleaved weeds present in the experiment, as well as its effect on crop yield. For this, three different doses of propaquizafop were applied in mixture with a dose of pyridate, in two different timings, each corresponding also, to two different weed and crop development stages. The obtained results showed that the efficacy of propaquizafop in the control of Lolium rigidum was high for the two highest doses, in both application timings and significantly lower for the lowest dose, also in both timings. Pyridate showed a very low efficacy in the control of broadleaved weeds in both application timings. This low efficacy led to a non-significant difference in crop yield among all treatments, where herbicides were applied. No symptoms of herbicide phytotoxicity were observed in the crop.

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Manje, G. S. J. "Molecular analysis of fusarium wilt resistance and yield related traits in chickpea (cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2009. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2716.

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13

Pereira, Carlos Miguel Ferreira. "Estudo da variabilidade espacial da aptidão das terras para o grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) numa zona do Alentejo, como ferramenta de apoio à decisão". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18254.

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O grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) é uma das culturas proteaginosa mais importantes do mundo, desempenhando um papel importante na alimentação humana, como suplemento das necessidades em proteína vegetal. O presente estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a definição de zonas de aptidão, em função das características físicas e químicas do solo, das disponibilidades hídricas para as diferentes fases do ciclo fenológico e das formas de relevo para a cultura de Outono/Inverno em regime de sequeiro. A metodologia foi implementada em ambiente Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) permitindo a produção de cartografia. Esta é uma ferramenta de gestão permitindo a seleção de zonas mais adaptadas à cultura. Da aplicação da metodologia verificou-se que as maiores limitações edafo-climáticas estão relacionadas com profundidade e capacidade de retenção de água do solo; ABSTRACT: Study of the spatial variability of land suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in an region in Alentejo, as a decision support tool The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important protein crop in the world. It plays an important role in human nutrition, as a supplement to the needs of vegetable protein. The objective of this study was the development of a methodology for the definition of land suitability areas, as fuction of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, hydric availability for the different cultural phenological phases and land forms. The methodology was implemented in a Geographical Information System (GIS) with map production. This is a management tool allowing the selection of the most suited areas for the culture. Main edaphoclimatic limitations were related with depth and water retention of the soil.

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Alloush, Ghiath Ahmad. "The mechanism of mobilization of iron from soil minerals in the rhizosphere of Cicer arietinum L". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277495.

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15

Chang, Yu-Wei. "Isolation and characterization of protein fractions from chickpea («Cicer arietinum» L.) and oat («Avena sativa» L.) seeds using proteomic techniques". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95049.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds are important sources of protein ingredients with potential nutritional, functional and bioactive properties. Protein fractions were prepared from chickpea and oat using sequential extractions with distilled water (albumins), NaCl solution (globulins) and NaOH solution (glutelins), respectively. Molecular characteristics of individual protein fractions were investigated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native- and SDS-PAGE, and 2-DGE) in combination with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Tryptic peptide sequences were identified using proteomic techniques including 1D trypsin in-gel digestion, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis and Mascot MS/MS ion search. Sequence similarity and potential bioactivity of proteins were examined using BLAST and BIOPEP analysis, respectively. Native-PAGE results showed chickpea and oat globulin fractions (C-Gb and O-Gb) contained proteins corresponding to legumin (11S) and avenalin (12S), respectively. SDS-PAGE revealed that chickpea albumin and globulin fractions (C-Ab and C-Gb) showed protein bands with MWs related to legumin (11S) and pea vicilin (7S) while chickpea glutelin fraction (C-Gt) showed protein bands with MWs related to rice glutelin; oat protein fractions (O-Ab, O-Gb and O-Gt) showed protein bands with MWs related to oat 12S globulin (avenalin). α- and β-subunits of globulin and glutelin fractions from chickpea and oat were identified with estimated MWs ranging from 31 to 45 kDa and from 21 to 31 kDa, respectively. In vitro chickpea albumin, globulin and glutelin hydrolysates showed DH of 22.8%, 28.6% and 28.8%, respectively; SDS-PAGE revealed that legumin α- and β-subunits from chickpea globulin fraction (C-Gb) were hydrolyzed. The identified tryptic peptides from chickpea and oat protein fractions showed sequence homology that corresponded to chickpea l
Les semences du pois chiche (Cicer arietinum L.) et de l'avoine (Avena sativa L.) sont d'importantes sources d'ingrédients protéiques dont les propriétés nutritionnelles, fonctionnelles et bioactives démontrent un grand potentiel. Les fractions protéiques ont été préparées à partir du pois chiche et de l'avoine par extraction séquentielle avec de l'eau distillée (albumine), une solution de NaCl (globuline) et une solution de NaOH (glutelines), respectivement. Les caractéristiques moléculaires des fractions de protéines individuelles ont été examinées par électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide (non dénaturante et SDS-PAGE, et 2-DGE) en combinaison avec la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance en phase inversée. Les séquences de peptides tryptiques ont été identifiées par des techniques protéomiques telles que la digestion de trypsine en gel unidimensionnelle, l'analyse chromatographique en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem avec ionisation de type électrospray (LC-ESI-MS/MS), et la recherche d'ions MS/MS (Mascot). Les similarités séquentielles et la bioactivité potentielle des protéines ont été examinées sous analyse par BLAST et BIOPEP, respectivement. Les résultats de l'électrophorèse non dénaturante en gel de polyacrylamide démontrent que les fractions de globulines du pois chiche et d'avoine (C-Gb et O-Gb) contiennent des protéines correspondant aux légumines (11S) et avenaline (12S), respectivement. La SDS-PAGE révèle que les fractions d'albumine et de globuline de pois chiche (C-Ab et C-Gb) montrent des bandes protéiques ayant des poids moléculaires reliés à la légumine (11S) et le viciline de pois (7S) alors que la fraction de glutéline de pois chiche (C-Gt) montre des bandes protéiques avec des poids moléculaires reliés à la glutéline de riz; les fractions protéiques d'avoine (O-Ab, O-Gb et O-Gt) montrent de bandes protéiques avec des poids moléculaire

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Simoni, Rayssa Cristina. "Hidratação de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) : estudo cinético e influência na qualidade tecnológica do grão". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/53010.

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Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Regina Maria Matos Jorge
Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Luiz Mário Matos Jorge
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos. Defesa : Curitiba, 29/08/2017
Inclui referências : f. 117-132
Resumo: O grão-de-bico é uma leguminosa de grande valor agregado, sendo a hidratação uma etapa essencial no seu processamento de modo a facilitar a cocção e o consumo. O presente trabalho apresenta a caracterização de duas variedades de grão-de-bico (BRS Aleppo e BRS Cícero); o estudo cinético do processo de hidratação, verificando juntamente o mecanismo de transporte de água por análise com corante; efeitos térmicos; avaliação morfológica dos amidos extraídos dos grãos in natura e dos hidratados por 2, 6 e 10 horas; influência da hidratação na cor, textura e teor de taninos; e as propriedades termodinâmicas. Os grãos foram imersos em água destilada a 25, 45, 65 e 85 °C, por 10 horas. Os modelos empíricos de Peleg, Page e Primeira Ordem e os fenomenológicos de Omoto-Jorge e Difusão foram aplicados às cinéticas de hidratação. As análises químicas apresentaram diferenças na composição das amostras, porém ambas são ricas em minerais e contém elevado teor proteico. As termogravimétricas expuseram dois principais eventos: a desidratação e a etapa de maior degradação do amido, referente a despolimerização das cadeias do polissacarídeo por meio de um processo não-oxidativo, com perda de massa das variedades de, aproximadamente, 76%. As temperaturas de gelatinização resultaram em 64,15 °C para a BRS Aleppo e 61,75 °C para a BRS Cícero. Nestas condições verificou-se que a modificação morfológica dos grânulos de amido ocorreu em 65 °C, com 6 e 10 horas, e em 85 °C, em todos os tempos de hidratação avaliados, obtendo uma pasta característica da gelatinização. A cinética de hidratação foi caracterizada pela alta taxa de absorção inicial, seguida de uma redução até atingir o equilíbrio. O aumento da temperatura favoreceu o ganho de umidade para a BRS Aleppo, porém, para a BRS Cícero não houve diferença significativa entre as temperaturas de 25 e 65 °C e entre 45 e 85 °C. Houve redução significativa da dureza dos grãos ao longo do tempo, decaindo em torno de 84 e 83% para as variedades BRS Aleppo e BRS Cícero, respectivamente, hidratadas a 25 °C e de 95% para ambas as variedades em 85 °C. Os teores de taninos foram baixos e reduziram com o tratamento térmico e as análises de cor apresentaram alterações, com escurecimento a 85 °C e intensificação da cor amarela. Por meio do ensaio com corante constatouse que o sistema comporta-se como de parâmetros distribuídos. Os modelos de melhor representatividade do processo de hidratação (Peleg, Page e Difusão) foram considerados para obtenção das equações generalizadas que descreveram satisfatoriamente o processo de hidratação, com desvio máximo de ± 6,5% para as duas variedades nos modelos empíricos generalizados e de ± 17% para a BRS Aleppo e ± 12% para a BRS Cícero para o fenomenológico generalizado. Destes obteve-se a energia de ativação, a qual foi superior quando comparada ao feijão, demonstrando maior limitação na hidratação do grão-de-bico em relação a esta outra leguminosa. Pelos valores de variação de entalpia, entropia e energia livre de Gibbs verificou-se um processo energeticamente não-espontâneo para qualquer temperatura. Palavras-chave: modelagem, leguminosa, morfologia do amido.
Abstract: Chickpea is a legume of great added value, with hydration being an essential step in its processing in order to facilitate cooking and consumption. The present work presents the characterization of two varieties of chickpeas (BRS Aleppo and BRS Cícero); the kinetic study of the hydration process, verifying together the water transport mechanism by dye analysis; thermal effects; morphological evaluation of starches extracted from naturals grains and hydrated for 2, 6 and 10 hours; hydration influence on color, texture and tannin content; and thermodynamic properties. The beans were immersed in distilled water at 25, 45, 65 and 85 °C for 10 hours. The empirical models of Peleg, Page and First Order and the phenomenological ones of Omoto-Jorge and Diffusion were applied to hydration kinetics. The chemical analyzes showed differences in the composition of the samples, but both are rich in minerals and contain high protein content. The thermogravimetric analysis showed two main events: dehydration and the stage of greater degradation of the starch, related to the depolymerization of the polysaccharide chains by a non-oxidative process, with loss of mass of the varieties of approximately 76%. Gelatinization temperatures resulted in 64,15 °C for BRS Aleppo and 61,75 °C for BRS Cicero. Under these conditions the morphological modification of the starch granules occurred at 65 °C, at 6 and 10 hours, and at 85 °C, at all evaluated hydration times, obtaining a paste characteristic of gelatinization. The hydration kinetics were characterized by the high initial absorption rate, followed by a reduction until reaching equilibrium. The increase in temperature favored the BRS Aleppo moisture gain, but for BRS Cícero there was no significant difference between temperatures of 25 and 65 °C and between 45 and 85 °C. There was a significant reduction in grain hardness over time, decreasing by 84% and 83% for BRS Aleppo and BRS Cícero, respectively, hydrated at 25 °C, and 95% for both varieties at 85 °C. The tannin contents were low and reduced with the heat treatment and the color analysis showed changes, with darkening at 85 °C and intensification of the yellow color. By means of the test with dye was verified that the system behaves like a distributed parameters. The models of better representation of hydration process (Peleg, Page and Diffusion) were considered to obtain the generalized equations that satisfactorily described the hydration process, with a maximum deviation of ± 6,5% for the two varieties in generalized empirical model and ±17% for BRS Aleppo and ±12% for BRS Cícero for the generalized phenomenological model. From these, the activation energy was obtained, which was higher than beans, demonstrating a greater limitation in the hydration of the chickpeas in relation to this other legume. By the values of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy variations, a non-spontaneous energetic process at any temperature was observed. Keywords: modeling, legume, starch morphology.

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LABDI, MOHAMED. "Etude de la resistance a l'anthracnose (ascochyta rabiei (pass. ) labr. ) chez le pois chiche (cicer arietinum l. )". Montpellier, ENSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENSA0030.

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L'anthracnose, due a a. Rabiei (pass. ) lab. , est la maladie la plus importante du pois chiche (cicer arietinum l. ). Pour cela, une etude a ete realisee a icarda (alep, syrie) en vue d'approfondir les connaissances sur la nature des relations du couple cicer arietinum-a. Rabiei et de preciser l'heredite de la resistance du pois chiche a ce pathogene. L'etude du pouvoir pathogene des six races a permis de classer celles-ci selon leur ordre d'agressivite et de determiner la nature de l'interaction cicer arietinum-a. Rabiei, globalement de type non differentielle. Cette etude a mis en evidence la predominance du caractere d'agressivite chez les six races d'a. Rabiei ainsi que la nature partielle de la resistance des lignees utilisees. Elle a aussi montre que la resistance: n'est pas stable durant le cycle vegetatif de la plante et que la sensibilite est plus importante apres le stade floraison, est variable sous l'effet de la temperature pour une grande partie des lignees etudiees, est hautement correlee aux periodes d'incubation et de latence, peut etre selectionnee au stade jeune. L'etude de 16 croisements a montre que la resistance a la race 4 d'a. Rabiei est de nature recessive ou partiellement recessive et est sous le controle de plusieurs genes. L'analyse des moyennes de familles concernant les memes croisements, a revele la presence d'interactions inter-alleliques dans la regulation de la resistance a a. Rabiei. L'hypothese que des interactions plus complexes peuvent aussi commander cette resistance a ete retenue pour certains croisements, indiquant que cette resistance est de nature quantitative. L'etude des generations f1 et f2 d'un demi diallele 8x8 a montre aux stades jeune et adulte une aptitude generale a la combinaison (agc) elevee, une variance d'additivite predominante et une heritabilite au sens etroit forte. La resistance pour ces deux stades pourrait etre determinee par des genes differents

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Malheiro, Maria da Piedade Rocheta Rangel de Meneses. "Estudo preliminar dos benefícios económicos e ambientais da expansão da produção e área de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) em Portugal". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7400.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Through this work it was meant to analyse grain legumes evolution, confirming their role in agriculture. Its study is associated to fundamental issues related with sustainable agriculture concerns, combined with environmental issues and also the role of this sector on Portuguese economy. Grain legumes have always been associated to human consumption and animal nutrition, besides its particularity of N2 -fixation, being considered good cultural precedents. The main goal was to stimulate both economic and environmental benefits of beans and grain legumes productions and area expansion. For this analysis, and in order to achieve the main goal some research data, which could explain both bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) sectors evolution in portugues market, were collected; in addition, experimental tests in where these same legumes were included were selected. So the objective was fulfilled and, on a national scope, was predicted how much can be saved on fertilizer, which can be expressed by 22 euros per hectare, and, on an environmental scope, about 9,6 kg of leached Nitrogen/ ha can be reduced. In the same way the net return of both products can be expressed by 88 million euros through the increase of production

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Barve, M. P. "Insight into genomic architecture of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and ascochyta rabiei the two major fungal pathogens of chickpea (cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2003. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2859.

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Kang, Sideth. "Effect of irrigation on growth and nitrogen accumulation of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)". Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1126.

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A field experiment was conducted to examine the responses in growth, total dry matter (TDM), seed yield and nitrogen (N) accumulation of Kabuli chickpea cv. Principe and narrow-leafed lupin cv. Fest to different irrigation levels and N fertilizer on a Templeton silt loam soil at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand in 2007/08. The irrigation and fertilizer treatments were double full irrigation, full irrigation, half irrigation and nil irrigation and a control, full irrigation plus 150 kg N ha⁻¹. There was a 51 % increase in the weighed mean absolute growth rate (WMAGR) by full irrigation over no irrigation. The maximum growth rates (MGR) followed a similar response. The growth rates were not significantly decreased by double irrigation. Further, N fertilizer did not significantly improve crop growth rates. With full irrigation MGRs were 27.6 and 34.1 g m⁻² day⁻¹ for Kabuli chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin, respectively. Seed yields of fully-irrigated crops were trebled over the nil irrigation treatment. With full irrigation, seed yield of chickpea was 326 and that of lupin was 581 g m⁻². Seed yield of the two legumes was reduced by 45 % with double irrigation compared with full irrigation. Nitrogen fertilizer did not increase seed yields in either legume. Increased seed yield with full irrigation was related to increased DM, and crop growth rates, seeds pod⁻¹ and seeds m⁻². Crop harvest index (CHI) was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by irrigation and was related to seed yield only in narrow-leafed lupin. With full irrigation, the crops intercepted more than 95 % of incoming incident radiation at leaf area indices (LAIs), 2.9 and 3 or greater in Kabuli chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin, respectively. In contrast, without irrigation the two legumes achieved a maximum fraction of radiation intercepted of less than 90 %. With full irrigation, total intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was increased by 28 % and 33 % over no irrigation for Kabuli chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin, respectively. Fully-irrigated Kabuli chickpea intercepted a total amount of PAR of 807 MJ m⁻² and fully-irrigated narrow-leafed lupin intercepted 1,042 MJ m⁻². Accumulated DM was strongly related to accumulated intercepted PAR (R² ≥ 0.96**). The final RUE was significantly (P < 0.001) increased by irrigation. With full irrigation the final RUE of Kabuli chickpea was 1.49 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR and that of narrow-leafed lupin was 2.17 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR. Total N accumulation of Kabuli chickpea was not significantly affected by irrigation level. Kabuli chickpea total N was increased by 90 % by N fertilizer compared to fully-irrigated Kabuli chickpea which produced 17.7 g N m⁻². In contrast, total N accumulated in narrow-leafed lupin was not increased by N fertilizer but was decreased by 75 % with no irrigation and by 25 % with double irrigation (water logging) compared to full irrigation with a total N of 45.9 g m⁻². Total N was highly significantly related to TDM (R² = 0.78** for Kabuli chickpea and R² = 0.99** for narrow-leafed lupin). Nitrogen accumulation efficiency (NAE) of narrow-leafed lupin was not affected by irrigation or by N fertilizer. However, the NAE of Kabuli chickpea ranged from 0.013 (full irrigation) to 0.020 (no irrigation) and 0.017 g N g⁻¹ DM (full irrigation with N fertilizer). The N harvest index (NHI) was not affected by irrigation, N fertilizer or legume species. The NHI of Kabuli chickpea was 0.50 and that of narrow-leafed lupin was 0.51. The NHI was significantly (r ≥ 0.95 **) related to CHI.

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Kiesecker, Heiko. "Entwicklung eines Agrobacterium tumefaciens vermittelten Gentransfersystems für Kichererbsen (Cicer arietinum L.) Grundlagen zur gentechnischen Resistenzvermittlung gegenüber Ascochyta rabiei /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=95927698X.

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Nour, Sarah. "Diversité des souches nodulant le pois-chiche (Cicer arietinum L. ) : caractérisation génétique, phénotypique et fonctionnelle et implications taxonomiques". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10085.

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Les souches de pois-chiche presentent une importante diversite fonctionnelle (infectivite, efficience) et physiologique (souches a croissance rapide ou lente). Ce groupe d'infectivite, tres specifique du pois-chiche, est peu connu: rattachement aux genres rhizobium ou bradyrhizobium controverse, pas d'especes caracterisees, pas de caracteres discriminants pour decrire et comparer les souches entre elles. Dans cette etude, 30 souches isolees de pois-chiche (cicer arietinum l. ), dont 16 etaient des souches de collections de diverses origines geographiques, ont ete etudiees. Ces souches ont ete comparees entre elles dans le cadre d'une analyse de diversite de ce groupe, et comparees aux autres souches de reference appartenant aux rhizobiaceae. Nous avons utilise des approches genomiques et phenotypiques ayant des pouvoirs discriminants varies: homologies adn/adn, sequences du gene 16s arnr, polymorphisme des fragments de restriction des genes ribosomiques 16s-igs (espace intergenique), polymorphisme enzymatique (isoenzymes), profils trophiques (auxanogramme), tests phenotypiques et tests d'infectivite/efficience sur differents cultivars de pois-chiche. Une bonne correlation a ete trouvee entre les differentes approches utilisees. Nous avons montre que toutes les souches appartiennent au genre rhizobium, et sont divisees en 2 grands groupes divergents, (a et b). Les souches du groupe b sont homogenes et proches de r. Loti mais bien distinctes de cette espece. Ces souches ont ete classees en une nouvelle espece rhizobium ciceri. Les souches du groupe a sont beaucoup plus heterogenes et representent, au moins, 3 especes genomiques. Une de ces especes genomiques appartient a la branche 16s arnr de r. Loti-r. Ciceri-r. Huakuii. Neanmoins, ce groupe s'est avere suffisamment divergent quelque soit la methode de caracterisation utilisee, pour justifier la creation d'une nouvelle espece, rhizobium mediterraneum. Les etudes sur plantes ont montre qu'il n'y a pas de correlation entre les especes genomiques ou l'origine geographique des souches, et leur capacite a infecter ou a fixer l'azote sur le pois-chiche

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Kibret, K. T. "Development and Utilization of Genetic Diversity Based Ethiopian Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Germplasm Core Collection for Association Mapping". Thesis, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2011. http://oar.icrisat.org/2964/1/KebedeTeshomeKibret.pdf.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) is one of the most important cool season grain legume crops grown in semi- arid tropics and Mediterranean regions. Terminal drought stress is one of the limiting factors for chickpea production. Utilizing of germplasm collections are the main gateway to improve the stagnant production of chickpea in semi arid tropics. Hence, the objectives of this study were to i) Preliminary phenotyping and genotyping of germplasms collections for diversity assessment; ii) Development of chickpea core collection based on diversity analysis; iii) Identification of desirable accessions for drought tolerance from core set by proper phenotyping; iv) Large scale genotyping of the core collections by SNP markers; v) Large scale genotyping of the core collections by SNP markers; vi) Identification and establishing marker trait associations using appropriate association genetic approaches; vii) Quantification of population structure and relationship of Ethiopian chickpea collection. The phenotypic evaluation in contrasting environment and SNP marker data analysis revealed that there is significant phenotypic and genotypic variability in Ethiopian chickpea germplasm for drought tolerance and other agronomic traits. The population structure and relationship analysis also revealed strong subpopulation fixation and differentiation which was significantly different from the original population. High allelic and gene diversity were observed in the entire collection with common and rare alleles. Trait marker association analysis showed markers which are strongly associated with maturity related traits and high linkage disequilibrium observed for the polymorphic markers. Core collection for Ethiopian chickpea germplasm were developed and validated for different validation parameters such as percent mean difference (MD %), percent variance difference (VD %), analysis of variance, coincidence rate of range (CR %), variable rate of coefficient of variance (VR %) and genetic diversity index. The result of validation showed better correspondence between the core set and the entire set which had avoided germplasm duplication and representing the whole collection economically in time and money with few numbers of accessions. Drought tolerant accessions were also identified in the preliminary field screening which needs further confirmation.

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Maçãs, Isabel Maria Victoria Duarte. "Selecção de linhas de grão de bico (Cicer arientinum L.) adaptadas ao ambiente mediterrânico - critérios morfológicos e fisiológicos". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11473.

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O grão de bico (Cicer arietinum L.) é a terceira leguminosa para grão mais importante a nível mundial, bem conhecida pela riqueza proteica das suas sementes. Além da proteína esta leguminosa apresenta teores elevados de hidratos de carbono, sendo por isso uma importante fornecedora de energia nas dietas alimentares. Apesar do grão de bico ser uma cultura tradicional de Primavera sofre quebras acentuadas de rendimento quando sujeito a longos períodos de seca durante o desenvolvimento reprodutivo. As variações climáticas características do clima Mediterrânico impõem novas orientações no programa de melhoramento de grão de bico, que foram adoptadas neste trabalho, que teve como objectivo geral: desenvolver novas linhas de grão de bico resistentes às doenças e adaptadas a diferentes ambientes e sistemas de produção. Da comparação dos resultados obtidos em sequeiro, e regadio, pode referir-se que à medida que o ambiente se torna mais seco, as características que permitem a adaptação dos genótipos tornam-se mais importantes. Os níveis hídricos das plantas ao amanhecer, representativos do potencial hídrico do solo, são fundamentais para determinar os decréscimos de rendimento a partir de determinado limiar. Os genótipos mais tolerantes apresentaram valores mais elevados de potencial hídrico de base(ψb), potencial hídrico ao meio dia solar (ψmd) e teor relativo em água (RWC), realizaram mais fotossíntese na última fase do ciclo vegetativo e apresentaram rendimentos superiores. A análise de correlação múltipla sugere que os componentes do rendimento, parâmetros morfológicos e fisiológicos mais importantes para quantificar o rendimento final são o número de vagens por planta, o número de sementes por planta, o peso de 100 sementes, o intervalo reprodutivo e o potencial hídrico foliar ao amanhecer no fim de floração. Apesar do número de sementes e de vagens serem os componentes mais importantes, a medição do ψb é fundamental porque nos indica o estado hídrico do solo a partir do qual se vai observar uma redução do rendimento. Este facto, reforça a necessidade de centrar esforços no estudo pormenorizado da fase reprodutiva e da data de entrada em floração, de modo a maximizar o intervalo reprodutivo (IR), sobretudo nas situações de sequeiro. A rega, como recurso durante os longos períodos secos, mantém as plantas hidratadas (potenciais hídricos elevados) permitindo que estas se mantenham verdes (fotossinteticamente activas) e em crescimento durante mais tempo. Quando o potencial hídrico de base das plantas decresce abaixo de –0,7MPa o rendimento final será reduzido. A rega torna-se necessária desde que se atinjam os valores críticos –0,7MPa de potencial hídrico de base. A partir deste valor, o ψmd, o RWC, e a condutância estomática (gs) decrescem. Os critérios de selecção devem ser múltiplos e complementares, conjugando resistência à secura, elevado potencial produtivo em ambiente favorável, e estabilidade de produção, como objectivo de produzir variedades adequadas às condições de sequeiro das regiões Mediterrânicas. Para ambientes mais secos, procuram-se genótipos que acelerem o ciclo vegetativo, para escapar ao stress final, de modo a iniciar e a finalizar o período reprodutivo mais cedo e atingir rendimentos mais estáveis em situação de déficit de fim de ciclo. Deste trabalho resultou a selecção de duas linhas de grão de bico que se encontram em fase de inscrição no Catálogo Nacional de Variedades. 9 e ### /ABSTRACT - Chickpea (Citar arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop in the world. This species is characterized not only by a high protein content m the grains, but also as a good source of carbohydrates, both important in human diets. In the Mediterranean traditional agricultural systems, chickpea is a spring crop, sown during March- April and is extremely affected by long periods of drought during the reproductive phase. As a consequence of the pattern of the Mediterranean climate it was assumed a few years ago, the need for changes in the chickpea breeding program, in particular the development of new chickpea germplasm adapted to different environments and production systems and with resistance to the mam abiotic and biotic stress. This was also the general aim of the present work. By comparing data from rainfed and irrigated trials, it was concluded that the characteristics that promote the genetic plasticity of the genotypes are extremely important under drought conditions. Predawn leaf water potential, (ψb), that represents the water soil content, is of paramount importance for determining yield reductions starting from a threshold water potential. The most tolerant genotypes, with higher ψb, higher water potential at mid-day (ψd) and higher relative water content (RWC) and still with photosynthesis during the end of vegetative growth cycle, showed the highest yields. The analysis of multiple correlation suggests that the most important yield components to quantify the final yield are: number of pods/piant; number of seeds/plant, the weight of 100 grains and the, reproductive interval. In addition, leaf pre-dawn water potential at the end of flowering is fundamental, to indicate when the water content of the soil starts to induce a reduction of the yield components. These facts stress the need to foccus the work during or reproductive phase, in order to maximize the reproductive time, mainly in rainfed conditions. Watering during drought periods will keep the plants hydrated (high tissue water content), green (with active photosynthesis) and growing for longer periods. When leaf water potential decreases below -0,7 MPa, ψmd, RWC and stomatal, conductance (gs,) will also decrease and the final yield will be reduced unless irrigation is performed. It is possible to conclude that selection criteria should be multiple and complementary, combining not only resistance to drought, but also high yield potential and yield stability with the objective to obtain new chickpea varieties for the rainfed conditions of the Mediterranean region. In more drought environments the breeding should select genotypes that could fasten the cycle to avoid final stress, as a way to sustain and stabilize yield when water lacks in the soil. This study and subsequent fieldwork allowed the selection of several lines and two of them are now finishing the national agronomic and technological field trials m order to be released to the Portuguesa National Catalogue.

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Molina, Juliana Prudenciano [UNESP]. "Fracionamento da proteína e estudo termoanalítico das leguminosas: grão de bico (Cicer arietinum), variedade Cíciero e tremoço branco (Lupinus albus L.)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88356.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 molina_jp_me_arafcf.pdf: 1805522 bytes, checksum: adb34fd5733f36fbfa386d389f68be89 (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
No presente trabalho, objetivou-se a determinar a composição química da farinha da semente de grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero e do tremoço branco; o estabelecimento de condições de extração das proteínas; a separação das diferentes frações protéicas e caracterizou o comportamento térmico das frações protéicas. A composição química da farinha do grão-de-bico revelou valores de 18,72% de proteína, 10,02 % de umidade, 2,96% de cinzas e 2,6% de extrato etéreo. Já a composição química do tremoço revelou valores de 49,88% de proteína, 8,1% de umidade, 1,54% de cinzas e 2,94% de extrato etéreo. As frações do o grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, de maior conteúdo protéico foram a globulina com 88,67%, seguida da glutelina 74,78% e albumina 61,69% e prolamina 7,75%. Para o tremoço branco as frações de maiores conteúdos protéicos foram a albumina 91,33%, seguida da glutelina 89,24% e globulina 41,37%. O valor de energia gasta no processo endotérmico para o evento de desnaturação da proteína das frações protéicas do grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, expressos em H/Jg-1 é 190,3 para albumina, 154,3 para globulina, 140,4 para glutelina e 35,97 para prolamina. Para as frações protéicas do tremoço branco os valores expressos em H/Jg-1 é 173,6 para albumina, 208,8 para globulina e 126,0 para glutelina. O H/Jg-1 para prolamina não foi determinado.
The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the chickpeas, grow cicero and white lupine seed flour and the establishment of conditions for protein extraction, separation of different protein fractions and characterized the behavior thermal of the protein fractions. Now chemical composition of chickpeas flour revealed values of 18.72% protein, 10.02% moisture, 2.96% ash and 2.6% ether extract. Now the chemical composition of lupine revealed values of 49.88% protein, 8.1% moisture, 1.54% ash and 2.94% ether extract. The fractions for the chickpeas, Cicero is growing, of larger protein content were is globulin with 88.67%, followed by glutelin and albumin 74.78% 61.69% and 7.75% prolamin. For the white lupine, the fraction of larger protein content were is albumin 91.33%, followed by glutelin and globulin 89.24% 41.37%. The amount of energy expended in the endothermic process in the event of protein denaturation of the protein fractions of chickpeas, grow Cicero expressed in ΔH/Jg-1 is 190.3 for albumin, globulin to 154.3, 140, 4 to 35.97 for glutelin and prolamin. For the protein fractions of white lupine values in ΔH/Jg-1 is 173.6 for albumin, globulin and 208.8 to 126.0 for glutelin. The ΔH/Jg-1 to prolamin not determined.

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Coram, Tristan Edward y n/a. "Identification and characterisation of genes controlling the resistance response to ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". RMIT University. Applied Science, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090715.110720.

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Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse, is one of the most destructive diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) worldwide. Despite the existence of highly resistant uncultivated genotypes, attempts to develop cultivars with a high level of durable resistance have been unsuccessful. This study investigated the chickpea defence response to A. rabiei using a functional genomics approach, which has the capacity to improve the overall understanding of the coordinated defence response at a molecular level. An existing cDNA library was used to generate a resource of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) that, after clustering, comprised 516 unigenes. The unigenes were functionally annotated resulting in the identification of 20 specific defence-related unigenes, as well as numerous transcripts with possible involvement in the coordination of defence responses. To explore the expression patterns of the defence-related unigenes in an A. rabiei resistant and susceptible genotype, the unigenes were employed as probes in microarrays. Resulting expression data was analysed to identify differentially expressed unigenes over a time-course after infection. Comparison of the expression profiles from the resistant and susceptible genotype identified three putative genes that were exclusively up-regulated in the resistant genotype, thus may be involved in an effective defence response. Considering that a defence response can involve hundreds of genes, the entire set of chickpea unigenes were used to construct large-scale microarrays. To supplement the chickpea probes, 156 putative defence-related grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) ESTs and 41 lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) were also included. Expression profiles for three chickpeas and one wild relative were generated over a time course. 97 differentially expressed ESTs were identified using a robust experimental system that included confirmation by quantitative RT-PCR. The results indicated that genes involved in the active defence response were similar to those governed by R-gene mediated resistance, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the hypersensitive response, down-regulation of 'housekeeping' gene expression, and expression of pathogenesis-related proteins. The comparison between resistant and susceptible genotypes identified certain gene expression 'signatures' that may be predictiv e of resistance. To further characterise the regulation of potential defence-related genes, the microarray was used to study expression profiles of the three chickpea genotypes (excluding the wild relative) after treatment with the defence signalling compounds, ethylene (E), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonate (JA). 425 ESTs were differentially expressed, and comparison between genotypes revealed the presence of a wider range of inducible defence responses in resistant genotypes. Linking the results with the previous microarray results indicated the presence of other pathogen-specific signalling mechanisms in addition to E, SA and JA. The lower arsenal of defence-related gene expression observed in the susceptible genotype may be a result of 'breaks' in the pathways of defence-related gene activation. To draw together the findings of all experiments, a model was constructed for a hypothetical mechanism of chickpea resistance to A. rabiei. The model was synthesised based on the evidence gathered in this study and previously documented defence mechanisms in chickpea, and identified signal transduction as a key to resistance.

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27

Molina, Juliana Prudenciano. "Fracionamento da proteína e estudo termoanalítico das leguminosas : grão de bico (Cicer arietinum), variedade Cíciero e tremoço branco (Lupinus albus L.) /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88356.

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Orientador: José Paschoal Batistuti
Banca: Rubens Monti
Banca: Jonas Contiero
Resumo: No presente trabalho, objetivou-se a determinar a composição química da farinha da semente de grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero e do tremoço branco; o estabelecimento de condições de extração das proteínas; a separação das diferentes frações protéicas e caracterizou o comportamento térmico das frações protéicas. A composição química da farinha do grão-de-bico revelou valores de 18,72% de proteína, 10,02 % de umidade, 2,96% de cinzas e 2,6% de extrato etéreo. Já a composição química do tremoço revelou valores de 49,88% de proteína, 8,1% de umidade, 1,54% de cinzas e 2,94% de extrato etéreo. As frações do o grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, de maior conteúdo protéico foram a globulina com 88,67%, seguida da glutelina 74,78% e albumina 61,69% e prolamina 7,75%. Para o tremoço branco as frações de maiores conteúdos protéicos foram a albumina 91,33%, seguida da glutelina 89,24% e globulina 41,37%. O valor de energia gasta no processo endotérmico para o evento de desnaturação da proteína das frações protéicas do grão-de-bico, cultivar Cícero, expressos em H/Jg-1 é 190,3 para albumina, 154,3 para globulina, 140,4 para glutelina e 35,97 para prolamina. Para as frações protéicas do tremoço branco os valores expressos em H/Jg-1 é 173,6 para albumina, 208,8 para globulina e 126,0 para glutelina. O H/Jg-1 para prolamina não foi determinado.
Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the chickpeas, grow cicero and white lupine seed flour and the establishment of conditions for protein extraction, separation of different protein fractions and characterized the behavior thermal of the protein fractions. Now chemical composition of chickpeas flour revealed values of 18.72% protein, 10.02% moisture, 2.96% ash and 2.6% ether extract. Now the chemical composition of lupine revealed values of 49.88% protein, 8.1% moisture, 1.54% ash and 2.94% ether extract. The fractions for the chickpeas, Cicero is growing, of larger protein content were is globulin with 88.67%, followed by glutelin and albumin 74.78% 61.69% and 7.75% prolamin. For the white lupine, the fraction of larger protein content were is albumin 91.33%, followed by glutelin and globulin 89.24% 41.37%. The amount of energy expended in the endothermic process in the event of protein denaturation of the protein fractions of chickpeas, grow Cicero expressed in ΔH/Jg-1 is 190.3 for albumin, globulin to 154.3, 140, 4 to 35.97 for glutelin and prolamin. For the protein fractions of white lupine values in ΔH/Jg-1 is 173.6 for albumin, globulin and 208.8 to 126.0 for glutelin. The ΔH/Jg-1 to prolamin not determined.
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28

Fernández, Escobar Denisse Alejandra. "Galletas con incorporación de harina de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) harina de linaza (Linum usitatissimum L.), y reemplazo parcial de la materia grasa por inulina". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151470.

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Tesis para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo y al grado de Magíster en Ciencias agropecuarias con mención en Producción Agroindustrial
Se utilizó harina de linaza y harina de garbanzo como ingredientes funcionales e inulina como reemplazo parcial de la materia grasa aportada por la margarina. La investigación se dividió en 3 etapas, en la primera se realizó una caracterización física y química de las 3 harinas que forman parte de la matriz variable. En la segunda etapa se realizó un diseño de mezcla Simplex Lattice Cúbico que se basó en la matriz variable compuesta por los tres ingredientes (harina de linaza, harina de garbanzo y harina de trigo), el cual arrojó 10 tratamientos distintos; a estas formulaciones se les realizaron análisis físicos, químicos y sensoriales, los cuales permitieron obtener estadísticamente una formulación óptima con un nivel de optimización del 0,93, con cantidades de 20% de harina de linaza, 10% de harina de trigo y 20% de harina de garbanzo, valores que coincidieron con el tratamiento 10. En la tercera etapa, el óptimo se comparó mediante análisis físicos, químicos y sensoriales con un tratamiento control, cuya harina en un 100% correspondía a harina de trigo.

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29

Makonya, Givemore Munashe. "Thermo and drought tolerance markers and regulation of heat stress proteins for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.; Fabaceae) production in NE South Africa". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32397.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important legume crop globally ranked third after dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and field pea (Pisum sativum). It constitutes 20% of the total global pulse production and around 95% of its production and consumption takes place in developing countries. Major constraints to chickpea production in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) have broadly been related to abiotic stresses, particularly drought and heat stresses, predicted to increase due to the global climatic changes.Dueto the imperativeness of research for identifying heat tolerance markers for potential chickpea genotype selection, in chapter two of the thesis, the response of four chickpea genotypes to a natural temperature gradient in the field was assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence, non-structural carbohydrate, gas exchange and grain yield. Field experiments were carried out in two winter seasons at three locations with known differences in temperature in NE South Africa. Results showed two genotypes (Acc#3 and Acc#7) were tolerant to heat stress with an Fᵥ/Fₘ of 0.83-0.85 at the warmer site, while the two sensitive genotypes (Acc#RR-2 and Acc#8) showed lower Fᵥ/Fₘ of 0.78-0.80. Both chlorophyll fluorescence measurements: dark-adapted Fᵥ/Fₘ and Fq'/Fₘ' (where Fq' =Fₘ'–F) measured at comparable high light levels correlated positively with grain yield. The two tolerant genotypes also showed higher photosynthetic rates,starch, sucrose and grain yield than the sensitive genotypes at the warmer site. However, these parameters were consistently higher at the cooler than at the warmer sites. It was concluded that genotypes Acc#RR-3 and Acc#7 are heat tolerant and chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf carbohydrates are suitable tools for selection of heat tolerant chickpea genotypes under field conditions. The coolest site of Polokwane showed favourable conditions for chickpea production.Heat and drought stresses are two abioticfactors that often occur simultaneously and are predicted to increase, consequently hampering plant growth. Response of different species to either stresses is well documented but information on the response of the same genotypes to both stresses in chickpea is limited. We aimed to determine whether previously noted heat stress tolerant genotype (Acc#7) is drought tolerant and the heat sensitive (Acc#8) is drought sensitive, and whether intermittent moisture supply at vegetative stage would induce priming effect to later drought at flowering. At vegetative stage, plants were divided into three groups, non-stressed (watered to 75% field capacity (FC), severe water stress (moisture-withholding for 14 days) and treated to 40% FC throughout the experiment (mild-stress), with recovery for the severely stressed plants after which they were stressed (double-stress) at flowering. Drought treatments at vegetative and flowering growth stages decreased physiological parameters and biomass accumulation in both genotypesexcept low water supply at 40% FC that decreased biomass in Acc#7 but not Acc#8. Double drought stress resulted in priming effect in Acc#7, having higher biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and relative water content in comparison to the introduction of stress only at flowering growth stage, as well as in comparison to Acc#8. These results showed that both Acc#7 and Acc#8 are sensitive to drought whereas after priming Acc#7 is better acclimated to drought than Acc#8 associated with osmotic adjustment on leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher capacity to protect photosynthetic activity, making Acc#7 potentially ideal for areas associated with intermittent drought spells. This observation, however, disapproved the hypothesis that Acc#7 is more drought tolerant than Acc#8 but is rather better acclimated than Acc#8, because of its superiority only in primed plants and not those stressed only at either vegetative or flowering stages. The findings emphasise the importance of matching chickpea physiological performance to expected rainfall amounts and distribution in drought prone areas during genotype selection. Chapter four of the thesis was an interrogative proteome analysis of the differences in the heat tolerant and sensitive chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.; Fabaceae) genotypes along a temperature gradient under field conditions which will help in identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the crop's tolerance. Few studies have thus far combined chickpea physiological and proteome analysis to elucidate the changes in abundance and/or activity of relevant enzymes and expression of heat responsive proteins. In this study, analyses of chlorophyll concentrations, gas exchange, flavonoids and anthocyanin concentrations from a chamber experiment, as well as proteomic parameters from field studies in both the heat tolerant and sensitive genotypes are presented. The heat tolerant genotype Acc#7 maintained unaltered physiological performance at flowering growth stage when exposed to high (35/30°C) and moderate (30/25°C) heat stress, under climate chamber conditions compared to the two heat susceptible genotypes (Acc#RR-2 and Acc#8). Results from the proteomic studies showed an up-regulation in proteins related to protein synthesis (e.g. ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase), intracellular traffic (e.g. mitochondrial dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate transporter DTC), defence (e.g. HSP70) and transport (e.g. GTP-binding protein SAR1A-like) in heat tolerant Acc#7 compared to the susceptible Acc#8. Results from KEGG analyses support the involvement of probable sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase proteins in the starch and sucrose pathway,that were up-regulated in the heat tolerant genotype Acc#7. This result was in support of our earlier report where tolerant genotype Acc#7 had higher leaf starch and sucrose concentrations in comparison to the susceptible genotype Acc#8. The presence of these differentially regulated proteins including HSP70, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, plastocyanin and protoporphyrinogen oxidase shows their potential role in field grown chickpea tolerance to heat stress at flowering growth stage. In conclusion, chlorophyll fluorescence (both Fᵥ/Fₘ and Fq'/Fₘ') and leaf carbohydrates were identified as selection markers that can potentially be used for chickpea phenotyping for heat stress under field conditions with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters correlating positively with seed yield. Due to its higher biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fᵥ/Fₘ), stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and RWC, heat tolerant genotype Acc#7 was identified to have better adaptive tolerance to drought stress after priming through exposure to intermittent dry spells than Acc#8. Furthermore, under controlled climate chamber conditions, Acc#7 consistently showed characteristics of tolerance to heat stress while Acc#RR-2 and Acc#8 were heat susceptible. Higher chlorophyll fluorescence, grain yield, chlorophyll concentrations, gas exchange, flavonoids and anthocyanin concentrations for Acc#7 compared to Acc#8 in the climate chamber was further validated by the higher up-regulation of proteins involved in protein synthesis, intracellular traffic, defence and transport in Acc#7 compared to Acc#8. The incorporation of proteomics in heat and drought stress studies will potentially help further the understanding of mechanisms by which the crop responds to these stresses.

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30

Domene, Semiramis Martins Alvares. "Estudo do valor nutricional da proteina de feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.), feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata, L.), ervilha (Pisum sativum, L.) e grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum, L.) utilizando marcação com nitrogenio 15". [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256119.

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Orientador: Admar Costa de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o valor nutricional da proteína de ervilha (Pisura sativum, L.), feijão- comum (Phaseolus vulgaris, L), feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguículata, L.Walp.) e grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum, L.), através do uso do nitrogênio 15(15N) como marcador. Para que fosse incorporado à proteína, procedeu-se o plantio de sementes de cultivares puros dos grãos, em canteiro experimental que recebeu adubação de (NH4¬SO4) enriquecido com 10,0 átomos de 15N Por cento. A utilização de cultivares puros e a homogeneidade de tratos culturais permitiram a eliminação de variáveis como características genéticas e condições ambientais que interferem nos resultados de avaliação química e nutricional dos grãos. As sementes obtidas foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal e de aminoácidos, cozidas e liofilízadas, e o material obtido foi empregado como fonte protéica na formulação de dietas para ratos albinos Wistar, em ensaio randomizado. O grupo controle recebeu dieta contendo caseina comercial como fonte protéica, e outro grupo recebeu dieta aprotéica. Os animais foram mantidos em condições controladas de temperatura e ciclos de luz, submetidos a jejum de 24 horas seguido de um período de 48 horas para adaptação ás dietas, com alimento e água ad líbitum, em gaiolas de crescimento. Em seguida, foram transferidos para gaiolas metabólicas onde permaneceram por 4 dias, com coleta de fezes a cada 24 horas. Fez-se determinação 15 de nitrogênio total bem como de N nas fezes produzidas durante o período de adaptação e nas fezes e urinas do período de balanço, bem como controle do ganho de peso e ingestão de dieta. As determinações químicas mostraram que, dentre as leguminosas estudadas, o grão-de-bico apresenta teores de proteína bruta 25 % menores do que as demais, e cerca de 300 % mais lípides totais. A composição em aminoácidos demonstrou que a ervilha apresenta o menor teor de sulfurados, resultando no mais baixo valor de escore químico. Os resultados dos ensaio biológicos foram submetidos a Análise de Variância de uma via. Pôde-se estabelecer relação entre ganho de peso e retenção de nitrogênio expressa por regressão linear positiva e moderada, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,7616 (p < 0,01). A expectativa de que o período de 48 horas subseqüente ao jejum fosse suficiente para a adaptação dos animais às dietas foi confirmada pela estabilização dos níveis de excreção de nitrogênio endógeno, que apresentaram acelerada diminuição neste período e em seguida não diferiram durante o período de balanço (p < 0,05), descrevendo uma regressão potencial negativa e forte, com coeficientes sempre superiores a 0,9500 (p < 0,01). A quantificação do nitrogênio endógeno pela aplicação do isótopo demonstrou que os animais alimentados com dietas de leguminosas cozidas excretam cerca de 2 a 2,5 vezes mais material endógeno do que os animais em dieta aprotéica. Conseqüentemente, os indicadores de qualidade protéica obtidos através da correção pelo uso do isótopo resultam em valores sempre superiores aqueles obtidos através da correção pela dieta aprotéica; apesar disto, nem sempre há diferença significativa entre os mesmos, A análise dos indicadores destaca o desempenho do feijão-de-corda, que apresenta os melhores valores de Digestibilidade, Valor Biológico e Utilização Liquida da Proteína.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the value of the protein of the pea (Pisum sativum, L.), the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.), the cow pea (Vigna unguiculata, L. Walp.) and the chick, pea (Cicer arietinum, L) , by the way of the use of nitrogen 15 (15N) as a tracer. In order to be incorporated to the protein, seeds from pure varieties of grainswere planted in experimental patches wich received fertilizing of (NH4)2SO4 enriched with 10,0 atoms of 15N %. The use of pure varieties and the homogeneity of the culture treatment made it possible to eliminate variables such as genetical characteristics and environmental conditions wich interfered in the results of the chemical and nutritional valuation of the grains. The seeds wich were obtained were analised in relation to the proximate composition and of amino acids, cooked and freeze dried and the material obtained was used as a source of protein in the composition of diets for albino Wistar rats in a randomized assay. The control group received a diet containing commercial casein as a source of protein and another group received a diet without protein. The animals were mantained in controlled conditions of temperature and cycles of light, submitted to a 24 hour- fasting and followed by a 48 hour period to get adapted to the diets, with food and ater ad libitum in growth cages. Right after, they were transfered to metabolic cages where they remained for 4 days, with feces collect at each 24 hours. A determination of total nitrogen and N was made in the feces from the both periods and in the urine obtained in the balance period, as well as the control of weight gain and the ingestion of diet. The chemical determinations showed that among the studied leguminous, the chick pea presented content of crude protein 2 5% lower than the others and around 3 00% more total lipids. The composition of amino acids showed that the pea presented the least content of sulphur containing ones, resulting in the lowest value of chemical score. The results of the biological assays were submitted to one way analisys of variance (ANOVA). It was possible to estabilish a relation between the weight gain and the retention of nitrogen expressed by positive and moderate linear regression, with a correlation coefficient of 0,7616 (p < 0,01). The presumption that the period of 4 8 hours following the fasting would be enough for the adaptation of the animals to the diets was confirmed by the stabilization of the levels of excretion of endogenous nitrogen wich presented an acelereted decrease in this period and after did not differ during the balance period (p < 0,05), showing a strong and negative potential regression with coefficients always over 0,9500 fp < 0,01). The quantification of endogenous nitrogen by applying the isotope showed that the animals fed with cooked leguminous diets excreted around 2 to 2,5 times more endogenous material than the animals on diets without protein. Consequently, the indicators of protein quality obtained through the correction by the use of isotope, resulted in values always superior to those obtained by the correction of diet without protein; nevertheless, not always are there significant differences among them. The analisys of indicators point out the performance of the cowpea wich presented the best values of digestibility, biological value and net protein utilization.
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Mestre em Ciência da Nutrição

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31

Cornels, Holger. "Molekularbiologische und biochemische Untersuchungen zur Rolle Glycin-reicher Proteine in der Interaktion der Kichererbse (Cicer arietinum L.) mit dem phytopathogenen Pilz Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967321212.

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32

Gewiss, Estelle Cecile. "Toxin production by Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and development of a transformation protocol for the fungus". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446852/.

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Ascochyta rabiei is the causal agent of blight of chickpea, an important food legume crop for human populations in Developing Countries. All reliably identified isolates of the fungus produce toxins in culture, known as the solanapyrones, of which solanapyrone A is the most frequently found and also the most toxic. The principal aim of the project was to determine the role of this toxin in the disease syndrome by producing toxin-minus mutants and testing them for virulence. Four transformation techniques were attempted: Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration (REMI), electroporation, particle bombardment and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. With the last, employing a T-DNA containing a hygromycin resistance gene, 908 transformants were obtained from germinated pycnidiospores on a selective medium containing hygromycin. Genuine transformants were tested for the production of solanapyrone A using an assay in microtitre plates. Loss of toxin production by transformants was confirmed by reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Sixteen transformants produced significantly less solanapyrone A than the wild-type strain. Transformants were also screened for integration events by PCR, using primers specific to the hygromycin resistance gene and homologous hybridisation to a probe consisting of this gene. Among the four transformants tested, three have integrated two copies of T-DNA and one had a single insertion. In order to optimise the production of solanapyrone A so as to provide a source of the compound for screening chickpea genotypes, three types of cultures of A. rabiei were tested: still culture, shake culture and fermenter culture. The toxin was purified from culture filtrates by solvent partitioning followed by flash chromatography. The effect of two safeners on the sensitivity of chickpea shoots to solanapyrone A was tested using bioassays. Dichlormid (300 or 800 g per shoot) and fenclorim (18 g per shoot) decreased the sensitivity of chickpea shoots to solanapyrone A 1.6 and 2.5-fold, respectively.

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33

Costa, Giovana Ermetice de Almeida. "Correlação entre valor nutritivo e teores de fibra alimentar e amido resistente de dietas contendo grãos de ervilha (Pisum sativum L.), feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), grão-de-bico- (Cicer arietinum L.) e lentilha (Lens culinaris Med.)". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256219.

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Orientador: Admar Costa de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O baixo valor nutritivo das proteínas de leguminosas representa um de seus maiores problemas, sendo tipicamente inferior ao das proteínas animais. Alguns fatores responsáveis são conhecidos, porém, tem sido conferida alguma atenção à ação das fibras alimentares e substâncias semelhantes no organismo, embora os estudos sejam poucos. Neste estudo foram determinados o valor nutritivo e os teores de fibra alimentar e amido resistente de dietas contendo grãos das leguminosas: ervilha (Pisum sativum L.), feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) e lentilha (Lens culinaris Med.). As leguminosas foram utilizadas como fonte protéica (12%) das dietas fornecidas ad libitum em ensaio biológico de 14 dias, utilizando-se 96 ratos albinos machos da linhagem Wistar, com 21-23 dias de vida e peso de 45-50g. Foram realizados também tratamentos para controle contendo caseína igualmente ao nível protéico de 12% e aprotéico para fins corretivos. Conforme os dados de Digestibilidade Aparente e Corrigida pela Dieta Aprotéica (DA e DCDA, respectivamente), Quociente de Eficiência Protéica Líquida (NPR) e Eficiência Alimentar (QEA), o grão-de-bico foi a leguminosa de maior destaque devido aos teores próximos aos da dieta contendo caseína, reconhecida por sua qualidade nutricional e por não ter sido detectada fibra solúvel nos seus grãos. Os resultados obtidos com a dieta contendo grão-de-bico foram 74,80 ± 3,29% para DCDA, 4,28 ± 0,41 para o NPR, e 0,47 ± 0,05 para o QEA, enquanto que os da dieta contendo caseína foram 85,21 ± 2,97% para DCDA, 4,24 ± 0,41 para o NPR, e 0,48 ± 0,05 para o QEA. Para o valor nutritivo de dietas contendo ervilha também se constatou qualidade da proteína, pois se por um lado foi obtida digestibilidade inferior à dos demais grupos (à exceção da dieta de feijão-comum), por outro, os resultados de NPR (4,53 ± 0,71) e de QEA (0,47 ± 0,10), indicadores da qualidade e eficiência da proteína da dieta e da dieta, respectivamente, foram equivalentes ou até superiores aos do grupo controle. O valor nutritivo do feijão-comum e da lentilha foi inferior ao das leguminosas ervilha e grão-de-bico, sendo que a eficiência nutricional dos alimentos pode em parte estar relacionada à quantidade presente de fibras e substâncias semelhantes. Para fibra alimentar solúvel verificou-se correlação negativa significativa para todos os índices de valor nutritivo, indicando ser este um dos fatores responsáveis pela diminuição da digestibilidade de proteína (r = -0,6582, p<0,001), especialmente no caso da dieta de feijão-comum que demonstrou os maiores conteúdos de fibra alimentar solúvel (1,41 ± 0,15 g/100g) e os menores valores de digestibilidade (47,59 ± 10,04%). Maiores conteúdos de Fibra Alimentar Insolúvel foram associados ao menor Quociente de Eficiência Protéica Líquida ¿ NPR, (r = -0,5296, p<0,001), mas sem correlação significativa com a digestibilidade de proteína. Houve correlação positiva entre os teores de Amido Resistente nas dietas e a digestibilidade (r = 0,7098, p<0,001), com melhoria da digestão da proteína fornecida nas dietas experimentais
Abstract: The low nutritional value of legumes proteins represents one of its notable problems, being typically lower than animal proteins. Some responsible factors are known, however some attention has been given to the action of dietary fibers and similar substances in the organism, even so the studies are few. In this study, the nutritional value and dietary fiber and resistant starch levels of legumes grains: pea (Pisum sativum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) e lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) were determined. Legumes were used as protein source (12%) of the diets supplied ad libitum in a biological assay of 14 days using 96 male albine Wistar rats with 21 to 23-days-old and 45-50g weight. Control treatments with casein also having protein level of 12% and free-protein diet for corrective proposals had been carried. According to the data of apparent digestibility and corrected by the free-protein diet (DA and DCDA, respectively), Net Protein Ratio (NPR) and Quotient of Alimentary Efficiency (QEA), chickpea was the leguminous of higher prominence due to values next to the ones of the casein diet recognized for yours nutritional quality and for not having been detected soluble fiber in its grains. The results founded for the diet containing chickpea were 74.80 ± 3.29% for DCDA, 4.28 ± 0.41 for the NPR, and 0.47 ± 0.05 for the QEA, while the results for the diet containing casein were 85.21 ± 2.97% for DCDA, 4.24 ± 0.41 for the NPR, and 0.48 ± 0.05 for the QEA. For the nutritional value of diets containing pea, protein quality was also verified, because if by one side it was founded a lower digestibility in comparison to the other groups (with exception to common-bean diet), on the other hand, the results of NPR (4.53 ± 0.71) and QEA (0.47 ± 0.10) indicators of quality and efficiency of the diet protein and the diet, respectively, values were equal or even higher than the control group. The nutritional value of common-bean and lentil were lower than the peas and chickpea legumes, considering that nutritional efficiency of foods can be, at least in part, associated with the levels of dietary fiber and related substances. For soluble dietary fiber it was verified significantly negative correlation for all nutritional value indices, indicating to be one of the responsible factors for diminishing the protein digestibility (r = -0,6582, p<0,001), especially for the diet containing common-bean, that has the highest contents of soluble dietary fiber (1.41 ± 0.15 g/100g) and the lowest values of digestibility (47.59 ± 10.04%). Higher levels of insoluble dietary fiber were associated with lower Net Protein Ratio ¿ NPR (r = -0.5296, p<0.001) but without significantly correlation with protein digestibility. There was positive correlation between resistant starch contents in the diets and digestibility (r = 0,7098, p<0,001), improving the digestion of the protein supplied by the experimental diets
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

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Monici, Keila da Silva Queiroz. "Efeito bifidogenico de dietas com ervilha (Pisum sativum, L.), feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.), grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum, L.) e lentilha (Lens culinaris, Med.) sobre o perfil lipidico e sobre a microbiota intestinal de ratos machos Wistar/Un". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322538.

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Orientador: Admar Costa de Oliveira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document
Doutorado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição

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35

Kadri, Aline. "Aptitude à la régénération in vitro et à la transformation génétique chez le pois (Pisum sativum L. ) et le pois chciche (Cicer arietinum L. ) : étude de l'effet de l'expression du gène WUSHCHEL sur la régénération in vitro". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0047.

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Vicente, Paulo Jorge de Matos. "Deficiência de fósforo no milho (Zea mays L.) e no grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.) : Efeitos na absorção, transporte e distribuição do fósforo potássio e nitrato considerados em relção à produção de ácidos orgânicos nas raízes". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20971.

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Plantas de milho (Zea mays L. cv. Earliking) e de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L. cv. CPS-1) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva e atmosfera controlada durante um período de 8 e 16 dias respectivamente, e sujeitas a dois tratamentos: solução contendo fósforo (P+) e solução da qual o fósforo estava ausente (P-). A deficiência de fósforo (P) levou a um aumento do peso da raiz relativamente à parte aérea. Traduziu-se também num aumento do Comprimento Especifico da Raiz (CER). A deficiência de P reflectiu-se na absorção e distribuição quer do P quer de outros nutrientes, como o nitrato (N03-) e o potássio (K+). Originou uma redução na concentração de P nas plantas, e uma maior percentagem do P total passou a estar distribuída nas raízes. A distribuição e transporte do K+ foram também distintamente afectados pelos tratamentos. O N03- foi o ião mais sensível à deficiência de P. A deficiência de P promoveu um acréscimo na quantidade de ácidos orgânicos presentes nos exsudados radiculares, particularmente no grão-de-bico. Induziu igualmente uma acidificação relativa da rizosfera. – ABSTRACT: Plants of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Earliking) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. CPS-I) were cultivated in nutrient solution and controlled atmosphere for a period of 8 and 16 days respectively, and two treatments were considered: solution containing phosphorus (P+) and solution from which phosphorus was absent (P-). Phosphorus (P) deficiency resulted in an incresse in root weight relatively to the shoot. The Specific Root Length (SRL) also increased. P deficiency was reflected not only in the absorption of P itself, but also of other nutrients, such as nitrate (N03-) and potassium (K+). lt originated a reduction in the concentration of P in plant tissues and a bigger percentage of the total P was distributed to the roots. The distribution and transport of K+ were also pronouncedly affected by the treatments. N03- was the most sensitive to P deficiency P deficiency promoted an increase in the amounts of organic acids present in the root exudates, mainly in chickpea. lt also induced a relative acidification of the rhizosphere.

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37

Kanagala, S. "Somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation studies in chickpea (Cicer Arietinium L.)". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1997. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3156.

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Amaral, Ana Lúcia da Silva [UNESP]. "Aspecto funcional da fração 11S do grão de bico (Civer arietinum L.) no quadro de hiperlipidemia em modelo animal". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88690.

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Vários estudos têm demonstrado que proteínas de leguminosas como soja, grão de bico, lentilhas e alguns feijões possuem propriedades hipocolesterolêmicas e hipotrigliceridêmicas, embora o mais comum seja a utilização de fármacos nestes quadros. Em função da composição proteica do grão de bico e da possível homologia funcional com as demais proteínas de leguminosas, esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar a ação da proteína do tipo legumina (11S) do grão de bico administrada oralmente como suplemento em animais hipercolesterolêmicos induzidos pela dieta. Foram analisados crescimento ponderal, consumo alimentar, excreção fecal, concentração sérica e hepática de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, fração HDL e não-HDL além da excreção de lipídeos totais e colesterol. Houve diferença entre o aspecto dos fígados dos grupos estudados decorrente do consumo da dieta hipercolesterolêmica e ação do fármaco. A administração diária de 300 mg/kg de peso corpóreo da fração 11S do grão de bico apesar de não apresentar efeito sobre os níveis séricos de colesterol total provocou uma diminuição de 28,77% nos níveis de triglicerídeos e de 51,48% e 82,70% nas concentrações hepáticas de colesterol total e triglicerídeos, respectivamente. Esses resultados mostram que a fração 11S do grão de bico possui efeito hipotrigliceridêmico e que as globulinas 11S de leguminosas podem apresentar ações fisiológicas diferentes sobre o metabolismo lipídico
Several studies have shown that proteins of legumes like soybeans, chickpeas, lentils and beans have some hypocholesterolemic properties and hypotriglyceridemic, although the most common is the use of drugs in these situations. Devide to the protein composition of chickpea and possible functional homology with other legume proteins, this study aimed to verify the effect of protein type legumin (11S) of chickpeas administered orally as a supplement in animals induced hypercholesterolemic diet. We analyzed weight growth, food consumption, fecal excretion, serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and non-HDL beyond the excretion of total lipids and cholesterol. There was a difference between the appearance of the livers of groups arising from the consumption of hypercholesterolemic diet and drug action. The daily administration of 300 mg / kg body weight fraction of 11S chickpea although not have an effect on serum total cholesterol caused a decrease of 28.77% in the levels of triglycerides and 82% to 51.48 70% liver concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. These results show that the fraction of 11S chickpeas has effect hypotriglyceridemic and 11S globulins of legumes may have different physiological actions on lipid metabolism

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Amaral, Ana Lúcia da Silva. "Aspecto funcional da fração 11S do grão de bico (Civer arietinum L.) no quadro de hiperlipidemia em modelo animal /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88690.

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Orientador: Aureluce Demonte
Banca: Valdir Augusto Neves
Banca: Eduardo Maffud Cilli
Resumo: Vários estudos têm demonstrado que proteínas de leguminosas como soja, grão de bico, lentilhas e alguns feijões possuem propriedades hipocolesterolêmicas e hipotrigliceridêmicas, embora o mais comum seja a utilização de fármacos nestes quadros. Em função da composição proteica do grão de bico e da possível homologia funcional com as demais proteínas de leguminosas, esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar a ação da proteína do tipo legumina (11S) do grão de bico administrada oralmente como suplemento em animais hipercolesterolêmicos induzidos pela dieta. Foram analisados crescimento ponderal, consumo alimentar, excreção fecal, concentração sérica e hepática de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, fração HDL e não-HDL além da excreção de lipídeos totais e colesterol. Houve diferença entre o aspecto dos fígados dos grupos estudados decorrente do consumo da dieta hipercolesterolêmica e ação do fármaco. A administração diária de 300 mg/kg de peso corpóreo da fração 11S do grão de bico apesar de não apresentar efeito sobre os níveis séricos de colesterol total provocou uma diminuição de 28,77% nos níveis de triglicerídeos e de 51,48% e 82,70% nas concentrações hepáticas de colesterol total e triglicerídeos, respectivamente. Esses resultados mostram que a fração 11S do grão de bico possui efeito hipotrigliceridêmico e que as globulinas 11S de leguminosas podem apresentar ações fisiológicas diferentes sobre o metabolismo lipídico
Abstract: Several studies have shown that proteins of legumes like soybeans, chickpeas, lentils and beans have some hypocholesterolemic properties and hypotriglyceridemic, although the most common is the use of drugs in these situations. Devide to the protein composition of chickpea and possible functional homology with other legume proteins, this study aimed to verify the effect of protein type legumin (11S) of chickpeas administered orally as a supplement in animals induced hypercholesterolemic diet. We analyzed weight growth, food consumption, fecal excretion, serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and non-HDL beyond the excretion of total lipids and cholesterol. There was a difference between the appearance of the livers of groups arising from the consumption of hypercholesterolemic diet and drug action. The daily administration of 300 mg / kg body weight fraction of 11S chickpea although not have an effect on serum total cholesterol caused a decrease of 28.77% in the levels of triglycerides and 82% to 51.48 70% liver concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. These results show that the fraction of 11S chickpeas has effect hypotriglyceridemic and 11S globulins of legumes may have different physiological actions on lipid metabolism
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Jayanand, B. "Genetic transformation of Cicer arietinum, L. for insect resistance". Thesis, 2003. http://oar.icrisat.org/2290/1/63119.pdf.

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"Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) biosynthesis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-08-1694.

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To increase the global acceptability of chickpea by improving its nutritional quality, seed RFO (Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides) concentration needs to be reduced without affecting their role during seed development and positive impact on human health. To achieve this objective, the key regulating step(s) of RFO biosynthesis needs to be identified. The three main objectives of the thesis were: (1) to optimize an analytical method to determine soluble sugars concentration in chickpea seeds including RFO, (2) to determine chickpea genotypes with contrasting seed RFO concentration, and (3) to optimize and validate RFO biosynthetic enzyme activity assays. These three objectives of the thesis provided basis of the fourth objective. For the first objective, a modified HPAEC-PAD (High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detector) based gradient approach was optimized to study the concentration and composition of soluble sugars in chickpea seeds. The optimized method separated all the soluble sugars within 20 min of run time with higher accuracy, sensitivity and precision compared to previously reported methods. Therefore, the optimized method was utilized to study the natural variation in RFO concentration of 171 chickpea genotypes. Sucrose (0.60 - 3.59 g/100 g) and stachyose (0.18 − 2.38 g/100 g) were predominant among soluble sugars and RFO, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed a significant impact (P ≤ 0.001) of genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G×E) on seed RFO concentration in chickpea. A significant positive correlation was observed between substrate and product concentration in RFO biosynthesis. Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose showed moderate broad sense heritability (0.25 − 0.56) suggesting the quantitative nature of the RFO trait in chickpea seeds. Desi (ICC 1163, ICC 1471, ICC 9562, ICCV 07115, ICCV 07116 and ICCV 07117) and kabuli (ICC 5270, ICC 10674, ICC 16216, ICC 16528, ICCV 3 and ICCV 91302) chickpea genotypes with high and low RFO concentrations (high RFO genotypes are underlined) were identified. RFO biosynthetic enzymes activities were optimized for substrate and protein concentration, temperature (25 °C), time (10 min for galactinol synthase and 60 min for other biosynthetic enzymes) and pH (7.0). These assays were validated at different seed developmental stages of two released varieties: CDC Vanguard and CDC Frontier. Simultaneously, RFO accumulation at different seed developmental stages was also studied. During 18 - 38 DAF (days after flowering), about a 75 % decrease in seed moisture was observed coinciding with the accumulation of RFO providing desiccation tolerance to maturing seeds. The initial substrates viz. myo-inositol and sucrose were observed throughout seed development process having maximum accumulation at 18 - 20 (0.50 – 0.57 g/100 g) and 20 - 22 (9.94 - 11.17 g/100 g) DAF that decreased afterwards supporting the biosynthesis of galactinol and raffinose, respectively. Galactinol is considered as the universal galactosyl donor, it showed the highest concentration at 30 DAF and this was later utilized for increased RFO accumulation till 36 DAF. Activity of RFO biosynthetic enzymes was observed 2 - 6 days prior to first detection of their corresponding products whereas the highest activities were determined 2 - 4 days prior to maximum accumulation of RFO. However, maximum GS (galactinol synthase) activity was observed at 36 DAF but this did not correspond to amount of galactinol accumulation in seeds. This indicated that galactinol was synthesized in higher amount even after 30 DAF but directed towards RFO biosynthesis thus could not necessarily accumulate in seeds. A galactinol independent pathway was also found operative in chickpea seeds. These results suggested that substrate concentration and GS activity might be the possible factors regulating seed RFO concentration in chickpea. The fourth objective utilized the information, material and methods from the previous three objectives. Chickpea genotypes with contrasting RFO concentration were compared for seed size and weight, germination capacity and RFO biosynthesis (accumulation and biosynthetic enzymes activities during seed development). Sucrose concentration showed a significant positive (r = 0.728, P ≤ 0.05) correlation with seed size/weight. RFO concentration was a facilitator of seed germination rather than regulating factor. Higher accumulation of myo-inositol and sucrose in high RFO genotypes during early seed developmental stages suggested that initial substrates concentrations may influence seed RFO concentration. High RFO genotypes expressed about 2 - 3 fold higher activity for all RFO biosynthetic enzymes compared to those with low RFO concentration. The enzyme activity data corresponded with the accumulation of individual RFO during chickpea seed development. In conclusion, regulating galactinol synthase activity is a potential strategy to reduce seed RFO concentration in chickpea. The present study can be extended to study RFO biosynthesis at the transcript level and the influence of RFO biosynthetic enzymes on seed size and weight, germination, RFO concentration, yield, and stress tolerance.

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Iyer, Lakshmi. "Quality characteristics of Australian chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for food usage". Thesis, 1997. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15294/.

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Australia is emerging as a significant producer and a major exporter of chickpeas. There is, however, little data on quality of Australian chickpea or on the use of chickpea in new food formulations for the western world. Physical properties, chemical composition and nutritional qualities of four major commercially traded desi varieties, two kabuli varieties and some new releases collected from the important growing sites of Australia were evaluated over four harvests to study effect of location, season and genotype. The composition of these varieties were compared with advanced breeding lines grown in experimental plots over two seasons. Proximate composition of desi dhal (dry, dehusked split cotyledon) was measured and compared to whole seed.

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43

Ramakuri, P. "Molecular mapping of Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis, 2005. http://oar.icrisat.org/2505/1/63658.pdf.

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Lalitha, N. "Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.) Reference Set". Thesis, 2012. http://oar.icrisat.org/6580/1/Ms_N_Lalitha_2012.pdf.

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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of germplasm and identification of genetically diverse trait specific sources are important for enhanced utilization of chickpea genetic resources in breeding improved cultivars. Hence, the current study was undertaken to understand the phenotypic and genetic diversity in chickpea reference set, to identify trait specific germplasm and the SSR markers associated with phenotypic variation. The genetic material used in this study was a genotype based reference set of 300 accessions (Upadhyaya et al., 2008) developed from composite collection (Upadhyaya et al., 2006). Reference set and five control cultivars (Annigeri, G 130, ICCV 10, KAK 2, and L 550) were evaluated in five environments [(E1), (E2), (E3), (E5) at ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh; and (E4) at UAS (University of Agricultural Sciences), Dharwad] in alpha design with two replications. The data were recorded on seven qualitative, 17 quantitative, 10 drought tolerance related, three pod borer resistance and two quality traits. For the molecular characterization of chickpea reference set, 91 SSR markers were used. The results are summarized below....

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Mallikarjuna, B. P. "Molecular mapping of flowering time genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis, 2015. http://oar.icrisat.org/9081/1/Mallikarjuna%20BP_PhD%20Thesis.pdf.

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Flowering time is an important component of adaptation and productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in semi-arid environments characterized by terminal drought stress. The present study was aimed at identifying molecular markers linked to flowering time genes in four F2 populations of chickpea. Genetic studies revealed that flowering time was determined by a single major gene in the crosses ICCV 96029 × CDC Frontier, BGD 132 × CDC Frontier and ICC 16641 × CDC Frontier. Whereas in the cross ICC 5810 × CDC Frontier, it was under digenic control with complementary gene action. The intra-specific genetic map developed consisted of 77 markers, spanning 262.25 cM in the cross ICCV 96029 × CDC Frontier and 76 markers with 335.74 cM map distance in the cross ICC 5810 × CDC Frontier. The genetic map of BGD 132 × CDC Frontier consisted of 68 markers covering 311.10 cM map distance and that of ICC 16641 × CDC Frontier had 67 SSRs with 385.13 cM genome coverage. Consensus map developed from four populations consisted 111 SSRs and covered the map distance of 364.44 cM. QTL analysis detected altogether seven major (Qefl1-2, Qefl2-1, Qefl2-2, Qefl2-3, Qefl2-4, Qefl3-3, Qefl4-1) and three minor QTLs (Qefl1-1, Qefl3-1, Qefl3-2) for flowering time that are distributed on linkage groups CaLG01, CaLG03, CaLG04, CaLG06 and CaLG08 of chickpea genetic map. Analysis of QTL regions provided important candidate genes like SUVR5, SET6, HOS1, TEM1, EFL6, JMJ11 and homeotic genes like AP2, ANT, SPT, AHL27 and PTL, that are known to be involved in various functions like regulation of flowering time and flower development. Flowering time was positively correlated with key phenological traits and showed no correlation with grain yield in all the crosses. Flowering time showed positive correlation with 100 seed weight in all the crosses except in the cross ICC 16641 × CDC Frontier, where the correlation was non-significant. Harvest index was negatively associated with flowering time. The identified genomic regions with linked markers can be deployed for introgressing early flowering trait into elite chickpea cultivars through marker-assisted selection (MAS) to develop early maturing cultivars better adapted to terminal stress conditions.

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Raghu, G. "Effect of earliness gene efl-1 on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) traits". Thesis, 2001. http://oar.icrisat.org/311/1/62966.pdf.

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Kumar, V. S. S. K. "Inheritance of stem pigmentation and flower colour in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis, 2001. http://oar.icrisat.org/2338/1/62969.pdf.

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Gujaria, Neha. "Development Of Functional Markers And Transcript Map Of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)". Thesis, 2012. http://oar.icrisat.org/5440/1/Neha%20Gujaria_PhD-Thesis.pdf.

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To develop repertoire of genic molecular markers (GMMs) including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and intron spanning region (ISR) based markers, in chickpea, the third food legume crop of the world and the first food legume crop of India. In first approach, Solexa 1 Gb was carried out on pooled RNA from all drought challenged root tissues of genotypes ICC 4958 and ICC 1882. 15.6 and 22.1 million reads were generated and aligned against chickpea transcriptome assembly. A total of 26,082 SNPs were identified between these two genotypes. In second approach for SNP discovery through allele re-sequencing, primer pairs were designed for 970 genes/ expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of chickpea and 657 genes/ESTs of heterologous (closely related to chickpea) species and 2,046 SNPs were identified in 84,073 bp sequence data. In the third approach, ISR markers were designed by aligning chickpea unigenes to Medicago truncatula. In the forth approach, KASPar assay was designed for 96-plex SNPs and 56 polymorphic markers were identified on the parental genotypes and genotyping was done by designing Veracode assay for BeadXpress reader. From all the approaches: 87-EST-SNPs, 1627 allele-specific sequencing from chickpea and heterologous species, 121- intron spanning region (CISR) and 56 CKAM from KASPar assay were designed. SNP2CAPS analysis of 87 and 264 sequence alignments from in silico mining of ESTs and allele specific primers, as mentioned above, provided a total of 311 CAPS candidates. 311 CAPS candidates provided scorable amplification in 205 (65.92%) cases of which predicted assays were validated in 152 (74.15%) cases (CGMM). Screening of easily assayable 295 markers including 152 CGMMs, 87 CISRs and 56 CKAM on 5 parental genotypes of three mapping populations identified 75 polymorphic markers on the intra-specific mapping population. 73 of these GMMs together with 241 earlier developed markers could be integrated into the intra-specific genetic map. The transcript map developed here, therefore, has a total of 285 maker loci including 50 GMMs loci and spans 595.73 cM with an average inter marker distance of 2.09 cM. Identification of QTL for drought related root traits resulted in 12 significant QTLs. The QTL analysis revealed the presence of a ―QTL hot-spot‖ region on LG04 that contained QTLs for several drought tolerance traits explaining upto 38.03% phenotypic variation. These resources will be useful not only for genome analysis and genetics and breeding applications of chickpea but also for comparative legume genomics. Moreover, markers and genes associated with QTLs for drought tolerance related traits will be useful for molecular breeding for drought tolerance in chickpea improvement.

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Sabaghpour, S. H. "Genetic studies of qualitative and quantitative traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis, 2000. http://oar.icrisat.org/5463/1/T-62762.pdf.

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Investigations were carried out to study the genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters of a cross between kabuli type ICCV2 and dcsi type JG67 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru. near Hyderabad. A.P. during the rabi season 1998-1999 and 1999-2000

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Padma, Sri B. "Seed traits in relation to plant stand establishment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". Thesis, 1998. http://oar.icrisat.org/712/1/62385.pdf.

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Seed traits related to plant stand establishment were studied in chickpea during Rabi, 1997 at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad and on two farmers fields located at Yelimella village, Rangareddy Dist., A.P. Ten plots (lm x Im) were selected randomly in both the farmers fields. In farmer-1 field half of the plots were irrigated and no irrigation was applied in farmer2 field because it rained seven days after sowing. Soil moisture was determined at the time of sowing and after irrigationirainfall in order to relate differences in plant stands with soil moisture content in the seed bed.At ICRISAT center, four genotypes, which differed in seed size, were studied. Two were local cultivars, collected from the two farmers (farmer 1, farmer 2) ard the other two varieties (Annigeri, ICCV2) were taken from ICRISAT. Crop was sown on three different dates to create differences in soil moisture at the time of sowing. In farmers' fields plant stands were very poor ranging from 4-17 plantslm2. Reasons for poor plant stand in farmer-1 field was suboptimum seed rate, where as in farmer-2 field, it was inadequate soil moisture and poor seed soil contact due to broad cast method of sowing. Yields were also low in the experiments on both the farmers' fields. At ICRISAT center, perfect plant stands were established when soil moisture was adequate as observed in sow-l and sow-ll (20% to 28% ). However, the plant stand was reduced drastically when the soil moisture was suboptimum (18.19%) in the seed bed, as observed in sow-Ill . Genotypic differences in plant stand and seed yield were not significant in the field experiments conducted at ICRISAT center...

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