Tesis sobre el tema "Cicatrices (tectonique) – Andes (nord)"
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Aizprua, Carlos. "Structure et développement du bassin d'avant-arc du sud-ouest des Andes du Nord". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR001.
The SW Ecuador‐NW Peru forearc region is the southernmost location, where the Caribbean large igneous province (CLIP) interacted with the South American margin since the Late Cretaceous. The accretion of the CLIP to the margin led to the entrapment of the North Andean crustal Sliver, conforming the underlying basement of the forearc region in Ecuador, whereas in NW Peru, forearc depocenters involve rocks of continental affinity. Many existing tectonic reconstructions have treated these two areas independently, largely based on their crustal affinities. In contrast, this study integrates previous studies into an analysis of unpublished seismic profiles, potential field data, outcrop stratigraphy, and recent studies dealing with the dynamics of allochthonous terrane accretion along continental margins. Our integrated approach shows that SW Ecuador was dominated by a Late Cretaceous deforming outer wedge, which may have constituted a remnant of a northeast or northwest dipping obliquely obducted oceanic block at the edge of the CLIP. This tectonic phase was governed by plate instability, affecting NW Peru and SW Ecuador, followed by reestablishment of the margin by early Eocene. The resulting margin configuration and the spatial distribution of the different tectonic elements seem to have played a key role in the further Cenozoic development of the forearc region. The model presented in this study proposes that the accretion of buoyant oceanic terranes may have had a profound impact on the early margin configuration of SW Ecuador and NW Peru and led to the development of localized but genetically related forearc depocenters
Gonzalez-Montilla, Leonardo Enrique. "Analyse structurale et évolution tectonique des Andes vénézuéliennes nord orientales". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3022.
The northeastern part of The Mérida Andes shows a consecution of complex tectonic events. There, they were recorded successively: (1) the Jurassic rifting with formation of NE - SW grabens in which the red sediments of the La Quinta Formation were deposited; (2) the Caribbean orogeny (the last superior Cretaceous at the early Oligocene) with the remobilization of the Lara napes to their current position. This phase is characterized by the presence of orientation N070ʿ to N150ʿE; (3) the Fm. Morán and the Caribbean's units were removed and displaced toward the ESE at the moment of the compression ESE - WNW that could correspond to the phase N105ʿE of Stéphan (1982), previous to the middle Miocene; (4) the Andean phase, NE - SW to NNW - SSE that begins in the Miocene. This last is responsible for the birth of the NE - SW folds that sometimes comes from the reactivation of Jurassic grabens. Close to the right slip subverticales fault, the efforts turns or they change their orientation in anti timetable to arrive to N100ʿE. The relays of the strike-slip fault or their change in direction believe transpression areas (structures in flower) or in transtension (rhomboedric basins); (5) between the El Empedrado and Boconó faults, the present constraint is oriented NNE - SSW, having for consequence to reverse the game of the subverticales accidents (senestrals, then dextrals). The important difference created along the basins in transtension NE - SW transtension of the La Pastora drags a flexure of the covering and the formation of the San Pedro "drapage" folds. To the north of the Boconó fault and the east of the Valera fault, Trujillo's block is cut in several compartments by subverticales left strike-slip faults. Our field observations inside these compartments and in their limit, as well as the taken slip vectors of the focal mechanisms of earthquakes, they confirm that Trujillo's block escapes laterally toward the north or the northeast. To the east of the El Empedrado fault, this movement lateral is counteracting for the presence of the Caribbean napes more to the north
Coutand, Isabelle. "Tectonique cénozoïque du haut plateau de la Puna : Nord-Ouest argentin, Andes centrales /". Rennes : Géosciences, Université de Rennes I, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37096577m.
Barberon, Vanesa. "Evolution tectonique du dépocentre nord du bassin Austral des Andes de Patagonie". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD058/document.
The thesis plan includes the following specific objectives: According to field observations structural geological map will be obtained georeferenced area covering between the lake Buenos Aires and Mayer River in the Southern Andes Patagonian, Santa Cruz province. Provenance analysis were done by petrographic studies in sandstones at five stratigraphic sections representative of the sequences considered belonging to the Lower Cretaceous and Miocene in the northern sector of the Austral basin. Further X-ray diffraction preliminary studies at one profile (called Veranada de Gómez). Also, two lithostratigraphic units were dated and study by detrital zircons provenance. It is expected to determine for the study area, the beginning of the stage foreland, and an estimate is obtained the age of the exhumation of the regions of origin, and thus a semi-quantitative approach at a time the age of onset of uplift, as sediment dispersion models. The comprehensive analysis of these data will give the general pattern of palaeogeographic dispersal and sediments of the northern edge of Southern Basin to mesh with the southern sector pattern, which fed the study area. Moreover fragile deformation will be studied by analyzing faults striaes to characterize the deformation events in the area
Strub, Magalie. "Evolution géomorphologique et tectonique au front des Andes centrales (nord de la Bolivie)". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660509.
Coutand, Isabelle. "Tectonique Cénozoïque du Haut Plateau de la Puna, Nord Ouest Argentin, Andes Centrales". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620066.
Coutand, Isabelle. "Tectonique cenozoique du haut plateau de la puna, andes centrales, nord ouest argentin". Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10017.
Vega, Maria Mayssa. "Architecture tectonique et stratigraphique du bassin d'avant-arc de Tumbes (Nord Pérou) : implications pour l'exploration des hydrocarbures". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/875/.
Forearc basins are under explored areas by academic or industrials research. They are not considered as potential area by oil industry because only one giant oil field belongs to this type of basin. Such a oil field is located in the northern Peruvian forearc system: The Talara basin. Our research focuses on the Tumbes forearc basin located north of the oil bearing Talara basin. The aim of this work is to provided for oil industry skills about the tectonic style and the stratigraphic architecture of this basin in order to decipher its petroleum potential using a multisource approach of surface and subsurface data (seismic lines, well-logs). On a tectonic view point, we demonstrate that the basin structure is not a pull-apart one but an accretionary prism built by deep-seated north-verging thrusts reworked by shallow gravitational normal faults. A tectonic model is developed corresponding to the northwestward propagation since Eocene times, of thrust-related culminations bounded by south-east facing normal faults. This tectonic model suggests that anticline traps, which have never been explored, should become a new target for future exploration. Sequence stratigraphy allows us deciphering the stratigraphic architecture of the Tumbes basin. In the Oligocene-Miocene succession, 15 base level cycles have been identified onshore and have been correlated using seismic data to the offshore portion of the basin. The Corvina gas field has been the depositional area of thick turbiditic body (channels and fans) which have been deposited during periods of forced and normal regressions. These good reservoirs rocks are interbedded with thin fines which have been deposited during transgressive periods. Such a stratigraphic architecture suggests a alternation of good to fair reservoir topped by transgressive seals, which may increase significantly the hydrocarbon resources of the Tumbes forearc basin
Castrillo-Delgado, José Tomas. "Structuration néogène du flanc nord-ouest des Andes vénézueliennes entre Torondoy et Valera". Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3007.
Margirier, Audrey. "Tectonique et processus d’exhumation des Cordillères Blanche et Noire en contexte de subduction horizontale (Nord Pérou)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU023/document.
My thesis focuses on the mechanisms that controlled the uplift and construction of the relief in the northern Peruvian Andes. In this area, the Cordillera Blanca forms the highest peaks in Peru (> 6000 m), which is a topographic anomaly across the Andes. The morphology of the Cordillera Blanca is marked by an elongated pluton, which outcrops over 150 km. In addition, this pluton is bordered by the largest normal fault from South America. The presence of this major normal fault in a flat-slab context remains surprising because flat slabs usually induce an increase of the shortening in the overriding plate. The aim of my work is to characterize the variations of the regional stress field, the age of the uplift and discuss the geodynamic processes that contributed to relief building. To address these issues, I used a multidisciplinary approach involving new field data, their analysis and modeling.My microtectonic dataset reveals regional extension above the Peruvian flat-slab. This data contradicts the expected increase of shortening in the overriding plate. Modeling my new thermochronologic data shows an increase in the exhumation rates induced by the uplift of the Cordillera Occidental since 15 Ma. I propose that the regional uplift relates to the flattening of the subduction and associated dynamic topography.To address the impact of the Miocene arc on the uplift at a more local scale, I compiled the cooling ages of the pluton available in the literature. In parallel, I obtained the first amphibole thermo-barometry data that constrains emplacement depth of the Cordillera Blanca batholith. Following these data, I propose that the batholith is structured in eastward-tilted sills. In addition, modeling of the space and time variations of erosion rates based on the inversion of thermochronologic data indicates that erosion rates significantly increased in the Cordillera Blanca since 2 Ma. The Miocene arc seems to insignificantly contribute to the local uplift despite its contribution to the thickening of the lithosphere. Thus, I suggest that the recent glacial erosion contributes to the exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca and subsequent tilting of the batholith.Then, I modeled the landscape evolution for the Cordillera Blanca region to quantify the contribution of erosion in the relief building and the uplift. My numerical models (FastScape) evidence the importance of erosion and associated flexural rebound in fostering relief building and the uplift rates.Finally, based on all available data, I propose a new regional model to explain the Cordillera Blanca normal fault. This model implies an extrado normal fault and erosion of the footwall
Eude, Adrien. "La croissance des Andes centrales du nord du Pérou (5-9°S) : propagation d'un prisme orogénique dans un contexte d'héritage tectonique et de subduction plane". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2443/.
This PhD thesis aim to constrain the formation and structural style of Central Andes in northern Peru (5-9°S) using ~600 km of balanced cross-sections. The minimum horizontal shortening of the entire mountain belt is estimated at about 220 km. The eastern orogenic wedge composed by the Eastern Cordillera and the Subandean zone, has been sequentially restored and calibrated by syn-tectonic sedimentation geometry, apatite fission-tracks and (U-Th)/He dating combined with vitrinite reflectance measurements. Results show that the deformation is strongly influenced by inheritance tectonics. Permo-Triassic rifts are reactivated during Turonian times and are responsible of the Upper Oligocene deformation of the eastern orogenic wedge. Deformation of the continued western wedge, composed by the Western Cordillera and the forearc basins, occurs from Turonian to Eocene following inherited Jurassic extensive structures. The integration of new ages (U/Pb, Ar-Ar, 14C) and geophysical data (gravimetry, seismicity) proves that the orogenic wedge propagation is ongoing. Tectonic regime is closely related to plate convergence rates, themselves correlated to subduction dipping and magmatic processes. Between 17 and 8 Ma, the generalized exhumation rates ranging from 0. 1 to 0. 2 mm. Yr-1 is attributed to the 7. 1 mm. Yr-1 orogenic wedge propagation. Around 8 Ma, the slab subduction flattening, supported by the Inca Plateau subduction, is responsible of the magmatic arc ending and of 200 km eastward deformation front propagation. No climatic control is necessary to propagate the deformation. The absence of high plateaus on this transect is attributed to the flat subduction context with a too recent 8 Ma belt widening
Jarrín, Tamayo Paúl. "Cinématique actuelle dans les Andes du Nord par GPS". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS334.pdf.
The Northern Andes is a continental domain located at the northwestern edge of the South American Plate. This ~2200 km long and 300 to 1000 km wide region defines a natural laboratory for various studies of divers processes, including deformation partitioning, inter-seismic coupling, and continental collision. The oblique and fast convergence of the Nazca plate beneath South America induces (1) elastic deformation induced by spatially variable locking at the subduction interface along the Equatorian-Colombian margin and (2) long-term shear stress, which results in a translation-like motion of the North Andean Sliver (NAS) towards northeast with respect to the South American plate. Furthermore, Nazca plate convergence also produces a diversity of interplate and intraplate seismicity, which has been observed since the 19th century. In the northwestern Andes, eastward collision of the Panama block against the NAS and the Caribbean subduction induce deformation that dominates the kinematics at the northern part of the NAS. Spatial geodesy techniques, in particular GPS/GNSS measurements, make it possible to quantify movements on the earth's surface with millimeter accuracy. The integration of these measurements with elastic models allows us to provide information about the kinematics and the inter-seismic coupling distribution at the subduction interface. This thesis focuses on studying the inter-seismic phase of the seismic cycle with a particular interest in the continental deformation along and within the NAS. The aim is to improve the kinematic models for the Nazca plate and the North Andean Sliver. For that, GPS measurements collected by several research institutes and the Franco-Ecuadorian collaboration (ADN & S5 projects, SVAN International Joint Laboratory), between 1994.0 and 2019.9 are used to derive a new and more refined horizontal velocity field at the continental scale. The analysis and modeling of this velocity field is centered on two main axes allowing to build the first kinematic elastic block model for the NAS and neighboring regions. This model simultaneously solves for rigid block rotations and spatially variable coupling at the subduction interfaces, providing crustal fault slip rates consistent with the derived kinematics. First, we propose a new Euler pole that describes the current motion of the Nazca plate with respect to South America. This pole is estimated from continuous measurements at 5 GPS sites, spatially sampling the entire plate. Our results show that GPS data are compatible with the kinematics of a single rigid plate (wrms = 0.6 mm/yr). Our pole predicts a maximum convergence rate at 65.5 ± 0.8 mm/yr at latitude ~30°S along the Chile trench, decreasing to 50.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr in northern Colombia, and 64.5 ± 0.9 mm/yr in southern Chile. A second-order result for the Nazca plate is that the velocity east component of Robinson Crusoe Island (latitude ~33.6°S) is ~4-5 mm/yr faster than the overall motion of the plate, which is induced by the visco-elastic relaxation following the Maule Mw 8.8 2010 earthquake in Chili. Secondly, our kinematic model for the northern Andes confirms that the Nazca/SOAM and Caribbean/SOAM relative motions are not accommodated inland by a single fault system. We find internal deformation at 2-4 mm/yr accommodated on active secondary faults (the Oca-Ancon, Santa Martha-Bucaramanga, Romeral, and Latacunga-Quito-El Angel faults). These faults bound tectonic blocks and define the rotation of 6 blocks. The NAS eastern boundary is found to be a right-lateral transpressive system accommodating 5 to 17 mm/yr of motion. Our model also quantifies the motion accommodated by the Panama block with respect to the NAS on active structures that we propose as new boundaries for these two continental domains. Relative motions take place at 6 mm/yr along the Uramita fault and 15 mm/yr in the Eastern Panama Deformed Zone. We also note that ~1 cm/yr of the Panama motion is transferred […]
Bellier, Olivier. "Tectonique en extension et changement d'états de contraintes cénozoïque en domaine intra-continental : exemples des bassins intra-cordillérains des Hautes Andes (Nord Pérou) et du graben de la Wei He (Chine du Nord)". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112099.
This work aims to study the Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Northern Peru intra-cordilleran basins and active faults and, of the Northern China rift systems. 1) The Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Northern Peru Western Cordillera : After the main Eocene shortening (Incaic phase) that affects the High Andes, several basins have been initiated along major faults in the Western Cordillera of the Northern Peru : the Cajabamba, San Marcos, and Namora basins. . . These one were half-grabens infilled by Miocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits. We exposed Miocene synsedimentary extensional tectonics having a ENE-WSW and NE-SW trending extensional direction. The mean subsidence rate of these half-grabens is moderate : 0. 1 mm/y. Two Late Neogene and Early Pleistocene compressional tectonics characterised by N105° and N-S trending shortening post-date the Miocene extension and pre-date a N-S trending extensional tectonics. This one was taking place during the Quaternary. The 1946 Quiches and, 1937 Chaquilbamba normal fault reactivations testify that this N-S trending extension is the present-day tectonic regime. The states of stress in the High Andes were produced by a combination of edge and, body forces. The edge forces are the effect of the convergence force on the South American plate limit and the body forces are the gravity forces due to the Andean high topography. We also showed that the intra-cordilleran states of stress can be modificated by instabilities produced by the plate edges or (and) montains belt geometry. 2) The Northern China geodynamic evolution : The Northern China geodynamic evolution was mainly exposed by the Wei He graben study (Shaanxi Province). This one is located along the EW-ESE striking fault system of the Qinling Shan which separates the Northern China Block (NCB) from the Southern China Block (SCB). The subsidence began, in the Wei He graben, during the Middle (or Early) Eocene time and continued up to present day with only one sedimentary gap observed during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene times. During the Paleogene, the subsidence rate was in the order of 0. 1 mm/y. It increased during the Miocene (0. 15 to 0. 30 mm/y) to reach more than 1 mm/y at the present-day. The kinematic analyses of the main fault planes of the Wei He graben show that : (1) The Late Pliocene to Quaternary and present-day tectonic regime is extensional and characterized by NW-SE trending extensional direction which induced a normal movement with a little sinistral component on the main faults striking E-W to WNW-ESE. (2) During the Neogene times the tectonic regime was extensional with a NE-SW trending extensional direction which induced a normal movement with small dextral strike-slip component on the main faults. (3) An oldest tectonic regime produced strike-slip-normal motions on the main faults. This may be due to a Paleogene transtensional regime characterised by E-W trending extensional direction. These Cenozoic tectonic regimes were combined consequences of the India-Asia collision and of the Eastern Eurasia subductions. The collision produces the Southern China Block extrusion and the subductions produce convections and astenospheric upwelling
Gerard, Benjamin. "Exhumation différentielle de la Cordillère Orientale (Déflexion d'Abancay, Pérou) : Une syntaxe tectonique andine ?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU030.
I focus my thesis on the understanding of the structuration of the Altiplano northern edge: the Abancay Deflection. This region marks abruptly the latitudinal segmentation of the Peruvian Central Andes and presents striking features such as a positive topographic anomaly in comparison of its surroundings, relief obliquity, faults et rivers deviations. Numerous plutons, deeply incised by the Apurimac and Urubamba Rivers, outcrop in the core of the Abancay Deflection. This is a key that permit us the quantification of the rock kinetics at depth in that region. The Abancay Deflection is located over two morpho-tectonic areas: The Eastern Cordillera northward and the Altiplano to the south. The crustal-scale Apurimac fault system separates these two regions. Despite these significant characteristics, the Abancay Deflection is poorly documented and no recent study deals about its long-lived structuration in the Andean geodynamic context since 40 Ma. I developed a multidisciplinary approach based on low-temperature thermochronology, thermo-kinematics modeling and quantitative geomorphology to determine exhumation rates in the studied area, to unravel the mechanisms behind its structuration and to define its recent morphological evolution for different spatial and temporal scales. I demonstrate that the Abancay Deflection registered globally steady and uniforms exhumation rates of 0.2±0.1 km/m.y. between 40 and ∼5 Ma, contemporary to the Central Andes surface uplift. This exhumation pattern marks a large-scale tectonic shortening and/or a lower crustal flow. In this context, the Abancay Deflexion was an integrant part of a paleo-Altiplano extending northward (∼10°S vs. ∼14°S nowadays) partially or totally internally drained. Although the northern Eastern Cordillera and the Altiplano kept identical exhumation rates after ∼5 Ma, the southern Eastern Cordillera experienced a rapid increase of these ones (1.2±0.4 km/m.y.) creating a latitudinal differential exhumation pattern. I explain this very sharp and local increase of exhumation by the common work of the incision by capturing via regressive erosion the paleo-Altiplano through the Urubamba River together with a tectonic uplift tilting the Eastern Cordillera through the backthrusting activity of the inherited crustal-scale Apurimac fault system. According to these interpretations, and regarding the morphological and tectonics similarities, I propose a new geological definition for the Abancay Deflection and that this area is a tectonic syntaxis similar to the Himalayan or Alaskan syntaxes
Mourier, Thomas. "La transition entre Andes marginales et Andes cordilléraines à ophiolites : évolution sédimentaire, magmatique et structurale du relais de Huancabamba (3̊ a 8̊ Lat. S ; Nord Pérou-Sud Équateur)". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112426.
The Huancabamba Andes represent a transitional segment between the Northem Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, considered to be a cordilleran orogen related to the abduction or accretion of oceanic terranes, and the Central Andes of Peru, considered as a marginal orogen exclusively related to the subduction of oceanic lithosphere from the Mesozoic to the Present. The geological study presented here shows that the northwestem peruvian margin has undergone a specifie Mesozoic evolution distinct from that of the neighbouring Central Andes. Paleogeographic reconstructions and structural evidence point to the distinction of two volcanic arcs during the Upper-Jurassic and the Cretaceous. An hypothesis dealing with an arc jump and the neocomian accretion of a continental terrane is proposed. The results paleomagnetic and gravimetric studies are presented. They are consistent with the accretion model and suggest that the Mesozoic evolution of Northern Peru is characterized by terrane accretion, more closely related to the processes observed in the Northern Andes than to those classically assumed for the Central Andes. New structural, sedimentologic and radiometric data lead to a detailed reconstruction of the Cenozoic andean orogeny. The main tectonic and magmatic phases are dated and their control on andean red-bed sedimentation is analysed. These results show that the Huancabamba Andes display mid-Tertiary to Quatemary features which are similar to those of the Central Andes. The main structural features of the Northern peruvian Andes (i. E. Deflections and fold and thrust belts) are described in detail. The geometry and sequence of thrusting evidence the eastward migration of tectonism during andean orogeny. General conclusions and discussions lead to a geodynamic model in which shortening and its rate variation along strike are the main mechanisms responsible for crustal thickening and deflection of struc tures observed in the Huancabamba Andes. Finally, an imbricated crustal duplex model is presented
Arriagada, César. "Rotations tectoniques et déformation de l'avant arc des Andes centrales au cours du cénozoi͏̈que". Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006036.
Prudhomme, Alice. "Nouveau modèle tectono-climatique des Andes centrales du Nord (5-9°S)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30129.
Using a multidisciplinary approach, this thesis proposes a new double-verging orogen model for the Northern Central Andes, which can explain the crustal thickening and the current topography interacting with a complex climate. A new structural and stratigraphic synthesis across the forearc and the Western Cordillera revealed the presence of a major western vergence thrust. For the first time, the construction of a balanced cross-section through the whole Northern Central Andes, combined with thermochronological data, illustrates a double verging orogenic model propagating synchronously since ~30 Ma, with a total shortening of 158 km. Numerical modeling of the tectono-climatic evolution of the Andean orogeny shows the acceleration of the aridification in its western flank at ~ 15 Ma and during the Pliocene, as well as the late uplift and the formation of an equivalent of the Altiplano, which would have been incised and emptied recently by the Marañón River
De, Urreiztieta Marc. "Tectonique néogène et bassins transpressifs en bordure méridionale de l'Altiplano-Puna (2~S), Nord-Ouest argentin". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675903.
Saillard, Marianne. "Dynamique du soulèvement côtier pléistocène des Andes centrales : étude de l'évolution géomorphologique et datations (10Be) de séquences de terrasses marines (Sud Pérou - Nord Chili)". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/431/.
Geomorphic study and dating of marine terrace sequences along the coastal part of the Central Andean forearc evidence longitudinal and temporal variations in the response of the South American plate to the Nazca plate subduction during Pleistocene. The average uplift rates vary between 229 ± 40 (17. 8°S) and 696 ± 53 mm/ka (15. 33°S) along the coast. Rapid uplift periods alternate with slower uplift during the Pleistocene times. The morphologic evolution of the forearc is directly linked to active tectonic processes occurring along the subduction zone. Below a threshold in the continent-trench distance of about 100-110 km, the marine terraces are preserved and record the highest uplift rates of the whole Andean coastal front. The episodic uplift would be a result of the seismogenic zone surface variations during the Pleistocene and the related variation in the continent-trench distance
García, Marcelo. "Évolution oligo-néogène de l'Altiplano occidental (arc et avant-arc du Nord du Chili, Arica) : tectonique, volcanisme, sédimentation, géomorphologie et bilan érosion-sédimentation". Grenoble 1, 2001. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00546057.
The oligo-neogene geodynamic evolution of Altiplano, at the latitude od "Codo de Arica", is characterised by an important compressive defonnation and volcanism. In the eastern part of the chain (Bolivia), the shortening is weIl documented (190-280 km), and it explain a very thick crust (65 km). However, in the western part, the geological history is not weIl known and in part controversial. The study of the Arica region, on three regional transects (to scale 1:50. 000), permit to propose a representative model for the geodynamic evolution of the western Altiplano. The Oligocene (-35-26 Ma) is characterised by fluvial sedimentation, recorded in the deeper part of the Central Depression. The deposits, up to 500 m thickness, cover a topographically smooth regional unconformity. They are polymictic and provene from the East, from the erosion of a proto-Cordillera Occidental. They are cut by subvertical west-vergent faults. The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene (26-19 Ma) is a period of intense effusive and explosive volcanism. To the East (Cordillera Occidental), the volcanic arc is represented by a maximum of 2. 500 m of andesites, dacites and rhyolitic ignimbrites, with alluvial and Iacustrine intercalations. This arc, very actif, was asociated to formation of collapse calderas. To the West (Precordillera and Central Depression), the fore-arc deposits are represented by up to 1. 000m of rhyolitic ignimbrites (extra-caldera), with fluvial and lacustrine intercalations. In the Coastal Cordillera, oligo-miocene alluvial sedimentation is recorded in restricted bassins (<200 m thickness). Throughout this cycle, no evidence has been found for important tectonic compressive activity, except in a gentle folding in the Cordillera Occidental. The Neogene (--18-0Ma) is characterised by a andesite-dacitic volcanism, mainly effusif, developed in the Cordillera Occidental with a modest volume respect to the previous period. This volcanism was coeval of restricted fluvial syntectonic sedimentation. The deformation is represented by a west-vergent thrusts and folds system, involving the basement, and with a minimum shortening estimate to he 7 km. This deformation developed essentially in the west part of the Cordillera Occidental, between 18 and 5 Ma with Plio-Quaternary little reactivations. This implies a velocity of horizontal shortening, during Neogene, close to 0,54 km/Ma. In the Central Depression, during Miocene, fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation is represented by a maximum of 350 m of volcanoclastic deposits, which provene from the East. Close 12 Ma, the fluvial sedimentation ceased and a regional pedimentation surface developed. Afetr it, the fore-arc was afected by strong incision (down to 1. 000 m) concentrated in a few valleys. The event would he associated to a regional climatic change, which have induced the desiccation of Atacama, coeval with an eustatic descent (maximum of 200 m). During Late Miocene-Quaternary, however, the incision is not only explain by exogene phenoma. Therefore, un major uplift (--800 m) of the fore-arc is infered. The uplift and marine abrasion have generated an abrupt coastal cliff, and in the incised valleys produced important ground-mass collapses. The coeval deformation ofthe fore-arc is located at the fault and gentle tlexure-folds associated to the blind propagation of the subvertical faults, which induce important vertical displacement (up to 850 m) and negligeable shortening (up to 100 m). The uplift of the Precordillera produced between 12 and 10 Ma, and it has been followed by a giant gravitational collapse. The Oligo-Neogene volcanic rocks ofArica are high-potassium calc-alkaline, and its composition do not vary significantly with time. However, we note an increasing enrichment of lithophiles elements, a more important participation of gamet as residual phase in the lower crust, and a relative decreasing ofthe partial fusion rate in the mantle source. On the other hand, the structural evolution and the erosion-sedimentation balance show that the Cordillera Occidental of Arica region bas been uplif and exposed to erosion since Eocene. In the considered period (Oligo-Neogene), the crustal thickning of the western Altiplano was slow respect to the eastern Altiplano and not only associated to the tectonic processus
Calderón, Ysabel. "Architecture structurale, bilans sédimentaires et potentiel hydrocarburifère d'une zone de transition "wedgetop-foredeep" de rétro-bassin d'avant-pays : exemple des bassins Marañon et Huallaga du Nord-Pérou". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30038/document.
This thesis, through its multidisciplinary approach and the interpretation of a large amount of industrial data, brings new elements in the understanding of foreland basin systems, especially in the Andino-Amazonian field of northern Peru. It proposes a new stratigraphic and structural model of this region, reconstructs and quantifies the history of the deformation and sedimentation that constitutes the key data to model the petroleum systems and to reduce the risks in exploration. The results show that the structural architecture of the Marañon Foreland Basin, the largest of the central Andes, evolves laterally from a wedgetop zone in the SE to a foredeep zone in the NW. In the SE, it forms a thrust wedge partly eroded, connected to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba. This set constitutes a single foreland basin system, deformed by the interference of an east-verging thin-skinned tectonics and a largely west-verging tectonics. The total horizontal shortening varies between 70 and 76 km. The western vergence of this thick-skinned tectonics is controlled by the inheritance of the Gondwanide orogeny (Middle Permian). We show that it is at the origin of the important crustal and destructive earthquakes in the Moyabamba basin. The east-verging thin-skinned tectonics shows a strong shortening and is confined to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba, where it is controlled by the geographical distribution of a large level of Late Permian evaporites sealing the structures of the Gondwanide orogenesis. Towards the NW, the deformation of the Marañon basin is progressively amortized, which is reflected in the transition to a foredeep type deposition zone. The deformation, although not very important, is still active and responsible for shallow earthquakes. From a sedimentary point of view, this thesis has made it possible to differentiate four foreland mega-sequences in the Marañon basin, defined from well stratigraphic correlations and regional discontinuities identified in seismic. A structural section through the Marañon-Huallaga system has been restored in three stages since the Middle Eocene to reconstruct and quantify the propagation of the foreland basin system. The four foreland mega-sequences and the sequential restoration show that the Marañon-Huallaga system developed since the Albian during two stages separated by an important period of erosion during the Middle Eocene. They recorded successively the uplifts of the western and eastern Cordilleras of the Andes of northern Peru, and that of the Arch of Fitzcarrald. From a quantitative point of view, the calculated sedimentation rates show a gradual increase since the Albian, interrupted by the erosion of the Middle Eocene. The 2D petroleum modeling, carried out from a revision of the petroleum systems and the sequential restoration of the Huallaga-Marañon system, valorizes a large part of the results obtained in this thesis by simulating the expulsion of the hydrocarbons at the different stages of the deformation of the Huallaga-Marañon system, and showing its potential trapping areas
Witt, César. "Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the north andean block trailing tail : evolution of the gulf of Guyaquil-tumbes basin and the intermontane basins of the central ecuadorian andes". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066061.
The Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes basin (GGTB) evolution is controlled by the trench-parallel extension that results from the North Andean block (NAB) northward drifting. This N-S directed extension is accommodated along the shelf by low-angle detachment normal faults (the Posorja, Jambelí and Tumbes detachment systems) during Pleistocene. In contrast, along the continental margin E-W directed subsidence began in Miocene times produced by a subduction erosion regime working at depth. Both regimes are limited by a major transfer system roughly located at the continental margin shelf break extending from the Domito faults system to the Banco Peru fault. The Tumbes detachment system corresponds to the master fault of basin evolution. It probably connects with the continental structures assumed to define part of the eastern frontier of the NAB, where intermontane basin formation along the central Ecuadorian Andes is also related to NAB drifting. In this discrete basin formation setting the Santa Isabel basin and the GGTB seem to have evolved along the same escape tectonic scenario
Saillard, Marianne. "Dynamique du soulèvement côtier Pléistocène des Andes centrales : Etude de l'évolution géomorphologique et datations (10Be) de séquences de terrasses marines (Sud Pérou - Nord Chili)". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329922.
Garcia, Marcelo. "Evolution oligo-miocène de l'Altiplano occidental ( arc et avant arc du nord du Chili, Arica ) : tectonique , volcanisme, sédimentation, géomorphologie et bilan érosion-sédimentation". Phd thesis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546057.