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Tesis sobre el tema "Chromium-molybdenum steel"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 7 de septiembre de 2023

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1

Susanto, Benny Laurensius Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Kinetics of carbide dissolution in chromium + molybdenum steels during oxidation". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19385.

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Iron-based alloys containing 15% chromium, 2-3% molybdenum and 0.02-1.7% carbon, consisting of M23C6 and M6C carbides in an austenitic matrix were oxidised at 8500C to study their oxidation resistance and a precipitate-free zone formation. Alloy design was carried out using a thermodynamic software Thermo-Calc. Carbides in these alloys were expected to dissolve during oxidation, releasing chromium required for the protective oxide formation. Decarburisation of the matrix was expected to trigger the carbide dissolution, and form a precipitate-free zone. Transformation of the austenitic into ferritic matrix in the precipitate-free zone was expected be essential for providing a fast chromium supply to the oxide/alloy interface. Upon exposure to pure oxygen, most of the alloys oxidised non-protectively due to the fast oxidation attack and low chromium content in the matrix, while carbide dissolution was too slow. The alloys were then pre-oxidised in H2+10%H2O to grow a purely chromia scale. In this low oxygen partial pressure environment, carbides in the alloy's sub-surface dissolved and formed a ferritic precipitate-free zone. The precipitate dissolution model developed by previous investigators was then tested and proven to be valid in this iron-based alloy system. The endurance of the pre-formed chromia scale with its underlying precipitate-free zone was then tested in pure oxygen environment. All of the alloys that had successfully developed a ferritic precipitate-free zone in the pre-oxidation stage, survived the subsequent oxidation in pure oxygen up until 3 weeks observation. Although x-ray diffraction found some minor iron oxides, the oxide consisted of mainly Cr2O3. Since iron activity had increased and iron oxides had become stable after the pure oxygen gas was introduced, the growth of the precipitate-free zone had to compete with the rate at which it was consumed by oxidation. It was concluded that the transformation from austenite to ferrite at the subsurface region of the alloy could be achieved provided that the volume fraction of the carbides did not exceed 0.2. Evidence indicated that the chromia scale grew by chromium provided by the dissolving carbides. Pre-oxidation led to a promising use of the alloys at atmospheric oxygen pressure.

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2

Collington, Rachel A. "Creep crack initiation and growth in 2.25% chromium-1% molybdenum alloy steel". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3172/.

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2.25%Cr-1 %Mo Steel has been utilised extensively for the manufacture of power plant components. This study has highlighted the implication of the presence of pre-existing defects in such components and, in particular, the influence of the microstructure on the creep deformation response ahead of a defect during the crack initiation, or incubation, period. The investigation was conducted by carrying out creep tests on compact tension specimens in three microstructural variations of the alloy and, subsequently, using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques to evaluate the creep damage in the "defect" tip region up to a point where -1 mm of crack extension was detected. Details of two image analysis routines devised specifically for this project have been presented and their suitability for purpose discussed. The first of these routines allowed the distribution and density of creep voids occurring ahead of the simulated defect to be quantified using back scattered electron imaging in the scanning electron microscope. The second allowed carbides, extracted from the alloy, to be classified in the STEM on the basis of their key element ratios. The microstructural constraint imposed by the material ahead of the defect tip was shown to critically affect the crack initiation and growth process; the order of constraint observed being that of 100% bainite > mixed ferrite / bainite > mixed ferrite / pearlite. A correlation between the carbide type, distribution and shape and the creep deformation and crack initiation process has been discussed and the implications of this to remanent life assessment suggested. Evolution of M₂₃C₆ grain boundary carbides to the equilibrium carbide, M₆C, and the affect of the grain boundary sliding on the shape of the M₆C, were proposed to be the most important microstructural phenomena contributing to the crack initiation process. A detailed review of published literature relating to the topic studied and recommendations for further work have also been included in this thesis.

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3

Levin, Victor D. "Laves phase strengthening in a cold-worked iron-chromium-nickel-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060348273.

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4

Norris, Richard H. "Creep crack growth behavior in weld metal/base metal/fusion zone regions in chromium molybdenum steels". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19451.

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5

Kim, Yeong Ho. "Chromium-free consumable for welding stainless steel corrosion perspective /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133285376.

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6

Trueman, Anthony Roger. "Characterization and corrosion studies of high carbon tool steel/tungsten carbide metal matrix composites". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.

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7

BORRO, JUNIOR ADAYR. "Estudo do efeito da nitretacao liquida e gasosa no comportamento mecanico de um aco ferramenta para trabalho a frio sinterizado 2,3 %C -12,5%Cr - 1,1%Mo - 4% V , temperado e revenido". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10948.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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8

BORRO, JUNIOR ADAYR. "Estudo do efeito da nitretacao liquida e gasosa no comportamento mecanico de um aco ferramenta para trabalho a frio sinterizado 2,3 porcento C - 12,5 porcento Cr - 1,1 ... , temperado e revenido". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10948.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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9

Strahin, Brandon L. "The Effect of Engineered Surfaces on the Mechanical Properties of Tool Steels Used for Industrial Cutting Tools". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1506692623324192.

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10

Lin, Sing-Min y 林賜民. "Studies on Precision Grinding Characteristics of Chromium - Molybdenum Alloy Steel". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29588365628656821941.

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碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程研究所
82
This thesis investigates the grinding characteristics of chromium-molybdenum alloy steel with the vitrified bonded CBN (cubic boron nitride) and Al2O3 wheel. The grinding forces, surface roughness and wheel wear were measured under various grinding conditions, and an optimum grinding condition was obtained. Using the 3-axis machining center, dynamometer and surface roughness testing machine, the grinding force and the surface roughness of the specimem under various grinding conditions for both alumina oxide and cubic boron nitride wheel. The experimental results showed that te grinding performance with cubic boron nitride is superior to that with alumina oxide. Based on the experimental results of this study, an optimum grinding condition was applied to the grinding of variable pitch lead screw with conical meshing elements. Then, the surface quality of the screw was measured.

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11

Jong, Gwo-Shiunn y 鐘國訓. "Studies on Precision Milling Characteristics of Chromium - Molybdenum Alloy Steel". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67372319281044386204.

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12

Susanto, Laurensius Benny. "Kinetics of carbide dissolution in chromium + molybdenum steels during oxidation /". 2004. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20040817.151942/index.html.

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13

YOU, SIANG-JHIH y 游祥志. "Experimental analysis and investigation of end milling process for flywheel of chromium molybdenum steel SCM440". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/emeky8.

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碩士
修平科技大學
精密機械與製造科技碩士班
106
The aim of this study is to investigate the SCM440 chromium molybdenum steel flywheel processing experiments using the coating tungsten carbide milling cutter. the spindle speed, feed rate, cutting depth, tool coating, milling feed direction and cutting fluid used as the processing parameters to observe the processing characteristics, such as tool wear and machined surface roughness. Sentral composite design (CCD) using Response Surface methodology (RSM) on experimental design steps, In the experimental study, experimental planning and design steps were conducted with three sets of numerical variables and three sets of categorical variables, combined with Sequential approximation optimization method (SAO) to generate second-order mathematical modules, The experimental parameters are used to explain the interrelationships between the end mill machining and the machining quality characteristics. The results show that when the spindle speed and feedrate increase, the wear of the tool increases. AlTiN-plated tool is a tool suitable for milling chrome molybdenum steel. The use of cutting fluids in the milling process will benefit tool life, reduce tool wear and achieve good machining surface quality, ANOVA was used to confirm the test results. All experimental values were within the 95% prediction interval. It is sufficient to verify the accuracy of the obtained second-order mathematical module, and the tool wear value, surface roughness value (Ra) and initial value of tool wear value and surface roughness obtained by optimizing the parameters obtained by optimizing the parameters are obtained. The values were compared with each other and were reduced by 0.0959% and 58.33% respectively.

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14

Hung, Kuei-Mei y 黃桂美. "Study on Autofrettage Stress Analysis of 120 mm Steel Pipe of Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h8f4fk.

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碩士
義守大學
機械與自動化工程學系
107
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel pipe with excellent yield point and tensile strength has been widely used in transmission shafts, spindles, guns and other components. In response to the policy of weapons made by self in the future, this study aims to use the autofrettage stress analysis on the 120 mm nickel-chromium- molybdenum alloy steel smoothbore gun manufactured by Rheinmetall and explores the effect of autofrettage influencing on the firing stress of the gun. The stress analysis method, element unit method, the Le Duc method and the Rheinmetall autofrettage stress algorithm are used for calculation and analysis. The preliminary results about autofrettage stress and thickness percentage for the specific case are as follows: (1) Obtain the effect of autofrettage on the firing stress, and the residual stress counteracts the firing stress so that the gun is in a safe range. (2) Obtain the effect of the percentage of autofrettage on the firing stress, and get a suitable autofrettage thickness percentage is about 50% to 60% after analysis.

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15

Laha, Kinkar. "Tensile And Creep Behaviour Of Similar And Dissimilar Weld Joints Of Cr-Mo Steels". Thesis, 1998. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2173.

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16

Laha, Kinkar. "Tensile And Creep Behaviour Of Similar And Dissimilar Weld Joints Of Cr-Mo Steels". Thesis, 1998. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2173.

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17

Piplani, Ramesh Kumar. "Formation of the dual phase structure during concurrent deformation of a low carbon chromium molybdenum steel and its mechanical properties". Thesis, 1986. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/2881.

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18

Veerababu, R. "Microstructural Studies on High Cr-Mo Secondary Hardening Ultra-High Strength Steels". Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3687.

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Secondary hardening ultra-high strength (SHUHS) steels possess a unique combination of strength, fracture toughness and stress corrosion cracking resistance, which makes them candidate materials for aircraft landing gear and armour applications. There is a sustained drive to develop stronger and tougher materials for such applications. The objectives of this thesis are two-fold: first, to develop a new SHUHS alloy that is stronger than the existing SHUHS steel developed at Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Hyderabad and second, to establish processing-structure-property correlations for the new alloy. Empirical design and development of these complex steels involves enormous effort, cost, time and materials resources. To avoid this, a semi-empirical approach was espoused in this thesis wherein thermodynamic calculations using ThermoCalc were conducted to computationally design a series of alloys with varying levels of Cr and Mo. The design space was constrained by two objectives related to M2C carbides which are the primary cause of secondary hardening in these alloys. The first objective was to increase the amount of M2C to increase the peak strength, while the second objective was to lower the Cr/Mo ratio of the M2C to control its over-ageing behavior. Two new alloys C23 (with 2Cr-3Mo, wt. %) and C55 (with 5Cr-5Mo, wt. %) and a base alloy akin to the DMRL SHUHS steel, C21 were selected for experimental validation. These alloys were melted, rolled and subjected to a battery of heat treatments. Austenitization studies revealed that the new alloys required higher austenitization temperatures to dissolve primary carbides. However such a treatment also resulted in an austenite composition that was not conducive for obtaining a fully martensitic microstructure on quenching. Based on these studies, the design space was modified to include additional criteria related to the Ms and precipitate dissolution temperatures. C55 failed to clear either criteria, while C23 cleared both, and so tempering studies were limited to C23. Isochronal tempering studies revealed that C23 in the peak aged condition was >10% stronger than C21 indicating that the alloy design objective of strength enhancement was achieved successfully. Microstructural characterization revealed that the strength enhancement was due to the higher number density and volume fraction of the M2C-like solute clusters in C23, which resist shearing in the under-aged condition and strengthen by Orowan mechanism in the over-aged condition. This thesis has successfully demonstrated that the design paradigm of enhancing strength by increasing the amount of M2C is justified and that ThermoCalc can be used to as an objective-oriented alloy design tool in this class of the steels.

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19

Veerababu, R. "Microstructural Studies on High Cr-Mo Secondary Hardening Ultra-High Strength Steels". Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3687.

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Secondary hardening ultra-high strength (SHUHS) steels possess a unique combination of strength, fracture toughness and stress corrosion cracking resistance, which makes them candidate materials for aircraft landing gear and armour applications. There is a sustained drive to develop stronger and tougher materials for such applications. The objectives of this thesis are two-fold: first, to develop a new SHUHS alloy that is stronger than the existing SHUHS steel developed at Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), Hyderabad and second, to establish processing-structure-property correlations for the new alloy. Empirical design and development of these complex steels involves enormous effort, cost, time and materials resources. To avoid this, a semi-empirical approach was espoused in this thesis wherein thermodynamic calculations using ThermoCalc were conducted to computationally design a series of alloys with varying levels of Cr and Mo. The design space was constrained by two objectives related to M2C carbides which are the primary cause of secondary hardening in these alloys. The first objective was to increase the amount of M2C to increase the peak strength, while the second objective was to lower the Cr/Mo ratio of the M2C to control its over-ageing behavior. Two new alloys C23 (with 2Cr-3Mo, wt. %) and C55 (with 5Cr-5Mo, wt. %) and a base alloy akin to the DMRL SHUHS steel, C21 were selected for experimental validation. These alloys were melted, rolled and subjected to a battery of heat treatments. Austenitization studies revealed that the new alloys required higher austenitization temperatures to dissolve primary carbides. However such a treatment also resulted in an austenite composition that was not conducive for obtaining a fully martensitic microstructure on quenching. Based on these studies, the design space was modified to include additional criteria related to the Ms and precipitate dissolution temperatures. C55 failed to clear either criteria, while C23 cleared both, and so tempering studies were limited to C23. Isochronal tempering studies revealed that C23 in the peak aged condition was >10% stronger than C21 indicating that the alloy design objective of strength enhancement was achieved successfully. Microstructural characterization revealed that the strength enhancement was due to the higher number density and volume fraction of the M2C-like solute clusters in C23, which resist shearing in the under-aged condition and strengthen by Orowan mechanism in the over-aged condition. This thesis has successfully demonstrated that the design paradigm of enhancing strength by increasing the amount of M2C is justified and that ThermoCalc can be used to as an objective-oriented alloy design tool in this class of the steels.

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