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Ming, Wang y Xu Yushan. "Foundations in China". China Nonprofit Review 2, n.º 1 (2010): 19–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187650910x12605098378978.
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AbstractFoundations are rooted in public interest; they are built from wealth; they are a form of involvement in the public interest for the wealthy; they represent a systemic arrangement in which society may, through organizing, compel the rich to express their concern for society through public-interest donations to the poor; and they are a legal form in which, in the name of the public interest, wealth can be redistributed and perpetuated. After defining foundations, offering a classification, and discussing foundations’ properties, this article endeavors to examine the historical development of foundations in the West and in China, and analyze the unique characteristics of Chinese foundations and their opportunities going forward. It will proceed to analyze the systemic characteristics of foundations’ property rights, introduce the concept of public-interest property rights, discuss foundation governance structures, analyze the basic principles behind foundation legislation, discuss preferential tax policies and innovations in foundation governance, and, finally, raise several policy recommendations for the expansion and strengthening of China’s foundations. This article represents the author’s effort at a general analytic framework for and basic research theory of foundations, based on empirical research, for the reference of his esteemed colleagues.
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Wang, Bin, Tianqing Qin, Changfeng Yuan, Liang Li, Minghui Yuan y Ying Li. "Analysis of Bearing Performance of Monopile and Single Suction Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Power under Horizontal Load". Geofluids 2022 (8 de junio de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4163240.
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In conjunction with the geological conditions of the East China Sea, the bearing performance of monopile and single-suction bucket foundations is compared and analyzed in shallow and deep-sea conditions under static horizontal loads. Furthermore, the statistical data of wind and wave from 2010 to 2020 in the East China Sea were tabulated into amplitude curves applied to the two foundations in the form of dynamic loads, and the bearing performances of the two foundations under dynamic loads were analyzed. The results show that the typical suction bucket foundation for a wind turbine currently designed in the shallow sea is destabilized under static horizontal loads, while the pile foundation is more stable; both foundations are stable in the deep-sea area. However, the suction bucket foundation displacement is less than the pile foundation. Under dynamic loading, the maximum displacement of monopile in the shallow sea was 127 mm. The maximum displacement of the suction bucket foundation was 434 mm, and the foundation was unstable. Both foundations are stable in deep-sea conditions, and the maximum displacement of the pile foundation is 1.4 times the maximum displacement of the suction bucket. Considering the difficulty construction in the deep sea, it is recommended to use suction bucket foundations.
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Zhang, Yunhao. "Soft Foundation Treatment Based on Xiangjiaba Project Slag Yard". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 95 (17 de mayo de 2024): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/x77cy938.
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Foundation treatment is a crucial aspect of practical engineering. A stable foundation plays a vital role in enhancing building stability, ensuring structural durability, and minimizing environmental impact. However, dealing with soft foundations presents a challenging problem in foundation treatment. This paper aims to study common methods for treating soft foundations based on data analysis, exploring the fundamental mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods. Simultaneously, the paper combines new methods for treating soft foundations in China, analyzing the practical treatment of the Xiangjiaba Project slag yard. The study identifies that, in practical engineering, the overall soft layers of the site are treated using the replacement method. Sections requiring treatment employ the block-stone replacement (squeeze consolidation) method, functioning as integral structural retaining walls. Additionally, due to the local precipitation reaching 1003.1 to 1305.6mm, drainage treatment is necessary for the site. By combining these three treatment methods, the study achieves the requirements for structural load-bearing capacity and stability while simultaneously achieving the effects of shortening construction time and saving costs. This research on soft foundation treatment is beneficial for providing insights into achieving the development goals of Western China.
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Huang, Xiaoyu, Fenqian Wu, Shaoyuan Lin y Wenxiang Zhang. "Selection of Foundation Types for Mechanized Construction of 220 kV Overhead Transmission Lines in Mountainous Areas Suitable for Fujian Province". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2614, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2614/1/012005.
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Abstract The construction of overhead transmission lines in mountainous areas poses a significant challenge when it comes to foundation construction. The type of foundation selected in these areas has a direct impact on equipment selection and access road planning. Fujian Province, located on the southeastern coast of China, is predominantly hilly and mountainous. Therefore, selecting an appropriate foundation for overhead transmission lines is crucial for successful mechanized construction of transmission lines in this region. In this study, we aimed to enhance the economy of mechanized construction of the foundation of the 220 kV overhead transmission lines in Fujian Province. We analyzed the typical geological conditions and foundation reactions in the area and compared the construction costs of mechanical pile foundations, mechanical digging foundations, and rock anchor foundations. The results show that the mechanical pile foundation requires the least amount of concrete when the foundation reaction of the 220 kV suspension tower is less than 1700 kN and the foundation reaction of the 220 kV tension tower is less than 1300 kN. Additionally, the quantity of the rock anchor foundation is less than that of the digging foundation. In terms of cost, the rock anchor foundation is the most economical, followed by the mechanical pile foundation and then the digging foundation.
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Yang, Chengwei y Zhenzhen Jiang. "A Discrete-Time Model-Based Method for Predicting Settlement of Geotechnical Foundations in Buildings". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (22 de marzo de 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5631634.
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The selection of a single prediction method is difficult to adapt to the actual engineering situation in the construction geotechnical foundation’s settlement prediction. This article proposes a modified optimized comprehensive prediction model to independently mine the construction geotechnical foundation settlement monitoring data from different angles. The proposed model analyzes the construction geotechnical foundation settlement’s change law and realizes the comprehensive prediction of construction geotechnical foundation settlement. Initially, the preliminary integrated discrete-time prediction model is established based on the combination of the hyperbolic method and the GM (1, 1) model’s modeling mechanism. The GM (1, 1) modeling mechanism is based on the idea of arithmetic weighted average combination. Then the real-time correction weight coefficients are constructed and the real-time correction amount is calculated to modify the initial integrated prediction model. The modified optimized integrated prediction model is established too. Finally, the modified optimized integrated prediction model is utilized to predict the settlement of building geotechnical foundations. The experimental results of A-Ma city project, China show that the modified optimized integrated prediction model has better prediction accuracy and has universal applicability than the hyperbolic method and GM (1, 1) in the prediction of foundation settlement of building geotechnical foundations. It can effectively reduce the prediction error after the combination of single methods.
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Hu, Ping y Dong Xiao Gu. "Development and Implementation of WEB-Based Online Hotel Reservation System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (agosto de 2013): 2947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2947.
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The Internet accelerates the communication and understandings between people, which make information unprecedented important. Furthermore, it changes the way that people book rooms, which makes rooms-booking diversified, convenient, and individualized. Out of the demand of modern hotels and based on the B/S model, this paper analyzes and designs the hotel booking operation, and achieves the functions of register, login-in, reservation, customer management, and reservation management, and etc., in order to improve the efficiency of hotel reservation. 1 Grants: This study is financially support by the following foundations: Young Talents in Colleges of Anhui Province under Grant No. 2011SQRW107, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.70871032, and Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No. 09YJA630029. About the authors: Hu Ping (1979-), female, born in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, master, lecturer, her current areas of research interest includes E-Government, information system and managerial innovation. Contact: 13365609125 (0551-62158118), huping@hfuu.edu.cn, Department of Management at Hefei University, 373 Fairview Avenue, Hefei 230022, P.R. CHINBA
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Wang, Fuhua. "Legal Foundation of Electronic Litigation in China". CIVIL PROCEDURE 23, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2019): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30639/cp.2019.02.23.1.247.
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Liu, Can, Meiqing Wu, Ke Zhao, Xiuli Wu, Yu Zhang, Zhiping Fan, Qian Fan et al. "Disrupted Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Of Intestinal Epithelium In Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease". Blood 122, n.º 21 (15 de noviembre de 2013): 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3256.3256.
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Abstract Background The intestine is preferentially damaged in acute graft-versus-graft disease (aGVHD). Patients with intestinal GVHD are usually associated with drug-resistant diarrhea and microflora disturbance. Recent studies suggest that toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling can protect the intestinal epithelial barrier and confer commensal tolerance in health. But less is known about how functional versus dysfunctional TLR pathway opposes or favours the intestinal GVHD. Methods In the current study, BALB/c mice were transplanted whole spleen and T cell deleted (TCD) bone marrow cells from C57BL/6 mice as GVHD group, and transplanted TCD bone marrow cells as control group. The jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum epithelium were harvested and total RNA of the intestinal epithelium were extracted in two groups. The mRNA expression of classical TLR pathway TLRx/MYD88/IRAK4 signaling molecules (TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, IRAK4 and Tollip) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β) were detected by RT-PCR. Results The intestine of aGVHD recipients showed severe mucosal edema and erythema with histologic changes of apoptotic epithelial cells and crypt cell dropout, while the intestine of recipients in the control group did not show any intestinal GVHD evidence. TLR2 expression was markedly down-regulated and little TLR4 expression was observed in GVHD intestinal epithelium in comparison to control group. MYD88 and IRAK4 expression were lower in the entire intestinal epithelium of GVHD group but only significant in colon and rectum epithelium between the two groups. Tollip, a TLR signaling inhibitor by interfering IRAK, was found much higher in the GVHD group. For cytokines, both of IFN-γ and TNF-α expression were markedly up-regulated from proximal to distal intestine in GVHD group as compared to control group. There was no difference in TGF-β expression between the two groups. Conclusions We propose TLR signaling in the intestinal epithelium, especially in colon and rectum, presents disruption in intestinal graft-versus-host disease. IFN-γ and TNF-α might contribute to accelerate TLR pathway alteration. Disclosures: Liu: It was supported by 863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017).: Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174).: Research Funding. Wu:It was supported by 863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017).: Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174).: Research Funding. Zhao:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017).: Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174).: Research Funding. Wu:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Zhang:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Fan:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Fan:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Yin:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Zheng:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Yi:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Liu:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding.
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Guo, Wenyan, Bingnan Hu, Junying Zhang, Qingtong Chen, Xinguo Jia y Jianghua Li. "Research on the Settlement Regulation and Stability of Large Building Foundation over Gobs: A Case Study in the Xiangcheng Coal Mine, China". Shock and Vibration 2021 (11 de mayo de 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5533098.
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Due to the acceleration of urbanization in China, the land use and new building construction in mining subsidence areas are increasing. However, a large high-rise building (100 m × 80 m × 100 m) was planned to be built above gob areas in the Xiangcheng Mine subsidence area. According to the analysis of the borehole exploration data, borehole TV observations, and theoretical calculations, there were broken bedrock and developmental fractures in the fracture and caved zones above the gob areas. In addition, the depth affected by the building load is less than 9 m from the top of the fracture zone; thus, the stabilities of the gobs are low. Then, through the theoretical analysis of the space stress, compression settlement of foundation soil, and residual settlement of the gob and coal pillar under loads, combining the similar simulation study on settlement characteristics of foundation soil and gobs, the total settlement of the foundation can be regarded as the vector superposition of the compression settlement and residual settlement; then, the maximum settlement is calculated as 555 mm and the maximum tilt is 14.9 mm/m under the building load, which are greater than the permissible values of 200 mm and 2 mm/m, indicating that the foundation’s stability is inadequate. Therefore, the treatment measures of the deep pile group foundations in the soil layer and grouting reinforcement in the gobs were simultaneously put forward to effectively improve the stability of the building foundations.
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Wang, Qun. "Differentiated Government Control for Conformity: Government-NGO Relations in China". China Nonprofit Review 12, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2021): 181–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341376.
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Abstract This study examines differentiated government control over foundations in China. The distinct patterns of “Harmonious Society” and “obeying the law” in foundation mission statements indicate a two-dimensional control mechanism in which the government intends to seek functional conformity and behavioral conformity from foundations. Using the multinomial logistic regression method on the mission statement of 2,498 foundations from 2004 to 2013, this article finds that foundations’ funding-sufficiency leads to the government’s strong intention for functional conformity and weak intention for behavioral conformity. The article implies that the Chinese government has eased some institutional constraints on foundations for the purpose of seeking financial contributions from foundations. It suggests that the Chinese government can adapt to the socioeconomic conditions and calculate its relations with nongovernmental organizations.
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Wu, Meiqing, Can Liu, Ke Zhao, Xiuli Wu, Yu Zhang, Zhiping Fan, Qian Fan et al. "The Role Of Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition In The Remodeling Of Lung Injury Induced By Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease". Blood 122, n.º 21 (15 de noviembre de 2013): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3257.3257.
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Abstract Background Noninfectious lung injury caused by graft-versus-graft disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). Epithelial injury is a central event in the pathogenesis of noninfectious lung injury. Recent studies have shown that alveolar epithelial cells are able to self-renew and reestablish a functional alveolar epithelium. In the inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases, differentiated epithelia also can acquire a myofibroblast phenotype in the process termed epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to aberrant healing and fibrosis. Many factors such as inflammatory cytokine TGF-β have been suggested to induce EMT. However, the role of EMT in the remodeling of acute GVHD (aGVHD) induced lung injury is unclear. Methods BALB/c mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted T cell-deleted (TCD) bone marrow plus whole spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice as aGVHD group, and only transplanted TCD bone marrow cells as control group. Alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from mice of two groups and Ep-CAM expression was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β was detected by RT-PCR. The mRNA and protein expressions of specific markers, including E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and surfactant proteins (SP)-C in lung tissue, were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Results All mice in the aGVHD group showed diffuse periluminal infiltrates and parenchymal pneumonitis by histopathology, while the mice in the control group did not show any lung injury evidence. IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β mRNA expressions were markedly up-regulated in the lung injury group as compared to the control group (P=0.045, P=0.032, P=0.025). Alveolar epithelial cells of injured lung expressed higher Ep-CAM (P=0.017) and lower SP-C (P=0.023). RT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed a significant decrease in epithelial marker E-cadherin (P=0.029) and increase in mesenchymal marker vimentin (P=0.026) in the GVHD damaged lung. Snail, a key EMT related transcription factor, was significantly elevated at mRNA and protein level in comparison to control group (P=0.015). Conclusion EMT is involving in the remodeling of lung injury induced by aGVHD. TGF-β is demonstrated to induce EMT. Whether up-regulation of IFN-γ and TNF-α contributes to EMT is deserved to be further explored. Disclosures: Wu: 863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Liu:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Zhao:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Wu:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Zhang:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Fan:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Fan:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Yin:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Zheng:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Yi:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding. Liu:863 Program (No. 2011AA020105) and National Public Health Grand Research Foundation ( No. 201202017): Research Funding; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81000231, No.81270647) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China (11A72121174): Research Funding.
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Baick, John S. "Cracks in the Foundation: Frederick T. Gates, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the China Medical Board". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3, n.º 1 (enero de 2004): 59–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000621.
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As his lengthy career neared an end, Rockefeller advisor Frederick T. Gates made a bold and unsuccessful proposal to the trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1924, asking them to invest $265 million in the China Medical Board. Founded in 1914, the China Medical Board (CMB) was one of the earliest ventures of the Rockefeller Foundation, the most prominent of the Progressive Era's giant secular philanthropic foundations. The CMB was also the last major philanthropic effort by Gates, the man most responsible for shifting the Rockefellers from denominational charity to international philanthropy. After a decade in existence, the CMB had not come close to realizing the hopes of its founder. Only with this massive, unprecedented infusion of capital, Gates explained, could his dream “spring into existence full panoplied.” This dream was never fully realized because of its astonishingly grandiose scale and complexity: its goal was to make Chinese medical care the finest in the world, and in the process close the chasm that he saw between denominational Christianity and the needs of the modern world. Although the story of the China Medical Board is the story of a failed vision, it also affords a glimpse of the cracks at the base of modern American philanthropy.
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Chan, Kin-Man y Weijun Lai. "Foundations in China: From Statist to Corporatist". American Behavioral Scientist 62, n.º 13 (2 de mayo de 2018): 1803–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773444.
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This article discusses the development of philanthropic foundations in China. In the early stage of development from 1980s to 2003, most Chinese foundations were established by the government. They were given a special privilege to raise funds from the public but their projects were usually carried out through an “encapsulated system,” that is, within the administrative networks of the government agencies. The 2004 reform in the regulation of foundations allowed space for nongovernmental foundations to emerge, particularly those founded by corporations or individual elites. The Chinese government expected most of them to rely on their own funds and did not grant them right to conduct public fundraising. Some of these foundations later became “policy entrepreneurs” striving for equal right in fundraising and making grants to nongovernmental organizations. Regardless of these changes, the Chinese state still possesses eminent regulatory power and informal political influences in the sector. The foundation regime has changed from a statist to a corporatist model but is unlikely to move further to a liberal one.
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Zhao, Baoyun, Xiaoping Wang, Mijia Yang, Dongyan Liu, DongSheng Liu y Shuguo Sun. "Experimental Study on Static Load of Large-Diameter Piles in Nonuniform Gravel Soil". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (11 de julio de 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6291826.
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With the development of tourism, the number of multistorey buildings in mountain areas is increasing gradually, and the requirements of the form and bearing capacity of foundation in landslide areas are getting more demanding than ever. In-situ testing of rock and soil mass in slope area has important practical significance for improving the stability of building foundation. Taking a project in Baishi Mountain located in southwest of China as an example, firstly, the geological structure and mechanical properties of soil are analyzed. Then, two types of pile foundations, i.e., empty-bottom pile foundations and solid-bottom pile foundations, are designed based on the characteristics of the geological structure for carrying out the static load test on pile foundation. The test results are as follows: (a) the load settlement curve (Q-S) of the empty-bottom test pile shows a steep drop, while the Q-S curve of the solid-bottom test pile shows a gradual change, showing that the end-bearing friction pile’s property and the ultimate bearing capacity of the solid-bottom pile are higher than those of the empty-bottom pile. (b) The maximum lateral friction of the four test piles is 139.158 kPa, 148.015 kPa, 150.828 kPa, and 154.956 kPa, respectively. (c) The shaft skin resistance under ultimate load is coming close to the maximum value, and the maximum values are 9.792 mm, 7.939 mm, 9.881 mm, and 14.97 mm, respectively. Research results can serve as design bases for the pile foundation of multistorey buildings located in landslide areas of Baishi Mountain in the southwest of China and also as references for the engineering application of pile foundation in similar geological fracture areas.
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Lai, Weijun, Jiangang Zhu, Lin Tao y Anthony J. Spires. "Bounded by the State: Government Priorities and the Development of Private Philanthropic Foundations in China". China Quarterly 224 (4 de noviembre de 2015): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101500123x.
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AbstractFrom a regulatory perspective, philanthropy in China has been officially modernized. Since the government established a legal framework in 2004 based on models from overseas, the number of private foundations in China has grown more than six-fold. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 214 private foundations conducted in 2012, we present a landscape view of these new philanthropic institutions, discussing both who begins foundations and how their monies are used. We find that despite the rise of new private wealth in China and the adoption of the private foundation form, government priorities are structuring the field of Chinese philanthropy in key and consequential ways. We conclude with some considerations of the implications of these findings for the development of broader civil society.
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Yao, Ting y Wei Li. "An Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness for Reclaimed Coral Sand Foundation in the South China Sea". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11122288.
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Mega land reclamation projects have been carried out on the coral reefs in the South China Sea. Coral sand was used as a backfill material through hydraulic filling, with fill heights ranging from 6 to 10 m. To enhance foundation stability, vibro-flotation and impact rolling have been employed. However, the uneven distribution of coral sand, irregular particle shape, lower single-particle strength, and paucity of engineering cases for reference have posed challenges in evaluating the effectiveness of these foundation treatments. In this study, the effectiveness of vibro-flotation and impact rolling on the densification and bearing capacity of coral sand foundations has been investigated. In situ tests, including the plate load test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, density measurements, dynamic penetration test (DPT), and settlement monitoring, were conducted at four distinct zones: an untreated zone, a vibro-flotation zone at a 5 m depth, a vibro-flotation zone at a 10 m depth, and an impact rolling zone. The findings suggest that coral sand exhibits promising characteristics for foundation construction. Seepage and self-weight consolidation following land reclamation formation significantly enhance the compaction degree of the coral sand foundation, thereby meeting the requirements for areas with lower bearing capacity demands. Both vibro-flotation and impact rolling techniques could significantly enhance the foundation-bearing capacity, with marginal differences between them. Since the machinery is simple and construction speed is quick, the impact rolling method is considered to be the most efficient for the treatment of coral sand foundation. The DPT results suggest that the reinforcement effect of both vibro-flotation and impact rolling on the deep foundation is not as substantial as the surface layers. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing foundation treatments for land reclamation projects on the coral reefs.
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Lee, Hur‐Li. "Epistemic foundation of bibliographic classification in early China". Journal of Documentation 68, n.º 3 (20 de abril de 2012): 378–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220411211225593.
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Zhang, Yuzhu, Wenbo Lu, Ming Chen, Peng Yan y Yingguo Hu. "Dam foundation excavation techniques in China: A review". Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 5, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2013): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.08.002.
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Guo, Zihan. "Social Foundation of Sogdian Commercial Diaspora in China". Communications in Humanities Research 28, n.º 1 (19 de abril de 2024): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/28/20230061.
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This paper explores the Sogdian communication system, religious, cultural distinctions and adaptations, and the role of women that shaped their commercial interactions along the ancient Silk Road. The Sogdians, a mercantile empire residing in Central Asia between the 2nd and 10th centuries, relied on a well-developed communication system rooted in family kinship ties, religious and cultural distinctions, including Zoroastrianism and unique burial practices, and active engagement of women in this long-lived diaspora.
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Li, Peng, Qi Hao Yu, Fu Zhang Yan, Yuan Sheng Huang y Dong Xing Cheng. "Main Problems and Solutions on Design and Construction of Qinghai-Tibet DC Transmission Project in Permafrost Region". Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (agosto de 2013): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.515.
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The Qinghai-Tibet direct-current transmission project crosses the high-altitude permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The permafrost foundation is characterized by being poor in thermal stability, rich in underground ice, very sensitive to climate warming, and strong in water-thermal activity. The foundation of the transmit electricity engineering therefore faces great challenges including tower foundation type selection and design, permafrost protection in the process of foundation construction and long-term stability. Based on an analysis of the geological engineering conditions and principal geological engineering problems of the project, a study is carried out on the design and construction problems of the transmission tower foundations in the permafrost region, the systematic analysis is also made regarding the main solutions to these problems with consideration of tower foundations long-term stability. This study will provide a theoretical basis and technical guide for design and construction of transmission lines in the permafrost region, and a reference for construction of transmission line projects in similar regions in China or even in the world.
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Liu, Shu Liang y Yan Min Wang. "Risk Analysis of Regional Energy Efficiency in China Based on DEA". Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (agosto de 2013): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.245.
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Energy is the foundation of modern social economy, and energy efficiency is an important issue that various countries concerned. By using the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) method, we studied Chinas regional energy consumption and treatment situation of waste water and air pollution. So we can draw the conclusion that energy efficiency is generally good in the South China, the Northeast and the Northwest, which energy efficiency risk is low. But the efficiency is low in the North China and the East China. At the same time, the returns to scale of energy are decreasing in the North China, the East China, the Central China and the Southwest, so they should reduce the consumption of energy and enhance the treatment of waste water and air pollution, in order to reduce the Chinas regional energy efficiency risk.
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LI, Wang-fan, Jun JIANG, Xiu-jin WANG, Qing SUN, Yong WANG y Qi WEI. "ICOPE-15-C080 Comparative Study on Foundation Dynamic Characteristics of Nuclear Power Units in China". Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2015.12 (2015): _ICOPE—15——_ICOPE—15—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2015.12._icope-15-_162.
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Rui, Yang. "Research of trends in the development of Russian linguistics in China in the 21st century on the basis of national projects funded by the Social Sciences Foundation." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, n.º 6-1 (1 de junio de 2023): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202306statyi07.
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The national project funded by the Social Sciences Foundation of China is the most advanced project of the Foundation for Scientific Research in Philosophy and Social Sciences in China. This article analyzes the relevant data of national projects to study the direction of the development of Russian linguistics, to determine trends and the fulcrum of research in China.
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Li, Dan y Di Wu. "Study on the Performance of Cushion in the Rigid Pile Composite Foundation under Flexible Load". Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (agosto de 2013): 1698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1698.
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In recent years, rigid pile composite foundation has been used as a cost effective alternative to the soft ground treatment of highway and railway in China, but limited studies were conducted on the performance of the composite foundation under embankment load, especially the cushion reinforced by geosynthetics. In this paper, 3 centrifuge model tests were performed and studied on reinforced and unreinforced cushion of composite foundation. Instrumentations were applied to investigate the distributions of displacements, earth pressures in the foundations as well as tensile forces in the model geosynthetics. Following results were found: Cushion reinforced by geosynthetics can not only reduce the deformation of embankment and foundation, but also enhance the load transference to the pile cap from foundation between piles, which means cushion plays an important role in the composite foundation; Cushion works normally because of the geosynthetics in the cushion bearing tensile force. Moreover, the tensile force of geosynthetics below the shoulder of embankment is larger than that in the center of embankment and near the toe of slope because of the lateral restraint of basal reinforcement.
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Lu, Xian Long y Zeng Zhen Qian. "Development on Environmental Geotechnology for Overhead Transmission Line Foundation Engineering in China". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (diciembre de 2012): 2813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2813.
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This paper presents the concept and the fundamental issues and the development on the environmental geotechnology in transmission lines foundation engineering. Namely, environmental geotechnology and theory is to study the restriction effects of environment on the transmission line routes, foundation selection and reliability, to predict the results of transmission line foundation construction on the environment, and to study on countermeasures of environmental protection in transmission foundation engineering. And then, from the above three aspects, the design method combined strength and displacement for tower foundation, the selection on foundation types and technical scheme for transmission line tower, and the countermeasures for soil and water conservation, the author introduces the development and practice of environmental geotechnology for transmission lines foundation engineering in China.
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Wu, Ya Ping, Gao Feng Pan, Hai Dong Hu, Gang Wang, Jun Wang y Zhi Biao Xu. "Analysis of the Culvert Foundation Settlement under Different Construction Methods in High Salinity Regions". Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (mayo de 2016): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.559.
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In this paper, a key treatment technology of the culvert foundation is presented, which is on the high salt saturated fine sand in a new China local railway from XieTieshan to North Hobsonis. In the procedure，for the two kinds of culvert foundation treatment technology(gravel pile foundation and rubble replacement), the settlement laws of culvert under China-load are explored by comparing with the field observation data and numerical analysis conclusion. The results show that in saline soil area, using rubble fill to reinforce groundwork is a appropriate treatment technology for culvert foundation.
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Chang, Kuntan, Dongsheng Jeng, Jisheng Zhang y Yu Zhang. "Soil response around Donghai offshore wind turbine foundation, China". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy 167, n.º 1 (febrero de 2014): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ener.12.00017.
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Sun, Wei, Yongnian Yan, Feng Lin y Myron Spector. "Biomanufacturing: A US-China National Science Foundation–Sponsored Workshop". Tissue Engineering 12, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 1169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.12.1169.
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Zhou, Rui Ming. "Application Analysis of BIM in China Zun Foundation Project". Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (enero de 2014): 2668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2668.
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Nowadays, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is world widely used in the construction industry. This paper, based on the foundation of China Zun construction project, studies the value of BIM technology in collision detection, engineering statistics, and 4D construction simulation and analyzes its advantages of applying BIM technology and disadvantages exited in BIM software in practice.
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Chu, Cordia. "Reproductive health research in China: The Ford Foundation initiatives". Acta Tropica 57, n.º 2-3 (agosto de 1994): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(94)90008-6.
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Lin, Gang, Wenbin Ke, Shuaishuai Guo, Zhaorui Lin, Changjie Xu, Minliang Chi y Yue Xiao. "Influence of Pile Foundation Construction on Existing Tunnels in a Metro Protection Area: Field Test and Numerical Simulation". Buildings 14, n.º 8 (24 de julio de 2024): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082280.
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On the basis of the Fengqi Chaoming project in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, this paper investigates the influence of pile foundation construction on the existing tunnels in a metro protection area to ensure the stability and safety of the pile foundation construction in the area of Hangzhou Metro Line 2 through in situ pile tests and numerical simulations. The test results show that the pile foundation construction has a certain influence on the existing metro tunnels, and the degree of influence gradually decreases as the distance between the pile foundation and the metro tunnel increases. The corresponding impact level for the pile foundation at 12 m from the tunnel is 1.06 mm, and that for the pile foundation at 4.9 m from the tunnel is 1.18 mm. Different types of pile foundations also lead to different degrees of influence. The maximum settlement corresponding to triaxial cement mixing piles is 1.89 mm, while the hard-method occlusal piles is 1.18 mm. The monitoring point of the metro tunnel with the smallest distance from the pile foundation experiences the largest deformation, but several sets of deformation data meet the requirements of the deformation control index, indicating that the pile foundation construction is safe and controllable.
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Hou, Jian, Yiyang Lu, Jian’an Wang y Kaihang Yu. "Calculation Model of Compaction Coefficient of Soil among SP−PSC Pile Group on Collapsible Loess Foundation". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 6 (21 de marzo de 2023): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13064003.
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Collapsible loess is a kind of soil with special properties, and is widely distributed in China. When it is not wetted by water, its strength is generally high and its compressibility is low. However, when collapsible loess is wetted by water under a certain pressure, the soil structure will be rapidly destroyed, resulting in large additional subsidence. Therefore, when engineering constructions on collapsible loess sites are carried out, appropriate foundation treatment measures must be taken to eliminate foundation collapsibility. Because of their advantages, static pressure plain soil compaction (SP−PSC) piles are widely used for collapsible loess foundation treatments in China. However, at present, there is still a lack of accurate understanding of the distribution of compaction coefficient of soil among SP−PSC pile groups on collapsible loess foundations. The present study systematically investigated the distribution of the soil compaction coefficient among SP−PSC pile groups based on SP−PSC pile group tests and finite element analyses. The effect of different factors on soil compaction coefficient was analyzed and explored, including the pile diameter and length of SP−PSC piles, the soil moisture content, the pile spacing within the SP−PSC pile group, and the depth to ground. Finally, the simplified calculation models of the compaction coefficient of the soil at the center of pile group and at the midpoints of adjacent piles were analytically formulated. These models established a theoretical basis for the design and construction of SP−PSC pile groups on collapsible loess foundations.
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Dong, Xinsheng, Guanru Wen, Mingguan Zhao, Yang Yang, Meng Li y Long Zhao. "Study of the Prevention Method of ±800 kV Transmission Tower Foundation Deviation". Energies 16, n.º 6 (8 de marzo de 2023): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062557.
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The stability of transmission tower bases is key to ensuring the safe operation of power lines. This paper proposes a joint displacement-control technique for foundation-inclined piles and prestressed foundation tie beams to address the problem of tower base displacement and durability degradation caused by environmental factors. A finite element model of an exposed-pile transmission tower conforming to the structural characteristics of the actual line tower was established based on the current situation of Tower 292 of the ±800 kV Tianzhong line in Xinjiang, China. Three different displacement-control schemes were analyzed under the combined effects of tower line load, ice-cover load, and wind load, including changing exposed pile height, changing inclined pile tilt angle, and increasing the prestressed foundation tie beam. The analysis shows that the combined displacement-control technology of foundation-inclined piles and prestressed foundation tie beams can reduce the horizontal displacement of EHV tower foundations by more than 50%, which greatly reduces safety problems caused by tower displacement and effectively improves tower durability.
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Ma, Yu, Xiuli Wu, Xu Wang, Fan Zhang, Lijian Yang, Shaohua Chen, Bo Li y Yangqiu Li. "The Feature of MALT1-A20-NF-κB Expression Pattern Provide Important Insights Into the Therapeutic Benefit for T-ALL". Blood 120, n.º 21 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 4810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4810.4810.
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Abstract Abstract 4810 The knowledge of oncogenic signaling pathways of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is still limited. Constitutive aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling has been detected in various lymphoid malignancies and plays a key role in the development of these malignancies. The zinc finger-containing protein A20 (also known as Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Protein 3 or TNFAIP3) is a central regulator of multiple NF-κB activating signaling cascades. A20 is inactivated and results in constitutive NF-κB activation in tumor cells. A20 is now known to act as a crucial tumor suppressor in various hematological malignancies like lymphomas. MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) plays a critical role in the regulation of NF-κB pathways, and mediated rapid proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of A20. To further characterize the function of these signal molecules, we analyzed the expression levels of A20, NF-κB and MALT1 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 19 patients newly diagnosed with T-ALL (aged 4–70 years, median 25), and investigated the relationship between the aberrant expressions of these genes and T-ALL. Twenty-nine healthy individuals (aged 20–57, median 28) served as controls. We found that the expression levels of A20 in T-ALL patients (6.057±5.275) were significantly lower than healthy group (9.865±5.370) (P=0.020), while the expression levels of NF-κB (0.560±0.425) and MALT1 (2.712±3.127) in T-ALL patients were significantly higher than healthy group (0.337±0.311, 0.713±0.464) (P=0.041, P=0.001). The expression levels of A20 had a significant negative correlation with the expression of MALT1 (r=−0.628, P=0.009), and the reduced levels of A20 had a positive correlation with the increased expression of NF-κB in T-ALL (r=0.588, P=0.017). In conclusion, the overexpression of MALT1 in T-ALL causes constitutively cleavage and inactivation of A20 to enhance NF-κB signaling, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of T-ALL. Thus, MALT1 may consider as a potentially attractive target for the development of T-ALL therapeutics. Disclosures: Ma: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Wu:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Wang:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Zhang:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Yang:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Chen:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Li:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding. Li:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91129720): Research Funding.
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Guo, Wenyan, Shiqi Liu, Bingnan Hu, Yanchun Xu y Yaqi Luo. "Grouting Reinforcement of Large Building Foundation over Old Gob Areas: A Case Study in Huaibei Mining Area, China". Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (3 de diciembre de 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8738752.
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There are more than 14,000 square kilometers of mining subsidence areas in China, most of which have been reclaimed for the construction of new buildings. In the past, few special measures were required for the foundations of small buildings above old gob areas. But a plan was created to construct a large office building 100 m in length, 90 m in width, and 100 m in height, above old gob areas in the Huaibei subsidence area. However, the results of exploration borehole data and borehole TV observation indicated a broken bedrock stratum and developmental fractures above the old gob areas, and thus, the space stabilities of the building foundation were poor. Therefore, grouting reinforcement measure was adopted for the old gob and foundation areas. And the grouting effect was examined using borehole TV observation and the water injection test, where the detection results of boreholes TV observation showed that the filling ratio of the stratum fracture was over 85%, and the stability of the foundation was obviously enhanced. In addition, we monitored the settlement of the foundation continuously for 930 days. The results show that the maximum cumulative subsidence was 15.3 mm and the maximum slope was 0.05 mm/m, which verifies that grouting reinforcement is feasible in terms of the safety of large buildings constructed over old gob areas using bedrock stratum grouting in the Huaibei subsidence area.
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Xiong, Yixuan. "Analysis of Educational Inequality in China". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 18, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2023): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/18/20231306.
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Economic development should be based on talents. Education is the foundation of a countrys centennial plan. The quality of education development is related to the destiny of a countrys development. At present, the problem of educational inequality in China is obvious, and the talents cultivated under the educational management system can no longer meet the needs of Chinas social development. In order to promote the balanced development of education from the perspectives of the government, families, individuals, and schools, the paper proposes appropriate solutions and analyses the current situation of educational inequality in China and the factors that cause it from various angles. The paper also takes educational inequality in China as its research theme. The conclusions of this study have reference value for solving educational inequality, providing reference for government decision-making, further promoting the improvement of Chinas education system and promoting education equality in urban and rural areas, regions and gender.
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Yu, Zhen Xi. "Non-Linear Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Some Extremely Deep Foundation Pit Support". Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (octubre de 2013): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.79.
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In recent years, with the enhancement of overall national strength in China, the computer simulation technology has been developed rapidly and widely applied to engineering construction. Particularly, investment proportion of the technology in deep foundation pit engineering is immense. Yet affected by national conditions in China, the construction and application of deep foundation pit engineering have many extensive factors. It also results in insufficient vigor of finite element analysis of deep foundation pit support construction. In this way, construction problems arise frequently under the condition that there exist buildings around. With some deep foundation pit support engineering, the thesis conducts simulation analysis of the engineering through the technology of nonlinear three-dimensional finite element.Project profile
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Liu, Qi Xia y Yang Zhao. "Application of Vacuum Preloading for Soft Foundation Treatment in Grain Storage". Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (julio de 2012): 1207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.1207.
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The application of vacuum preloading for soft foundation treatment in grain storage is introduced from its principle，design，construction and the inspections. Its obvious effect is proved by example. The east coast of China is the most developed economical area and major grain and oil manufacturers. Many grain and oil depots have been established. However, in the places where the depots located, soil is soft dirt with low strength grade, high compressibility, small permeability and high possibility of plastic flow, has increased difficulties of grain and oil depots foundation construction. Without enough knowledge of soft soil and lacking of proper foundation construction method and good technology, depots may slip due to foundation’s erosion, and big settlement. If the structure slips, equipments for aeration, dehumidifier, antivirus equipment cannot work well. Based on the statement above, reasonable and effective methods for soft soil foundation work is the key point for construction of high quality and high standard grain and oil depots. This paper mainly discussed when we do depots construction work on the soft soil foundation, exact calculation, construction method and result test of fasten method for the soft foundation under the vacuum circumstance of preloading.
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Ma, Haiying, Minghui Lai, Xuefei Shi, Zhen Cao y Junyong Zhou. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON COLUMN-FOUNDATION CONNECTION THROUGH EXTERNAL SOCKET". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 27, n.º 3 (4 de marzo de 2021): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.14100.
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In practice, bridge foundations and pier columns are usually constructed with cast-in-place concrete. Precast columns are currently widely used in highway bridges in China, which can save construction time and improve concrete quality. The connection between precast bridge columns and the foundation can affect how forces transfer from one to the other. This paper investigates using external sockets to form a connection between the bridge column and foundation. This method can accelerate the bridge construction time with the additional advantages of improving the orientation and creating a large erection tolerance. Two types of connections are presented and tested to investigate the behavior of the column-foundation connections and find a more suitable way to use external socket connections. The experimental results show that the column-foundation connection design satisfies the design requirements. The results also show that roughening the column surface within the external socket is more effective at connecting the column to the foundation when using an external socket compared to attaching a steel plate on the column. The experimental results are validated with a finite element analysis, resulting in a proposal regarding the column-foundation connection behavior as well as design recommendations for the external socket connection.
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Wang, Huaiyu, Huiyun Zhang, Dengzhe Li, Xinxin Zhang y Limei Chen. "Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Relapse in a Large Medical Center of China over a 9-Year Period: Evolving Treatment Strategies and Lessons for This Highly Curable Disease". Blood 128, n.º 22 (2 de diciembre de 2016): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5184.5184.
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Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)/arsenic trioxide (ATO) combination based therapy has become recommended first line treatment for de novo diagnosed low- to intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. Though highly curable, relapses of APL could happen due to various reasons. In this research, we retrospectively analyzed data from patients who were diagnosed and treated APL between 2007 and 2015 in a tertiary hospital in northwest China. 123 APL patients were included, among which, 13 patients experienced relapse despite intensive treatment of ATRA plus ATO or ATRA plus chemotherapy or ATRA plus ATO plus chemotherapy. Although they all achieved complete remission after first induction therapy, 2 patients relapsed during maintenance therapy, 3 patients discontinued treatment then relapsed, 6 patients relapsed during consolidation therapy. Relevant data were subsequently compared with guidelines and multi-centre clinical researches to find out possible reasons of relapse. The results showed, all 13 relapsed patients received less than recommended dose of ATRA and ATO. 6 patients had longer than 4 months' treatment intervals, 4 patients received more than 5 courses of chemotherapy as consolidation or maintenance therapy, among which 2 patients relapsed during maintenance therapy till received chemotherapy 12 and 16 courses respectively. Risk assessment: 5 patients with low-risk, 4 patients with intermediate-risk, 4 patients with high-risk. Conclusion: It is highly possible that the relapse of APL is related to insufficient prescription of ATRA and ATO, and too many courses of chemotherapy may exert negative effects on outcome. Disclosures Wang: National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research Funding. Zhang:National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research Funding. Li:National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research Funding. Zhang:National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research Funding. Chen:National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research Funding.
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Li, Peiyan y Yanyu Zhang. "Research on the Causes of Chinas Foreign Economic Cooperation Problems and Countermeasures". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 23, n.º 1 (13 de septiembre de 2023): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/23/20230372.
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Since the founding of China, China has established diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, forming diplomatic relations with Chinese characteristics. In the course of more than 60 years of development, China's neighborhood diplomacy has accumulated rich practical experience, and China's international status and influence have been continuously enhanced. In recent years, China has increased its international status and cooperates with foreign governments more often than it did decades ago. This article will examine the problems China faces in international economic cooperation, find the causes of Chinas foreign economic cooperation problems, and propose some solutions. Chinas economic activities in Africa bring pros and cons to both sides of the trade. Data for China-Africa trade are used and analyzed circumstances of cooperation. It is important to improve the trade imbalance between China and Africa and build more sustainable economic environments in Africa via Chinas help to improve cooperation between countries further. Through the implementation of the new concept of neighborhood diplomacy and foreign policy, China has promoted the adjustment of its domestic economic structure and industrial upgrading, strengthened economic and trade exchanges and political mutual trust with many countries in the world, and won their support in international affairs in particular, laying a foundation for China to expand broader diplomatic relations.
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Li, Yanan, Han Zhang, Yanling Yuan, Ling Lan y Yongqi Su. "Research on Failure Modes and Causes of 100-m-High Core Wall Rockfill Dams". Water 16, n.º 13 (26 de junio de 2024): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16131809.
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Rockfill dams are the most competitive type of dam in complex geological environments. Identifying the failure modes and causes in high dams over 100 m is critical for better guiding high dam designs and implementing safety prevention and control measures. To this end, this paper investigated numerous cases of earth–rock dam breaches and failure modes in rockfill dams globally, with a particular focus on dams over 100 m in height, encompassing all such dams in China. The study categorized dam failure modes based on whether the dams were built before or after 1980. It also examined the causes of dam failures in terms of dam height, foundation characteristics and thickness, and failure time. Additionally, the paper analyzed a rockfill dam in China, with a height of 136 m and over ten years of operation, as a case study. We analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics and causes of failures, such as dam crest cracking, high-level seepage, and gallery cracking, using the design situation, monitoring data, and numerical simulation. The paper also addressed issues related to dam design and foundation treatment, providing recommendations for improvement. The study indicated that the overall risk of total failure for dams over 100 m is already low. However, longitudinal cracks on the dam crest, core wall seepage, hydraulic splitting, and seepage damage to the dam foundation are primary issues in the current high core wall rockfill dams. These issues are mainly caused by uneven structural deformation of the dam and its foundation. A reasonable design of rockfill materials and foundations can mitigate these failures.
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Choi, Eun Jin y Hye Jung Chung. "The Foundation and Development of Christian Women’s University in China". CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches) 122 (31 de octubre de 2019): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24161/chr.122.111.
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Chen, Chang Li, Cheng Shu Tang y Zhen Hua Zhao. "Application of MgO Concrete in China Dongfeng Arch Dam Foundation". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (diciembre de 2010): 1953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1953.
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In order to find out the long-term deformation behavior of MgO concrete,the nearly 10 years prototype observation data of Dongfeng arch dam foundation is analyzed. The results show that the MgO concrete has excellent delayed micro-expansion character, and its long-term expansive deformation always tends to stable level without any trend to contraction or infinite expansion, and by adding appropriate MgO expanding agent which was calcined at some high temperature into concrete, the cracking resistance of the concrete is improved. It is an effective way to construct dams excellently, efficiently and economically by using MgO concrete technology.
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Zhang, Zhong. "Legal Deterrence: the foundation of corporate governance ? evidence from China". Corporate Governance: An International Review 15, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2007): 741–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00621.x.
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Yidong, G. "RESEARCH MISCONDUCT: China Science Foundation Takes Action Against 60 Grantees". Science 309, n.º 5742 (16 de septiembre de 2005): 1798a—1799a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.309.5742.1798a.
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Fan, Jie y Pingxing Li. "The scientific foundation of Major Function Oriented Zoning in China". Journal of Geographical Sciences 19, n.º 5 (octubre de 2009): 515–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11442-009-0515-0.
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Lin, Guo. "Foundation and Frontier – Centenary Path of Dental Anthropology in China". Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), n.º 4 (21 de noviembre de 2022): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2022.4.083-099.
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Dental anthropology has been developed for 100 years in China. In this paper, the author reviews the articles on dental anthropology related to Chinese materials in the past one hundred years and briefly introduces the issues involved such as human evolution, and the interaction of different populations in historical periods. Results and discussion. The work of foreign scholars has been the foundation of Chinese paleoanthropology and dental anthropology since the discovery of the Hetao human teeth and the Zhoukoudian site. Since then, dental anthropology in China has gone through a phase of material accumulation, a phase of introducing the American ASUDAS in the 1990s, and a phase of prosperity in the last 30 years. The numerous discoveries and the application of new techniques have brought Chinese dental anthropology to an international level. Until now, there are more than 70 human fossil sites in China, over 60 of which contain human dental remains. Less material has been found from the early Pleistocene, and there is some controversy on whether they belong to the genus Homo. While early Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus teeth show primitiveness and some special features, the late Middle Pleistocene human teeth show greater variability, and mosaic features, and there is some controversy on whether some fossils belong to early Homo sapiens or other taxa. The Late Pleistocene human dentition is related to the question of how and when early modern human appeared in China and the evolution of early modern humans. However, due to the incompleteness of the material, the question of human origins is a matter of multidisciplinary and comprehensive interpretation. About 10 sites were studied from Neolithic to modern human dentition using the American ASUDAS. These results show the consistency of non-metric traits in teeth and skulls, display differences between northern and southern Chinese populations, and reveal the exchange between northwestern Chinese and western populations. Some of these results have been confirmed by paleogenomics. Conclusion. Anthropologists began to pay more attention to the morphology of modern human teeth. In the future, the application of new methods and the collection of modern human materials will help us better understand the evolution of ancient humans, population interaction.
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Hu, Hua-Chen. "Secondary extinction and diffraction behaviors in cylindrical crystalsProject supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China and Science Foundation of Nuclear Industry of China." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 59, n.º 4 (26 de junio de 2003): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767303008444.
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Jin, Hua, Kaibo Yang, Haiyan Zhang, Zhiping Fan, Fen Huang, Yanyan Chai, Li Xuan, Yanqiu Chen y Qifa Liu. "Expansion of Peripheral Extra-Follicular Helper T Cells in Patients with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 4583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113211.
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Abstract Introduction: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). In contrast to acute GVHD, cGVHD is an autoimmune-like syndrome. The clinical manifestations of cGVHD are highly variable, including skin pathology varying from lichen planus-like lesions to full sclerosis, oral lichen planus-like lesions, muscle or joint fasciitis, and bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) (Bruce Blazar et. al. Blood 2016). Recently, extrafollicular CD4+ T- and B- cell interactions are gaining more and more attentions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It has been reported that mice with cGVHD had an expansion of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells (Ruishu D et. al. Nature communications 2017). It is still unclear whether extrafollicular CD4+ T helper cells play an important role in the development of human cGVHD or not. Methods: A total of 70 patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT at Nanfang Hospital between June 2015 and June 2017 were enrolled in this experimental study. The diagnosis and grade of cGVHD was made at the time of sample collection according to National Institutes of Health criteria (Howard M.S. et. al. BBMT 2015). Comparison of three means was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Comparison of two means was analyzed using an unpaired two-tailed Student t-test. Correlation studies were performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: We found that the frequency and count of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) markedly decreased in patients with active cGVHD compared with patients without cGVHD (median, 3.16% vs 1.19% of CD4+ T cells; P <0.0001 and median,11.26 x10^6 vs 1.77 x10^6; P <0.0001). These decreases are more significant in patients with moderate/severe cGVHD. We further found that the frequency of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells in patients with active cGVHD significantly increased (median, 3.93% vs 8.69% of CD4+ T cells; P <0.001). There was also an increased trend in the count of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells of patients with active cGVHD, although patients with active cGVHD have lymphopenia (median, 6.91 x10^6 vs 13.20 x10^6; P =0.19). Multivariable linear regression analysis confirmed that active cGVHD was a significant factor for high percentage of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells after adjusting for other transplant characteristics (P <0.001). Moreover, expansion of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells correlated with the clinical grade of cGVHD (P <0 .005), and the difference lasted until 1 year after allo-HCT. The expansion of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells was highly correlated with the generation of IgG1 antibodies (P <0 .05). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that expansion of extrafollicular CD4+ T cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human cGVHD. Targeting extrafollicular CD4+ T-B-cell interactions may be an effective strategy in patients with cGVHD. Disclosures Yang: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding. Zhang:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding. Fan:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding. Huang:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding. Chai:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding. Xuan:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding. Chen:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600141, No. 81770190) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030310390): Research Funding.