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D'Ayala, Dina y Gianmario Benzoni. "Historic and Traditional Structures during the 2010 Chile Earthquake: Observations, Codes, and Conservation Strategies". Earthquake Spectra 28, n.º 1_suppl1 (junio de 2012): 425–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000030.
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The Maule, Chile, earthquake of February 2010 affected the Central Valley stretching from north of Santiago to the Rio Bío-Bío in the south. The architectural heritage suffered considerable losses, with some buildings seriously damaged or partially collapsed even in Santiago and Valparaíso, areas less affected by the earthquake. Exposing the vulnerability of Chilean architectural heritage, this event has renewed the debate about the national attitude towards architectural preservation and conservation engineering. From the survey conducted by the authors, it emerged that many retrofit and repair techniques implemented following prior earthquakes in Chile resulted in ineffective performance in the February 2010 earthquake. Safety and preservation requirements that are regulated in countries with similar historic heritage are presented as viable alternatives to past approaches and are compared with the Chilean pre-code for earthen buildings, currently under development, which appears to embrace modern preservation philosophies. Suitable remedial strategies conclude the paper.
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Smith, Malcolm G. "Protection of Northern Chile as an ICOMOS/IAU “Window to the Universe”". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (agosto de 2012): 745–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314013283.
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AbstractOver the last two decades, La Serena's population has increased by about 70 percent. A site description of the AURA Observatory in Chile as a “Window to the Universe“ is now available on the recently-launched UNESCO-IAU Astronomical Heritage Web Portal, www.astronomicalheritage.net This can serve as an example of possible material for the Chilean authorities, should they wish to propose the dark skies over much of northern Chile for protection as a World Scientific Heritage site. Some of the steps involved are discussed briefly here.
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Prieto, Andrés J., Konstantin Verichev y Ana Silva. "An Approach Concerning Climate Change and Timber Building Resilience: Araucanía Region, South Chile". Buildings 11, n.º 10 (2 de octubre de 2021): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100452.
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This study analysed climate change effects concerning the resilience of timber buildings located in southern Chile, specifically in two cities: Collipulli and Temuco (Araucanía Region). A digital fuzzy logic method was used in a set of timber buildings declared as heritage conservation buildings by Chilean Government standards. The outcomes revealed that climate change impacts did not substantially alter the functional performance of the set of heritage timber buildings examined. This study’s results can assist in developing upcoming strategies or recommendations that can support adaptation policies for administering architectural heritage regarding climate change forecasts. These data will invaluably help stakeholders who support the conservation of timber structures located in the southern environment of Chile and under the changing climatic hazard.
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Saelzer-Canouet, Gerardo, David Campusano-Brown y Pablo Gómez-Alvial. "Historic timber buildings restored for public purposes in Southern Chile. A critical analysis and an approach to a cultural landscape". Arquitecturas del Sur 40, n.º 62 (31 de julio de 2022): 94–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2022.40.062.06.
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The objective of this paper is to update and summarize the arguments behind the Integrated Heritage Rehabilitation (IHR) for Wooden Cities methodology. Building in the Coastal Temperate Rainforest ecoregion relied on native species, and is still characteristic of the towns in southern Chile, including the city of Valdivia. However, the historic town’s urban fabric is vulnerable to natural disasters and neoliberal market practices. Regulations and instruments for architectural restoration hinder IHR since their primary focus lies in social sciences, excluding the fundamental architectonic technical aspects, as well as a broader understanding of the context. Through an analysis of a set of historic buildings restored with public funds, the relationship between social sciences, engineering, architecture, and the theories of public use and landscape is patent. It is evident that there is a need to establish effective practices to extend the service life of buildings through cultural heritage management. Eight key points were identified, that connect history with the material conditions, which today are lacking in the Chilean Public Service. For the restoration processes to be integrated, evaluations must include new dimensions, such as the economic relationship and the material or tangible management, as well as the integration with the surrounding original architectural identity and the ease with which it can be culturally associated. From the harmonization of these eight points within the heritage regulatory framework, an improvement of the integrated rehabilitation of heritage buildings in the southern Chilean towns is expected, with priority given to timber conservation and public contribution.
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Clark, J. Renée. "Chilean street artists and instagrammable heritage activism: Movement intellectuals of O-18". European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, n.º 113 (30 de junio de 2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10895.
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Serrano, Elisa Gil y Hugo Mondragón López. "Civic and Social Infrastructure Conservation through Modern Architecture intervention. Embassy of Chile in Argentina 1966-2009". Brasilis, n.º 43 (2010): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.a.w81a0p91.
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Modern heritage is not protected in Chile. Most of Chilean modern architectural heritage stands without an official decree protecting it from being modified or even demolished. This is a consequence of having state-controlled organisms in charge of the protection and defense of architectural heritage that use almost exclusively the building’s age as main criteria for its appraisement. From this point of view it seems difficult that constructions that are only between 40 and 90 years old may catch the attention of heritage preservation government officials. However negative the situation which, in the majority of cases has led to the systematic violation of constructions that constitute valuable records of the status of disciplinary and cultural discussion of Modern Architecture, the following case, paradoxically, couldn’t have crystallized the way it did, if the building had been officially protected, and neither could the docomomo–Chile group could have played a protagonic role in its management
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Bocci, Martina y Beatriz Yuste. "Recovering the heritage and building traditions of the village of Tacora, Chile". Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, n.º 1 (20 de noviembre de 2020): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.343.
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Tacora is a village in the Chilean highlands with an extraordinary natural and cultural landscape. During the last years, its population has migrated massively to the city of Arica. In 2018, the community and the Fundación Altiplano organized a training program for the restoration of the façades of its buildings. The program employed and qualified community members in traditional building trades related to construction with earth, stone and wood. This training program opens up a horizon of new opportunities for sustainable development related to the extraordinary cultural heritage of Tacora.
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AGUAYO, T., E. CLAVIJO, A. VILLAGRÁN, F. ESPINOSA, F. E. SAGÜÉS y M. CAMPOS-VALLETTE. "RAMAN VIBRATIONAL STUDY OF PIGMENTS WITH PATRIMONIAL INTEREST FOR THE CHILEAN CULTURAL HERITAGE". Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 55, n.º 3 (2010): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072010000300016.
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Maturana, Beatriz, Anthony McInneny y Marcelo Bravo. "Urban Transformations in the Culture of Santiago's Barrios". Open House International 44, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2019-b0004.
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Within Santiago, Chile's capital city, Barrio is a fundamental urban concept: an identity of place that defines a social space more than the territorial boundary of a designated area. Nearly 30 years of sustained, economic growth have positioned Chile, and Santiago with 40% of the country's population, as a tourist, financial and investment centre for South America. After a general decline of the inner-city area during the time of dictatorship (1973-1990), three inner-city residential barrios are being re-defined by their social and urban heritage as part of the “coolest” city of South America. These residential barrios possess the social characteristics of an urban unit within the concept of an ethical city—autonomy, conviviality, connectivity and diversity—and, in form and use, the basis of urban cultural tourism, a living heritage of residential architecture, public space and urban culture. The spatial and economic transformation of these barrios shifts the existing dynamic between the residents' social capital and the barrios' symbolic capital to the question of whose rights and interest should prevail. Through a literature review, policy review and an analysis of morphology and land use of three barrios, this article draws lessons to assist a re-thinking of the development of this urban, social-spatial unit of Chilean cities.
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Moraga, Maribel González y Karina Muñoz Vilugrón. "SIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING EXPERIENCES IN CHILEAN DEAF EDUCATION". Momento - Diálogos em Educação 31, n.º 02 (28 de julio de 2022): 374–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/momento.v31i02.14501.
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In Chile, there is not yet an official Chilean Sign Language (LSCh) curriculum. LSCh was considered just as a means of communication for many years (Law 20.422, 2010). Recently, thanks to the modification of the law, LSCh is now recognized as a natural, native language and intangible heritage of Chilean deaf people (Law 21.303, 2021). The law also states that deaf children's right to be educated and get access to the national curriculum in ChSL as their first language must be respected. Despite the absence of an official LSCh curriculum, educational experiences do exist in both special and mainstream schools with deaf students, in which LSCh has been incorporated as a means of teaching the national curriculum. This article presents an analysis of the current implementation of educational plans and programs for deaf students in which LSCh has been integrated. With this aim in mind, experiences and opinions of members from different educational contexts and communities were collected, and representatives of organizations that elaborate educational policies were consulted.
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Whitman, Christopher J. "Heritage Earth Construction and Hygrothermal Comfort: The Challenge of Rebuilding in Central Chile". Key Engineering Materials 600 (marzo de 2014): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.186.
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According to the latest official census of 2002, earth construction represented 5.5% of the Chilean building stock. These buildings of traditional construction techniques of unfired earth and straw blocks (adobe), rammed earth (tapial) or wattle and daub (quincha) form a large proportion of Chile’s National Monuments and heritage buildings. In addition to their heritage value, these buildings with their high thermal mass, respond well to the climate conditions of both the altiplano of northern Chile and the Central Valley, zones with high diurnal temperature oscillations, with typical daily temperature differences of up to 20°C. However following the 2005 earthquake in Tarapacá, northern Chile and that of the 27th February 2010 in Central Chile a serious rethink has been required as to the retention and restoration of adobe buildings. Public opinion has labelled earth construction as unsafe and most reconstruction to date has taken place with prefabricated timber solutions which lack the necessary thermal mass to respond well to the climatic conditions. At the same time research into the structural integrity, seismic resistance, maintenance and the living conditions provided by earth construction has been undertaken. In this wider context this paper presents the compilation of international and Chilean research into the hygrothermal properties of adobe construction, in addition to the authors insitu measurements of the temperature and relative humidity in two surviving adobe dwellings in the earthquake hit village of Chépica located in Chile´s Central valley. These measurements are compared with those of a dwelling rebuilt with straw bales and earth render in the same location. Based on this information the paper studies the challenge of rebuilding and restoring heritage buildings whilst providing occupants with the necessary levels of environmental comfort.
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Bourlon, Fabien, Trace Gale, Andrés Adiego, Valentina Álvarez-Barra y Alexandra Salazar. "Grounding Sustainable Tourism in Science—A Geographic Approach". Sustainability 13, n.º 13 (3 de julio de 2021): 7455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137455.
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This paper presents empirical research that supports territorial approaches to tourism product development that ground tourism in science, as a mechanism to support sustainable tourism heritage conservation goals. Scientific Tourism (ST), in this context, builds on the scientific heritage of a geography, matching researchers with local actors and tourists, through a five-stage iterative process that leads to new scientific knowledge, advancing theory and building relevance for communities through socio-cultural and economic development. This article focuses on the initial stage of the ST product development process, documenting empirical research conducted within the geographies surrounding the Palena River watershed in the Aysén Region of Chilean Patagonia. Both geo-structured literature review methods and results are presented and discussed to illustrate how the outcomes, including a series of maps, can inform and ground actors’ processes of heritage resource identification, justification, conservation, and exhibition, through the development of pilot ST initiatives within the territory. Similar research approaches may prove valuable for other low-density and peripheral geographies that share an interest in grounding tourism on the science taking place within their geography.
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Jerković, Matija, Juan C. Skewe, Frédéric Duhart, Fernando Mujica y Pablo Lacoste. "Viñas patrimoniales y vinos naturales de Chile: el legado mestizo gótico-mapuche". Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, n.º 42 (2022): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/rev.austral.cienc.soc.2022.n42-19.
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Panajew, Paweł y Andrzej Gałaś. "Stratovolcanoes on the Chilean-Bolivian border as geoatraction". Geotourism/Geoturystyka, n.º 3-4(62-63) (19 de enero de 2023): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geotour.2020.3-4(62-63).47.
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The cluster of stratovolcanoes located on the Chilean-Bolivian border, in the Western Cordillera, is composed of typical, for that part of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes, volcanic landforms. The highest volcano is the Nevado Sajama (6,542 m a.s.l.), apparently extinct. The other: Parinacota (6,336 m a.s.l.), Pomerape (6,222 m a.s.l.), Acotango (6,052 m a.s.l.) and Cerro Quisiquisini (5,542 m a.s.l.) were all active in both the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Recently, only the Guallatiri Volcano (6,071 m a.s.l.) is still active. The summits of these mountains are covered with permanent snow or ice caps. On the slopes, there are post-glacial valleys, rocks glaciers and debris avalanches. In the vicinity of volcanic cones, active fumaroles occur, along with hot springs, geysers and high-mountain peat bogs (bofedales), in addition to one of the highest in the world mountain lakes – the Lago Chungará (4,520 m a.s.l.). The unique landform is a huge debris avalanche and was formed during the eruption of the Parinacota Volcano. Small villages settled by Aymara Indians and their cultural monuments complete the extraordinary landscape of the Altiplano Plateau. The values of biotic nature are also unique and deserving of protection on both sides of the state border. Moreover, these sites have been registered into the UNESCO World Heritage List. Modest accommodation facilities located off the main roads satisfy the qualified tourists interested in volcanology. The authors describe the grueling trekking trails, the climbing routes leading to the summits of volcanoes and the other geoattractions, accessible for ordinary hikers.
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Pareti, S., L. Rudolph, D. Flores y V. Valdebenito. "Ancestral and vernacular architecture as contemporary heritage, tourist and cultural resource. The case of the “palafitos” and the route of the 16 UNESCO heritage churches of Chiloé, Chile". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012051.
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Abstract The present study aims to explore how spaces designed with ancestral and vernacular architecture can become a heritage, tourist and cultural resource. The analysis of the stilt houses and the route of the 16 UNESCO heritage churches of Chiloé, Chile has been selected as a case study, since: (1) it is an ancestral and vernacular architecture unique in the world, (2) they are part of the cultural and patrimonial tourist offer of the Chilean Patagonia, (3) has a balance of patrimonial and intangible material conservation that has managed to keep the gentrification and identity of the territory under control, (4) its 16 churches have been declared patrimonial by UNESCO. The methodology is developed through the analysis of a complete palafito from the constructive and architectural point of view, together with a church part of the patrimonial route. Followed by an analysis of press headlines and interviews, based on established parameters that allow understanding the link between architecture, transformation into a cultural and tourist resource together, and gentrification. It is concluded that the vernacular architecture of stilt houses and churches in Chiloé configures a valuable contemporary heritage resource that must be preserved and asserted in balance with the tourist dimension that it attracts thanks to its uniqueness.
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Gonzalez Fulle, Maria Beatriz. "Imágenes sobre Chile: dos miradas para construir la memoria". eari. educación artística. revista de investigación, n.º 10 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.10.13895.
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Resumen: Este artículo presenta un material pedagógico que, a través del cine, permite desarrollar contenidos incluidos en los programas de estudio del curriculum escolar chileno. Se trata de la obra de los cineastas Raúl Ruiz y Patricio Guzmán que, desde miradas muy diversas nos permiten acercarnos a un mismo país, antes y después de la dictadura militar. Estos materiales integran la colección editorial Educación Artística realizada por el Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio, de Chile.
Palabras clave: Educación artística, cine, formación ciudadana, memoria, didáctica.
Abstract: This paper presents a pedagogic material that trough cinema allows to develop contents included in the study programs of the chilean scholar schedule. It’s about the work of the filmmakers Raúl Ruiz and Patricio Guzmán. Both of them, from very different point of view, allows us to get close to the same country, after and before the militar dictatorship. This pedagogic materials integrate the editorial collection of Artistic Education made by the Ministry of Cultures, Arts and Heritage of Chile.
Keywords: Artistic Education, cinema, citizen formation, memoir, didactic.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.10.13895
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Baeriswyl, María Victoria Correa. "Restorations in Chile in the Mid-Twentieth Century: The National Monuments Council and Some of the First Architectural Heritage Interventions". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 022002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022002.
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Abstract This paper presents the initial results of an ongoing historical research project that addresses some of the first architectural restoration interventions led by the Chilean State through the National Monuments Council, the institution responsible for management of the country’s cultural heritage. The National Monuments Council was created in 1925 by Decree-Law No. 651, the first long-standing legal provision to cover this aspect of cultural heritage. It remained in place for several decades before being superseded in 1970 by the current National Monuments Law (No. 17,288). The State’s first steps in regard to architectural restoration were made possible by this legislation, and by the mid-twentieth century, the National Monuments Council was working systematically to register, analyse and take action to restore the country’s architectural heritage. In 1949, a Conservation Commission was formed as part of the Council, and this body played a key role in the promotion of restoration projects at the time. The National Monuments Council worked in partnership with the General Directorate of Public Works, and efforts on the part of the two public institutions resulted in the creation of an annual budget for architectural restoration. By the 1950s, numerous buildings and sites considered relevant to the national identity were being restored, and efforts were made to emphasise their cultural significance and value. These early interventions were some of the first of their type to be funded by the State and were fundamental to the local architectural historical context. Work focused primarily on religious and military colonial buildings, including churches, chapels and fortresses located the length of Chile. Archival material from the time, such as National Monuments Council session minutes and institutional bulletins drafted under Decree-Law No. 651, provide a record of these early interventions. Analysis of these sources from a technical and theoretical perspective provides insights into the motivations and selection criteria used to establish an order of priority for the restoration of buildings and sites. This paper presents the main actions taken at a time when architectural restoration was first being promoted by the Chilean State and explores how these provided the foundations upon which future development of the local discipline would occur.
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Ferrada-Aguilar, Mario. "Estallido social en Chile y procesos de patrimonialización: un paradigma de resignificación de las memorias". Arquitecturas del Sur 38, n.º 59 (30 de enero de 2021): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.03.
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In recent years, both globally and locally, a profound change in the paradigm has been seen with respect to what has been traditionally accepted as a manifestation of heritage. In part, this conceptual and methodological transformation is due to the emergence of patrimonialization processes, driven by social conflicts that go against the institutionalized discourses of heritage. This results in resignifications of the stories and memories in the territory, the city and the architecture, associated with new categories of heritage that need to be addressed. This work is about this new paradigm, taking as a case the so-called ‘social uprising, which has affected Chile since October 18th, 2019. Beyond being perceived as a destructive phenomenon, which initially targets aspects of a socio-political nature, the presence of the conflict in Chilean society points to a sharp criticism of the heritage representation system. In its spatio-temporal trajectory, new socio-spatial practices arise that satisfy the memory expectations of the communities regarding a transforming reality. The article aims to contribute to the field of architecture and the built environment, insofar as it allows reflecting on the transformation of meanings and values of heritage that emerges in the daily reality of our cities. Using a descriptive methodology, based on recent media documents, some emblematic situations of the problem are addressed, manifested in the consolidated urban areas of La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago, Concepción, Temuco, and Punta Arenas. In them, the patrimonialization operations make visible the contrasts between the discourses of the State and those produced by social organizations, the resignification of elements of traditional heritage and the emergence of the city as a space for negotiation of memories. From all this, the renewal of the values and attributes, traditionally assigned to monuments, is inferred, whether in their objectual, architectural or urban condition, as well as the potentiality of heritage, as a channel for dialogue, coexistence, and cohesion in the ongoing debate about conflicting stories and memories.
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PLISCOFF, PATRICIO y TARYN FUENTES-CASTILLO. "Representativeness of terrestrial ecosystems in Chile's protected area system". Environmental Conservation 38, n.º 3 (9 de mayo de 2011): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000208.
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SUMMARYBecause protected areas are a major means of conservation, the extent to which ecosystems are represented under different protection regimes needs to be ascertained. A gap analysis approach was used to assess the representativeness of Chile's terrestrial ecosystems in differing kinds of protected areas. Terrestrial ecosystems were described in terms of potential vegetation, employing three protection scenarios. Scenario 1 was based exclusively on the Chilean National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE). Scenario 2 included all types of public protected areas, namely SNASPE, nature sanctuaries and Ministry of National Heritage lands. Scenario 3 included all items in Scenario 2, but also included private protected areas and biodiversity priority sites. There is insufficient protection of terrestrial ecosystems under the Scenario 2. In addition to the low level of ecosystem protection provided by state protected areas (only 42 of the 127 terrestrial ecosystems had >10% of their area protected), 23 terrestrial ecosystems were identified as having no protection at the national level. Gaps in protection were concentrated in the North (both coastal and inland desertic scrub), Central (thorny scrub, thorny forests, sclerophyllous forests and deciduous coastal forests) and Austral (steppe ecosystems) regions of Chile. These gaps include ecosystems that are of global conservation importance.
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Aguilera Mora, Mauricio Kevin. "Aldo Francia and Italian neorealism: A Latin American filmmaker and a creative affiliation". Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 10, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2022): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00130_1.
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This article first analyses how and why Italian neorealism was a catalyst for the emergence of other national cinemas in Latin America. It also delves into the case of the creation of a new cinematographic culture in Chile, where the filmmaker Aldo Francia served as one of its main promoters and for whom neorealist cinema was a preponderantly important reference. Subsequently, the article examines the complex relationship that Francia established with neorealism in his work. In this sense, one of his films, Valparaíso, mi amor (Valparaiso My Love) (1969) is analysed and put into dialogue with other neorealist films, to determine the intertextual relationships that the film establishes with neorealist cinema, and thus, to delimit what is the neorealist heritage in the film, and, to understand how he radicalized and appropriated a foreign aesthetic to create his own aesthetic proposal based on Chilean context.
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Aceituno Silva, David y Damaris Natalia Collao Donoso. "Estética de lo popular en el cine de Joris Ivens y Aldo Francia. Resignificar la memoria y patrimonio de Valparaíso". Cartaphilus. Revista de investigación y crítica estética 17 (11 de enero de 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cartaphilus.362221.
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El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la mirada estética de dos grandes cineastas de los años ‘60 y ’70, cuyo trabajo rupturista marcó una época de controversia en Chile. Joris Ivens, pionero de cine realidad, y Aldo Francia, padre del nuevo cine chileno, a través de su obras “A Valparaíso” y “Valparaíso mi amor”, respectivamente, muestran una ciudad poco conocida y valorada por su configuración popular. A través de un análisis histórico del lenguaje fílmico buscamos comprender los lentes de estos cineastas para así reflexionar sobre un patrimonio material e inmaterial de la ciudad de Valparaíso que se crea y recrea entre sus calles, cerros, escaleras y pobreza, más allá de lo conocido y valorado históricamente. La mirada a lo popular, a la gente de a pie, a quienes con esfuerzo y lucha lograron sortear la geografía del puerto, permite cuestionar los patrones y escalas estéticas conocidos. Analizaremos en estas líneas la puesta en valor de la verdadera riqueza patrimonial de Valparaíso -ciudad declarada el año 2003 Patrimonio Mundial de la humanidad-, la que a través de la experiencia fílmica de estos artistas se dejará conocer para consolidar la memoria de una ciudad que se desconoce a si misma. This article aims to analyse the aesthetic gaze of two great filmmakers of the years ' 60 and ' 70, whose groundbreaking work marked a time of controversy in Chile. Joris Ivens, pioneer of cinema reality, and Aldo Francia, father of the new Chilean cinema, through his works "to Valparaiso" and "Valparaiso mi Amor", respectively, show a city little known and valued by its popular configuration. Through a historical analysis of the film language we seek to understand the lenses of these filmmakers in order to reflect on a material and immaterial heritage of the city of Valparaiso that is created and recreates between its streets, hills, stairs and poverty, beyond Historically known and valued. The view to the popular, to the people of walking, who with effort and struggle managed to circumvent the geography of the port, allows to question the patterns and aesthetic scales known. We will analyze in these lines the value of the true patrimonial richness of Valparaiso-City declared the year 2003 World Heritage of Humanity, which through the film experience of these artists is left to know to consolidate the memory of A city that doesn't know itself.
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Valdivia Ávila, Soledad y Fernando Vela Cossío. "Valdivia inexpugnable: Roberto Montandon y el desarrollo de la conciencia patrimonial en Chile = Valdivia, an impregnable fortress : Roberto Montandon and the development of heritage awareness in Chile". Cuaderno de Notas, n.º 22 (29 de julio de 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2021.4744.
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ResumenLas recientes celebraciones del año 2020 para conmemorar el segundo centenario del proceso de independencia de Chile, nos invitan a estudiar lo sucedido en 1970 cuando, con motivo del sesquicentenario de la emancipación del antiguo territorio de la América española, tuvo lugar un importante debate en torno a la reconstrucción del fuerte de Niebla (Valdivia) tras el terremoto de 1960. Siendo patente el interés histórico de las antiguas fortificaciones españolas en la provincia de Valdivia, se ponía ahora el foco en el análisis de los métodos y criterios empleados para su conservación. Se encargó para ello un estudio al asesor de gobierno Roberto Montandon (1909-2003), obteniéndose un interesante programa de restauración. Tras analizar las intervenciones efectuadas en las fortificaciones entre 1945 y 1983 se pueden identificar tres períodos de obras donde los criterios adoptados parecen inmutables en el tiempo y la metodología utilizada pone de manifiesto tanto lo avanzado de la posición de Montandon como la acción efectiva para la conservación del patrimonio nacional por el Estado chileno.AbstractThe recent celebrations of the year 2020 to commemorate the second centenary of the independence process of Chile, invite us to study what happened in 1970 when, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the emancipation of the former territory of Spanish America, an important debate took place around to the reconstruction of the Niebla fort (Valdivia) after the 1960 earthquake. The historical interest of the old Spanish fortifications in the province of Valdivia being clear, the focus was now on the analysis of the methods and criteria used for their conservation. For this, a study was commissioned to the government advisor Roberto Montandon (1909-2003), obtaining an interesting restoration program. After analyzing the interventions carried out in the fortifications between 1945 and 1983, three periods of works can be identified where the criteria adopted seem immutable in time and the methodology used reveals both the advanced position of Montandon and the effective action for conservation of the national patrimony by the Chilean State.
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Swithinbank, Charles. "Airborne tourism in the Antarctic". Polar Record 29, n.º 169 (abril de 1993): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740002355x.
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ABSTRACTThere are two classes of airborne tourism in Antarctica: overflights without landing, and fl ights including landing. The earliest overflight was in 1956, but there were no regular flights until 1977, when Qantas and Air New Zealand began overflights with wide-bodied aircraft. A crash on Mount Erebus in 1979 that killed 257 people drew attention to the absence of effective planning, air traffic control, and rescue services. Landings began in the South Shetland Islands in 1982, when C-130 aircraft of Fuerza Aerea de Chile brought passengers from Punta Arenas. Since 1983, tourists have been accommodated in a Chilean government hostel. Flights to the interior began in 1984 when climbers were taken to the Sentinel Range by ski-equipped aircraft. Unmodified transport aircraft have been used since 1987, making wheel landings on naturally occurring bare ice in the Heritage Range. Tourists were taken from this site to the South Pole in 1988 by smaller, ski-equipped aircraft. Owing to the lack of conventional airfields in Antarctica, the future of intercontinental operations may depend on the development of additional airfields on bare ice. There are many possible sites. Most are near the periphery of the continent but some are in high latitudes, one only 300 km from the South Pole. A few of these will allow direct flights of unmodified passenger aircraft from South America, South Africa, Australia, or New Zealand. The possibility of 300 day-trippers stepping onto the ice from a Boeing 747 raises a variety of safety and environmental concerns. The challenge to the Antarctic Treaty System will be to reconcile the interests of governments, scientists, airlines, tour operators, tourists, and environmentalists.
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Popova, N. M. "Author’s individual style from lingocultural conceptology view: lexical-semantic ASPECT (on Isabel Allende’s novels)". PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, n.º 36 (2019): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2019.36.15.
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The article is devoted to the study of author’s individual style from the point of view of linguocultural conceptology, which combines linguocultural and cognitive approaches in order to study the features of the author's way of verbalizing socially important concepts. The material of the works of the famous Chilean writer Isabel Allende has been alkalized to illustrate lexical and semantic features of her individual style, reflecting the social and historical realities through the author's worldview. The methods of linguocultural science and cognitive conceptual linguistics have been combined in the research, helping to realize the correspondence of objective and subjective worldview in the individual author's style. The article deals with the differences between the linguistics terms "linguistic personality", "individual style" and "idiolect" and scientific approaches to their study. It is determined that the peculiarities of I. Allende's novels are the use of a considerable number of lexical units for the designation of geographical, biological and everyday realities, reflecting the specifics of the people’s life. The description of spiritual,philosophical and religious concepts through the use of expressively and value-colored vocabulary reflects deeply the peculiarities of the people's worldview. In the course of the semantic-cognitive analysis of the lexical units inherent in the writer’s works, it has been found out that the individual author’s world view does not in any way harm the reproduction of the common national and cultural people’s heritage, since the author is a carrier of a common conceptual sphere, formed in his consciousness due to the society where he/she lives. The verbalization of socially significant concepts in the writer’s novels is determined by her moral, ethical and value attitudes inherent in most members of the society.
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Chiara Bianchini, Maria. "When memory becomes heritage: Experiences from Santiago, Chile". Culture & History Digital Journal 3, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2014): e023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2014.023.
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Tomé, José Manuel Salum. "Mapudungun, Interculturality and Inclusiveness in the Chilean Educational System". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, n.º 12 (12 de enero de 2023): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.912.13732.
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Mapudungun is one of the heritages that defines the identity of the Mapuche people. Their survival over time is mainly due to the re-ethnification processes that have occurred in the last decade. However, it is necessary to follow the strategies briefly developed in this work, in order to maintain its validity and revitalization in the Chilean sociocultural context. A maintenance program for this indigenous language must have the proper state support to become a healthy and self-sufficient language. All this will allow the continuation of the way of life of its users, as well as the faithful reflection of their culture within the multicultural world.
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Salum Tomé, PhD, José Manuel. "Mapudungun, Interculturality and Inclusiveness in the Chilean Educational System". Education, Language and Sociology Research 4, n.º 1 (7 de febrero de 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n1p1.
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Mapudungun is one of the heritages that defines the identity of the Mapuche people. Their survival over time is mainly due to the re-ethnification processes that have occurred in the last decade. However, it is necessary to follow the strategies briefly developed in this work, in order to maintain its validity and revitalization in the Chilean sociocultural context. A maintenance program for this indigenous language must have the proper state support to become a healthy and self-sufficient language. All this will allow the continuation of the way of life of its users, as well as the faithful reflection of their culture within the multicultural world.
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Bustos-Peñafiel, Mónica. "Formación y Transformación del Pericentro de Santiago: Patrimonio social y espacial invisible de la Capital Chilena". AUS, n.º 27 (2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/aus.2020.n27-03.
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Vila-Vilariño, Paloma y J. Marcelo Bravo. "Tipológica y devenir del patrimonio industrial en molinos hidráulicos en el centro y sur de Chile". AUS, n.º 28 (2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/aus.2020.n28-10.
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Saelzer, Gerardo, Augustine Yaw Asuah, Jilan Hosni y Antonio Ruiz-Tagle. "Desafíos de planificación urbana en la definición de valores patrimoniales en el sur de Chile. Un estudio de caso de Valdivia: Una ciudad de madera en el sur de Chile". Revista Urbano 22, n.º 40 (29 de noviembre de 2019): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2019.22.40.05.
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Solís-Castillo, Basilio. "Impact of language, culture and heritage on the way we learn and communicate Astronomy". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (diciembre de 2019): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000521.
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AbstractThe language we speak, the culture in which we grew up and where we come from have a tremendous impact on the way we learn astronomy. Additionally, the historical predominance of Western culture has influenced the way our modern society sees the world, and of course, the sky. In this work, we will share author’s experience working as science advisor in an outreach institution, where he explored different strategies to reach diverse communities and bring astronomy closer to broader audiences.Even though the construction of world-renowned astronomical observatories in Chile has boosted the interest in astronomy on the community, many challenges have not yet been addressed. One of them is to raise awareness about the ancestral heritage of Chilean’s first nations. Finally, we would like to highlight the importance of learning astronomy in our own language and therefore assure inclusion, diversity, and equity in our countries.
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Gonzalez, Sergio. "Cultural heritage and citizen defense: the Central railway Station of Santiago de Chile." Revista de Antropologia Visual 3, n.º 30 (28 de octubre de 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47725/rav.030.10.
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From an expanded notion of cultural heritage based on social and citizen dimensions that contribute new scopes to the complexity of this area, the patrimonial defense experience recorded in the 1990s is analyzed, in which it was intended to denaturalize the railway stations of the Central Station by changing its use and functions by commercial activities. This implied a citizen reaction to stop the projects that involved the loss of the last railway terminal in the city. In the text, characteristics and conditions are systematized that can explain the successful results of this citizen mobilization in defense of a milestone in the railway culture of the city and the country.
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Díaz Valdés, Solange. "Qhapaq Ñan, Sistema Vial Andino: el desafío de su conservación en Chile en el marco de su nominación a la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial". Intervención Revista Internacional de Conservación Restauración y Museología 1, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2010): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30763/intervencion.2013.8.96.
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Díaz Fuentes, Daniela Andrea. "Un método simplificado para evaluar el riesgo sísmico y priorizar la atención de los bienes culturales inmuebles: el caso de Chile". Intervención Revista Internacional de Conservación Restauración y Museología 1, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2010): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30763/intervencion.2017.15.173.
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Miklasevics, Edvins, Mikko Kupila, Dagnija Kalniete, Inese Eglite, Dace Berzina, Monta Ustinova, Gunta Purkalne y Zanda Daneberga. "Chromosomal Aberration in Colorectal Cancer Family". Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 15, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2015): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chilat-2016-0002.
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Summary Introduction. Lynch syndrome, previously more commonly known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, is a hereditary cancer syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Usually it is caused by mutations the MMR genes. In 20 - 25% of cases patients are not found to have mutations in any of these genes. Chromosomal aberrations as a cause of the Lynch syndrome were examined in this study. Aim of the study. To identify chromosomal aberrations which may lead to colorectal cancer. Material and methods. Twelve patients, corresponding to either Amsterdam I/II criteria or Bethesda guidelines, which have been tested negative for mutations in Lynch genes have been karyotyped were karyotyped with SNP array chips, in order to determine if they had potentially heritable chromosomal aberrations which could be responsible for increased risk of malignancy. Results. One patient with a 14.7Mbp duplication framed by small deletions was chosen to be the most likely patient to suffer from an inherited carcinogenic chromosomal aberration. The preceding deletion was found to contain the coding region of BRE, encoding a component of the BRCA1-A complex; we believe that this deletion is the most carcinogenic component of the aberration and likely responsible for Lynch syndrome in this case. The larger duplication furthermore contained the coding regions for 83 genes, some of which have been shown to promote malignant disease when overexpressed. Conclusion. Because of the clinically grossly tolerable nature of the aberration it is possible that it was vertically transmitted and contributed to the onset of colorectal cancer in the patient and his mother and maternal aunt.
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Marrero Alberto, Antonio. "Arte de Retorno. La retroalimentación artística entre América Latina y las Islas Canarias, y su papel en la conformación del patrimonio colonial chileno (siglos xvii-xviii)". Revista de Historia Canaria, n.º 204 (2022): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.histcan.2022.204.03.
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The objective of this article is to propose a new concept, the Art of Return, which gives a name to the process of artistic feedback between Latin America and the Canary Islands in the colonial period. The transfer of influences in an Atlantic and commercial context between Europe and America allows the formulation of the aforementioned concept, which adapts to this round trip, and whose protagonists are the viceroyalties and the Canary Islands. In the same way, we intend to observe the extent to which this intellectual trade influenced the conformation of the colonial heritage in Chile.
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Mora, Freddy, Cristóbal M. Concha y Carlos R. Figueroa. "Bayesian Inference of Genetic Parameters for Survival, Flowering, Fruit Set, and Ripening in a Germplasm Collection of Chilean Strawberry Using Threshold Models". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, n.º 3 (mayo de 2016): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.3.285.
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Fragaria chiloensis has a fruit with an excellent organoleptic quality and it is one of the parents of the commercially cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), which supports the importance of characterization available germplasm to support further breeding. A genetic evaluation using a Bayesian analysis of genetic parameters for survival, flowering, fruit set, and ripening was carried out in 8 domesticated and 55 wild clones, covering most of the natural geographic range of this species in Chile. The Bayesian approach was performed using the Gibbs sampling algorithm. Threshold models were fitted to phenotypic data, as these traits were treated as binary variables. Plant survival rates in seasons 2013 and 2014 ranged from 0% to 85%. According to the Bayesian analysis, the studied traits were found to be weak to moderately heritable ranging from broad-sense heritability () = 14% (survival) to = 40% (fruit set). Survival and fruit set had the lowest (17.9%) and highest (34.9%) clonal genetic gain, which concurs with the lowest and highest values of , respectively. The results of this preliminary study confirms the potential for selective breeding of F. chiloensis, given that five clones, including domesticated and wild, were simultaneously selected for all traits studied.
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Uribe Rodríguez, Mauricio y Francisca Urrutia Lorenzini. "Museum, Pukara and Chullpas of Nama (Tarapacá, northern Chile): Political dialogues on Archaeology and Heritage between Andean people and social reseachers". Memorias, n.º 40 (13 de abril de 2020): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.40.069.41.
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Campos, Marcelo M. Vallette y Tomás Alvarado Aguayo. "Vibrational spectroscopy for the study of Chilean cultural heritage". Heritage Science 3, n.º 1 (3 de junio de 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-015-0047-0.
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Corral, Rodrigo, Basilio Carrasco, Cesar Ramirez, Lorena Marchant, Alvaro Peña, Jose Ignacio Covarrubias, Lee A. Meisel, Igor Pacheco, Elsa R. Bascuñan-Ortiz y Herman Silva. "Genetic diversity, polyphenolic composition and fruit quality trait phenotypic analyses of a Chilean heritage blood-flesh peach (Prunus persica L.)". International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 49, n.º 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2405.
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This study reports the genetic diversity among Chilean heritage blood-flesh peaches and the characterization of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in these fruits. A genetic diversity analysis using 7,934 SNP markers was performed. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.09) was very low in the 75 Chilean blood-flesh peach trees, whereas 14 commercial peach varieties had significantly higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho=0.32). Furthermore, the blood-flesh peach lines were genetically similar, and all of these lines were genetically different from the commercial varieties. A comparative analysis was carried out between the epicarp and mesocarp of the peach fruits. Fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest (weight, size, firmness and soluble solids), and concentrations of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, as were macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu). These analyses showed that blood-flesh peaches have high concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) when compared to commercial varieties with white or yellow mesocarps. A comparison was performed among Chinese, French and Chilean varieties, with similar values found for the antioxidant compounds. No significant differences in the microand macroelement contents were detected in these blood-flesh fruits compared to commercial varieties.
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa, Gastón y Yerko Moreno-Simunovic. "Terroir and typicity of Carignan from Maule Valley (Chile): the resurgence of a minority variety". OENO One 53, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.1.2348.
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Carignan is one of those minor cultivars that have had a major resurgence in the Chilean wine industry, and its production is sold at a price well above the national average. This variety, together with other autochthonous grapevine varieties, makes up a unique heritage in Chilean winemaking, which has given a new identity to the country on the world wine scene. Chilean viticulture is based on the production of the most recognized grapevine varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc. However, this has caused a massive loss of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in certain wine growing regions. Thus, this review summarizes the effects of terroir of the Maule Valley on the typicity of Carignan. Carignan grapevines growing in the sites closer to the Pacific Ocean, such as Truquilemu and Ciénaga de Name, present a high concentration of several amino acids and volatile compounds in grapes and wines, while Carignan grapevines growing in the sites further east, towards the Andes Mountains, provide grapes and wines with a high alcohol and phenolic concentration. Therefore, Maule Valley provides unique edaphoclimatic conditions that allow differences in the composition and style of the Carignan wines.
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Cordero, Sebastián, Manuel López-Aliste, Francisca Gálvez y Francisco Fontúrbel. "Herbarium collection of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Chile". Biodiversity Data Journal 10 (29 de septiembre de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.10.e90591.
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This database gathers 10,721 specimens, belonging to 2,578 species from the Chilean vascular flora (angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes) deposited in the Herbarium of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV) in Chile. The PUCV botanical collection was started by the renowned botanist Otto Zöllner and represents a major natural historical legacy for central Chile, with decades of information represented through preserved specimens. This collection is currently deposited in the Curauma campus of the PUCV. This digitisation effort is part of the PUCV's endeavour to mobilise its biological collections and make them freely available through GBIF, encouraging national and international researchers to generate new knowledge, based on this invaluable heritage, which is a silent witness of the vast plant diversity that once existed in Chile and that is now vanishing due to anthropogenic drivers. The database provides occurrence records from 10,721 specimens of vascular flora held in the PUCV Herbarium, representing 2,578 species, 914 genera and 177 families. Each record includes data on taxonomy, geographic distribution, elevation and collection information (e.g. date of collection, legitimavit and determinavit of specimens, general observations). The database serves as a repository containing records from past decades on the diversity and distribution of plant species, mainly from the Chilean Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.
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Haboucha, Rebecca y Daniella Jofré. "Safeguarding Indigenous Heritage in the Chilean Atacama Desert: Negotiating Identity Claims and Community Perceptions of Long-term Climate Change". Heritage & Society, 16 de agosto de 2022, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2159032x.2022.2110375.
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Valenzuela Blossin, Maria Paz. "LA ARQUITECTURA TRADICIONAL CHILENA: DE SU DESCUBRIMIENTO POR LA ACADEMIA A SU PUESTA EN VALOR TURÍSTICO-CULTURAL. ESTUDIOS DE CASOS". REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE TURISMO, EMPRESA Y TERRITORIO 3, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/riturem.v3i1.10987.
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ResumenLa valorización del patrimonio arquitectónico en Chile se sustenta desde sus inicios en la investigación académica. En este ámbito tuvieron un papel relevante los llamados arquitectos historiadores, profesionales que centraron sus estudios y su quehacer en la puesta en valor de las expresiones tradicionales y docta de la arquitectura en Chile, desde la particular mirada de la disciplina arquitectónica. Esta vocación dio visibilidad a expresiones vernáculas muy propias de diversas regiones del país, las que reflejan la particular condición geográfica del medio en que se desarrollan, legando una protección y reconocimiento nacional que ha seguido avanzando en el tiempo. Muchos de estos casos hoy son reconocidos y valorados por las comunidades locales y sus propietarios proyectándose en interesantes ejemplos de actividad productiva, esta vez desde el ámbito del turismo. En consecuencia, este artículo busca presentar como una expresión arquitectónica descubierta y puesta en valor desde la Academia -la arquitectura tradicional, concluyéndose que puede persistir y sustentarse basándose en la adaptación a nuevos usos, esta vez turísticos, que permiten su subsistencia desde la gestión empresarial.Palabras clave:Arquitectura tradicional chilena, uso turístico del patrimonio, Chiloé, Estancias Magallánicas, Casas Patronales del Valle Central. AbstractThe valorization of the architectural heritage in Chile, is sustained from its beginnings in academic research, in this area a relevant role has been the so-called architects historians, professionals who have focused their studies and their work in the enhancement of traditional expressions and learned architecture in Chile, from the particular view of the architectural discipline. This vocation gave visibility to vernacular expressions very typical of different regions of the country, which reflect the particular geographical condition of the environment in which they are developed, bequeathing a national protection and recognition that has continued to advance over time, many of these cases are now recognized and valued by the communities and their owners projecting themselves in interesting examples of productive activity, this time from tourism. Consequently, this article seeks to present an architectural expression discovered and valued from academia, traditional architecture, whose persistence and sustainability is based on adapting to new uses, this time tourism, which allow their subsistence based on business management.Key words:Traditional Chilean Architecture, tourism and heritage, Chiloé, Magellanic stations, Central Valley Patron Houses.
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Giannakou, Aretousa y Ioanna Sitaridou. "(In)felicitous use of subjects in Greek and Spanish in monolingual and contact settings". Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 7, n.º 1 (3 de febrero de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5812.
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This paper focuses on subject distribution in Greek and Chilean Spanish, both null subject languages, as evidenced in the oral production of monolingual and bilingual speakers. Narratives elicited from 40 monolinguals and 76 bilinguals of different types, namely, first- generation immigrants, heritage speakers, and L2 speakers, were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively to explore potential differences in expressing subject reference between the groups in monolingual and contact settings. The qualitative analysis of contexts of topic continuity and topic shift showed no overextension of the scope of the overt subject pronoun expected to be found in the bilingual performance according to the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace 2011; 2012) and previous research. The findings also show that the redundancy of lexical subjects observed in topic continuity contexts mostly involved felicitous (pragmatically appropriate) constructions. Moreover, while null subjects in topic shift were found to be mostly felicitous in both monolinguals and bilinguals, cases of ambiguity were observed in the bilingual performance in this discourse context.
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Marchant, Lorena, Javiera Campos, Javiera Luco, Cesar Ramirez, Freddy Barrientos, Basilio Carrasco y Herman Silva. "Potential of traditional Chilean blood-fleshed peach to support livelihood opportunities in local agriculture". Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (3 de noviembre de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.820811.
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The blood-flesh peach or vineyard peach is an older heritage cultivar with juicy red-flesh and tart-sweet flavor. They are popular in France, where more than 200 years ago wine growers used to plant them on the vineyards as biological markers to detect the presence of powdery mildew. It is present in countries such as China, Italy, New Zealand, Australia and USA however, it remains a very rare variety worldwide. In Chile, the blood-flesh peach has a centenary presence in rural orchards where is called “Durazno Betarraga.” Reproduced by seeds, it has pass through generations of family farmers and has been adapted to local environmental conditions. This red-flesh peach is a local variety considered part of their traditional diets, however, cultural changes in food consumption, short postharvest life and water scarcity due to climate change are threatening its conservation. One of the objectives of the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, as defined by the FAO, is to integrate small holders and family farmers into value chains for sustainable production and consumption of fruits and vegetables recognizing the contributions of farmer's landraces to their food security, nutrition, livelihoods and income. To promote this objective, we present the work we have been carry out for several years with a farming community. We have conducted ethnographic research to provide a qualitative description of the agricultural value of the blood peach in a limited territory of the Maule Region defined as the study area. For the quantitative section of our research we analyzed the antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and total polyphenol content and compared them with those of other fruits. To gather information on the presence of the blood-fleshed peach in other regions of Chile, we used a citizen science approach through social networks. We propose that this local variety is an innovative raw material to develop healthy fruit-based food, thus encouraging its conservation and consumption with a positive social and economic impact for the community and the local food system.
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Becker-Zayas, Ava. "Finding Max’s wolves: Literacy socialization in the margins". Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 13 de mayo de 2022, 146879842210983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687984221098351.
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For decades, language and literacy scholars working within a sociocultural framework have laboured to bring attention to the strengths of marginalized students in an effort to create more inclusive and equitable learning environments (e.g., Cummins, 2000 ; Dyson, 1997 ; González et al., 2005 ; Heath, 1983 ). While this work has moved the field forward in invaluable ways, it has not consistently engaged with processes of marginalization as a complex practice, which has produced gaps in our understanding of how we can best address it in research and practice to the benefit of all learners. Drawing on the notions of literacy socialization ( Sterponi, 2012 ) and syncretic literacy ( Duranti and Ochs, 1996 ; Gregory et al., 2013a ), in this paper I conduct a close examination of the in- and out-of-school literacy socialization practices of Max Calfu, a seven-year-old Chilean-Canadian boy, over the course of a year-long ethnography that I conducted with his family at their home, at his Spanish-English bilingual public school, and in transit between home and school in a large Western Canadian city. At school, Max’s Indigenous identity was regularly rendered invisible by the cultural capital his Chilean-national heritage held within the Spanish bilingual program ( Calderón and Urrieta, 2019 ). Using thematic analysis ( Saldaña, 2013 ), I demonstrate how Max incorporated the wolf figure into his literacy practices over the course of the research year, considering multiple scales of space and time, and in relation to key mediators. My analysis calls attention to the ways in which he drew on his syncretic literacy experiences to author his Indigenous identity in official and unofficial learning spaces. I conclude the paper by arguing that examining syncretism in children’s literacy practices can lay the foundation for a more ethically, emotionally, and culturally engaged language education.
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Bonino, Lic Italo. "¿ES EL PERÚ UN PAÍS VIABLE AL DESARROLLO? / IS PERU A VIABLE COUNTRY FOR DEVELOPMENT?" LOGOS 2, n.º 1 (27 de junio de 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/log.v2i1.349.
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RESUMEN El título de éste análisis, nace a propósito de la publicación “La otra Bolivia, país de los llanos” del geógrafo chileno Alejandro Pérez Wellman (diario “La Razón”, Lima, 02-05- 07), quien habla de un “desembalse social” que podría ocurrir en naciones andinas como Perú, calificadas de “inviables” al desarrollo, tras “bolivianazos” o “ecuatorianazos”, convocados por masas indígenas que derribaron jefes deEstado. Sin interés en los argumentos “racistas” del citado autor, sino solo en la idea de “viabilidad al desarrollo”; nos proponemos hacer una analogía entre la progresión del crecimiento: poblacional (geométrico) y productivo (aritmético), que dieron base a la teoría del control de la natalidad (Malthus, Th.: 1803) y la progresión tecnológica del desarrollo (geométrico en los países avanzados y aritmético en los países más atrasados). No sin razón, se podría sostener que el Perú es una nación “inviable al desarrollo”, porque nunca podrá alcanzar el crecimiento geométrico de los países desarrollados, vale decir, recursos económicos, suficientemente altos para atender las necesidades básicas y servicios de calidad, basados en una balanza comercial favorable; ni contar con industria pesada, básica y ligera, capaces de brindar una vida digna a la mayoría de sus ciudadanos. Por otro lado, se deben tomar en consideración los argumentos realistas (para otros “pesimistas”) del libro “Perú: República de las Frustraciones” del Dr. Virgilio Roel P. en el que desgarradamente narra las numerosas oportunidades perdidas, para salir de nuestro atraso a lo largo de nuestra historia. Y de ser cierta la tesis sobre el desarrollo mencionado en el párrafo anterior; el Perú, para tener una industria pesada, básica y ligera, importantes, tendría que ilusoriamente, esperar una hecatombe mundial, donde los países más ricos desaparezcan y los países pobres emerjan y se enriquezcan. Finalmente, vale la pena revisar la importancia de nuestro patrimonio en diversidad ecológica, acuática y sub-acuática, cultural, histórica y arqueológica, como alternativas al desarrollo nacional, sobre la base de las preguntas ¿cómo aprovechar nuestros recursos?; ¿tenemos aún oportunidades de desarrollarnos?,¿por dónde comenzar? ABSTRACT The title of this analysis, borns from “La otra Bolivia, país de los llanos” publication by Alejandro Perez Wellman, a Chilean geographer, who talks about a “social release” that may happen in Andean countries like Perú, qualified as developmentally “unviable” after “bolivianazos” or “ecuatorianazos”, summoned by Indian masses who toppled heads of state... Not interested in the “racist” arguments of the quoted author, but only on the“viable development” idea , we intend to make an analogy between: the growth progress: demographic (geometric) and productive (arithmetic), that gave basis to the birth control theory (Malthus, Th.: 1803), and the technological development progression (geometric in the most advanced countries and arithmetic in the most backward countries). Not without reason, it could be held that Peru is a “developmentally unviable” country, because it could never reach the geometric growth of the developed countries, Should be said ,economic resources ,high enough to attend the basic needs and quality services, based on a favorable trade balance, not counting with the heavy basic and light industry, capable of providing decent life to most citizens. On the other hand, it should be taken in consideration the realistic arguments (for other “pessimists”) of the “Peru: Republic of the frustrations” book by Dr. Virgilio Roel P. which harrowingly tells numerous missed opportunities to get out of our backlog throughout our history. And if the thesis is true about the mentioned development in the previous paragraph; Peru, to have an important, heavy , basic and light industry, would have to expect a global catastrophe, where the richest countries would disappear and poor countries emerge as riches. Finally, it is worth reviewing the importance of our heritage in ecological diversity, aquatic and sub-aquatic, cultural, historical and archaeological, as alternatives to the national development based on the question: how to approach our resources?; Do we still have opportunities to develop?, where to begin ?
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Morales-Pison, Sebastian, Patricio Gonzalez-Hormazabal, Julio C. Tapia, Alexis Salas-Burgos, Sandra Ampuero, Fernando Gómez, Enrique Waugh, José Miguel Reyes y Lilian Jara. "Heritable genomic diversity in breast cancer driver genes and associations with risk in a Chilean population". Biological Research 55, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-022-00384-4.
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Abstract Background Driver mutations are the genetic components responsible for tumor initiation and progression. These variants, which may be inherited, influence cancer risk and therefore underlie many familial cancers. The present study examines the potential association between SNPs in driver genes SF3B1 (rs4685), TBX3 (rs12366395, rs8853, and rs1061651) and MAP3K1 (rs72758040) and BC in BRCA1/2-negative Chilean families. Methods The SNPs were genotyped in 486 BC cases and 1258 controls by TaqMan Assay. Results Our data do not support an association between rs4685:C > T, rs8853:T > C, or rs1061651:T > C and BC risk. However, the rs12366395-G allele (A/G + G/G) was associated with risk in families with a strong history of BC (OR = 1.2 [95% CI 1.0–1.6] p = 0.02 and OR = 1.5 [95% CI 1.0–2.2] p = 0.02, respectively). Moreover, rs72758040-C was associated with increased risk in cases with a moderate-to-strong family history of BC (OR = 1.3 [95% CI 1.0–1.7] p = 0.02 and OR = 1.3 [95% CI 1.0–1.8] p = 0.03 respectively). Finally, risk was significantly higher in homozygous C/C cases from families with a moderate-to-strong BC history (OR = 1.8 [95% CI 1.0–3.1] p = 0.03 and OR = 1.9 [95% CI 1.1–3.4] p = 0.01, respectively). We also evaluated the combined impact of rs12366395-G and rs72758040-C. Familial BC risk increased in a dose-dependent manner with risk allele count, reflecting an additive effect (p-trend = 0.0002). Conclusions Our study suggests that germline variants in driver genes TBX3 (rs12366395) and MAP3K1 (rs72758040) may influence BC risk in BRCA1/2-negative Chilean families. Moreover, the presence of rs12366395-G and rs72758040-C could increase BC risk in a Chilean population.
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Von Holle, Ann, Anne Justice, Kari E. North, Bárbara Angel, Estela Blanco, Sheila Gahagan, Misa Graff y José Santos. "Abstract P113: Lipid-related Genetic Variants and Lipid Outcomes in a Cohort of Chilean Children". Circulation 135, suppl_1 (7 de marzo de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p113.
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Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Lipid traits are highly heritable and there are currently >185 established loci influencing lipid levels in adults. Recent studies have confirmed that variants associated with lipids influence lipid levels across the lifecourse, and in ancestrally diverse populations. Given that Hispanic/Latinos (HL) shoulder much of the cardiometabolic burden in the United States, it is important to identify genetic variants that contribute the greatest risk for elevated lipid levels across life stages. Thus, our primary aim is to examine the association of known lipid variants with lipid traits identified in large study of adult participants from a Chilean infancy cohort of primarily European-descent. The sample assessed from 2008 to 2013 (n=546) had genotyping and well-measured lipid phenotypes (median age: 16.8 years, interquartile range: 16.6, 16.9). We assessed single variant associations using linear regression for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), assuming an additive genetic model, adjusted for sex. Additionally, we regressed phenotypes onto weighted trait-specific polygenic risk scores (PRS). Only six variants from the Chilean sample met the a priori threshold of power > 0.8. We found statistically significant effect sizes (mmol/l (se)) for four of the six variants: rs3764261 (0.16 (0.04)) and rs1532085 (0.05 (0.04)) for HDL and rs1260326 (0.34 (0.15)) and rs964184 (0.33 (0.15)) for TG. For each significant variant, direction of effect matched the multiethnic adult GWAS from which SNPs were selected. We compared our findings to a previous study in Finnish children at age 18 years (n=1,216) and found an opposite direction of effect for our significant HDL variants. Likewise, when comparing coefficients for the PRS between the Chilean and Finnish youth sample we found the association to be stronger in the Chilean sample for every trait and gender group with the exception of LDL for males. The lipid loci explained the least amount of total variance for LDL (males=4% and females=5%) and the most amount of variance for HDL (males=20% and females=14%). In conclusion, there is evidence that lipid loci from a HL sample of adolescents contain similar associations as those from European children and adults. Despite the small sample size and possibility for bias with different ancestral groups we found meaningful and statistically significant associations relating lipid loci in a HL cohort of Chilean adolescents with those found in European ancestral groups. These associations emphasize the importance of adolescence as a time for disease prevention given studies demonstrating both the persistence of associations between PRS and lipids over the life course and the increasing role PRS plays in predicting disease.