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1
Korn, Lisa. "A literature review on school child sexual abuse prevention". Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004kornl.pdf.
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Hoft, Mary y Lisa Haddad. "Screening Children for Abuse and Neglect: A Review of the Literature". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8514.
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Child abuse and neglect occur in epidemic numbers in the United States and around the world, resulting in major physical and mental health consequences for abused children in the present and future. A vast amount of information is available on the signs and symptoms and short- and long-term consequences of abuse. A limited number of instruments have been empirically developed to screen for child abuse, with most focused on physical abuse in the context of the emergency department, which have been found to be minimally effective and lacking rigor. This literature review focuses on physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and neglect, occurring in one or multiple forms (polyabuse). A systematic, in-depth analysis of the literature was conducted. This literature review provides information for identifying children who have been abused and neglected but exposes the need for a comprehensive screening instrument or protocol that will capture all forms of child abuse and neglect. Screening needs to be succinct, user-friendly, and amenable for use with children at every point of care in the healthcare system.
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Anthony, Charlotte Center. "Child abuse and juvenile delinquency: A review of the literature". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1180.
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There seems to be common agreement among practitioners and researchers in Criminal Justice that youth who are abused often become participants in the juvenile justice system. The current literature finds considerable evidence to support this position. However, some questions concerning the relationship between child abuse and juvenile delinquency remain. Specifically, how direct, or casual, is the link between the two? Are different groups of youth, such as Hispanic famales uniquely affected?
4
Bell, Richette. "Content alaysis of selected literature relevant to child abuse and self-esteem". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1997. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/114.
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Statement of the Purpose: Selected pertinent literature was examined to see the effects that child abuse had on the self-esteem and psychological development of children. Methodology: A content analysis technique of research was used. Findings: The major finding was that child abuse had negative effects on a child’s self—esteem and psychological development. Some effects were long—termed.
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Lively, Beth. "Mediated depictions of child physical abuse : a narrative analysis". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864925.
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In recent years, the media have publicized the social problem of physical child abuse. This study examined three artifacts of physical abuse: the children's book Robin's Story, the popular song "Luka," and the television documentary Scared Silent: Exposing and Ending Child Abuse. Chapter One described each artifact and provided a literature review which detailed the writings about physical child abuse and artifacts discussing this topic. The chapter then posed research questions about how the artifacts viewed abused children and their abusers, the causes of abuse, and the solutions proposed for ending physical abuse.Chapter One finally discussed the narrative framework of rhetorical analysis used to examine the three artifacts. The narrative method used in this analysis employed three steps: 1) An examination of narrative structure, which discussed the plot of the story, the crucial points of the story and the events which supplemented those points, and the steps of breach, crisis, redress, and reintegration in the narrative; 2) An examination of narrative rationality, which talked about the completeness and true to life quality of the story and evaluated the reasons the rhetors gave for following the course of action endorsed by the story; and 3) An examination of narrative standards, including truth standard or how the narrative compares with what the audience believes is true; aesthetic standard or the grammar, setting, and characterization within the story, and ethical standard or the values expressed within the narrative. Chapter Two applied this framework to the children's book Robin's Story. Chapter Three viewed the popular song "Luka" through the narrative framework. Chapter Four discussed the documentary Scared Silent in terms of narrative analysis.Chapter Five then discussed the conclusions of the analysis for each artifact, artifacts discussing physical abuse, and for rhetoric. Some of the conclusions reached were that artifacts discussing physical child abuse should attempt to make their stories universal, that such artifacts need to distinguish between abuse and physical punishment, and that artifacts dealing with this problem must provide concrete courses of action to end physical abuse. This analysis concluded that, while narrative analysis provided the answers to the research questions, this framework needs to be made into a concrete method of rhetorical analysis to ensure that narratives are effectively evaluated. Narrative analysis was positive in this analysis, however, in that it supported the definitions of rhetoric as value, epistemology, motive, drama, meaning, and argument. This analysis found that, to end the problem of physical child abuse, rhetors must work with experts in this field and tailor artifacts from different perspectives to various audiences using different forms of media.Department of Speech Communication
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Clarke, Loretta. "The complexities of working with adult clients who have histories of severe childhood trauma a systematic literature review with clinical illustrations : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, 2004". Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/ClarkeL.pdf.
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Jordan, Jerrica. "Society's Biological Entrapment: Maternity, Eugenics, and Violence in 1920's American Literature and Film". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1364.
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This dissertation examines how American writers in the 1920s demonstrated the eugenic influence on motherhood through fictional representations of violent resistance. My project charts the ways in which fictional, dramatic, and cinematic texts displayed negative visualizations of maternity as a response to the early twentieth-century preoccupation with eugenics. In this project, I argue that these methods of opposition took place through actions of child abuse, maternal neglect, and infanticide. Part of this dissertation identifies eugenically motivated cultural discourse, including various forms of the media, that used both overt and subliminal messages to encourage pronatalism among the white upper and middle classes while promoting sterilization and the use of birth control for minority populations. By addressing this rhetoric, I draw attention to the pervading dialogue that influenced and shaped the texts used in the dissertation. In addition, to analyze depictions of positive and negative eugenics is to reveal a social policy powerful enough to go beyond issues of class and race and drastically impact American mothers as a united group; instead of being labeled as a problem of race, color, or class, I argue instead that these American modernist writers interpreted eugenic rhetoric as a problem of gender, common to any woman who found herself with child. While many studies exist on eugenics and literature, as well as on motherhood and literature, the combination of the two topics is one that has previously gone unanalyzed. Therefore, addressing the problems raised by this subject also highlights how both male and female writers were compelled to construct situations of subversive mothering. By situating my project in the 1920-1930 time frame, I limit my commentary to how writers approached eugenics during its most popular and influential time period in the United States. My chapters argue that these constructs of subversive motherhood appear through cinematic portrayals of dysgenic children and the negative effects on their maternal figures (The Phantom of the Opera and The Black Stork), unhappiness in the role of mother and outward expressions of anger toward the offspring in question (Edith Summers Kelley's Weeds), decisive participation in the act of abortion and infanticide (Nella Larsen's Quicksand), and daughters who refuse to participate in the act of mothering because of their negative upbringings (Edith Wharton's The Children). By incorporating the genres of fiction, drama, and cinema alongside historical and cultural documents, I inform my audience of the threatening and harmful realities of childbearing during this time period, and will show that the connection between eugenics and motherhood reflects a desire of American writers to reveal the grim repercussions of eugenic practice.
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Nesteruk, Peter. "Referentiality and transgression : representations of incest and child sexual abuse in American literature of the twentieth century". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11276/.
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This thesis will consider the incest theme in twentieth century American literature. Antecedents will be considered, especially the rich traditions of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but the main focus will be on three writers central to the American canon: F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Vladimir Nabokov. All three of these writers have produced texts in which their claim to literary fame and their appropriation of the incest theme are inextricable: namely, Fitzgerald's Tender is the Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, Absalom, Absalom! and Go Down, Moses, and Nabokov's Lolita. I will conclude with a chapter which examines how this debt to literary tradition, this canonical pride of place of the incest theme, has been transformed in its trajectory through the latter half of the twentieth century. In the thesis, I will examine the utilisation of these 'variations on a theme' as a form of rhetoric manifesting itself in a wide variety of uses and readings. Pertinent aspects would include: symbolic appropriations with pretensions to universality; transgressive modulations manipulating reader affectivity; referential modes attempting the delineation of a particular - or their collective combination. All of these uses of the incest theme will be seen to participate in the propagation of various codes of normative behaviour, ethics, critiques, or political polemics. The incest theme will be tracked both as a form of didacticism and as a form of literary pleasure. The representation of incest will be observed in its combination with other important literary themes: courtly love, childhood, and their inversions. It will be linked to an aesthetics of transgression and to the representation of child sexual abuse. Its combination with the latter will also provide the grounds for a comparison of child sexual abuse, 'actually existing incest', and the many other uses of the incest theme. The contexts of these uses will also be considered. If I were to attempt to reduce this thesis to a simple proposition, I would suggest that the importance of the incest theme has been due to its rhetorical versatility, its role as a signifier of the limit (of the family, of society, of civilisation, of the representable), and of its ready utilisation for literary shock, the vicarious enjoyment of the second-hand, or, in what amounts to the same thing, literary pleasure. These factors delineate the importance of the incest theme to literature in general, and to American literature in particular. The literary utilisation of the incest theme suggests that the most efficient way to say anything effective is still to make use of that which hides behind the barrier of the unsayable. After giving a summary of the chapters of the thesis, the rest of the introduction will introduce the issues that form the background to an informed evaluation of the place of the incest theme in modern American literature. This background features three inter-related areas; the controversies around the incest taboo, the emergence of child sexual abuse, and the concept and representation of childhood. I will suggest that the issue of child sexual abuse is key to any referential,analogical, or comparative approach to the reading of the incest theme in literature (most especially in those examples which include an adult/child or adult/infant age differential). I shall begin with some definitions of incest, and its relation (and non-relation) with child sexual abuse. 'Incest’ can, of course, mean very different things in literature, in philosophical speculation, in the social sciences, or in the discourses of welfare or feminism. This difference of discourse, a difference of 'register' or genre', suggests that 'translations' between discourses need to be observed carefully. A comment on the American context will be relevant to the discussion of recent American literature. These issues are inextricable from the representations and conceptualisation of childhood that our period has inherited from the past, particularly the traditions and writing of the previous two centuries. I will attempt a brief summary of the concept of childhood, including its transformations up to the seventeenth century, its rationalisation in the legal and medical discourses of the eighteenth century, and its recent evolution. A comment will then follow on the influence of this inheritance upon the emergence of a recognisable child theme in nineteenth century literature (the origin and role of social and literary clichés). As recent theories of incest, sexuality, power, and representation play an inseparable part in any understanding of these issues, I shall complete the introduction with a 'rough' model of the workings of incest and its relationship with representation based upon these recent developments.
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Rose, Lisa Marie. "Prevention Programs against Child Sexual Abuse for Preschool-aged Children : A Systematic Literature Review from 1980-2020". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48245.
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Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a severe crime committed worldwide, which impairs the development of children and juveniles severely. Due to a high number of victims in early childhood, one prevention strategy, which is dedicated to the prevention education of children, is considered to be applied already in the preschool setting. The purpose of this literature review was to depict prevention programs against CSA for preschool-aged children regarding the curricula, and outcomes. A systematic database search was conducted in six databases ensuing in 15 articles. After applying a qualitative assessment, 13 studies were implied for analyzing. Programs included in this paper presented a variety of different learning contents, delivery forms, and teaching methods. The aims of the studies pointed to similar purposes, such as increasing children’s CSA knowledge and self- protection skills. However, the outcomes of the studies differed. The increase of knowledge that was demonstrated in each study mostly pertained at posttest. Outcomes of protection skills were diverse but mainly describing an enhancement. The CSA phenomenon is complex to address, especially regarding preschoolers, and measurement can only capture data that is quantifiable. Besides the limitations of this systematic literature research, practical implications and future research were addressed.
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Pashak, Darlene. "Exploring the relationship between adolescent sex abusers and attachment : a literature review". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78188.
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This study examined the relationship between attachment and adolescent sex abusers through a literature review. Due to the dearth of literature on this subject, separate literature reviews were conducted on attachment theory and on predisposing factors to adolescent sex abusing. The results indicated that a causal relationship between attachment and the development of adolescent sex abusers is unlikely; however, insecure attachment styles were found to be one of many factors related to adolescent sex abusing. Theories related to emotional stress, the developmental stage of adolescence, intergenerational transmission and sibling incest were generated within the theoretical context of attachment. A typology was constructed that suggests how different attachment styles may be associated with various types of adolescent sex abusers. Implications for primary prevention, treatment interventions and research were discussed.
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Cohn, Mallory R. "Suffering, self-creation and survival : victimized children in the novels of Charles Dickens /". South Hadley, Mass. : [s.n.], 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2008/274.pdf.
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Murnion, Stephen. "The Limits of Existential Therapy in the Fiction of Nakamura Fuminori". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19674.
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Written within an existentialist mode, Nakamura Fuminori’s early fictional works lend themselves to be read as therapeutic technologies reaching out to Japanese youth whose lives are marked by anxiety, isolation, and precariousness. Because English-language scholarship on Nakamura is lacking, this thesis analyzes two of his novels – Child of Dirt and Evil and the Mask – in order to introduce how Nakamura understands the human, how his texts function formally as therapeutic technologies, and how, in the final analysis, they exhibit a nascent sexism that borders on misogyny.
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Chaker, Dana. "Speaking the unspeakable : a comparative approach to representations of child sexual abuse in English- and German-speaking literature of the twentieth century". Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499841.
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Nabutanyi, Edgar Fred. "Representations of troubled childhoods in selected post-1990 African fiction in English". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79874.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study explores representations of troubled childhoods in post-1990 African narratives. Defining troubled childhoods as the experiences of children exposed to different forms of violations including physical, psychological, sexual and emotional abuse, the study reflects on depictions of such experiences in a selection of contemporary African fictional texts in English. The study‘s central thesis is that, while particular authors‘ deployment of affective writing techniques offers implicit analysis of troubled childhoods, the knowledge about this reality that such literary texts produce and place in the public sphere resonates with readers because of the narrative textures that both make knowledge concerning such childhoods accessible and create a sense of the urgent plight of such children. They render troubled childhoods grieveable. The study delineates three attributes of the selected texts that explain why such fictions can be considered significant from both social and aesthetic perspectives: namely, their foregrounding of intertwined vectors of violation and/or vulnerability; their skilful use of multi-layered narrative voices and their creation of specific posttraumatic damage and survival tropes. The four main thesis chapters are organised thematically rather than conceptually or theoretically, because representations of troubled childhoods are contextually and experientially entangled. Using Maria Pia Lara‘s notion of ―illocutionary force‖ and specific aspects of trauma and affect theory, the study focuses centrally on how the units of narration construct persuasive and convincing depictions of troubled childhoods while using fiction to convene platforms for reflection on the phenomena of child victims of war violence, abusive parenting, sexual predation and sexual violation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ondersoek voorstellings van gekwelde kinder-ervaringswêrelde in post-1990 narratiewe deur skrywers van Afrika. Gekwelde kinder-ervaringswêrelde word gedefinieer as die ondervindinge van kinders wat blootgestel is aan verskillende vorms van skending, insluitend fisiese, psigologiese, seksuele en emosionele skending. Met hierdie definisie in gedagte reflekteer die studie op gelselekteerde uitbeeldings van sulke ervarings in hedendaagse Afrika-fiksie in Engels. Die studie se sentrale tesis is dat, terwyl sekere outeurs se ontplooiïng van affektiewe skryftegnieke implisiete analise van gekwelde kinder-ervaringswêrelde bied, resoneer die kennis oor hierdie realiteit wat sulke literêre tekste oplewer en in die publieke sfeer plaas met die leespubliek omdat die struktuur van die narratiewe die verskynsel van kwellende kinder-ervarings onthul en bewustheid van die dringende aard van die verskynsel bemoontlik. Sulke kinderlewens word op hierdie manier treurbaar [grievable] gemaak. Die studie delinieer drie eienskappe van die gekose tekste wat verduidelik waarom hierdie tekste vanuit beide sosiale en estetiese perspektiewe as beduidend beskou kan word, naamlik die verstrengelde vektors van verkragting en kwesbaarheid wat hulle op die voorgrond bring, hul bekwame gebruik van veellagige narratiewe stemme en hul skepping van spesifieke posttraumatiese skade- en oorlewingstrope. Die vier middelste tesis-hoofstukke is tematies in plaas van konsepsueel of teoreties georganiseer, omdat voorstellings van gekwelde kinder-ervaringswêrelde kontekstueel- en ervaringsverstrik is. Met die gebruik van Maria Pia Lara se begrip van illocutionary force en spesifieke aspekte van trauma- en inwerkingsteorie fokus die studie hoofsaaklik op hoe die narratiewe eenhede oorhalende en oortuigende afbeeldings van gekwelde kinder-ervaringswêrelde konstrueer terwyl hulle fiksie gebruik om platforms vir refleksie op die fenomeen van kinderslagoffers van oorlogsgeweld, misbruikende ouerskap en seksuele- predasie en verkragting byeen te bring.
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Harlick, Stephanie. "Cruelty towards children in Theban traditional tales". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0013/MQ42391.pdf.
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Vranckx, Sylvie. ""Colonization is such a personal process" : colonialism, internalized abuse, and healing in Lee Maracle's Daughters Are Forever". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/932.
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In Canada, almost everybody is familiar with stereotypes about ‘Native social dysfunction’. Canada’s present-day “Imaginary Indian” (Francis) is indeed associated with substance and welfare dependence as well as family violence and neglect. However, the mainstream tends not to wonder about the actual social suffering behind the image and about the causes of these supposed patterns. In Daughters Are Forever, the Sto:lo / Squamish writer and activist Lee Maracle deconstructs these racist clichés by emphasizing the impact of the colonial process on real-life Native populations. Through a Sto:lo social worker’s attempts to understand how colonial policies have affected Aboriginal motherhood, Maracle demonstrates the roots of Indigenous social ills in collective traumas inflicted over several centuries and transmitted intergenerationally. The conclusion of the protagonist, Marilyn, that “[c]olonization is such a personal process” (216) summarizes the ways in which collective trauma and cultural genocide largely condition individual traumas and grief. Her parallel journeys to help an Anishnaabe woman patient, prevent the abductions of Native Canadian children by mainstream welfare services, and mend her own toxic relationship with her daughters further demonstrate the interrelatedness of Indian policy, patriarchal institutions, and personal and familial spiritual illnesses. They also enable Maracle to show the dangerous ethnocentrism of mainstream psychology and the need to create cross-cultural methodologies and therapies appropriate to the diverse Native North American cultures. By depicting the “unresolved human dilemmas” (Preface 11) of Aboriginal characters, she strives to create social change by drawing her readers into her stories to shock them into awareness.
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Kimberley, Maree Ann. "Girl in the Shadows and resilience and coping strategies in contemporary young adult fiction". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29384/1/Maree_Kimberley_Thesis.pdf.
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The novel manuscript Girl in the Shadows tells the story of two teenage girls whose friendship, safety and sanity are pushed to the limits when an unexplained phenomenon invades their lives. Sixteen-year-old Tash has everything a teenage girl could want: good looks, brains and freedom from her busy parents. But when she looks into her mirror, a stranger’s face stares back at her. Her best friend Mal believes it’s an evil spirit and enters the world of the supernatural to find answers. But spell books and ouija boards cannot fix a problem that comes from deep within the soul. It will take a journey to the edge of madness for Tash to face the truth inside her heart and see the evil that lurks in her home. And Mal’s love and courage to pull her back into life. The exegesis examines resilience and coping strategies in adolescence, in particular, the relationship of trauma to brain development in children and teenagers. It draws on recent discoveries in neuroscience and psychology to provide a framework to examine the role of coping strategies in building resilience. Within this broader context, it analyses two works of contemporary young adult fiction, Freaky Green Eyes by Joyce Carol Oates and Sonya Hartnett’s Surrender, their use of the split persona as a coping mechanism within young adult fiction and the potential of young adult literature as a tool to help build resilience in teen readers.
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Kimberley, Maree Ann. "Girl in the Shadows and resilience and coping strategies in contemporary young adult fiction". Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29384/.
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The novel manuscript Girl in the Shadows tells the story of two teenage girls whose friendship, safety and sanity are pushed to the limits when an unexplained phenomenon invades their lives. Sixteen-year-old Tash has everything a teenage girl could want: good looks, brains and freedom from her busy parents. But when she looks into her mirror, a stranger’s face stares back at her. Her best friend Mal believes it’s an evil spirit and enters the world of the supernatural to find answers. But spell books and ouija boards cannot fix a problem that comes from deep within the soul. It will take a journey to the edge of madness for Tash to face the truth inside her heart and see the evil that lurks in her home. And Mal’s love and courage to pull her back into life. The exegesis examines resilience and coping strategies in adolescence, in particular, the relationship of trauma to brain development in children and teenagers. It draws on recent discoveries in neuroscience and psychology to provide a framework to examine the role of coping strategies in building resilience. Within this broader context, it analyses two works of contemporary young adult fiction, Freaky Green Eyes by Joyce Carol Oates and Sonya Hartnett’s Surrender, their use of the split persona as a coping mechanism within young adult fiction and the potential of young adult literature as a tool to help build resilience in teen readers.
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Albertson, Jennifer. "In two minds (novel) ; and A singular voice (dissertation)". University of Western Australia. English and Cultural Studies Discipline Group, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0105.
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Oliveira, Margareth Laska de. "A leitura da erotização da infância e da cultura do estupro: denúncia social na obra Sapato de salto, de Lygia Bojunga". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2571.
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Esta pesquisa visou compreender a cultura do estupro e a consequente erotização da infância construídas pela sociedade patriarcal e representadas na literatura infantil e juvenil pelo romance Sapato de salto, de Lygia Bojunga, publicado em 2006. Assim, partindo da hipótese interpretativa de que a mídia tem uma grande influência na erotização e objetificação da criança, buscou perceber como a representação da cultura do estupro e a erotização da infância são construídas socialmente pelas mídias e reafirmadas na idealização da feminilidade e da masculinidade, em que se destaca uma espécie de amadurecimento precoce da infância como forma de justificativa para a violência sexual. Desse modo, a relevância desse trabalho se evidencia na necessidade de discutir e denunciar os crimes sexuais contra a infância, em que se deve dar voz àqueles que não têm espaços de fala na sociedade e estão vulneráveis dentro de uma cultura que naturaliza a erotização dos seus corpos e culpabiliza as vítimas pelos casos de pedofilia e prostituição infantil. Para tanto, utilizou-se das teorias feministas como base para se discutir as questões ligadas ao gênero presentes no romance, além disso, houve a necessidade de construção de um quadro teórico que trate das relações da obra com um ambiente tecnológico que enaltece o corpo feminino como objeto. Nesse sentido, utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória e de levantamento bibliográfico sobre o assunto, possibilitando aprofundar o tema proposto, realizando uma análise de cunho qualitativo. Verifica-se que o sapato de salto utilizado pela personagem tia Inês e posteriormente pela personagem Sabrina nos momentos de prostituição, denota a tentativa de crescimento precoce para justificar a prostituição de uma criança. Assim, procurou compreender como é construído pela autora a simbologia do sapato em contraposição aos pés descalços, e como a sociedade de consumo enfatiza esse objeto, influenciando através das mídias, a erotização da infância, com a necessidade de evidenciar um discurso que transforma meninas precocemente em objetos sexuais. Além disso, verificou-se como a representação do sapato no romance remete intertextualmente ao conto de fadas Cinderela, que é recriado inesgotavelmente pela literatura e por diversas mídias. Destarte, essa pesquisa contribui para discussão e compreensão da cultura do estupro e da erotização da infância presentes na sociedade patriarcal, enfatizando a necessidade de reflexão sobre a temática e da busca pela proteção da infância e pelo fim da impunidade dos agressores sexuais. Além disso, a literatura se destacou como representação dessa sociedade que naturaliza a violência sexual.This research aimed to understand rape culture and the resulting eroticization of childhood built by the patriarchal society and represented in children’s literature, here in the novel “Sapato de Salto”, written by brazilian author Lygia Bojunga, and published in 2006. Based on interpretive hypothesis that the media has a great influence on the eroticization and objectification of the child, it sought to understand how the rape culture and the eroticization of hildhood are socially constructed by the media and reiterated in the idealization of femininity and masculinity, a kind of early maturity of childhood was highlighted as a form of justification for sexual violence. Thus, the relevance of this work is demonstrated in the need to discuss and to denounce child sexual abuse. It hould give voice to those who do not have speech space in the society and are vulnerable within a culture that naturalizes the eroticization of their bodies and blames the victims of pedophilia and child prostitution. For this purpose, feminist theories were used as a basis for discussing gender issues present in the novel, in addition, there was a necessity to construct a theoretical framework that deals with the relations between the novel and a technological environment that validates the female body as a sexual object. Therefore, it was used exploratory research and bibliographical survey about the subject, made it possible to deepen the proposed theme, carrying out a qualitative analysis. It was verified that the high heel shoe, used by the character aunt Inês and later by the character Sabrina, as prostitute, denotes the attempt of early maturity to justify the child prostitution. Thus, it sought to understand how the author builds the symbology of the shoe in contrast to the bare feet and how the consumer society emphasizes this object, influencing through the media the eroticization of childhood, in a need to highlight a discourse that transforms girls early into sexual objects. In addition, it was also verified how the representation of the shoe in the novel refers to the fairy tale of Cinderella, in a intertextual way. This tale is recreated inexhaustibly by the literature and by many other medias. Thus, this research contributes to the discussion and understanding of rape culture and the eroticization of childhood present in the patriarchal society, emphasizing the necessity for reflection about the theme and the pursuit for the protection of childhood and the end of the impunity of sexual aggressors and even more, literature has been stood out as a representation of this society that naturalizes sexual violence.
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Mocanu, Adina-Elena. "Vulnerabilidad y violencia contra las niñas en la narrativa rumana poscomunista: Florina Ilis, Doina Ruști, Nora Iuga y Liliana Corobca". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458874.
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Esta tesis se propone abordar una selección de novelas de las escritoras rumanas más reconocidas: Cruciada copiilor, 2005 (La cruzada de los niños, 2010), de Florina Ilis, Lizoanca la 11 ani, 2009, (Eliza a los once años, 2014), Hai să furăm pepeni 2010 [Vamos a robar melones], de Nora Iuga y Kinderland 2013, de Liliana Corobca, autoras de universos que corresponden a sus propios valores, desde su perspectiva como mujeres, y retratan de una manera inédita y particular aspectos de la cotidianeidad rumana poscomunista con matices que pueden explicarse a partir de la persistencia de las disposiciones y mentalidades construidas durante la época del régimen totalitarista. Las perspectivas que, desde la ficción, proponen las autoras rumanas, ayudan a problematizar estereotipos relacionados con la vida de las mujeres relacionados con la dependencia, los cuidados y la afiliación o temas tabú, como la sexualidad, las fantasías o el deseo, en especial en la infancia, un período importante en el desarrollo de las personas.
A partir del análisis de estas novelas, esta tesis pretende ofrecer una reflexión en torno a la vulnerabilidad y la violencia en la infancia en femenino poniendo de relieve la complejidad conceptual inherente a tales situaciones bajo el período poscomunista, y también tratar las diferentes aportaciones teóricas para su conceptualización y análisis.
Esta tesis se estructura en dos bloques: el primero tiene un enfoque basado en la teorización y el análisis de la vulnerabilidad en la infancia y el segundo analiza la violencia, cuyas huellas permanecen a lo largo de la formación del sujeto. El primer bloque se centra en el concepto de vulnerabilidad (Butler 2004) en relación con el habitus (Bourdieu 1990) y la construcción de la infancia, etapa en la cual las niñas ocupan su lugar conforme a un estereotipo de género. El segundo, se propone abordar el concepto de violencia, tanto a nivel teórico como a nivel de lectura de las novelas, para poner en evidencia que las niñas están siempre bajo el dominio del otro y cumplen con los requisitos que les otorga su condición de vulnerables (Cavarero 2009)This dissertation aims to explore a selection of novels by today’s most renowned Romanian female writers: Cruciada copiilor, 2005 (La cruzada de los niños, 2010, [The children’s crusade]), by Florina Ilis, Lizoanca la 11 ani, 2009, (Eliza a los once años, 2014, [Lizoanca at age 11], Hai să furăm pepeni, 2010 [Let’s steal melons], by Nora Iuga and Kinderland, 2012, by Liliana Corobca. These authors have created, from their perspectives as women, literary universes that correspond to their own values, and they portray post-Communist Romanian daily life in unprecedented and particular ways. Through their writings, they describe the rulings and mentalities set out during the totalitarian regime that Romania experienced. The perspectives put forward by these Romanian writers help to problematize stereotypes regarding women’s lives, related to dependence, care and affiliation, or taboo subjects, such as sexuality, fantasies, desires, especially during childhood, an important stage for someone’s development. This approach opens new fields of interpretation, for the novels here analyzed bring into focus new reflections on childhood and help to deconstruct those topics in which girls are perceived as angelical, tender and invisible beings, or those in which they are constructed as perpetually passive or as victims. The thesis is structured in two parts: the first one proposes a theorization and an analysis of vulnerability during childhood, and the second one analyses the violence whose traces remain in the formation of the subject. The first one is dedicated to a rethinking of the concept of vulnerability (Butler 2004) in relation to the habitus (Bordieu 1990) and to the construction of childhood, a stage in which girls understand their place in the world according to their gender stereotype. The second one aims to analyze the concept of violence, from both a theoretical and a fictional point of view, in order to highlight the fact that girls are always under domination and that they fulfil the requirements that their vulnerable status give them (Cavarero 2009).
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Abhilak, Vishnu. "Child abuse : psychopedagogical perspective". Thesis, University of Zululand, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/760.
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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology, University of Zululand, 1992.The aim of this study was : to describe the life-world of the abused child from a psychopedagogical perspective; and to determine, in the light of the findings obtained, certain guidelines according to which accountable support could be instituted in order to meet the needs of the abused child. The study initially outlines current thinking and research on child abuse, first identified as a clinical phenomenon in the 1960's. The early definition of child abuse included only physical abuse, known as "baby battering", but the definition has been broadened to include neglect, emotional abuse, failure-to-thrive, sexual abuse and cultural abuse. Furthermore, the characteristics of abusing parents and those factors that appear to pre-dispose a child to become the object of abuse are discussed. From a psychopedagogical perspective the abused child finds himself in a situation of dysfunctional education mainly because he goes through the difficult road to adulthood without the assistance and guidance of a responsible parent or adult. This results in the psychic life of the abused child being under-actualised. The lack of responsible adult intervention and guidance, which is based on the pedagogical principles of understanding, trust and authority, results in the abused child forming relationships within his life-world which are inadequate for his emancipation. The abused child thus fails to constitute a meaningful life-world. It would seem that poverty together with cultural sanctions which condone violence, stressful living conditions such as overcrowding, insufficient personal, financial and social resources, discrimination and deprivation, all interact with each other to produce fertile ground not only for abuse, but all forms of deviance. It was found that mothers were mainly responsible for abuse, particularly emotional abuse, neglect and abandonment This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that they are in the main responsible for the care of the children. The literature has shown that abusing parents have been abused themselves as children and know no other way of disaplining their children. They have not learned how to "parent". There are factors that pre-dispose the child to abuse ; prematurity, retardation, physical handicaps and the fact that the child is perceived by the parents as being "different". The review of the literature has emphasised the importance of the multi-disciplinary team in the treatment and prevention of child abuse. The role of a specialised unit in treating and preventing child abuse is recommended by some authors. Case conferences are described as a useful means of discussing cases intensively and reporting back to a committee or specialised unit. Education for family life, the outlawing of family violence, involving lay people in running community programmes, the development of better services in the community are all discussed as ways of preventing child abuse. In the light of the findings of this research, the following was recommended : * school social workers should be trained and placed at schools to assist and identify pedagogically neglected children; * that there should be a staff training programme for teachers with regard to the identification, intervention and counselling of abuse cases; * educational programmes directed at school children, parents, parents-to-be and professionals, are essential for the prevention of child abuse.
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Scarlett, Jane Margaret y Bryan Anderson Wing. "Child abuse and domestic abuse: Factors in reunification". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2133.
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This study was designed to differentiate the significant demographic and familial factors found in families when reunification is successful versus when reunification fails in cases of child removal due to physical abuse and domestic violence. The purpose of this study was to identify which, if any of these factors, lead to successful reunification. Content analysis of adjudicated cases of child abuse in San Bernardino County was used to transform qualitative information into quantitative data.
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Tennfjord, Oddfrid Skorpe. "Attitudes towards child sexual abuse". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1922.
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The main purpose of the present thesis was to develop a measurement instrument aimed to reveal attitudes towards child sexual abuse, and to measure attitudes and associating personal, social and cultural factors among three different samples of Norwegian adults. Additional aims were to explore the relation between participants’ knowledge-seeking on the one hand, their experiences, attitudes and actual knowledge about abuse on the other hand.
Three studies are presented based on the same data material collected in Norway in spring 2004. Three samples were included in the survey: A sample of randomly selected adults between 18-67 years (n = 296). A sample of active Christians between 22-65 years (n = 125) and finally a sample of imprisoned child sexual offenders between 21-74 years (n = 36).
Study I was primarily concerned about the development and validation of a new measurement instrument, entitled Attitudes towards child sexual abuse (ACA). The scale consisted of four different attitudinal dimensions. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the four-factor structure. The four dimensions were entitled 1) Acceptance and responsibility, 2) Fatalism, 3) Damages caused by abuse, and 4) Legal issues. The result showed that there were significant attitude differences across the samples. The differences were in the expected direction e.g. offenders reported more abuse-accepting attitudes than the random adults and active Christians, and men had more abuse-accepting attitudes than women. This confirms the discriminative properties of ACA. Furthermore, the factors hypothesized to be associated with attitudes towards abuse behaved as expected, e.g. high empathy was related to more averse attitudes. Conclusively, the scale was found to be valid and reliable.
Study II further investigated attitudes towards abuse and explored cultural, social and personal factors associated with these attitudes. The results showed that different factors were predictors of attitudes in the three samples. Empathy and normlessness were the best predictors of attitudes among the random sample of adults and the active Christians. The most significant predictors of attitudes among the prisoners were their view of women and femininity. This may imply that different intervention strategies should be chosen depending on the target group.
Study III aimed to explore attitudes towards and knowledge-seeking about child sexual abuse among the samples. It was hypothesized that those who seek more knowledge had more accurate knowledge about abuse, and that the difference in knowledge-seeking and attitudes were related to the respondents’ own experience with abuse. It was furthermore expected that both knowledge-seeking and attitudes were predictors of abusive behaviour. The results suggested that attitudes and knowledge-seeking differed across samples and gender. The active Christians had most aversive attitudes towards child sexual abuse and sought more knowledge about abuse than the comparing samples. The respondents who reported high knowledge-seeking seemed to have more knowledge of abuse as well. However, a more comprehensive measurement of both knowledge-seeking and actual knowledge is recommended in future studies. Knowledge-seeking was related to both direct and indirect experience, e.g. victims of abuse had higher knowledge-seeking compared to non-victims and those who knew a victim had higher knowledge-seeking than those who did not know a victim. Abusive behaviour was predicted by attitudes, gender and sample. Knowledge-seeking did not predict abusive behaviour.
Taken together, the three studies showed that the hypothesized attitudinal differences between the three samples, were confirmed. Furthermore, the expected relation between attitudes on the one hand and social, cultural, and personality factors and knowledge-seeking on the other hand, was supported. The result as a whole may serve as a guide to interventions aimed to prevent abuse.
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Poh, Boon-nee y 傅文毅. "Children's rights and child abuse". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250269.
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Carter, Shevaun Kirsten. "Perpetrators of child sexual abuse". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7691/.
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The National Society of Protection and Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) estimate that 1 in 20 children are a victim of sexual abuse (Bentley, O’Hagan, Raff, & Bhatti, 2016). Furthermore, recent figures indicate that there has been a rise in child sexual abuse cases across the UK. Research into perpetrators of child sexual abuse have focused primarily on male offenders. Researchers have explored the cognitive distortions of male offenders and developed theories of sexual offending based on the risk factors associated with this population. More recently, studies have explored the core beliefs and schemas of child offenders to understand the factors that underpin their cognitive distortions. This empirical paper explores the Early Maladaptive Schemas and Implicit Theories of mentally disordered child sex offenders. Historically, societal perspectives of women indicated that females were highly unlikely to perpetrate sexual offences against children. More recent findings suggest that females account for approximately 5% of all sexual offenders across the UK, Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand. However, this statistic varies depending on the data gathering methods employed: self-report studies indicate higher prevalence rates of female perpetrated sexual abuse compared to case report studies. This systematic review explores societal perspectives of female child sex offenders compared to male perpetrators.
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Poh, Boon-nee. "Children's rights and child abuse /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470812.
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Kobayashi, Juichi 1960. "Parental deviance, parent-child bonding, child abuse, and child sexual aggression". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278178.
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Structural equation modeling was used to test a theoretical model of the etiology of the deviant sexual aggression by adolescents. The subjects were 117 juvenile male sexual offenders who had been referred from either criminal justice or social service agencies to a clinic that treated offenders. The tested theoretical model included several family factors: parental deviance, child physical and sexual abuse history, and children's bonding to their parents. The model as a whole fitted the data very well. As for the specific hypotheses in the model, physical abuse by the father and sexual abuse by males were found to increase sexual aggression by adolescents. Also, children's bonding to their mother was found to decrease their sexual aggression. These results are explained from the social learning perspective and parent-child attachment or social control perspective. Further, the directions for the future research are suggested.
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Hagen, Carol Kellerman. "Decision Making Factors in Child Caregiver Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2527/.
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This study investigated decision making factors used by child caregivers to identify suspected child abuse and neglect and collected data on caregiver training in the recognition and reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect.
Data was collected in July 1999 in fourteen north Texas childcare programs. One hundred twenty three teaching and administrative staff completed a survey based on Jacobson, A., Glass, J. and Ruggiere, P. (1998). Five teachers and five administrators chosen for convenience were read eleven vignettes describing possibly abusive situations to decide whether they were reportable or non-reportable, and to indicate factors used to make their decisions.
Administrators (50%) and teachers (13.3%) reported being unfamiliar with child abuse and neglect definitions and reporting laws. Two thirds (66.7%) of the administrators and 39.8% of the teachers had received specific training in recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect. Administrators were more likely than teachers to report suspected child abuse and neglect. Teachers often reported to program administrators rather than state designated authorities. All subjects relied on information about children, but administrators also used information about parents, with teachers more likely to make excuses for parental actions. With 110 reporting opportunities, training was cited as a factor only twice by administrators. No teachers made reports to anyone other than program administrators, a factor named deference in this study. Four of five administrators expected deference from teachers when reporting decisions were made.
Present training in the recognition and reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect is inadequate. Caregivers need additional training in differences between accidental and intentional injuries, detection of child sexual abuse and emotional neglect, recognition and assessment of injuries among infants and toddlers, and mandated reporting procedures. Further research on optimal training for accurate reporting of suspected abuse and neglect is needed. A mandate to report to authorities outside the child care center should be clarified in state law. Licensing individuals as well as programs would strengthen reporting by caregivers.
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Wicomb, Lynne y Lynne Foster. "Child abuse : patterns of physical and sexual child abuse presenting at Karl Bremer Hospital and the knowledge and perceptions of the Ravensmead Community on child abuse". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97239.
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Background
Child abuse is a serious and devastating problem rooted within our communities. According to the South African Police Services (SAPS) crime statistics of 2006 & 2007, the four most common crimes committed (and attempted) against children were rape, common assault, and assault with attempt to do grievous bodily harm. Because this problem has it's roots within our homes and communities it must be unpacked from a community level.
Aim and objectives:
This study aims to describe the patterns of child abuse in the Northern Suburbs of Cape Town and to gain insight into the knowledge and perceptions of the Ravensmead Community regarding child physical and sexual abuse.
Methods
This was done by exploring the knowledge and perceptions of the Ravensmead community on various aspects of child physical and sexual abuse including perceptions of victim and perpetrator profiles, responses to victims of child physical and sexual abuse, their knowledge of and access to avenues of help. The study also describes the patterns of child abuse in the Northern Suburbs of Cape Town as documented in the case record reviews of children presenting to the Karl Bremer Hospital at the Rape crises Centre.
In order to explore the knowledge of the Ravensmead community of child physical and sexual abuse, the researcher designed a structured questionnaire and conducted a door-to-door survey. A total of 279 respondents were obtained. Specific areas of enquiry included knowledge of definitions, perceptions of perpetrators, perceptions of predisposing circumstances and perception of avenues for help and where education programs should be aimed.
Patterns of Child physical and sexual abuse presenting at the Rape Crises Centre at Karl Bremer Hospital was determined by conducting a case record review. Information regarding victim and perpetrator profiles, injuries sustained and home circumstance as documented in these case records was described. An in-depth interview conducted at the Rape Crises centre with parents of child victims of physical and sexual abuse provided qualitative information relating to patterns and perceptions of child physical and sexual abuse. Data from these three methods was then triangulated.
Study design
The researcher has chosen to do a descriptive study using methodological triangulation. The aim of the research is to describe the patterns of child abuse (physical and sexual) and to gain further insight into the perceptions and knowledge of the Ravensmead Community regarding child sexual and physical abuse. This was undertaken using a descriptive study design. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to enhance the overall validity of the results.
Setting
Ravensmead is an impoverished community in the Northern Suburbs of the Western Cape. The high rate of crimes committed against children in this community is a reflection of the situation in the rest of the country. The Karl Bremer hospital Rape Crisis Center is the centre to which all cases of child sexual abuse and child physical abuse occurring in the northern suburbs of Cape Town presents. Staff is trained in offering the necessary medical, medico legal and psychological support to victims abuse.
Results
Only 15% of respondents to the questionnaire survey demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes child abuse. Although respondents demonstrated understanding of some characteristics relating to victim and perpetrator profiles they failed to recognize certain circumstances that predisposes to child abuse. The In-depth interviews also found that most families of victims of child sexual abuse did suspect that the abuse could occur under the circumstance, which it did. The perception that children are sometimes to blame for the abuse is still held by some members of the community although they are in the minority. Few respondents were able to identify avenues for help other than the police station. However, the in-depth interviews demonstrates that several fears exist regarding reporting abuse to the police, reducing the practical accessibility of this service. The mean age of victims presenting to the Karl Bremer Hospital Rape Crises centre was 6.18yrs and 36% of cases presented was during the period from November to January. Absence of visible injuries could not exclude the diagnosis of sexual or physical abuse. Information relating to home circumstances and perpetrator profiles was lacking.
Conclusion
The research suggests that knowledge regarding child physical and sexual abuse in the Ravensmead community is lacking. Barriers exist to accessing avenues for help within the community. Greater community empowerment is required in order to effectively combat the problem of child physical and sexual abuse.
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Muga, Jerusha Atieno. "Child sexual abuse in Christian families". Berlin Viademica-Verl, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001930541/04.
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Lindell, Charlotta. "Child physical abuse : Reports and interventions". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-28708.
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This thesis was begun in 1998 at a time when increased numbers of police reports regarding child physical abuse was presented. The increase had been overshadowed by the research on the sexual abuse of children and showed that child physical abuse in Sweden had only been scarcely investigated since the institution of the Swedish anti spanking law in 1979. The aim of this thesis was to investigate child physical abuse from a judicial, social, child- and adolescent psychiatric and a user perspective where a parent or equivalent was the perpetrator. One police district was investigated between 1986 and 1996 and all reports regarding child physical abuse were included. The abused children (n=126) were also followed through social services’ files and child and adolescent psychiatric service charts from birth to a 4-year follow up from the abuse incident studied. Finally, mothers of the physically abused children were interviewed. The greatest increase in police reports during the years investigated, turned out to be concerned with violence between children. The incidence where a carer was the abuser proved to be comparable to the incidence in other Nordic countries, with the adjustment that first generation immigrants were found to abuse their children 8 times as often as native Swedish citizens and second generation immigrants. There were a wide variety of injuries inflicted on the children, where bruises were the most common. Only a few cases where injuries could be verified ended up in court. Social services contact was common among the abused children and their families prior to the abuse incident studied, as were previous reports on child abuse and neglect. Injuries from the abuse as well as familial and context characteristics had an impact on referred social services interventions. The two most important factors for a child still to be receiving social services interventions 4 years after the abuse incident were whether the mother was mentally ill and whether there had been reports on child abuse or neglect prior to the studied abuse incident. About half of the children had been receiving interventions from the mental health services at some point in time, but mainly due to other reasons than physical abuse. Mental health treatment for the physically abused children was rare even though many of the children had contact with the child and adolescent psychiatric services repeatedly before, at and after the abuse incident. The interviewed mothers conveyed a picture of satisfaction with the police’s work but were mainly critical towards the social services. The mental health service was considered to be doing a good job, but needed to do even better. The results indicate that despite an environment that supports public values, attitudes and laws confirming a standpoint against violence towards children, there is still a gap between intentions and reality in Sweden. The thesis provides one way of looking at child physical abuse, but puts forward the urgent need of further studies.2005
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Swanston, Heather Yvette. "Five Years After Child Sexual Abuse". University of Sydney. Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/573.
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Introduction Child sexual abuse is a common problem. Psychological and behavioural problems in children and adults who have experienced child sexual abuse have been associated with the abuse. Little research has been conducted which has been long-term, prospective, involved substantiated sexual abuse, included a control group, took into account mediating factors, utilised multiple data sources, relied on standardised measures and had a high follow-up rate. Aim The aims of this study were to compare a cohort of sexually abused young people with a group of nonabused peers and to establish predictors of psychological and behavioural outcome. Method This study was a follow-up which was long-term, prospective, involved a sample of children with substantiated sexual abuse, included a control group, took into account mediating factors, utilised multiple data sources, relied on standardised measures and had a high follow-up rate. Eighty-four sexually abused young people were followed up five years after presenting to Children�s Hospitals� Child Protection Units for sexual abuse and were compared to a group of 84 nonabused young people of similar age and sex. The two groups were compared on the basis of demographic variables, family functioning, mother�s mental health and life events; the outcome measures of depression, self-esteem, anxiety, behaviour, criminal activity, alcohol and other drug use, eating problems, running away, suicide attempts, self-injury, hopefulness, despair and attributional style; and potential mediating factors such as further notifications to the Department of Community Services, receipt of psychological treatment, legal action against offenders and victims compensation. Potential predictors of outcome were (1) demographic variables, (2) sexual abuse characteristcs, (3) intake data and (4) five year follow-up variables. Main findings Follow-up rates were 81percent (n equals 68) for cases and 89percent (n equals 75) for controls. Five years after presenting for the sexual abuse, the sexually abused young people were performing more poorly than their nonabused peers on various measures of psychological state and behaviour. Although the abused children had experienced more negative life events (p<.001), were from lower socio-economic groups (p<.0001), had more changes in parent figures (p<.001) and had mothers who were more psychologically distressed (p equals .03), multiple regression analysis showed that after allowing for these and other demographic and family factors, there were still significant differences between the groups after the 5 years. The abused children displayed more disturbed behavior (p equals .002), had lower self-esteem (p<.001), were more depressed or unhappy (p<.001) and were more anxious (p equals .03) than controls. Sexually abused children had significantly higher levels of bingeing (p equals .02), self-injury (p equals.009) and suicide attempts (p equals .03). Significant predictors of psychological and behavioural outcome were significantly related to family and parent functioning variables. Abuse status was not a significant predictor when offered to each of the predictive models. Significant predictors of outcome included the following intake variables: family functioning, mother�s mental health, whether parents were employed or not, behaviour scores, prior notifications for neglect, history of parental discord and whether there were caregiver changes or not prior to intake. The classification of the index sexual abuse event as indecent assault and whether there were notifications for sexual abuse prior to the index event also significantly predicted outcome. Five year follow-up variables which were significant predictors of outcome were the young person�s age, number of negative life events, attributional style, self-esteem, depression, number of parent changes, anxiety, despair, whether there were notifications for abuse/neglect after intake and having a parent with a history of drug/alcohol problems. Conclusions Difficulties associated with child sexual abuse continue for some years after the abuse event. Child sexual abuse needs to be considered as a possible antecedent of behaviour and psychological difficulties in young people. Treatment and monitoring should continue for some years after the abuse. Treatment may need to be directed more towards young people�s psychological states rather than focusing specifically on the sexual abuse. Family and parent functioning may need to be addressed early in order to prevent some of the behavioural and psychological difficulties associated with the long-term outcome of child sexual abuse.
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Lindell, Charlotta. "Child physical abuse : reports and interventions /". Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med879s.pdf.
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Turner, Chase Parker. "Child Abuse, Racism and the State". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/47.
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Using a Millian framework, this thesis examines whether or not children are victims of child abuse when they are inculcated with racist belief systems. The conclusion is that children are not harmed and so not the victims of child abuse, but instead are badly parented.
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Sanders, R. "Siblings, social work and child abuse". Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638762.
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This dissertation is the result of exploratory research into the significance of sibling relationships in social work with children and families. It poses five research questions relating to the emphasis on sibling relationships by social workers, the impact of adversity on children's sibling relationships, how abuse influences sibling relationships, whether sibling relationships are able to buffer the impact of abuse, and finally considers the issue of differential risk to children within families. These questions are addressed both by a review of the literature and through two empirical studies. The first study surveyed child and family social workers about their own sibling configurations and their attitudes to siblings in their work. The social workers were then asked to use a tool, the Sibling Checklist, in their work with children and families. After six months the checklists were analysed and the social workers were interviewed. The second study was a file study of the sibling relationships of children whose names were added to the child protection register. A range of quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques, (including computer-assisted analysis of qualitative data), were employed. The findings suggest that sibling relations are a neglected aspect of social work intervention with children and families. In part this may be because there is not a great deal of empirical evidence about the impact of adverse circumstances on children's sibling relationships. Abuse has a harmful impact on the relationships between siblings as well as adverse consequences for the children as individuals, although this appears to vary depending upon the type of abuse. This impairment of the sibling relationships by interfamilial abuse may undermine the ability of sibling relationships to buffer the child against the worst effects of abuse. There was no evidence to suggest that children who are not targeted for abuse in families are less at risk of the harmful consequences of abuse than those who are targeted.
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Turton, Jackie. "Child sexual abuse : understanding female offenders". Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274378.
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Duffy, Katrina. "Child sex abuse : a behavioural perspective". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414986.
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MOURA, MIRIAM PERES DE. "CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE: RESPONSIBLES SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5931@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO abuso sexual praticado contra crianças é um crime hediondo que nos remete a uma história de dominação e poder do mais forte contra o mais fraco, e do adulto contra a criança, sejam eles familiares ou estranhos. Atualmente essa questão vem mobilizando autoridades governamentais, profissionais de saúde, de educação e a sociedade, através da mídia, da criação de leis, de campanhas educativas e da academia. Muitos embates têm sido travados visando encontrar as melhores alternativas para o enfrentamento do problema. Com base na noção de que a representação social contém um caráter prático e operacional, voltado para a ação, o presente estudo teve dois objetivos centrais: primeiro, identificar as representações sociais dos responsáveis por crianças vítimas de abuso sexual acerca dos agressores, dos profissionais e dos serviços de atenção à criança vítima de abuso sexual; e segundo, entender como essas representações influenciam a resolutividade dos casos atendidos.Conclui-se que a adesão ao tratamento, primeira condição para a resolutividade, é fortemente influenciada pelas representações sociais dos responsáveis, em particular aquelas relativas à função desempenhada pelas autoridades e à figura do autor do abuso sexual. O estudo mostra ainda que os responsáveis fazem circular essas representações, mas se ressentem do fato de nem sempre elas serem ouvidas, o que demonstra a necessidade de estabelecer uma escuta diferenciada que valorize e compreenda suas representações sociais como fatores determinantes no sucesso do acompanhamento e adesão ao tratamento. Apoiar, sustentar e valorizar a fala dos responsáveis, dar voz a estas representações e frustrações, é pois fundamental para construir ações efetivas na trajetória de enfrentamento da questão de modo a contribuir na resolutividade dos casos de abuso sexual.
Sexual abuse practised against children is a hideous crime which reminds us to a history of domination from the strongest to the weakest, from adults against children; being their relatives or unknown people. Nowadays, this question has been mobilizing governmental authorities, educational and health professionals and society as a whole through educational marketing campaigns, academic institutions, and also the criation of new legislation. Battles have been battled in order to find better alternatives to face this problem.Based on the idea that social representation contains a practical and operational character, which is focused on the action, this study had two principal objectives: Firstly, to identify the social representations from people who are in charge for children who are victms of sexual abuse, in relation to the their aggressors; representations from all the professionals involved and also from children protection programs. Secondly, to understand how these social representations influence the sexual abuse cases solutions.We conclude that the treatment adherence, which is the first condition towards the solution, is strongly influenced by parent social representations. Particularly, those ones related to the function represented by authorities and by the sexual abuse author figure. The study still shows that responsibles make to circulate these representations, although they feel resentful about the fact they are not always listened to. It demonstrates the necessity of establishing a differencial listening service, which understands and makes valuable their social representations as determining facts for the treatment adherence, its accompanying and success. Supporting and sustaining in order to become worthy these responsible clamours, as well as giving the right importance to their representations and frustrations. Therefore, these attitudes are fundamental to build effective actions during the jouney to face this question, in order to contribute to the sexual abuse cases solutions.
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Hatton, Victoria. "Investigating perceptions of child sexual abuse". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41986/.
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Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate perceptions of child sexual abuse (CSA), particularly the perceptions held by CSA perpetrators and the public. Given the influence perceptions can have on a CSA victim’s wellbeing and disclosure behaviour, and a CSA perpetrator’s sexual recidivism risk, gaining insight into these perceptions was considered important. Method: To facilitate this investigation, a multifaceted approach was adopted. This commenced with chapter one, a systematic literature review, which aimed to identify which factors influence English and Welsh perceptions of CSA victims. The second chapter comprised an empirical research project which aimed to investigate the influence of a victim’s abuse history, victim-perpetrator relationship and a perpetrator’s gender on British perceptions of CSA. These three factors were selected due to their hypothesised influence on perceptions and lack of investigation. Following this, chapter three was completed which involved a critique of the Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory-Revised (GBAI-R). This was to assess the inventory’s suitability for chapter four and to inform practitioners of its utility. Finally, chapter four entailed a case study which aimed to investigate whether a CSA perpetrator’s offence-specific minimisation could be reduced. This was facilitated by completing a six-session intervention on an individual basis. Results: This thesis revealed various findings. Specifically, chapter one revealed respondent gender influences public perceptions of CSA victims as males perceived CSA victims more negatively than females. Regarding chapter two, a victim’s abuse history, victim-perpetrator relationship and a perpetrator’s gender were not found to influence British perceptions of CSA. However, similar to chapter one, females were significantly more pro-victim compared to males. In chapter three, the critique identified some evidence of the GBAI-R being psychometrically sound and utilising an efficient administration methodology. Despite this, some concerns were raised regarding the representativeness of its normative data and the inventory’s susceptibility to extreme scores. Finally, chapter four revealed some evidence of the intervention reducing the perpetrator’s offence-specific minimisation although it was not possible to firmly conclude this. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for further research into perceptions of CSA. This should include investigations into why males are less pro-victim compared to females and the impact this might have on CSA. Research should also continue to investigate the influence of a victim’s abuse history, victim-perpetrator relationship and a perpetrator’s gender on perceptions of CSA. As part of this research a more representative sample should be recruited to enable the generalisation of findings. A more comprehensive critique of the GBAI-R should also be facilitated as well as further investigations into minimisation.
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Harwell, Amy. "Gender issues in child sexual abuse". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13592/.
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Academic interest in the field of child sexual abuse remained consistently high during the latter part of the twentieth century. The research undertaken at this time demonstrated the relationship between child sexual abuse and gender; that is to say that men are the primary perpetrators of the sexual victimisation of children. Given this preponderance, it is of central importance to keep the significance of gender focal. Paradoxically, it is for this very reason that gender remains significant in cases where women sexually abuse children - because they represent the minority of cases. It is this disparity which provides a basis for this work. The purpose of this work is to examine and demonstrate that gender is significant in: the way in which an abuse experience is defined and made sense of; the process by which an individual becomes a survivor; and how abuse experiences are responded to by others. The foci of defmition, interpretation, subjectivity and ambiguity led to the utilisation of symbolic interactionism as an appropriate theoretical perspective in which to ground the study and to guide the research analysis. Designed as an exploratory study, the work combines qualitative and quantitative research methods aimed at survivors of abuse and relevant professionals (the latter drawn from both the 'therapy industry' and the criminal justice arena). In-depth interviews were carried out with survivors and analysed to examine survivors' subjective realities and interpretations of their experiences of abuse. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to explore the significance of gender in the responses of professionals to abuse experiences. The issues that arise from this work have profound implications for the way in which the significance of gender in child sexual abuse can be thought about and understood.
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Lindholm, Michelle Marie. "Chronic childhood disease and child abuse". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1559.
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The purpose of the present research is to investigate whether or not chronically ill children are victims of child abuse more frequently than healthy children. The gender of the child and of the parent will also be examined for differences in the treatment children receive.
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Marotta, Susana. "Intergenerational transmission of abuse". Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2002. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/marotta_2003.pdf.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2002.A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Goldsmith, Rachel Evelyn. "Physical and emotional health effects of betrayal trauma : a longitudinal study of young adults /". view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147821.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-136). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Irvin, James Edgar. "Child abuse or neglect reporting requirements for education professionals : direct and indirect reporting /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3221875.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006."May, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-199). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Reihana, Michelle Jan. "An Analysis of Consecutive Child Sexual Abuse Investigations and Prosecutions by the Christchurch Police Child Abuse Unit". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1664.
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Objective: This present study sought to explore officially reported allegations of
child sexual abuse made to the Christchurch Police Child Abuse Unit. Demographic
details of the victim and alleged offender, case characteristics and the proportion of
investigated cases that progressed to the court system were analysed.
Method: The first sample consisted of all 125 reported allegations of child sexual
abuse from 1st January 2004 to 28th July 2004 (7 months). The second sample consisted
of all 67 prosecuted child sexual abuse cases from 20th February 2003 to 28th July 2004.
Results: Differences between prosecuted and not prosecuted cases were found
with respect to child age and gender and the alleged offender's age, sex and relationship to
the child. Child sexual abuse was likely to involve an offender who is known to the
victim and male alleged offenders were significantly more likely to be prosecuted than
females. Sixty percent of offenders had previous convictions, which were twice as likely
to be for non-sexual offences as for sexual offences. Of the investigated cases, 33%
resulted in charges being laid against the alleged offender. Of these prosecuted cases,
81% resulted in a conviction and 89% of convicted adult offenders received a prison
sentence.
Conclusion: The present study provides an insight into the characteristics of child
sexual abuse investigations. Recommendations are made for similar studies within other
Police regions of New Zealand to enable regional comparisons of trends and differences.
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Lyons, Jennifer. "Sexual Abuse Characteristics and Psychological Functioning among Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37585.
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Childhood sexual abuse among males has been associated with many negative psychological outcomes. Studies have attempted to identify which sexual abuse characteristics (e.g., duration, age of onset) are associated with mental health difficulties. While informative, this research has been mostly limited to variable-centered analyses, which do not capture the heterogeneity in males’ abuse experiences and psychological presentations. This two-part dissertation advances our understanding of how best to measure childhood sexual abuse and how to account for the diversity of sexual abuse experiences and outcomes among men using a person-centered approach. Given that there are few validated measures of childhood sexual abuse, the first study examined the psychometric properties of a commonly-used measure in the sexual abuse literature, the Sexual Victimization Survey (SVS; Finkelhor, 1979). Once the validity and reliability of the SVS were established, the SVS was used to generate profiles on the basis of abuse characteristics (Study 2). Data for both studies were drawn from a sample of 302 males (85% Caucasian) aged 18 to 65 years seeking support for childhood sexual abuse. Participants completed a modified version of the SVS as well as the sexual abuse subscale of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire-Short Form (CEVQ-SF; Tanaka et al., 2012). Twenty-one males completed the SVS again one week later for test-retest purposes. The SVS showed high inter-rater reliability on sexual abuse status and sexual abuse characteristics. Most males (85%) who endorsed sexual abuse on the SVS did so on the CEVQ-SF, resulting in fair concurrent validity. The SVS showed perfect one-week test-retest reliability on abuse status, as well as good to excellent agreement on sexual abuse characteristics between the initial and one week time points. Given the strong psychometric properties of the modified SVS, it was then used to generate childhood sexual abuse profiles in Study 2. Once participants with significant missing data were deleted, 215 men remained and were included in the generation of profiles. Latent profile analyses revealed three distinct profiles which varied in the severity of abuse experiences. The Severe profile (n = 56, 26%) depicted sexual abuse which began in mid-childhood and consisted of a one or two time fondling by an unfamiliar extrafamilial perpetrator. Men in the More Severe profile (n = 71, 33%) also experienced abuse in mid-childhood by an extrafamilial perpetrator, but experienced more severe sexual acts that spanned several months to several years. Men in this profile were emotionally closer to their perpetrators prior to abuse onset than males in the Severe profile. The Most Severe profile (n = 88, 41%) depicted abuse which began in early childhood and consisted of very severe sexual acts by trusted individuals both within and outside of the family. Men in the Most Severe were significantly more likely to concurrently have experienced child emotional and physical abuse as well as a greater number of non-victimization adversities, compared with men in the other two profiles. Profiles varied with respect to psychological outcomes. Males in the More Severe and Most Severe profiles reported significantly more internalizing problems than men in the Severe profile, and men in the Most Severe profile reported significantly more trauma symptoms than men in the Severe profile. Certain contextual variables were also associated with greater psychological difficulties, namely greater present-day use of avoidant coping predicted more internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as greater trauma symptoms. Worse childhood family functioning was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems, and disclosure of the abuse (compared to non-disclosure) was associated with more externalizing problems and trauma symptoms. These results have several research and clinical implications, including tailoring assessment and treatment to meet the individual needs of male survivors.
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Vreeken, Marcia Marie. "Child abuse factors which influence social workers' recommendations to the court to sustain a petition of child abuse". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1171.
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Cutler-Naroba, Maree. "Child Abuse Prevention in New Zealand: Legislative and Policy Responses Within An Ecological Framework". The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2514.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that one way New Zealand's high prevalence of child abuse can be reduced is by the government increasing the legislative and policy responses within an ecological framework, to child abuse prevention. This is because such responses would ensure a 'best practice' approach to child abuse prevention. This 'best-practice' approach is one where child abuse prevention measures are community-driven, child-centred, multi-disciplinary and inter-sectoral. Section 1 of this thesis will provide a background on the different types of child abuse, why child abuse occurs and what the consequences of child abuse are. This section will also cover some current statistics on the incidences of child abuse in New Zealand. Additionally, there is a discussion on how child abuse is increasingly being minimised within a family violence paradigm - even though family violence is only one form of child abuse. New Zealand does not have a good track record when it comes to its rates of child abuse. Section 1 is intended to give the reader a very clear picture of how children in New Zealand are not currently being protected adequately enough from child abuse. This protection should be coming from the adults in their lives, in their community and in their nation. Section 2 of this thesis outlines an ecological framework for child abuse prevention. More specifically the way in which such an ecological model is operating presently in New Zealand, at particularly an exosystem (community) and macrosystem (national) level. The second part of this section discusses factors which will ensure the 'success' of an ecological framework for child abuse prevention. By 'success' the author is referring to a framework in which the primary outcome is the prevalence of child abuse in New Zealand is reducing. Section 3 of this thesis will contain the substantive arguments of this paper. New Zealand does currently have in place legislative and policy responses to child abuse prevention. However, the author maintains these responses to date have not been sufficient because New Zealand's rates of child abuse continue to escalate. This section consists of 19 recommendations of legislative and policy responses that could be implemented at a macrosystem/national level. At the conclusion of the recommendations contained in this thesis, it becomes clear that the government does need to respond urgently to New Zealand's growing child abuse rates. New Zealand can no longer afford to have a reactive, ad-hoc approach to child abuse. Nor can the response at a macro level continue to be one of rhetoric where there is more talk on child abuse prevention than there is on activating, monitoring and funding practical solutions. It is the author's contention that if the government considered the interests and welfare of children as paramount in legislative and policy decisions that relate to children, then this will send a strong and clear signal to the adults in childrens' lives that children are not to be abused. Instead, children are to be nurtured, respected and cherished in every way.
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Gough, David Arthur. "An analysis of child abuse and child protection work in Scotland". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318226.
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