Artículos de revistas: "Chicxulub"

1

Melosh, Jay. "Deep down at Chicxulub". Nature 414, n.º 6866 (diciembre de 2001): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414861a.

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2

Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Ligia Perez-Cruz y Araxi O. Urrutia. "Chicxulub museum, geosciences in Mexico, outreach and science communication – built from the crater up". Geoscience Communication 4, n.º 2 (10 de mayo de 2021): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-267-2021.

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Abstract. The Chicxulub science museum is special, in that it is built around an event in geological time representing a turning point in the planet's history and which brings together the Earth system components. Studies on the Chicxulub impact, mass extinction and Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary provide an engaging context for effective geoscience communication, outreach and education. The museum is part of a research complex in Yucatán Science and Technology Park in Mexico. Natural history museums with research components allow for the integration of up-to-date advances, expanding their usefulness and capabilities. The impact ranks among the major single events shaping Earth's history, triggering global climatic change and wiping out ∼76 % of species. The ∼200 km Chicxulub crater is the best preserved of three large terrestrial multi-ring impact structures, being a natural laboratory for investigating impact dynamics, crater formation and planetary evolution. The initiative builds on the interest that this geological site has for visitors, scholars and students by developing wide-reaching projects, a collaboration network and academic activities. The Chicxulub complex serves as a hub for multi- and interdisciplinary projects on the Earth and planetary sciences, climate change and life evolution, fulfilling a recognized task for communication of geosciences. After decades of studies, the Chicxulub impact remains under intense scrutiny, and this programme with the core facilities built inside the crater will be a major player.

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3

Schultz, Peter. "The buried record of Chicxulub". Nature Geoscience 1, n.º 2 (febrero de 2008): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo120.

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4

Schuraytz, Benjamin C. y Virgil L. Sharpton. "Chicxulub — K/T melt complexities". Nature 362, n.º 6420 (abril de 1993): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362503b0.

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5

Connors, Martin, Alan R. Hildebrand y Mark Pilkington. "New light on Chicxulub Crater". Astronomy & Geophysics 38, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1997): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrog/38.1.4.

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6

Goto, Kazuhisa. "The Great Chicxulub Debate-Synchronicity of the Chicxulub impact and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary-". Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 111, n.º 4 (2005): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.111.193.

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7

DePalma, Robert A., Jan Smit, David A. Burnham, Klaudia Kuiper, Phillip L. Manning, Anton Oleinik, Peter Larson et al. "A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 17 (1 de abril de 2019): 8190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817407116.

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The most immediate effects of the terminal-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact, essential to understanding the global-scale environmental and biotic collapses that mark the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction, are poorly resolved despite extensive previous work. Here, we help to resolve this by describing a rapidly emplaced, high-energy onshore surge deposit from the terrestrial Hell Creek Formation in Montana. Associated ejecta and a cap of iridium-rich impactite reveal that its emplacement coincided with the Chicxulub event. Acipenseriform fish, densely packed in the deposit, contain ejecta spherules in their gills and were buried by an inland-directed surge that inundated a deeply incised river channel before accretion of the fine-grained impactite. Although this deposit displays all of the physical characteristics of a tsunami runup, the timing (<1 hour postimpact) is instead consistent with the arrival of strong seismic waves from the magnitude Mw∼10 to 11 earthquake generated by the Chicxulub impact, identifying a seismically coupled seiche inundation as the likely cause. Our findings present high-resolution chronology of the immediate aftereffects of the Chicxulub impact event in the Western Interior, and report an impact-triggered onshore mix of marine and terrestrial sedimentation—potentially a significant advancement for eventually resolving both the complex dynamics of debris ejection and the full nature and extent of biotic disruptions that took place in the first moments postimpact.

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8

Delgado-Rodríguez, Omar, Oscar Campos-Enríquez, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi y Jorge A. Arzate. "Occam and Bostick 1-D inversion of magnetotelluric soundings in he Chicxulub Impact Crater, Yucatán, Mexico". Geofísica Internacional 40, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2001): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2001.40.4.410.

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En este estudio se presenta la investigación realizada en el sector sureste del cráter de Chicxulub mediante la aplicación del método de Sondeo Magnetotelúrico (MT). El perfil MT analizado consta de diez sondeos MT distribuidos a lo largo de 92.5 km en la dirección radial SE-NW, tomando como centro el puerto de Chicxulub. En general, los sondeos MT exponen un medio uni-dimensional, con magnitudes de Tipper menores de 0.2. Tres sondeos contiguos presentan una ligera anisotropía y los mayores valores de Tipper para períodos largos. El comportamiento de la resistividad en estos sondeos para períodos mayores de 16 s define el límite estructural del cráter, implicando para la estructura de impacto de Chicxulub un diámetro aproximado de 200 km. Modelos unidimensionales, utilizando los esquemas de inversión de Bostick y Occam, fueron utilizados para investigar la estructura del cráter. Resistividades superiores e inferiores a 150 ohm-m caracterizan el medio fuera y dentro del anillo de cenotes, respectivamente.

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9

Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Darren F. Mark, Martin R. Lee, Simon P. Kelley y David W. Jolley. "The Boltysh impact structure: An early Danian impact event during recovery from the K-Pg mass extinction". Science Advances 7, n.º 25 (junio de 2021): eabe6530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe6530.

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Both the Chicxulub and Boltysh impact events are associated with the K-Pg boundary. While Chicxulub is firmly linked to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, the temporal relationship of the ~24-km-diameter Boltysh impact to these events is uncertain, although it is thought to have occurred 2 to 5 ka before the mass extinction. Here, we conduct the first direct geochronological comparison of Boltysh to the K-Pg boundary. Our 40Ar/39Ar age of 65.39 ± 0.14/0.16 Ma shows that the impact occurred ~0.65 Ma after the mass extinction. At that time, the climate was recovering from the effects of the Chicxulub impact and Deccan trap flood volcanism. This age shows that Boltysh has a close temporal association with the Lower C29n hyperthermal recorded by global sediment archives and in the Boltysh crater lake sediments. The temporal coincidence raises the possibility that even a small impact event could disrupt recovery of the Earth system from catastrophic events.

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10

Pope, Kevin O., Adriana C. Ocampo, Gary L. Kinsland y Randy Smith. "Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater". Geology 24, n.º 6 (1996): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0527:seotcc>2.3.co;2.

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11

Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang, Gerta Keller, Thierry Adatte, Markus Harting, Doris St�ben, Georg Istrate y Utz Kramar. "Yaxcopoil-1 and the Chicxulub impact". International Journal of Earth Sciences 93, n.º 6 (29 de octubre de 2004): 1042–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-004-0431-6.

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12

Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime, Joanna Morgan, Dieter Stöffler y Philippe Claeys. "The Chicxulub Scientific Drilling Project (CSDP)". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, n.º 6 (junio de 2004): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00928.x.

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13

Desch, Steve, Alan Jackson, Jessica Noviello y Ariel Anbar. "The Chicxulub impactor: comet or asteroid?" Astronomy & Geophysics 62, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2021): 3.34–3.37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atab069.

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Abstract Steve Desch, Alan Jackson, Jessica Noviello and Ariel Anbar assess the evidence for what type of object caused the end–Cretaceous extinction and suggest best practices for writing and reviewing inter–disciplinary papers

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14

Osinski, Gordon R., Richard A. F. Grieve, Patrick J. A. Hill, Sarah L. Simpson, Charles Cockell, Gail L. Christeson, Matthias Ebert et al. "Explosive interaction of impact melt and seawater following the Chicxulub impact event". Geology 48, n.º 2 (22 de noviembre de 2019): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46783.1.

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Abstract The impact of asteroids and comets with planetary surfaces is one of the most catastrophic, yet ubiquitous, geological processes in the solar system. The Chicxulub impact event, which has been linked to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction marking the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, is arguably the most significant singular geological event in the past 100 million years of Earth’s history. The Chicxulub impact occurred in a marine setting. How quickly the seawater re-entered the newly formed basin after the impact, and its effects of it on the cratering process, remain debated. Here, we show that the explosive interaction of seawater with impact melt led to molten fuel–coolant interaction (MFCI), analogous to what occurs during phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions. This process fractured and dispersed the melt, which was subsequently deposited subaqueously to form a series of well-sorted deposits. These deposits bear little resemblance to the products of impacts in a continental setting and are not accounted for in current classification schemes for impactites. The similarities between these Chicxulub deposits and the Onaping Formation at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada, are striking, and suggest that MFCI and the production of volcaniclastic-like deposits is to be expected for large impacts in shallow marine settings.

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15

Grieve, Richard y Ann Therriault. "Vredefort, Sudbury, Chicxulub: Three of a Kind?" Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 28, n.º 1 (mayo de 2000): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.305.

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16

Schaefer, Bettina, Kliti Grice, Marco J. L. Coolen, Roger E. Summons, Xingqian Cui, Thorsten Bauersachs, Lorenz Schwark et al. "Microbial life in the nascent Chicxulub crater". Geology 48, n.º 4 (17 de enero de 2020): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46799.1.

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Abstract The Chicxulub crater was formed by an asteroid impact at ca. 66 Ma. The impact is considered to have contributed to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and reduced productivity in the world’s oceans due to a transient cessation of photosynthesis. Here, biomarker profiles extracted from crater core material reveal exceptional insights into the post-impact upheaval and rapid recovery of microbial life. In the immediate hours to days after the impact, ocean resurge flooded the crater and a subsequent tsunami delivered debris from the surrounding carbonate ramp. Deposited material, including biomarkers diagnostic for land plants, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, appears to have been mobilized by wave energy from coastal microbial mats. As that energy subsided, days to months later, blooms of unicellular cyanobacteria were fueled by terrigenous nutrients. Approximately 200 k.y. later, the nutrient supply waned and the basin returned to oligotrophic conditions, as evident from N2-fixing cyanobacteria biomarkers. At 1 m.y. after impact, the abundance of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria supported the development of water-column photic zone euxinia within the crater.

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17

Pope, Kevin O., Adriana C. Ocampo, Alfred G. Fischer, Walter Alvarez, Bruce W. Fouke, Clyde L. Webster, Francisco J. Vega, Jan Smit, A. Eugene Fritsche y Philippe Claeys. "Chicxulub impact ejecta from Albion Island, Belize". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 170, n.º 4 (julio de 1999): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00123-5.

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18

Gulick, S. P. S., G. L. Christeson, P. J. Barton, R. A. F. Grieve, J. V. Morgan y J. Urrutia‐Fucugauchi. "GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHICXULUB IMPACT CRATER". Reviews of Geophysics 51, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rog.20007.

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19

Christeson, Gail L., Gareth S. Collins, Joanna V. Morgan, Sean P. S. Gulick, Penny J. Barton y Michael R. Warner. "Mantle deformation beneath the Chicxulub impact crater". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 284, n.º 1-2 (junio de 2009): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.04.033.

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20

Salguero-Hernández, E., L. Pérez-Cruz y J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi. "Seismic attribute analysis of Chicxulub impact crater". Acta Geophysica 68, n.º 3 (22 de mayo de 2020): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11600-020-00442-z.

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21

Mateo, Paula, Gerta Keller, Thierry Adatte, André M. Bitchong, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Torsten Vennemann y Christopher J. Hollis. "Deposition and age of Chicxulub impact spherules on Gorgonilla Island, Colombia". GSA Bulletin 132, n.º 1-2 (17 de junio de 2019): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35287.1.

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AbstractThe end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Ma) has long been associated with the Chicxulub impact on the Yucatan Peninsula. However, consensus on the age of this impact has remained controversial because of differing interpretations on the stratigraphic position of Chicxulub impact spherules relative to the mass extinction horizon. One side argues that the impact occurred precisely at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, thus coinciding with the mass extinction; the other side argues that the impact predated the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on the discovery of primary impact spherules deposits in NE Mexico and Texas near the base of planktic foraminiferal zone CF1, dated at 170 k.y. before the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. A recent study of the most pristine Chicxulub impact spherules discovered on Gorgonilla Island, Colombia, suggested that they represent a primary impact deposit with an absolute age indistinguishable from the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Here, we report on the Gorgonilla section with the main objective of evaluating the nature of deposition and age of the spherule-rich layer relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.The Gorgonilla section consists of light gray-yellow calcareous siliceous mudstones (pelagic deposits) alternating with dark olive-brown litharenites (turbidites). A 3-cm-thick dark olive-green spherule-rich layer overlies an erosional surface separating Maastrichtian and Danian sediments. This layer consists of a clast-supported, normally graded litharenite, with abundant Chicxulub impact glass spherules, lithics (mostly volcanic), and Maastrichtian as well as Danian microfossils, which transitions to a calcareous mudstone as particle size decreases. Mineralogical analysis shows that this layer is dominated by phyllosilicates, similar to the litharenites (turbidites) that characterize the section. Based on these results, the spherule-rich layer is interpreted as a reworked early Danian deposit associated with turbiditic currents. A major hiatus (>250 k.y.) spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and the earliest Danian is recorded at the base of the spherule-rich layer, based on planktic foraminiferal and radiolarian biostratigraphy and carbon stable isotopes. Erosion across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary has been recorded worldwide and is generally attributed to rapid climate changes, enhanced bottom-water circulation during global cooling, sea-level fluctuations, and/or intensified tectonic activity. Chicxulub impact spherules are commonly reworked and redeposited into younger sediments overlying a Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary hiatus of variable extent in the Caribbean, Central America, and North Atlantic, while primary deposits are rare and only known from NE Mexico and Texas. Because of their reworked nature, Gorgonilla spherules provide no stratigraphic evidence from which the timing of the impact can be inferred.

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22

SCHMIEDER, MARTIN, BARRY J. SHAULIS, THOMAS J. LAPEN y DAVID A. KRING. "U–Th–Pb systematics in zircon and apatite from the Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatán, Mexico". Geological Magazine 155, n.º 6 (2 de mayo de 2017): 1330–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000255.

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AbstractThis work presents a systematic study of zircon and apatite in melt-bearing impactites from the annular trough of the ~180 km and ~66.04 Ma Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatán, Mexico, usingin situlaser ablation – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in which the petrologic context of the analysed minerals was assessed. Geochronologic U–Pb results for variably shocked zircon from the Yaxcopoil-1 core, including monocrystalline grains and neocrystallised granular aggregates, yielded a discordant array of ages representing the Early Palaeozoic age of the crystalline–metamorphic Maya block in the crater basement and the timing of the Chicxulub impact, respectively, and provide evidence for impact-induced resetting of the U–Pb system. Zircon and fluor-chlorapatite from the Yaxcopoil-1 core, and fluorapatite in clasts of impact melt from the Yucatán-6 core have low206Pb/204Pb, suggesting the presence of detectable common Pb. The Chicxulub impactites were altered in an initially hot hydrothermal system that lasted up to ~2 Myr; locally, Pb-rich sulphides precipitated. Hydrothermal conditions did not reset the U–Th–Pb systematics of relict zircon, however, due to elevated closure temperatures for Pb diffusion at the fast cooling rates associated with the crater locations of the Yucatán-6 and Yaxcopoil-1 boreholes. Thus, the zircon preserves pre-impact and impact-related ages, rather than those of the hydrothermal system. In contrast, no useful geochronologic information was obtained from relict apatite, because common Pb in these grains overwhelmed radiometrically derived isotope ratios.

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23

KELLER, GERTA, HASSAN KHOZYEM, THIERRY ADATTE, NALLAMUTHU MALARKODI, JORGE E. SPANGENBERG y WOLFGANG STINNESBECK. "Chicxulub impact spherules in the North Atlantic and Caribbean: age constraints and Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary hiatus". Geological Magazine 150, n.º 5 (21 de marzo de 2013): 885–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756812001069.

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AbstractThe Chicxulub impact is commonly believed to have caused the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary mass extinction and a thin impact spherule layer in the North Atlantic and Caribbean is frequently cited as proof. We evaluated this claim in the seven best North Atlantic and Caribbean Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary sequences based on high-resolution biostratigraphy, quantitative faunal analyses and stable isotopes. Results reveal a major Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary unconformity spanning most of Danian subzone P1a(1) and Maastrichtian zones CF1–CF2 (~400 ka) in the NW Atlantic Bass River core, ODP Sites 1049A, 1049C and 1050C. In the Caribbean ODP Sites 999B and 1001B the unconformity spans from the early Danian zone P1a(1) through to zones CF1–CF4 (~3 Ma). Only in the Demerara Rise ODP Site 1259B is erosion relatively minor and restricted to the earliest Danian zone P0 and most of subzone P1a(1) (~150 ka). In all sites examined, Chicxulub impact spherules are reworked into the early Danian subzone P1a(1) about 150–200 ka after the mass extinction. A similar pattern of erosion and redeposition of impact spherules in Danian sediments has previously been documented from Cuba, Haiti, Belize, Guatemala, south and central Mexico. This pattern can be explained by intensified Gulf stream circulation at times of climate cooling and sea level changes. The age of the Chicxulub impact cannot be determined from these reworked impact spherule layers, but can be evaluated based on the stratigraphically oldest spherule layer in NE Mexico and Texas, which indicates that this impact predates the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary by about 130–150 ka.

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24

Chen, Chen y Wei-dong Sun. "Tracing the origin of peak rings at Chicxulub". Solid Earth Sciences 2, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2017): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sesci.2017.08.001.

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25

Ebbing, Jörg, Peter Janle, Jannis Koulouris y Bernd Milkereit. "3D gravity modelling of the Chicxulub impact structure". Planetary and Space Science 49, n.º 6 (mayo de 2001): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-0633(01)00005-8.

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26

Chase, Jonathan M. "A Plant's Guide to Surviving the Chicxulub Impact". PLoS Biology 12, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2014): e1001948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001948.

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27

Pilkington, Mark y Alan R. Hildebrand. "Three-dimensional magnetic imaging of the Chicxulub Crater". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 105, B10 (10 de octubre de 2000): 23479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900222.

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28

Christeson, Gail L., Yosio Nakamura, Richard T. Buffler, Jo Morgan y Mike Warner. "Deep crustal structure of the Chicxulub impact crater". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 106, B10 (10 de octubre de 2001): 21751–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000337.

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29

Schultz, Peter H. y Steven D'Hondt. "Cretaceous-Tertiary (Chicxulub) impact angle and its consequences". Geology 24, n.º 11 (1996): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0963:ctciaa>2.3.co;2.

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30

Morgan, Jo, Mike Warner, the Chicxulub Working Group, John Brittan, Richard Buffler, Antonio Camargo, Gail Christeson et al. "Size and morphology of the Chicxulub impact crater". Nature 390, n.º 6659 (diciembre de 1997): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37291.

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31

KETTRUP, Bianca, Alexander DEUTSCH, Markus OSTERMANN y Pierre AGRINIER. "Chicxulub impactites: Geochemical clues to the precursor rocks". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 35, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2000): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01511.x.

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32

Parkos, Devon, Alina Alexeenko, Marat Kulakhmetov, Brandon C. Johnson y H. Jay Melosh. "NOxproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 120, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2015): 2152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015je004857.

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33

Pilkington, Mark, Doreen E. Ames y Alan R. Hildebrand. "Magnetic mineralogy of the Yaxcopoil-1 core, Chicxulub". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, n.º 6 (junio de 2004): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00933.x.

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34

Kring, David A., Friedrich Hörz, Lukas Zurcher y Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi. "Impact lithologies and their emplacement in the Chicxulub impact crater: Initial results from the Chicxulub Scientific Drilling Project, Yaxcopoil, Mexico". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, n.º 6 (junio de 2004): 879–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00936.x.

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35

Premovic, Pavle, Nikola Nikolic, Mirjana Pavlovic y Katja Panov. "Geochemistry of the cretaceous-tertiary transition boundary at Blake Nose (N. W. Atlantic): Cosmogenic Ni". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 69, n.º 3 (2004): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0403205p.

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The Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary transition at the Blake Nose Plateau recovered by ODP Leg 171B (site 1049, hole A, core 17X, section 2) contains an ejecta bed (thickness ca. 17 cm) marking a late Cretaceous asteroid impact. The nature and geochemical composition of this bed imply that it originated mainly from the target rocks of the Chicxulub impact site (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico), the site of the presumed asteroid impact. The ejecta bed of hole 1049A contains relatively high concentrations of Ni (up to 165 ppm) within the carbonate fraction. It is reasoned that this enhancement represents a sudden and rapid air fall of high cosmogenic Ni into he Blake Nose Basin. The source of the metal was the Chicxulub impacting (carbonaceous) chondrite. It is suggested that many calcareous planktons in the KT ocean surface water of the Blake Nose Plateau were probably vulnerable to the high influx of superacid rainfall and associated toxic metals (e.g. Ni) created by the impact.

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36

Pilkington, Mark. "Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data for two-layer models". GEOPHYSICS 71, n.º 3 (mayo de 2006): L35—L42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2194514.

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Gravity and magnetic data are inverted jointly in terms of a model consisting of an interface separating two layers having a constant density and magnetization contrast. A damped least-squares inversion is used to determine the topography of the interface. The inversion requires knowledge of the physical property contrasts across the interface and its average depth. Since the relationship between model parameters and data is weakly nonlinear, a constant damped least-squares inverse is used during the iterative solution search. The effect of this inverse is closely related to a downward continuation of the field to the average interface depth. The method is used to map the base of the Sept-Iles mafic intrusion, Quebec, Canada, and the shape of the central uplift at the Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatan, Mexico. At Sept-Iles, the intrusion reaches a thickness of [Formula: see text], coincident with the maximum gravity anomaly, south of the intrusion center. At Chicxulub, the top of the central uplift is modeled to be [Formula: see text] deep and has a single peak form.

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37

Ostroumov, Mikhail, Eric Faulques y Elena Lounejeva. "Raman spectroscopy of natural silica in Chicxulub impactite, Mexico". Comptes Rendus Geoscience 334, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0713(02)01700-5.

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38

Officer, Charles B. "Chicxulub Structure: A Volcanic Sequence of Late Cretaceous Age". Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009692.

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The present Cretaceous/Tertiary extinction debate started with findings by Alvarez et al. (1980) of enhanced levels of iridium at K/T sections in Italy, Denmark and New Zealand. They postulated that the iridium was extraterrestrial in origin and related to a 10 km diameter asteroid impact which would have produced a crater some 200 km in diameter. They further suggested that a giant dust cloud would have been injected into the stratosphere from the impact with a residence time of several years and that the resulting darkness would have suppressed photosynthesis with a consequent elimination of succeeding members in the biological food chain — ergo, a mass extinction event.

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39

Kring, David A., Sonia M. Tikoo, Martin Schmieder, Ulrich Riller, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Sarah L. Simpson, Gordon R. Osinski et al. "Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater". Science Advances 6, n.º 22 (mayo de 2020): eaaz3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3053.

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The ~180-km-diameter Chicxulub peak-ring crater and ~240-km multiring basin, produced by the impact that terminated the Cretaceous, is the largest remaining intact impact basin on Earth. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364 drilled to a depth of 1335 m below the sea floor into the peak ring, providing a unique opportunity to study the thermal and chemical modification of Earth’s crust caused by the impact. The recovered core shows the crater hosted a spatially extensive hydrothermal system that chemically and mineralogically modified ~1.4 × 105 km3 of Earth’s crust, a volume more than nine times that of the Yellowstone Caldera system. Initially, high temperatures of 300° to 400°C and an independent geomagnetic polarity clock indicate the hydrothermal system was long lived, in excess of 106 years.

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40

Pierazzo, E. "Hydrocode modeling of Chicxulub as an oblique impact event". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 165, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 1999): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00263-5.

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41

Meyerhoff, Arthur A., John B. Lyons y Charles B. Officer. "Chicxulub Structure: A Volcanic Sequence of Late Cretaceous Age". Geology 22, n.º 1 (1994): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0003:csavso>2.3.co;2.

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42

Sharpton, Virgil L. y Kevin O. Pope. "Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater: Comment and Reply". Geology 25, n.º 6 (1997): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0567:seotcc>2.3.co;2.

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43

Urrutia‐Fucugauchi, Jaime, Antonio Camargo‐Zanoguera y Ligia Pérez‐Cruz. "Discovery and focused study of the Chicxulub impact crater". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, n.º 25 (21 de junio de 2011): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo250001.

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44

Kring, David A., Martin J. Whitehouse y Martin Schmieder. "Microbial Sulfur Isotope Fractionation in the Chicxulub Hydrothermal System". Astrobiology 21, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2020.2286.

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45

Morgan, Jo, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Sean Gulick, Gail Christeson, Penny Barton, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra y Jay Melosh. "Chicxulub Crater Seismic Survey prepares way for future drilling". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 86, n.º 36 (2005): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005eo360001.

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46

Connors, Martin, Alan R. Hildebrand, Mark Pilkington, Carlos Ortiz-Aleman, Rene E. Chavez, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Eduardo Graniel-Castro, Alfredo Camara-Zi, Juan Vasquez y John F. Halpenny. "Yucatán karst features and the size of Chicxulub crater". Geophysical Journal International 127, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1996): F11—F14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1996.tb04066.x.

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47

Timms, Nicholas E., Christopher L. Kirkland, Aaron J. Cavosie, Auriol S. P. Rae, William D. A. Rickard, Noreen J. Evans, Timmons M. Erickson et al. "Shocked titanite records Chicxulub hydrothermal alteration and impact age". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 281 (julio de 2020): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.031.

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48

Pope, Kevin O., Adriana C. Ocampo y Charles E. Duller. "Surficial geology of the Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatan, Mexico". Earth, Moon, and Planets 63, n.º 2 (noviembre de 1993): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00575099.

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49

McDonald, Matthew A., H. Jay Melosh y Sean P. S. Gulick. "Oblique impacts and peak ring position: Venus and Chicxulub". Geophysical Research Letters 35, n.º 7 (abril de 2008): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033346.

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50

Osinski, G. R., L. Ferrière, P. J. A. Hill, A. R. Prave, L. J. Preston, A. Singleton y A. E. Pickersgill. "The Mesoproterozoic Stac Fada Member, NW Scotland: an impact origin confirmed but refined". Journal of the Geological Society 178, n.º 1 (23 de septiembre de 2020): jgs2020–056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-056.

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The origin of the Stac Fada Member has been debated for decades with several early hypotheses being proposed, but all invoking some connection to volcanic activity. In 2008, the discovery of shocked quartz led to the hypothesis that the Stac Fada Member represents part the continuous ejecta blanket of a meteorite impact crater, the location of which was, and remains, unknown. In this paper, we confirm the presence of shock-metamorphosed and -melted material in the Stac Fada Member; however, we also show that its properties are unlike any other confirmed and well documented proximal impact ejecta deposits on Earth. Instead, the properties of the Stac Fada Member are most similar to the Onaping Formation of the Sudbury impact structure (Canada) and impact melt-bearing breccias from the Chicxulub impact structure (Mexico). We thus propose that, like the Sudbury and Chicxulub deposits, Melt Fuel Coolant Interactions – akin to what occur during phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions – played a fundamental role in the origin of the Stac Fada Member. We conclude that these rocks are not primary impact ejecta but instead were deposited beyond the extent of the continuous ejecta blanket as high-energy ground-hugging sediment gravity flows.

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