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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Charlestown (boston, mass.), history"

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Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

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1

Delmont, Matthew. "Television News and the Making of the Boston Busing Crisis". Journal of Urban History 43, n.º 2 (marzo de 2017): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216688279.

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People outside of Boston came to know and care about the city’s “busing crisis” because television news featured the story regularly and this essay examines how television news framed this story for national audiences. This essay illuminates the production techniques of a medium that framed the “busing crisis” in Boston for millions of national viewers. First, I examine how the television coverage of Boston busing in the mid-1970s focused on reports, analysis, and predictions regarding antibusing protests and violence. This day-to-day focus on current and emergent scenes of crisis ignored the history of desegregation efforts since the 1960s, including those that received television coverage in earlier years, like the community-funded Operation Exodus program to bus black children to schools in other neighborhoods and the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare’s suspension of federal school aid to Boston for violating the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Second, I consider how television news framed the use of force in the Boston busing story. Much of the footage from Boston focused on confrontations between antibusing protestors and authorities from the Boston Police and other law enforcement. Third, I look at how television news offered viewers background reports on two of the places at the center of the busing story, South Boston and Charlestown. Finally, I analyze how local television news programs in other cities presented busing in Boston as a failed policy and regularly replayed the archived footage from Boston to underscore efforts to educate viewers on the importance of upholding the law and avoiding violence. Boston was neither the first nor the last city to witness violent resistance to school desegregation, but extensive television news coverage fixed Boston as the emblematic busing crisis and shaped popular conceptions of the history of busing for school desegregation.

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2

Wieboldt, Dennis J. "Natural Law Appeals as Method of American-Catholic Reconciliation: Catholic Legal Thought and the Red Mass in Boston, 1941–1944". U.S. Catholic Historian 41, n.º 4 (septiembre de 2023): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cht.2023.a914863.

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Abstract: Amid the Second World War, the Boston College Law School and the Archdiocese of Boston co-sponsored the first Red Mass in New England. Though this liturgy had been celebrated for centuries to invoke divine guidance for legal administrators, the Red Mass tradition emerged in Boston during a particular American Catholic intellectual movement. This movement encouraged Catholic and non-Catholic legal practitioners to predicate their understandings of the American legal tradition on the Natural Law philosophy of Thomas Aquinas and, purportedly, the Founding Fathers. By employing the movement's intellectual resources during Red Mass sermons, Boston's Catholic leaders believed they could demonstrate the philosophical Americanness of U.S. Catholicism. Chiefly responsible for the Red Mass tradition's emergence and sustained influence in Boston was Father William J. Kenealy, S.J., Boston College Law School's dean (1939–1956). The history of the first four Red Masses in Boston suggests that the experience of wartime significantly informed Catholic leaders' postwar conviction that appealing to the Natural Law could offer an effective medium for American-Catholic reconciliation.

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3

Connolly, James. "Bringing the City Back In: Space and Place in the Urban History of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1, n.º 3 (julio de 2002): 258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000256.

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Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward sought to understand the social consequences of industrialization by looking at a city. One of the Gilded Age's best-selling books, the Utopian novel magically transported lead character Julian West to a futuristic Boston set in the year 2000 and contrasted that ideal, cooperative world with the harsh reality of individualism-drenched, industrial Boston in 1887. Bellamy's vision of a twenty-first-century city was prescient about technology: it included automation, mass communication, and swift transportation. His social predictions proved less successful. Boston in the year 2000 was populated by Victorian ladies and gentlemen and lacked the cultural variety we associate with contemporary city life.

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4

Crepeau, Richard C. "Baseball's Greatest Season: 1924. By Reed Browning. (Boston, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003. Pp. xvi, 205. $19.95.)". Historian 68, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 828–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2006.00169_12.x.

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5

Sheidley, Harlow y Matthew H. Crocker. "The Magic of the Many: Josiah Quincy and the Rise of Mass Politics in Boston, 1800-1830". Journal of American History 87, n.º 4 (marzo de 2001): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674772.

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6

Curran, Robert Emmett. "Boston Catholics: A History of the Church and Its People. By Thomas H. O'Connor. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1998. xvii + 357 pp. $28.95 cloth." Church History 69, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2000): 920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169375.

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7

Renda, Lex y Matthew H. Crocker. "The Magic of the Many: Josiah Quincy and the Rise of Mass Politics in Boston 1800-1830". American Historical Review 106, n.º 4 (octubre de 2001): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692988.

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8

Black, Brian. "Strī: Women in the Mahābhārata. By Kevin McGrath. Boston, Mass.: Ilex Foundation, 2009. 217 pp. $24.95 (paper)." Journal of Asian Studies 70, n.º 1 (febrero de 2011): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911810003633.

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9

Pammer, Michael. "William David Bowman. Priest and Parish in Vienna, 1780–1880. Boston, Mass.: Humanities Press, 1999. Pp. 268, graphs, illus., maps, tables." Austrian History Yearbook 32 (enero de 2001): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800011310.

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10

Strathern, Marilyn. "Reviews : Renato Rosaldo, Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis, Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1989, $21.95, xii + 253 pp". History of the Human Sciences 3, n.º 2 (junio de 1990): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095269519000300217.

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11

Garver, Richard. "Eden on the Charles: The Making of Boston. By Michael Rawson (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2010) 384 pp. $24.95". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 42, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2011): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_00283.

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12

Borstelmann, Thomas. "African Americans in Global Affairs: Contemporary Perspectives. Edited by Michael L. Clemons. (Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 2010. Pp. xv, 385. $35.00.)". Historian 73, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2011): 810–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2011.00308_10.x.

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13

Sapir, Jacques. "Ellen Jones, Red Army and Society: A Sociology ofthe Soviet Military, Boston (Mass.), Allen and Unwin, 1985, 230 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 44, n.º 2 (abril de 1989): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900067329.

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14

Parsons, Lynn Hudson y Matthew H. Crocker. "The Magic of the Many: Josiah Quincy and the Rise of Mass Politics in Boston, 1800-1830". Journal of the Early Republic 21, n.º 1 (2001): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3125113.

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15

Hackemer, Kurt. "Stephen Decatur: American Naval Hero, 1779–1820. By Robert J. Allison. (Amherst and Boston, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005. Pp. viii, 253. $34.95.)". Historian 69, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2007): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2007.00182_8.x.

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16

Rider, Janet. "The Sedgwicks in Love: Courtship, Engagement, and Marriage in the Early Republic. By Timothy Kenslea. (Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 2006. Pp. 269. $29.95.)". Historian 71, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2009): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2009.00252_17.x.

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17

Head, David M. "The Discovery of Guiana by Sir Walter Ralegh: With Related Documents. Edited by Benjamin Schmidt. (Boston, Mass.: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2008. Pp.xviii, 173. $15.95.)". Historian 72, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2010.00273_59.x.

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18

Katz, M. B. "ANNELISE ORLECK. Storming Caesars Palace: How Black Mothers Fought Their Own War on Poverty. Boston, Mass.: Beacon. 2005. Pp. 368. $29.95". American Historical Review 111, n.º 5 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 1554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.5.1554.

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19

Formisano, Ronald P. "Urban Exodus: Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed. By Gerald Gamm (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1999) 384 pp. $39.95". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31, n.º 4 (abril de 2001): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2001.31.4.664.

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20

Meyer, David. "Recasting the Machine Age: Henry Ford's Village Industries. By Howard P. Segal. (Amherst and Boston, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005. Pp. xv, 244. $34.95.)". Historian 69, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2007): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2007.00182_35.x.

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21

A.D.R. "Independent Zambia : A Bibliography of the Social Sciences 1964–1979. By Geoffrey J. Williams. Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall, 1984. Pp. liv + 538. No price stated." Journal of African History 27, n.º 2 (julio de 1986): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700036859.

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22

Hurt, R. Douglas. "U.S. Environmentalism since 1945: A Brief History with Documents. Edited by Steven Stoll. (Boston, Mass., and New York, N.Y.: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. Pp.xiv, 175. $14.95.)". Historian 71, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2009): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2009.00240_34.x.

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23

Garraty, John A. "The Cycles of American History. By Arthur M. SchlesingerJr., Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1986. xiv + 498 pp. Bibliography and index. $22.95." Business History Review 62, n.º 1 (1988): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115392.

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24

Bridges, Amy. "The Triumph of Ethnic Progressivism: Urban Political Culture in Boston 1900–1925. By James J. Connolly (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1998) 304 pp. $45.00". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31, n.º 1 (julio de 2000): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2000.31.1.135.

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25

Burley, David G. "Dalzell, Robert F., Jr. Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. xviii, 298. Illustrations". Urban History Review 18, n.º 1 (1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017836ar.

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26

McGuckin, John. "Early Christian Traditions. By Rebecca Lyman. The New Church's Teaching Series. Vol. 6. Boston, Mass.: Cowley, 1999. xiii + 178 pp. $11.95 paper." Church History 70, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2001): 772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3654548.

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27

Rzhevsky, Nicholas. "The Russian Short Story: A Critical History. Edited by Charles A. Moser. Twayne's Critical History of the Short Story. Boston, Mass.: Twayne, 1986. xxiv, 232 pp. $19.95, cloth." Slavic Review 47, n.º 1 (1988): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498893.

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28

Howard, W. T. "A Fire in the Bones: Reflections on African American Religious History. By Albert J. Raboteau. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1995. 224 pp. $23.00". Journal of Church and State 39, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 1997): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/39.3.600.

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29

Dugat, Danielle R., Emily L. Medici, Mark C. Rochat, Jason A. Arble y Timothy A. Snider. "An Unusual Case of Metastatic Seminoma in a Dog". Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 51, n.º 6 (1 de noviembre de 2015): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6263.

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An 8 yr old, reportedly castrated male Boston terrier presented with a history of generalized hyperesthesia and intermittent shifting leg lameness. Physical examination revealed a caudal abdominal mass and bilateral shoulder pain. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry panel, and urinalysis were unremarkable. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated bony proliferation and lysis of the third sternebra, an expansile lesion of the left tenth rib, and lucency in both proximal humeral metaphyses. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound revealed a soft tissue mass within the caudoventral right abdomen. Ultrasonography also revealed an enlarged lymph node within the right retroperitoneal space. Exploratory laparotomy identified the mass as a retained testicle. A cryptorchidectomy, lymph node biopsy, and bilateral percutaneous core biopsies of the proximal humeri were performed. Histopathologic examination revealed malignant seminoma of the testicle with metastasis to lymph node and bone. Adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended, but it was declined by the owner. All follow-up was lost. This case highlights a unique case for causative hyperesthesia secondary to a novel site of metastasis from malignant seminoma. Metastasis to bone has not been reported in humans or dogs and represents a very unusual and aberrant variant of the normally relatively benign biological behavior of seminoma in the dog.

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30

Lambert-Messerlian, G. M. y B. L. Harlow. "The Influence of Depression, Body Mass Index, and Smoking on Serum Inhibin B Levels in Late Reproductive-Aged Women". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2006): 1496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2515.

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Context: Women experiencing depression have difficult psychosocial functioning, and recent data suggest an earlier onset of menopause. Understanding the biological mechanism for the impairment of reproductive function associated with depression is important. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether a lifetime history of depression is associated with reduced ovarian reserve as reflected in serum levels of the granulosa cell product, inhibin B. Design: Residual serum samples from a subset of patients in the Harvard Study of Cycles and Moods were collected. Setting: Patients were recruited from seven Boston-area communities. Patients: Women with or without a history of major depression, based on structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were enrolled. A subset of patients who had provided an early follicular phase blood specimen at study enrollment and two or more other samples over the first 18-month period of follow-up were included. Intervention: There were no interventions. Main Outcome Measure: Serum inhibin B levels were measured. Results: Serum FSH levels were higher in women with a history of depression, whereas inhibin B levels did not differ between groups. Body mass index and age were significantly and inversely related to serum inhibin B levels. Smoking history was noted, for the first time, to have a significant negative association with inhibin B levels. Conclusions: Smoking has a direct negative effect on ovarian reserve, as suggested by decreased serum inhibin B levels. In contrast, effects of depression on the reproductive axis may occur at the level of the pituitary and/or hypothalamus rather than at the gonadal level, as suggested by increased serum FSH levels.

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31

Westerkamp, Marilyn J. "Puritanism: Transatlantic Perspectives on a Seventeenth-Century Anglo-American Faith. Edited by Francis J. Bremer. Boston, Mass.: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1993. xvii + 300 pp." Church History 65, n.º 2 (junio de 1996): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170316.

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32

Campbell, G. J. "SHANE WHITE, GRAHAM WHITE. The Sounds of Slavery: Discovering African American History through Songs, Sermons, and Speech. With CD. Boston, Mass.: Beacon. 2005. Pp. xxii, 241. $29.95." American Historical Review 111, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2006): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.2.480.

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33

Murray, Tim. "Susan Heuck Allen (editor) 2002 Excavating Our Past. Perspectives on the History of the Archaeological Institute of America. Boston, Mass.: Archaeological Institute of America." Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 14, n.º 2 (25 de noviembre de 2004): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.14207.

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34

Kane, Paula M. "Urban Exodus: Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed. By Gerald Gamm. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999. xii + 384 pp. $39.95 cloth." Church History 69, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2000): 694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169441.

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35

Bozeman, Theodore Dwight. "Congregational Communion: Clerical Friendship in the Anglo-American Puritan Community, 1610–1692. by Francis J. Bremer. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1994. xv + 355 pp." Church History 65, n.º 1 (marzo de 1996): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170527.

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36

Beckert, Sven. "Entrepreneurs: The Boston Business Community, 1700–1850. Edited by Conrad Edick Wright and Katheryn P. Viens · Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1997. xiv + 450 pp. Photographs, notes, maps, tables, illustrations, figures, and index. $42.50. ISBN 0934909709." Business History Review 71, n.º 4 (1997): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116309.

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37

Marché II, Jordan D. "David Strauss. Percival Lowell: The Culture and Science of a Boston Brahmin. xi + 333 pp., frontis., illus., index. Cambridge, Mass./London: Harvard University Press, 2001. $45." Isis 93, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2002): 498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/374104.

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38

Lowry, Kristen C., Judy A. Estroff y Reza Rahbar. "The Presentation and Management of Fibromatosis Colli". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 89, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2010): E4—E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131008900902.

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We conducted a systematic chart review to identify all in-fants with fibromatosis colli who had been seen at Children's Hospital in Boston from January 1999 through December 2004. We found 7 such cases, which involved 4 boys and 3 girls, aged 1 to 3.5 weeks at presentation. We compiled information on each patient's birth history, presenting signs and symptoms, significant medical history, imaging findings, management, follow-up, and outcome. Six of the 7 patients presented with a neck mass, and the remaining patient presented with neck “fullness.” Five patients developed torticollis at some point. All patients were treated conservatively with physiotherapy. Five patients experienced a complete resolution of signs and symptoms, and the other 2 experienced improvement. Based on our findings, we recommend that early management of fibromatosis colli include observation and physiotherapy to prevent or reverse torticollis and the craniofacial asymmetry that can result. Similarly attractive is the opportunity that physiotherapy provides for parents to involve themselves in the care of their newborn. It is important, therefore, to quickly identify fibromatosis colli as such in order to avoid unnecessary expenditures of resources and to promptly begin conservative treatment.

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39

Wessels, Linda. "Issues in Quantum Physics: The Creation of Quantum Mechanics and the Bohr-Pauli Dialogue . John Hendry. Reidel, Boston, 1984 (distributor, Kluwer Boston, Hingham, Mass.). xii, 177 pp. $34.50. Studies in the History of Modem Science, vol. 14." Science 229, n.º 4717 (6 de septiembre de 1985): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4717.963.b.

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40

Wessels, Linda. "Issues in Quantum Physics: The Creation of Quantum Mechanics and the Bohr-Pauli Dialogue . John Hendry. Reidel, Boston, 1984 (distributor, Kluwer Boston, Hingham, Mass.). xii, 177 pp. $34.50. Studies in the History of Modem Science, vol. 14." Science 229, n.º 4717 (6 de septiembre de 1985): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4717.963-b.

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41

ABISAAB, RULA JURDI. "KATHRYN BABAYAN, Mystics, Monarchs and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran (Boston, Mass.: Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University Press, 2002). Pp. 575". International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, n.º 1 (febrero de 2005): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743805310075.

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42

Loucky, James. "Continental Contours of Maya Migration over Thirty Years". Practicing Anthropology 34, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2012): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.1.n6u451640j376027.

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The history of the Americas is one of inexorable human movement, from the human settling of the hemisphere more than twenty millennia ago, to centuries of mass trans-Atlantic crossings. Recent decades have seen unprecedented migration into cities and across national borders amid expansion and dislocations of a globalized political and economic system. Mesoamerica has long been a primary region of migration. Millions of people are currently on the move or part of families and communities that span borders. They include several hundred thousands of Maya, who are today found across North America—from Baja to Boston, Virginia to Vancouver. This essay addresses the roots and routes of Maya migration, and the community relations that emerge as people move and settle. The 30-year trajectory of Maya in Los Angeles, an early and predominant port-of-entry, illustrates opportunities as well as barriers found in a global metropolis. It is in the diverse destinations where Maya now reside that possibilities also reside for their destiny as a transnational people.

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43

Robertson, James Oliver. "The Entrepreneurs: An American Adventure. By Robert Sobel and David B. Sicilia. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1986. x + 278 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and index. $29.95." Business History Review 61, n.º 3 (1987): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115472.

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Martinez-Cano, Juan Pablo, Valeria Cortes-Castillo, Juliana Martinez-Villa, Juan Carlos Ramos y Juan Pablo Uribe. "Dysnatremia among runners in a half marathon performed under warm and humid conditions". BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, n.º 1 (junio de 2018): e000351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000351.

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BackgroundDysnatremia has been associated with sports activity, especially long-distance running and endurance sports. High fluid intake is associated with hyponatremia. This study aims to evaluate dysnatremia and risk factors in half-marathon runners under warm and humid environmental conditions. MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed among randomly selected runners in the 2017 Cali half marathon. Runners on diuretic therapy or with a known history of kidney disease were excluded. Participants went through a 2-day assessment. Previous medical history, training history, body mass index and running history were determined in the first assessment. Symptoms of dysnatremia and level of fluid consumption during the race were registered during the second assessment and post-run blood sampling for serum [Na+] was also undertaken. Results130 runners were included in the study. The complete 2-day assessment was performed on 81 participants (62%) that were included in the final analysis. No cases of hyponatremia were found; instead, there were six cases of asymptomatic hypernatremia (7.4%). This hypernatremia had a statistically significant association with lower frequency (p=0.01) and volume of fluid intake during the race (water: p=0.02, Gatorade: p=0.04). ConclusionHyponatremia has been associated with high fluid intake in races performed under cool weather, such as the Boston Marathon during spring. In contrast, hypernatremia was found in a half marathon in warm and humid weather, which was associated with lower volume and frequency of fluid intake, suggesting that under warm and humid conditions, a median fluid intake of 900 mL during the race could prevent this event.

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45

Breen, Louise A. "Philip Cash. Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse: A Life in Medicine and Public Service (1754–1846). 516 pp., apps., index. Sagamore Beach, Mass.: Boston Medical Library and Science History Publications, 2006. $56 (cloth)." Isis 99, n.º 1 (marzo de 2008): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/589370.

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46

Thelen, David. "The Consumer Movement: Guardians of the Marketplace. ByRobert N. Mayer · Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall, 1989. x + 297 pp. Tables, references, selected bibliography, and index. $25.95." Business History Review 65, n.º 4 (1991): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117285.

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47

Rakitin, Pavel. "R.W. Emerson's Views on the Nature of Historical Knowledge". Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics IV, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 79–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2020-4-79-112.

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In his moral philosophy of transcendentalism the American essayist, lecturer and poet R.W. Emerson (1803–1882) reflected the quest of a whole generation of American intellectuals for a new spirituality in the first half of the 19th century. Rooted in the heritage of Protestant faith and culture, like many of his ancestors for two centuries, Emerson received spiritual training and education and began his ministry as a pastor of one of the oldest parishes in Boston. However, later, in the course of spiritual and philosophical inquiries, he changed both his worldview and the nature of his creative activity. Emerson evolved from being a pastor for a local community to a popular lecturer to mass audiences across America's cities and states. Considering this change, the paper traces the genesis of R.W. Emerson's historical epistemology as it developed from his early writings (sermons and notebooks, including correspondence) towards his lectures and essays. We start by discussing the interest of Nietzsche in historical ideas of Emerson, identify the points at which their concepts diverge in their attitude towards doctrines of Christianity. We immerse Emerson's perceptions of history in the context of covenant theology, the meaning of Lord's Supper and the nature of Christ as expressed in the opinions of the ministers of Congregational and Unitarian Churches in Massachusetts. Special attention is paid to Emerson's concept of history denying Gospel events as the centre of the world's history and implying a possibility for an authentic and credible reenactment of historical events within the subjective experience of an individual. The analysis involves the essay History, Sermons No.5 and No.162, the Lectures on the Gospels and on the Philosophy of History.

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48

Paladin, Nicola. "Modes and Moves of Protest". Review of International American Studies 12, n.º 2 (23 de diciembre de 2019): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.7376.

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The role of mass protest has been recurrently central yet controversial in the American culture. Central because American history presents a constellation of significant collective protest movements, very different among them but generally symptomatic of a contrast between the people and the state: from the 1775 Boston Massacre and the 1787 Shays’s Rebellion, to the 1863 Draft Riots, but also considering the 1917 Houston Riot or anti-Vietnam war pacifist protests. Controversial, since despite—or because of—its historical persistence, American mass protest has generated a media bias which labelled mobs and crowds as a disruptive popular expression, thus constructing an opposition—practical and rhetorical—between popular subversive tensions, and the so-called middle class “conservative” and self-preserving struggle. During the 20th century, this scenario was significantly influenced by 1968. “The sixties [we]re not fictional”, Stephen King claims in Hearts of Atlantis (1999), in fact “they actually happened”, and had a strong impact on the American culture of protest to the point that their legacy has spread into the post 9/11 era manifestations of dissent. Yet, in the light of this evolution, I believe the very perception of protesting crowds has transformed, producing a narrative in which collectivity functions both as “perpetrator” and “victim”, unlike in the traditional dichotomy. Hence, my purpose is to demonstrate the emergence of this new and historically peculiar connotation of crowds and mobs in America as a result of recent reinterpretations of the history and practice of protest in the 1960s, namely re-thinking the tropes of protest movements of those years, and relocating them in contemporary forms of protest. For this reason, I will concentrate on Nathan Hill’s recent novel, The Nix (2016), and focus on the constant dialogue it establishes between the 1968 modes of protest and the Occupy movement.

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49

Brunskill, R. W. "Connecticut River Valley Doorways: an Eighteenth-Century Flowering. By Amelia F. Miller. 15 × 23 cm. Pp. 148, 58 ills., 4 maps. Boston, Mass.: Boston University for the Dublin Seminar for New England Folklife (Occasional Paper, 1), 1983. ISBN 0-87270-053-0. $9·00 (p/b)." Antiquaries Journal 65, n.º 1 (marzo de 1985): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500025294.

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50

Spreafico, Anna, Linda E. Coate, Xiaowei Shen, Rihong Zhai, Wei Xu, Zhen-Fei Chen, Zhuo Chen et al. "Early adulthood body mass index, cumulative smoking, and esophageal adenocarcinoma survival." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, n.º 3_suppl (20 de enero de 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.10.

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10 Background: Little is known about the individual and combined effect of early-adulthood obesity and cumulative smoking on the survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients. Methods: We analyzed two independent cohorts of EAC patients: 235 patients from Toronto, Canada (TO, 2006-2011) and 329 patients from Boston, USA (BO,1999-2004). Associations between early adulthood body mass index (EA-BMI) and smoking with overall survival (OS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for stage, treatment, and other relevant covariates. Results: Median age (range) for TO dataset was 64(29-88)yrs; for BO dataset, 64(21-91)yrs. Males comprised 86% of TO and 89% of BO datasets. 90% of TO and 98% of BO patients were Caucasians. The Median (range) for packyears was 34 (0.2-118; TO) and 34 (0.2-212; BO). The Median (range) for EA-BMI was 24(15-44; TO) and 24(15-47; BO). Median BMI 1 yr prior to diagnosis was 25(16-43; TO) and 25(20-49; BO). 92% of TO and 88% of BO patients had ECOG 0 or 1. Disease stage distribution (early/locally-advanced/metastatic) was 11%/64%/25% (TO) and 30%/52%/18% (BO). For TO, the aHR for smoking was 1.03 (95%CI: 1.02-1.04; p=8E-08) per packyear, while for BO, smoking also independently conferred worse OS, with aHR of 1.007 (95%CI: 1.002-1.01; p=0.003) for each packyear increase. The aHRs for being underweight (EA-BMI<18.5), overweight (EA-BMI 25-30), and obese (EA-BMI>30) in early adulthood were 2.19 (95%CI: 1.0-4.6), 1.89 (95%CI:1.2-3.0), and 2.49 (95%CI:1.5-4.2), respectively for the TO dataset (global p=0.003 for EA-BMI). In BO, the corresponding values were 1.30 (95%CI: 0.8-2.2), 1.45 (95%CI: 1.0-2.5), and 2.39 (95%CI:1.5-3.8), respectively (global p=0.002). In contrast, BMI at one year prior to diagnosis had no association with OS in either study. Conclusions: Elevated BMI in early adulthood and heavy cumulative smoking history are independently associated with increased mortality risk in two North American EAC populations. These survival differences may reflect comorbidity differences, biological differences or both, and offer insight into how key modifiable behaviors in prevention can also affect cancer prognoses. AS, LC, DCC and GL contributed equally.

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