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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Simulation par ordinateur"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Simulation par ordinateur"
Fouqueray, Timothée. "Nouveaux défis, nouvelles approches : <i>Foster Forest</i>, un jeu sérieux pour simuler et stimuler l’adaptation aux changements climatiques". Revue forestière française 73, n.º 6 (27 de octubre de 2022): 649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.7205.
Texto completoFortin, J. P., R. Moussa, C. Bocquillon y J. P. Villeneuve. "Hydrotel, un modèle hydrologique distribué pouvant bénéficier des données fournies par la télédétection et les systèmes d'information géographique". Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705215ar.
Texto completoRequena-Ruiz, Ignacio, Thomas Leduc y Daniel Siret. "Une méthodologie d’analyse des dispositifs de rafraîchissement estival basée sur la métrologie climatique mobile". Climatologie 20 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202320008.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Simulation par ordinateur"
Quilcaille, Yann. "Retour sur les scénarios climatiques et d'émissions à l'aide d'un modèle compact du système Terre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV041.
Texto completoThis thesis puts into perspective different elements of socio-economic scenarios from a climate change modelling point of view. These elements contribute at improving the comprehension of the current state of climate sciences regarding the scenarios. In the meantime, these elements demonstrate the potential of the recent reduced-form Earth System Model OSCAR v2.2.The first element concerns the uncertainty of emissions. Although emission inventories are uncertain, we ignore what impact on climate change have these uncertainties. We quantify this impact for fossil-fuel emissions, the major contributor to climate change. We show that the uncertainties in emissions are expected to increase with the use of non-conventional fuels, but that they do not increase significantly the uncertainty from Earth system modelling in variables, such as the increase in global surface temperature.The second element is a climate assessment of the recent Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. We identify loopholes in the SSP database, and we complete it to calculate the climate projections under these scenarios. Our conclusions suggest inconsistencies in CO2 emissions from Land Use Change (LUC) calculated by the Integrated Assessment Models and in the associated land variables. We identify trade-offs between greenhouse gases in the mitigation of climate change. Using a robust assessment, new carbon budgets are proposed. The uncertainties in increases in global surface temperature are discussed.The third element concerns the negative emissions. Most climate scenarios limiting global warming well below 2°C above preindustrial levels, thus respecting the Paris Agreement, use negative emissions. Using a developed version of OSCAR v2.2, we evaluate the implications for the Earth system of different aspects of different Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies. We identify the reversibility in the different components of the Earth system and calculate the cooling potential of carbon dioxide removal technologies. We also show that the potential of afforestation/reforestation techniques may be impeded by the change in albedo, and that the potential of oceanic enhanced weathering may be lower than expected.Overall, this thesis identifies loopholes in the current development of scenarios. Some do not hinder current conclusions regarding climate change, such as the uncertainties in emission inventories. Others call for further analysis, such as the inconsistencies in the use of CO2 emissions from LUC or the eventual overestimation of the potential of some CDR technologies. It emphasizes the need for an urgent mitigation of climate change
Servonnat, Jérôme. "Variabilité climatique en Atlantique Nord au cours du dernier millénaire : evaluation de l'influence du forçage solaire avec le modèle IPSLCM4". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0055.
Texto completoMy work during my PhD has been the evaluation of the influence of solar forcing on climate variability during the last millennium with the IPSLCM4_v2 coupled model. I achieved two numerical simulations of the climate of the last millennium for this purpose. The first one consists in a millennium-long control integration, and the second one (SGI) was forced by reconstructions of the Total Solar Irradiance, CO2 concentrations and orbital parameters during the last millennium. The main results of my thesis are : the forcings significantly affect the temperature variance for geographical extent wider than 5. 106km² (extent of Europe). This result brought the spatial framework for model-data comparisons. The simulated amplitude of the Northern Hemisphere temperature variability is in agreement with the temperature reconstructions. A mismatch has been evidenced between SGI and the reconstructions between 1000 and 1200 AD, during the so-called Medieval Warm Period. The study of the forcings signature in Europe has shown that solar forcing appears clearly in numerical simulations from the ANR ESCARSEL project, but it much weaker in the studied temperature reconstruction. The conclusion of my work is that the solar forcing used in the simulation does not allow explaining totally the secular temperature evolution between 1000 and 1850 AD, either on the Northern Hemisphere or in Europe
Chataigner, Yohann. "Modélisation du transfert thermique dans un remblai sur pergélisol et élaborations de stratégies pour faire face aux changements climatiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25207/25207.pdf.
Texto completoVoldoire, Aurore. "Prise en compte des changements de végétation dans un scénario climatique du XXIème siècle". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30024.
Texto completoThe main objective of this work has been to run a climate simulation of the 21st century that includes not only greenhouse gases and aerosols emitted by human activity but also land-use and land-cover changes. To achieve this goal, the integrated impact model IMAGE2. 2 (developed at RIVM, The Netherlands) was used, which simulates the evolution of greenhouse gases concentrations as well as land-cover changes. This model has been coupled to the general circulation model ARPEGE/OPA provided by the CNRM. Before coupling the models, sensitivity experiments with each model have been performed to test their respective sensitivity to the forcing of the other. Ultimately, a simulation with the two models coupled together has shown that interactions between climate and vegetation are not of primary importance for century scale studies
Feng, Yang. "Study of the climate variability and the role of volcanism in the North Atlantic-Mediterranean sector during the last millennium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS038.
Texto completoThe PhD work aims at studying the role of volcanism in influencing winter climate variability (especially, NAO) over the North Atlantic-Mediterranean sector at inter-annual scale. The first part is devoted to characterizing the simulated NAO signal in winters following stratospheric volcanic eruptions using three long transient simulations of the past millennium (500-1849 CE) by IPSL-CM6A-LR in the frame of PMIP4. The robustness and sensitivity of the response related to the latitude, season and strength of the eruptions are also explored. The second part extends further to decrypt the physical mechanism regarding different components of volcanic radiative forcing (the surface cooling and stratospheric warming). The work focuses on three 25-members ensemble simulations by IPSL-CM6A-LR following the VolMIP protocol for the well observed Mt. Pinatubo tropical eruption (Philippines, June 1991). Sensitivity experiments indicate that the surface positive NAO signature in our model experiments is primarily attributable to heating in the lower tropical stratosphere which generates stronger subtropical zonal winds through the thermal wind balance and accelerates the polar vortex. Stationary planetary wave propagations are also playing indispensable modulations effects
Quilcaille, Yann. "Retour sur les scénarios climatiques et d'émissions à l'aide d'un modèle compact du système Terre". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV041/document.
Texto completoThis thesis puts into perspective different elements of socio-economic scenarios from a climate change modelling point of view. These elements contribute at improving the comprehension of the current state of climate sciences regarding the scenarios. In the meantime, these elements demonstrate the potential of the recent reduced-form Earth System Model OSCAR v2.2.The first element concerns the uncertainty of emissions. Although emission inventories are uncertain, we ignore what impact on climate change have these uncertainties. We quantify this impact for fossil-fuel emissions, the major contributor to climate change. We show that the uncertainties in emissions are expected to increase with the use of non-conventional fuels, but that they do not increase significantly the uncertainty from Earth system modelling in variables, such as the increase in global surface temperature.The second element is a climate assessment of the recent Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. We identify loopholes in the SSP database, and we complete it to calculate the climate projections under these scenarios. Our conclusions suggest inconsistencies in CO2 emissions from Land Use Change (LUC) calculated by the Integrated Assessment Models and in the associated land variables. We identify trade-offs between greenhouse gases in the mitigation of climate change. Using a robust assessment, new carbon budgets are proposed. The uncertainties in increases in global surface temperature are discussed.The third element concerns the negative emissions. Most climate scenarios limiting global warming well below 2°C above preindustrial levels, thus respecting the Paris Agreement, use negative emissions. Using a developed version of OSCAR v2.2, we evaluate the implications for the Earth system of different aspects of different Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies. We identify the reversibility in the different components of the Earth system and calculate the cooling potential of carbon dioxide removal technologies. We also show that the potential of afforestation/reforestation techniques may be impeded by the change in albedo, and that the potential of oceanic enhanced weathering may be lower than expected.Overall, this thesis identifies loopholes in the current development of scenarios. Some do not hinder current conclusions regarding climate change, such as the uncertainties in emission inventories. Others call for further analysis, such as the inconsistencies in the use of CO2 emissions from LUC or the eventual overestimation of the potential of some CDR technologies. It emphasizes the need for an urgent mitigation of climate change
Truong, Chi Quang. "Integrating cognitive models of human decision-making in agent-based models : an application to land use planning under climate change in the Mekong river delta". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066580.
Texto completoThe initial goal of this thesis has been then to address this problem by proposing, on one hand, a cognitive approach based on the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) paradigm to represent the decision-making processes of human actors in agent-based models and, on the second hand, a validation of this approach in a complete land-use change model in which most of the factors cited above have also been simulated.The outcome of this work is a generic approach, which has been validated in a complex integrated land-use change model of a small region of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Our main contributions have been:The integration of the BDI architecture within an agent-based modeling platform (GAMA); The design of the Multi-Agent Based Land-Use Change (MAB-LUC) framework that can take into account the farmers’ decision-making in the land-use change processes;The proposal of a solution to assess the socio-economic and environmental factors in land-use planning and to integrate the MAB-LUC framework into the land-use planning process of. I conclude by showing that this work, designed in a generic fashion, can be reused and generalized for the modeling of complex socio-ecological systems where individual human factors need to be represented accurately
Guillemot, Hélène. "La modélisation du climat en France des années 1970 aux années 2000 : histoire, pratiques, enjeux politiques". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0149.
Texto completoOur thesis relates to the history of climate modelling from the end of the nineteen sixties to the beginning of this century, focusing on the modelling practices in the two centres developing a climate model in France: the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) from the CNRS (and the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, a fédération of laboratories in and around Paris) and the national organism for vveather forecast, Météo-France. Starting with the first numerical climate models, we trace the évolution of modelling at LMD and Météo-France, and compare the institutions, the carecrs of the researchers and the very différent ways of working in thèse two organisms, determined by their institutional cultures. We describe several modelling practices, in particular the parametrization and validation of models by data, and we analyse the specificities of the scientific practices related to the use of computer. Returning to a critical transitional period in the history of modelling in France, the beginning of the nineties, whcn institutional and scientific reconfigurations allowed coupling of models and simulations of future climate, we analyse the way French modellers confronted the problem of climate change, especially the contribution to IPCC climate prévisions. Finally, we address the expansion of climate modelling to « Earth System », integrating other environments, cycles and interactions, and we discuss the mutations that thèse changes are generating in the working practices of modellisers
Chesnoiu, Gabriel. "Environnement solaire et pollutions atmosphériques particulaires en région Hauts-de-France : évolution récente et scénarios futurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR061.
Texto completoThe solar radiation incident at the surface, primary source of energy for life on Earth and for photovoltaic resources, exhibits strong spatiotemporal variabilities, mainly due to the influence of atmospheric properties.The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the recent variability and future evolution of the solar environment in the Hauts-de-France region (HdF), which is characterized by a strong influence of cloudy conditions and significant levels of particulate pollution.We first use continuous coincident measurements of aerosol optical properties and incident solar radiation at the surface conducted in Lille between 2010 and 2022. The development of a classification of sunshine conditions into three categories (clear sky, cloudy sky with visible or non-visible sun) allows us to obtain solar environment climatologies for the different situations. Furthermore, the use of a multivariate decomposition based on radiative transfer simulations allows us to analyze the influence of cloud and atmospheric aerosol variability on the measured solar environment in Lille. Spring and summer, two key seasons in terms of solar resource, are marked by less cloudy conditions and high aerosol concentrations. In spring, the aerosol direct radiative effect is maximum, with an average reduction of the incident global irradiance of about -9 W/m² (-23 W/m² in the absence of clouds in the direction of the Sun). Aerosols significantly alter the partition between direct and diffuse solar radiation, increasing the proportion of diffuse irradiance by a factor of 2 on average under clear skies. In Lille, our analysis also highlights a trend over the study period of increasing global and direct solar flux (approximately +4 W/m²/year) for these two seasons, in connection with a decrease in the frequency of cloudy conditions.To spatially extend the study conducted in Lille to the entire HdF region and its surroundings, we use climate simulations from the ALADIN-Climat regional model, which includes the TACTIC aerosol scheme. Analysis of a first set of HINDCAST simulations for the period 2010-2020 shows satisfactory comparisons with flux and aerosol measurements from several sites in our study area. This approach also highlights maximum sunshine and global flux in spring and summer, especially in the southern part of the study region, the English Channel, and the North Sea, as well as particularly high levels of aerosols over the Benelux and the HdF region. Furthermore, the recent increasing trend of the global irradiance measured in Lille due to the decrease in the frequency of cloudy conditions is confirmed by ALADIN-Climat over a large part of the region. Finally, using three additional sets of ALADIN-Climat simulations in climate mode, we analyze the possible future evolution, in spring and summer, of the solar environment in 2050 and 2100 compared to the period 2005-2014 for two contrasting CMIP6 climate scenarios. For the relatively optimistic SSP1-1.9 scenario, ALADIN-Climat projects an increase in global flux in spring and summer in 2100, especially over England and the eastern part of the study area, in connection with a coincident decrease in cloud cover and aerosols. For the more pessimistic SSP3-7.0 scenario, ALADIN-Climat simulates, on the contrary, a significant decrease in global flux across the entire region for both seasons, in connection with an increase in aerosols and water vapor. In summer, ALADIN-Climat simulates a decrease in cloud cover that compensates for these initial effects, more so in 2050 than in 2100. In spring, the simulations project an increase in cloud cover, which amplifies the decrease in global flux as early as 2050
Boux, de Casson François. "Simulation dynamique de corps biologiques et changements de topologie interactifs". Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011630.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Simulation par ordinateur"
(Canada), Northern Forestry Centre, ed. Assessing potential biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of climate change on forest-based communities: A methodological case study. Edmonton: Northern Forestry Centre, 2008.
Buscar texto completo1942-, Boardman John, Favis-Mortlock David 1953-, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. y NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Global Change: Modelling Soil Erosion by Water" (1995 : University of Oxford), eds. Modelling soil erosion by water. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
Buscar texto completoSimulating nature: A philosohpical study of computer-simulation uncertainties and their role in climate science and policy advice. 2a ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.
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