Literatura académica sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Régions polaires"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Régions polaires"
Kipp, Amy, Ashlee Cunsolo, Kelly Vodden, Nia King, Sean Manners y Sherilee L. Harper. "Aperçu - Les effets des changements climatiques sur la santé et le bien-être dans les régions rurales et éloignées au Canada : synthèse documentaire". Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 39, n.º 4 (abril de 2019): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.4.02f.
Texto completoRochard, J., C. Monamy, B. Pauthier y A. Rocque. "Stratégie et équipements de prévention vis-à-vis du gel de printemps et de la grêle. Perspectives en lien avec les changements climatiques, projet ADVICLIM". BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191201012.
Texto completoAllam, Antoine, Jinane El Hassan, Wajdi Najem, Claude Bocquillon y Roger Moussa. "Classification climatique méditerranéenne pour l'hydrologie". La Houille Blanche, n.º 1 (febrero de 2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020008.
Texto completoHufty, André. "Les climats thermiques du Québec méridional". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 12, n.º 25 (12 de abril de 2005): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020785ar.
Texto completoLe Lay, Matthieu, Agnès Brenot, Joël Gailhard y Pierre Bernard. "Évolution récente et future de la ressource en eau dans les Alpes. Résultats d’une modélisation hydrologique spatialisée sur le bassin de l’Isère à Grenoble". E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234601028.
Texto completoKunz, P. "Conclusions du Programme National de Recherche PNR-31 "changements climatiques et catastrophes naturelles" : impacts sur la société en Suisse, pistes pour le futur". Geographica Helvetica 54, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 1999): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-172-1999.
Texto completoLANCELOT, R., E. ZUNDEL y C. DUCROT. "Spécificités de la santé animale en régions chaudes : le cas des maladies infectieuses majeures en Afrique". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2011): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3237.
Texto completoAllard, Michel y Maurice K.-Seguin. "Le pergélisol au Québec nordique : bilan et perspectives". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, n.º 1 (18 de diciembre de 2007): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032671ar.
Texto completoThiffault, Nelson, Patricia Raymond, Jean-Martin Lussier, Isabelle Aubin, Samuel Royer-Tardif, Anthony W. D’Amato, Frédérik Doyon et al. "Sylviculture d’adaptation aux changements climatiques : des concepts à la réalité Compte-rendu d’un colloque tenu au Carrefour Forêts 2019". Forestry Chronicle 97, n.º 01 (enero de 2021): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2021-005.
Texto completoKlein, Geoffrey. "Variabilité du manteau neigeux des Alpes Européennes entre 1950 et 2016 dans un contexte de changement climatique : revue bibliographique". Climatologie 15 (2018): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.1325.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Régions polaires"
Rojo, Maxence. "Impacts des événements météorologiques extrêmes et du changement climatique sur les régions arctiques et subarctiques : Perspectives croisées en climatologie et en sciences humaines et sociales". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV075.
Texto completoThe perception of the climate is culturally and socially constructed. For this reason, we have studied some weather events integrating the cultural, political and historical contexts in which they occur.In a first part, we analyzed the impact of Polar Lows, intense mesocyclones that develop over ice-free Arctic seas during winter time, on coastal regions of Norway. The passage of PL can provoke dangerous sea conditions with strong waves, sudden snowfall and blizzard. This phenomenon may represent a risk to maritime and coastal activities in the region, particularly for shipping, fishing and oil and gas offshore platforms.In a second part we studied the impacts of climate change and severe weather events in the Republic of Tuva. Tuva is a very southern subarctic region. Its climate is extremely continental and precipitation tend to be low due to the low moisture content in the cold air. During the twentieth century, the region has experienced major socio-economic changes, sometimes brutal, including the transition from a communist and planned economy to a market economy in the early 1990. Despite these recent changes, pastoralists in western Tuva (horses, cows, yaks, sheep, camels) and reindeer herders in eastern Tuva, still live in close contact with the natural environment. Indigenous peoples of Tuva are facing global changes caused by certain contemporary regional and national policies, including the expansion of the mining industry and the development of mega projects. They offer different points of view, describing environmental changes and their impact on their daily activities
Soriot, Clément. "Caractérisation de la banquise Arctique à partir d'observations micro-ondes multi-satellites". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS451.
Texto completoSea ice plays a major role in ocean circulation as well as in the climate and weather system. In the context of global warming, the extent of the Arctic sea ice has been decreasing steadily over the last 40 years and monitoring of the Arctic is essential. Microwave instruments on board satellites allow the study of this region of the Earth under all weather conditions, and regardless of the day/night cycle. Particularly suited over polar regions with high cloud cover and a six-month polar night, microwave satellite provide key observations for estimating geophysical parameters of the sea ice. Nevertheless, the understanding of the physics underlying the observed microwave signatures is still partial. This thesis aims at improving our understanding of the microwave signals of the sea ice and is part of the preparation of two upcoming Earth observation missions led by the European Space Agency: the Copernicus Imager Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) and the Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography ALtimeter (CRISTAL). In a first part, the covariabilities of passive microwave signals, highlighted by an unsupervised classification technique, will be analyzed and interpreted jointly with active microwave signals, using a microwave radiative transfer model. The results showed that it is possible to identify specific behaviors of sea ice concentration and thickness, and snow structure. The importance of metamorphism within the snowpack for the interpretation of passive microwave signals was highlighted. In a second part, an algorithm for estimating sea ice thickness from passive microwave observations was developed using an artificial intelligence technique. The results were compared to in situ sea ice thickness measurements and also showed good performance compared to other satellite-based sea ice thickness products. By applying the algorithm to a long collection of intercalibrated satellite data, a time series of Arctic sea ice thickness was constructed between 1992 and 2020, making it the longest to date. A final section deals with microwave altimetry techniques for measuring geophysical parameters of the sea ice. The sensitivity of microwave altimetry waveforms to the thickness of the snow cover of the Arctic sea ice is analyzed
Kilic, Lise. "Estimation des paramètres de surface des océans et de la banquise à partir d’observations micro-ondes basses fréquences". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS167.
Texto completoThe oceans and sea ice play an important role in the climate and weather system. A future low-frequency passive microwave satellite mission designed to observe the polar regions is currently under study at the European Space Agency for the expansion of the Copernicus programme. Passive microwave satellite observations provide all-weather observation of the Earth surface, both day and night. In this thesis, we are interested in estimating ocean and ice surface parameters from low-frequency passive microwave satellite observations. The objective is to develop new methods for estimating these parameters that are more efficient and adapted to the future passive microwave satellite mission CIMR (Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer). The first part of the thesis deals with the estimation of ocean parameters such as sea surface temperature, salinity and ocean wind speed. The second part deals with the estimation of sea ice parameters such as sea ice concentration, snow depth and snow-ice interface temperature. Finally, with the methods developed in this thesis, the performances of the CIMR mission are evaluated and compared with the current missions
Berg, Alexis. "Représentation des cultures tropicales dans le modèle de surface continentale ORCHIDEE : apport à l'étude des interactions climat/agriculture". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066068.
Texto completoLecouffe, Audrey. "Évolution et persistance des vortex stratosphériques polaires Arctique et Antarctique sur la période 1979 - 2021". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS293.pdf.
Texto completoThis PhD study focuses on the study of the evolution of the stratospheric polar vortices over the last forty years. The intensity and position of the Southern and Northern stratospheric polar vortex edge are evaluated as a function of equivalent latitude over the 1979 - 2021 period on 3 isentropic levels in the lower and middle stratosphere (675 K, 550 K and 475 K) from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. An analysis of the onset and breakup dates of the polar vortices is included. The solar cycle and to a lower extent the quasi-biennal oscillation, El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation modulate the interannual evolution of the strength of the vortex edge and the vortex breakup dates. In the SH, long-term increase of the vortex edge intensity and breakup dates is observed over the 1979 - 1999 period, linked to the increase of the Antarctic ozone hole. After early break-ups between 1981 and 1987, more persistent vortex occured in the NH during the 1990s. For both hemispheres stronger vortex edge and longer vortex duration is observed in solar minimum (minSC) years. For the SH, the vortex edge is stronger and lasts longer for maxSC/wQBO years than for maxSC/eQBO years, and is somewhat stronger during cold ENSO phase (cENSO). For the NH, the stronger vortex edge is more pronounced than in SH during the wQBO phase, and it is stronger during minSC/wQBO years
Beghin, Pauline. "Interactions entre les calottes polaires et la circulation atmosphérique pendant les âges glaciaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS003V.
Texto completoThe last glacial period is characterized by the presence of two large ice sheets covering Canada and North Eurasia. These ice sheets are a key element of the climatic system by interacting with all the components of the Earth system. The aim of this thesis is to determine by which mechanisms changes in atmospheric circulation may have induced a teleconnexionbetween the Northern hemisphere paleo-ice sheets. The use of a simplified coupled climate-ice sheet model allowed to test separately the influence of the ice-sheet topography and albedo on temperature and precipitation fields throughout the last glacial cycle and to highlight the role of atmospheric circulation within the synergy of past boreal ice sheets.To investigate in more details the underlying mechanisms, the use of a general circulation model was necessary.I therefore carried out an inter-comparisonof the PMIP3 models to examine the GCM responsesto glacial conditions. This work allowed to determinethe role of glacial conditions on the shift of the NorthAtlantic jet stream position and to establish a relationshipbetween this shift and the amount of precipitationover southern Europe. The last part of this thesisis devoted to the respective role of each ice sheeton atmospheric circulation changes observed underglacial conditions. To achieve this, I performed idealizedexperiments with the atmospheric circulationmodel LMDZ. The results highlight the key influenceof the North American ice sheet on the Eurasian icesheet surface mass balance
Alvarez-Solas, Jorge. "Changements abrupts et variabilité rapide dans différents contextes climatiques : une étude basée sur une stratégie de plusieurs modèles". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066357.
Texto completoIce core data as well as marine and continental records reveal the existence of pronounced millennial time-scale variability in the Quaternary climate system. Such rapid climate variability appears to be stronger in glacial periods than during interglacials, but there is not yet a full consensus about its origin. Firstly, the Dansgaard-Oeschger events are characterized by abrupt transitions occurring in a few decades, and by a period of a few thousand years. Two types of explanation have been suggested concerning its triggering mechanism: periodic external forcing and internal oscillations in the climate system, for which ocean circulation is a likely candidate. On the other hand, six periods of extreme cooling in the Northern Hemisphere were marked by an enhanced discharge of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean, increasing the deposition of ice-rafted debris (known as Heinrich events). Increased sliding at the base of ice sheets as a result of basal warming has been proposed to explain the iceberg pulses, but recent observations suggest that iceberg discharge is related to a strong coupling between ice sheets, ice shelves and ocean conditions. In this work, I tried to bring new insights about the mechanisms responsible for the millennial glacial variability, more consistent with the present knowledge of the different Earth's components. This work is based on the use of a hierarchy of climate and ice-sheet models of different complexities. We used a conceptual numerical model to simulate the effect of ocean temperature on ice-shelf width, as well as the impact of the resulting changes in ice-shelf geometry on ice-stream velocities. Our results demonstrate that ocean temperature oscillations affect the basal melting of the ice shelf and will generate periodic pulses of iceberg discharge in an ice sheet with a fringing shelf. Using a state-of-the-art tri-dimensionnal ice-sheet model we also explore the conditions leading to internal oscillations of geometrically idealised ice sheets. We describe in detail the thermomechanical feedback responsible of the so-called ``binge-purge'' oscillations and we analyse the effects of ocean circulation changes on ice shelves and the dynamic implications resulting from a break-up of these ice shelves. Our studies are then focalised on the Heinrich event 1, showing a new mechanism based on the effects of a subsurface warming on the ice shelves stability. We demonstrate that such ice-shelf break-up and the subsequent ice-stream acceleration should be considered as a likely candidate to generate the icebergs surge implicated in Heinrich event 1. Leaving glacial period we finally focus on the present-day anthropically perturbed interglacial. We analyse with a fully coupled climate ice sheet model whether the shift into a warmer climate in the future could favor the occurrence of a new millennial-scale climate variability
Fort, Jérôme. "Réponses des oiseaux marins de l'Arctique aux contraintes environnementales hivernales dans le contexte des changements climatiques". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20268.
Texto completoHarsh environmental conditions encountered in North Atlantic during wintertime, characterized by frequent extreme weather events, are among the most challenging constraints for endothermic animals. Seabirds, which experience this environment for many months per year, play a central role in North Atlantic food webs, notably as top predators and indicators of marine ecosystems. In the current context of climate change, pronounced in North Atlantic waters, it is therefore a major objective to understand how seabirds respond and adapt to these environmental constraints shaping their survival and their population dynamics. We used a multidisciplinary approach (combining microelectronics, stable isotopic analyses, bioenergetics modelling and demography) focused on individual energy balance, to study the ecophysiological plasticity of the 3 main alcid species of the North Atlantic. We found that harsh winter conditions induce an energetic bottleneck for seabirds which might explain recurrent events of winter mass mortality, so called ‘seabird winter wrecks'. In response to increased energy expenditure, we showed that seabirds can adopt different strategies allowing higher energy intake. They can modulate their vertical (diving behaviour) and/or horizontal (migration) movements, as well as their trophic status, depending on the spatial and temporal availability of their prey. All together, these results constitute one of the first comprehensive studies of seabird winter ecology. These insights are essential to a better understanding of their population dynamics and constitute a firm foundation to future investigations of the impact of climate change on marine top predators
Corre, Lola. "Évolution récente des océans tropicaux : le rôle de l'influence humaine". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1673/.
Texto completoDue to its high heat capacity, the ocean integrates the surface fluxes, producing high signal-to-noise ratio at decadal and longer timescales. On the contrary, long-term changes in atmospheric variables are difficult to measure due to the atmosphere high variability on short timescales. Looking at oceanic variables is thus interesting in order to successfully detect a response to the anthropogenic climate change. This manuscript further examines recent upper ocean temperature and surface ocean salinity changes. As 80% of the excess heat caused by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, over the last decades, has accumulated in the ocean, the rate of ocean warming is one of the best indicators of the Earth's energy imbalance. Surface ocean salinity provides Nature's largest possible rain gauge and can be efficiently used as an indicator of the changing marine water cycle. Detection methods are applied to assess whether a human influence can be detected in the recent observed changes
Chemison, Alizée. "Impacts d'une déstabilisation des calottes polaires sur le climat et les maladies vectorielles au XXIème siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ007.
Texto completoMosquitoes, major vectors of diseases, are sensitive to rainfall which is necessary for their immature aquatic stages, and to temperature which affects their development and life cycle dynamics. Climate change can therefore impact the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, the world's major parasitic disease causing over 600,000 deaths per year, and Rift Valley Fever (RVF), a zoonotic disease decimating herds, causing health risks and catastrophic economic losses in Africa.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report provides climate scenarios for the 21st century with different standard greenhouse gas emission scenarios, named Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). By 2080, the risk of malaria transmission is estimated to decrease in the Sahel region and to increase in the East African Plateau as a result of rising temperatures under the RCP8.5 scenario. Although paleoclimate studies show that melting ice sheet can induce abrupt climate change, state of the art IPCC future projections do not consider such a potential rapid destabilisation of polar ice sheets. However, the West Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet are vulnerable to climate change and even a partial melting would cause major climatic changes, even in tropical regions. No study has yet quantified the impact of an abrupt melting of the ice sheets on the distribution of malaria and RVF. This work is based on future climate numerical simulations using the coupled global climate model IPSL-CM5A-LR with RCP8.5 as radiative forcing. Simulations of freshwater release, corresponding to the accelerated and partial melting of the polar ice sheets, were carried out with different melting assumptions:- for Greenland, a freshwater flux equivalent to a global sea level rise of 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m and 3m is released into the North Atlantic;- for Antarctica, a quantity of freshwater equivalent to a global sea level rise of 3m is released off its western part.These continuous water inputs are prescribed from 2020 to 2070.This study showed that the oceanic and atmospheric impacts of a partial melting of Greenland are stronger on the global climate, and particularly on monsoons, than those associated with the melting of West Antarctica, probably due to the effect of the circumpolar current. Subsequently, only scenarios considering a partial melting of Greenland were used to study their impacts on malaria. Simulated and/or observed temperature and precipitation were used to drive mathematical models of malaria transmission risk. Five mathematical malaria models were used. An accelerated melting of Greenland leads to a southward shift of the American and African monsoons. Malaria risk increases in southern Africa, decreases in the Sahel and increases moderately on the East African Plateau.For the study of RVF, the Liverpool Rift Valley Fever (LVRF) model was validated at country scale by comparing simulations driven by observed daily temperatures and rainfall from climate reanalyses with different health data sets. Then, a potential correlation between simulated RVF transmission risk and the main regional climate variability modes (ENSO and DMI) is shown over the Rift African region. The model correctly reproduces RVF epidemics in Kenya, Somalia and Zambia, and to a lesser extent in Senegal and Mauritania. RVF risk increases over the epidemic areas in East Africa during the El Niño phenomenon
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Régions polaires"
CANOBBIO, Éric. "Entre réchauffement et mondialisation, repenser l’Arctique au coeur d’un système d’enjeux". En Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 45–72. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch3.
Texto completoPongérard-Payet, Hélène. "Le soutien de l’Union européenne à l’adaptation au changement climatique dans les régions ultrapériphériques à l’échelle de La Réunion". En Quel droit pour l’adaptation des territoires aux changements climatiques ?, 43–61. DICE Éditions, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.dice.4017.
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