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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Détection"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Détection"
Kamga, Eléonore, André Kamga, Fritz Tabi Oben, Eléazar Tchemtchoua y Georges Etame Kossi. "Culture du café robusta (Coffea canephora): risques liés à la variabilité et au changement climatique dans le bassin de production du Moungo, Littoral-Cameroun". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, n.º 1 (8 de junio de 2022): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i1.30.
Texto completoHallouz, Faiza, Mohamed Meddi y Gil Mahe. "Modification du régime hydroclimatique dans le bassin de l’Oued Mina (nord-ouest d’Algérie)". Revue des sciences de l’eau 26, n.º 1 (18 de marzo de 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014917ar.
Texto completoRees, EE, V. Ng, P. Gachon, A. Mawudeku, D. McKenney, J. Pedlar, D. Yemshanov, J. Parmely y J. Knox. "Stratégie d’évaluation des risques servant à la détection précoce et à la prédiction des éclosions de maladies infectieuses associées aux changements climatiques". Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 45, n.º 5 (2 de mayo de 2019): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v45i05a02f.
Texto completoPennonber, Gwenaëlle. "Vers une cartographie des trajectoires des communautés récifales en réponse aux perturbations : approche du blanchissement corallien sur l'Ile de la Réunion". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n.º 197 (22 de abril de 2014): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2012.86.
Texto completoBenmoussa, Amroumoussa, Amina Wafik, Abdessamad Najine, Raji Abdletife y Sahar Khrmouch. "Etude Comparative des Différentes Méthodes d'Estimation de l'Evapotranspiration en Zone Semi-Aride (cas Plaine Tadla Maroc)". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n.º 40 (31 de octubre de 2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n40p74.
Texto completoSoubeyroux, Jean-Michel, Brigitte Dubuisson, Patrick Josse, Mathieu Régimbeau, Aurélien Ribes y Matthieu Sorel. "Changement climatique et extrêmes récents dans l’Est de la France". Revue forestière française 74, n.º 2 (23 de junio de 2023): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2023.7588.
Texto completoCariou, Jean-Pierre y Ludovic Thobois. "Détection et analyse automatique des aérosols atmosphériques par lidar infrarouge". Photoniques, n.º 97 (julio de 2019): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/20199730.
Texto completoHoang, Cong-Tuan, Iouli Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer y Shaun Lovejoy. "Caractéristiques multifractales et extrêmes de la précipitation à haute résolution, application à la détection du changement climatique". Revue des sciences de l’eau 27, n.º 3 (15 de diciembre de 2014): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027806ar.
Texto completoRenard, Benjamin. "Détection et prise en compte d’éventuels impacts du changement climatique sur les extrêmes hydrologiques en France". La Houille Blanche, n.º 1 (febrero de 2008): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb:2008012.
Texto completoGarba, Issa, Sanoussi Abdou Amadou, Boubacar Barry y Souleymane Ouedraogo. "Suivi des feux de brousse en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Sahel, un outil d’aide à la décision". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, n.º 6 (23 de febrero de 2022): 2636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i6.30.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Détection"
Ribes, Aurélien. "Détection statistique des changements climatiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439861.
Texto completoJézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055.
Texto completoExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Pfister, Laurent. "Analyse spatio-temporelle du fonctionnement hydro-climatologique du bassin versant de l'Alzette (Grand-duché de Luxembourg) : Détection des facteurs climatiques, anthropiques et physiogéographiques générateurs de crues et d'inondations". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE05.
Texto completoDeroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066578.pdf.
Texto completoThe research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Bone, Constantin. "Détection et attribution du changement climatique à l’aide de réseaux de neurones". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS510.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we focus on the development of new methods to address the issue of climate change detection and attribution. Climate is subject to two types of variability: variability arising from internal processes and variability arising from interactions between the different components of climate (land, oceans, atmosphere and cryosphere). This variability is called internal variability. A second source of variability is the so-called "forced" variability, due to the effect of forcings, which are elements outside the climate system that can affect it. The various forcings are greenhouse gases, natural or anthropogenic aerosols, land use, etc. Detecting and attributing climate change aims to distinguish the effects of internal climate variability from forced variability, and also to break down the latter by giving the relative influence of each forcing. This problem is fraught with difficulties, such as the relatively short temporal length of observations and the uncertainty of forced variability modelled in climate models. To this end, we are developing new methods based on the use of neural networks. Artificial intelligence is in fact a tool that has not yet been applied to this problem, making it possible to make effective use of data from simulations of a large number of climate models as well as observations. We have developed and applied two methods to the surface air temperature field, respectively separating internal and forced variability, and attributing the observed global surface temperature to different groups of forcings. The first of these methods for separating internal from forced variability is called "Noise to Noise" and is based on the literature of artificial intelligence image restoration. The three-dimensional field (time, latitude and longitude) of surface temperature simulations or observations is compared with a three-dimensional image. The internal variability is compared to a kind of noise similar to that found on images, in addition to the forced variability associated with the "real image". We have therefore used a neural network denoising methodology created for images, which we are adapting to our climate problem. The second of these methods aims to attribute the effect of three groups of forcings (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols and natural forcings). It's a method drawn from explainable artificial intelligence called inverse optimization. It consists in finding the input of a trained neural network that corresponds to a given output result. This is done using a gradient descent method, by minimizing a cost function measuring the difference between the desired output and the output obtained. We use a convolutional neural network trained using global surface temperature outputs from historical climate model simulations. The purpose of the CNN is to reproduce the global surface temperature changes due to the ensemble of forcings, using as input the temperature changes due to the individual effect of the forcings. Once the network has been trained and its weights and biases fixed, an inverse optimization method, modified to better match the problem, is used. These two methods are implemented for the surface temperature variable over the historical period and their results are compared with those obtained with reference methods
Coulombe, Sébastien. "Détermination de l'incertitude associée à la détection de l'effet des changements climatiques sur le rendrement des strates d'épinette noire de la forêt boréale". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26575/26575.pdf.
Texto completoCoulombe, Sébastien. "Détermination de l'incertitude associée à la détection de l'effet des changements climatiques sur le rendement des strates d'épinette noire de la forêt boréale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21095.
Texto completoCorre, Lola. "Évolution récente des océans tropicaux : le rôle de l'influence humaine". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1673/.
Texto completoDue to its high heat capacity, the ocean integrates the surface fluxes, producing high signal-to-noise ratio at decadal and longer timescales. On the contrary, long-term changes in atmospheric variables are difficult to measure due to the atmosphere high variability on short timescales. Looking at oceanic variables is thus interesting in order to successfully detect a response to the anthropogenic climate change. This manuscript further examines recent upper ocean temperature and surface ocean salinity changes. As 80% of the excess heat caused by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, over the last decades, has accumulated in the ocean, the rate of ocean warming is one of the best indicators of the Earth's energy imbalance. Surface ocean salinity provides Nature's largest possible rain gauge and can be efficiently used as an indicator of the changing marine water cycle. Detection methods are applied to assess whether a human influence can be detected in the recent observed changes
Jézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055/document.
Texto completoExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Hopuare, Marania. "Changement climatique en Polynésie française détection des changements observés, évaluation des projections". Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0007/document.
Texto completoThe effects of climate change on Pacific islands is a major concern for the local populations. The rainfall parameter, specifically, appears as one of the sensitive parameters, as it determines water resources. The goal of this thesis is to bring a first insight into the 21st century evolution of precipitation in Tahiti.The first step was to characterize rainfall in Tahiti using data records from the observation network of Meteo France. The “rainfall season”, lasting from November to April, is the season of interest, as rainfall amounts are the highest at this time of the year. Indeed, the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), host of deep convection, remains the principal source of rainfall in Tahiti in austral summer (December-January-February). On interannual and interdecadal timescales, the El niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) imply north/south and east/west migrations of the SPCZ, drawing it away, or closer to Tahiti. The positive phase of the IPO involves a north-eastward displacement of the SPCZ, which causes higher rainfall amounts in Tahiti. The SPCZ is displaced towards the south- west during negative IPO phase, leading to a decrease of rainfall in Tahiti. The study reveals that the IPO positive phase favor the occurrence of intense El niño events. In those cases, the SPCZ is critically displaced to the north-east and lies zonally just south of the equator. Accordingly, the SPCZ is drawn away from Tahiti and alters the south-east flow of trade winds. As a result, substantial orographic precipitation affect the south-east coasts of Tahiti.Following the assessment of observed precipitation for the period 1961-2011, an original method has been set up to obtain a model able to resolve the island and capture the orographic effects at best. Two successive downscaling steps have been necessary to get the limited area model ALADIN-Climat over Tahiti (at the resolution of 12 km), starting from the global coupled model CNRM-CM with a resolution of 150 km. The regional model outputs have been compared to the observed records over the historical period. A linkage between observed and modeled precipitation has been defined. This linkage has been built between meteorological stations and model grid cells exhibiting similar behaviour regarding the phases of ENSO. It has been assumed that this linkage is still relevant in the 21st century. In this way, future precipitation in Tahiti, as realistic as possible, are deduced from modeled precipitation (at 12 km of resolution), following two IPCC scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The El niño-like spatial structure of global warming further confirms the relevance of the linkage built previously. The results obtained concern the southern coasts of Tahiti. Rainfall would gradually increase along the 21st century, as a consequence of global warming. In Papara, the austral summer mean rainfall height is 695 mm over the period 1961-2011. The mean value, for the period 2070-2100, would be 825 mm for the scenario RCP4.5 and 814 mm for the scenario RCP8.5, let say an increase of a little less than 20%. Superimposed to this long-range raise, El niño events would induce an excess of rainfall. This effect would be reduced at the end of the 21st century in RCP8.5. Conversely, La niña events would always involve a decline of rainfall, but would not succeed in counteracting the long-range increase