Literatura académica sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Arctique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Arctique"
Allard, Michel y Maurice K.-Seguin. "Le pergélisol au Québec nordique : bilan et perspectives". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, n.º 1 (18 de diciembre de 2007): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032671ar.
Texto completoChamberlain, Erika. "THE CROWN’S FIDUCIARY DUTIES TO ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AS AN ASPECT OF CLIMATE JUSTICE". Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 30, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2012): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v30i2.4378.
Texto completoGilbert, Hélène y Serge Payette. "Écologie des populations d’aulne vert (Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh) à la limite des forêts, Québec nordique". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 36, n.º 1-2 (29 de noviembre de 2007): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032472ar.
Texto completoJaffré, Mikaël, Alastair Franke, Alexandre Anctil, Philippe Galipeau, Erik Hedlin, Vincent Lamarre, Vincent L’Hérault et al. "Écologie de la reproduction du faucon pèlerin au Nunavut". Oiseaux de proie diurnes 139, n.º 1 (3 de diciembre de 2014): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027671ar.
Texto completoGendreau, Yanick, Audrey Lachance, Marylène Ricard, Hélène Gilbert, Nicolas Casajus y Dominique Berteaux. "Changements climatiques : défis et perspectives pour les plantes vasculaires en situation précaire au Québec". Botanique 142, n.º 1 (22 de noviembre de 2017): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042011ar.
Texto completoAssani, Ali A., Francis Lajoie, Marie-Ève Vadnais y Guillaume Beauchamp. "Analyse de l’influence de l’oscillation Arctique sur la variabilité interannuelle des précipitations dans le bassin versant de la rivière Saint-François (Québec, Canada) au moyen de la méthode des corrélations canoniques". Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2008): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017928ar.
Texto completoBaudu, Hervé. "La maritimisation de l’Arctique : réalité et perspectives". Questions internationales 95-96, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2019): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/quin.095.0152.
Texto completoGreenwood, Nigel. "Canada’s Pacific Gateway to the Arctic". Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 31, n.º 4 (19 de julio de 2022): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.916.
Texto completoGosse, John C., Ashley P. Ballantyne, Joel D. Barker, Adam Z. Csank, Tamara L. Fletcher, George W. Grant, David R. Greenwood, Ross D. E. MacPhee y Natalia Rybczynski. "PoLAR-FIT: Pliocene Landscapes and Arctic Remains—Frozen in Time". Geoscience Canada 44, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2017.44.116.
Texto completoGagné, Karine. "Climat". Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.110.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Arctique"
Doiron, Madeleine. "Impacts des changements climatiques sur les relations plantes-herbivores dans l'Arctique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25487.
Texto completoWhen species at different trophic levels respond to climate change at different rates, this may lead to a trophic mismatch between the phenology of consumers and that of their resources. As polar regions are warming more rapidly than the rest of the planet, migratory birds breeding in the Arctic are expected to be among the species most affected by trophic mismatch in the wake of rapid climate change. This study examines the impact of climate warming on the interactions between an arctic herbivore, the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), and its food plants on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. Using small greenhouses, we examined the impact of increased temperatures on plant biomass and a proxy of nutritive quality, nitrogen concentration, of graminoid plants used by geese during the brood-rearing period. This experiment showed that annual warming significantly increased biomass of graminoids but also led to an acceleration of the seasonal decline in plant nutritive quality and resulted in a decrease in the nitrogen concentration of plants by up to 14% during the period of gosling growth. We also showed that satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used as a proxy to determine date of peak nitrogen concentration in some tundra plants, and can thus be a reliable measure of the early changes in the timing of the availability of high quality food for herbivores. Using NDVI, we were then able to estimate the date of peak nitrogen in years when we had no empirical data on plant phenology. Finally, we analysed long-term data on climate, plant phenology and the reproduction of geese in order to examine the potential impact of mismatched reproduction on the growth of young. We found that geese are only partially able to adjust their breeding phenology to compensate for annual changes in the timing of high quality food plants, and that gosling body mass and structural size at fledging was reduced when trophic mismatch was high. Our results support the hypothesis that trophic mismatch can negatively affect the fitness of arctic herbivores, and that it is likely to be exacerbated by rising global temperatures.
Veillette, Julie. "Stucture et dynamique d'écosystèmes aquatiques côtiers du haut Arctique comme sentinelles de changements environnementaux". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27290/27290.pdf.
Texto completoDegeorges, Damien. "Le rôle du Groënland dans les enjeux de l'Arctique". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D014.
Texto completoThe strengthened interest for the Arctic region, due to the consequences of climate change, coincides with the emergence of Greenland on the Arctic and international scenes. At the intersection of American and European interests in the region, Greenland, a self-ruled territory four times the size of France and inhabited by about 57,000 persons, forms part of a specific debate which is of an evolutionary nature and goes beyond the regional context. Stronger autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark is bringing Greenland closer to possible independence, generating growing interest amongst the international community. Greenland, due to its huge icecap, its natural resources, particularly an enormous potential in Rare Earth Elements, and a location at the centre of the Arctic, new frontier of international relations, assumes a strategic dimension. The territory appears as a key issue for developments in the Arctic region and for global challenges such as adaptation to climate change and energy security in the context of an economy expected to become lowcarbon. Greenland’s state-building, between the desire for independence soon and a pragmatic approach, appears as a central issue to define the role of Greenland in the Arctic. Particularly given the territory’s strategic resources, Greenland’s state-building process may become a major security issue if it goes too fast. In case of economic difficulties, assistance to a Greenlandic state from a state willing to position or strengthen its presence in the region may have consequences for developments in the Arctic and global energy security
Potier, Hugo. "Major and trace elements in the changing Arctic environment : interactions between C-N-Mo-V biogeochemical cycles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS094.pdf.
Texto completoClimate change is deeply affecting the functioning of Arctic ecosystems through increases in temperature and precipitation in these environments. In particular, the increase in primary productivity resulting from the lifting of thermal and hydric constraints on plant growth, coupled with changes in the nature of the plant cover and the thawing of permafrost, is likely to induce significant constraints on the biogeochemical cycles of elements composing organic matter, especially carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). An important lever to reduce nitrogen limitation of plant growth could be to increase the flux of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a microbial process that requires, among other elements, molybdenum (Mo) or vanadium (V). The abundance of these two trace elements may thus limit the availability of nitrogen and, therefore, the plant growth in those ecosystems. The aim of this research work is to improve our understanding of the interactions between the biogeochemical cycles of major (C, N) and trace (Mo, V) elements in these environments. It explores the potential of using stoichiometric data collected in subarctic habitats with contrasting plant and soil characteristics of the Abisko region (northern Sweden). The quantification of elemental stocks in aboveground biomass and soils highlighted the importance of variations in plant community composition for the distribution of these stocks in biomass compartments with different dynamics, as well as the relatively weak links in elemental stocks between aboveground biomass and soils. Considering several processes potentially involved in soil surface enrichment of Mo and V, both elements have distinct behaviours in light of the respective contribution of lithogenic and biological influences and the role of physicochemical conditions for their mobility. A modelling approach highlighted the strong links between N, Mo and V in soil stoichiometry and suggested that organic soils have a relatively important nitrogen-fixing activity. The results of this thesis highlight the strong interaction between major and trace elements, their expected modifications as induced by changes in vegetation in the Arctic, and the potential limitation of BNF by the availability of Mo and V. These results call for a more detailed characterisation of the bioavailability of these trace elements to microbial communities combined with measurements focusing on the BNF process in order to further explore these limitations. Finally, this work points out the need to continue exploring the interaction of biogeochemical cycles of major and trace elements for the future of Arctic ecosystems
Morrissette-Boileau, Clara. "Dynamique de deux espèces arbustives de la toundra arctique en réponse aux changements climatiques et au broutement du caribou migrateur". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27785.
Texto completoGeneralized shrub expansion has been observed over the circumpolar Arctic in response to climate change. This phenomenon is causing major alterations to the biotic and abiotic environments, a consequence of the increased shrub growth in height. We characterised tundra shrub species dynamics in response to climate change and migratory caribou browsing. To do so, we evaluated dominant erect shrub species dynamics and tested experimentally how shrub responds to these disturbances, using Betula glandulosa as model species. Our results show that shrub cover in Deception Bay is mainly driven by B. glandulosa, a species with increasing recruitment since early 2000s. However, it seems that this species’ vertical structure remains low which might not modify the biotic and abiotic environment normally associated with shrub expansion. We also showed experimentally that increase in shrub growth is a result of enhanced soil nitrogen fertility, a proxy of increase microbiological activity in response to global warming. Moreover, we demonstrated that caribou browsing has a negative cumulative effect on B. glandulosa growth. Thus, we showed in this study that shrub expansion is rather limited in Deception Bay and might be slowed down by the combined effects of harsh climatic conditions and herbivores. Moreover, our study stressed that herbivores must be taken into account when predicting vegetation change in the tundra.
Racine, Calypso. "Écologie des foraminifères benthiques en domaine arctique dans un contexte de changements climatiques : cas des mers de Chukchi, Barents et Baffin". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0008/document.
Texto completoBenthic foraminifera are widely used in oceanography as paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental bio-indicators due to their presence in all marine environments, their sensitivity to environmental changes and their great capacity to fossilize. However, the use of benthic foraminifera as paleoenvironmental proxies requires a good knowledge of the ecological conditions and the parameters controlling species distribution. Although knowledges about the ecology of benthic foraminifera are improving, they remain sporadic in Arctic area, a complex ecosystem characterized by multiple interactions between the atmosphere, the ocean and the cryosphere and particularly sensitive to change and vulnerable to global warming. Temperatures in the Arctic have risen twice as fast as the global average over the past decades, a phenomenon that has been dubbed the “polar amplification of global warming”. In this context, this thesis aims at better understanding the ecology of living benthic foraminifera in Arctic regions and at defining the importance of environmental controls on fauna such as water mass properties, primary productivity, organic matter flux as well as sea-ice dynamics. Living benthic foraminifera were identified in the first centimetres of 21 surface sediment cores collected in three Arctic areas during summer in 2014 and 2015: Baffin Bay and the Barents and Chukchi Seas. These three regions present specific characteristics in terms of sea-ice cover, water mass circulation or primary productivity. Our results suggest that these factors influence the distribution of benthic foraminifera. The flux of organic matter resulting from primary productivity intensified during spring and summer periods near hydrographic polar fronts, sea-ice edges (marginal ice zones) and in the north water polynya (Baffin Bay) increases the fauna’s densities and diversity and favours the development of specific species. Nonionellina labradorica in cold Arctic waters and Cassidulina neoteretis associated with Atlantic waters respond to fresh supply of organic matter while Melonis barleeanus is found in environment rich in degraded organic matter. In deeper oligotrophic environments, Oridorsalis tenerus is a ubiquitous species associated with Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi on the west continental margin of Barents Sea and Ioanella tumidula in the deeper basin in the north of the Chukchi Sea. Physical and chemical water mass properties also affect the distribution of living benthic foraminifera. In the Baffin Bay and the continental shelf of the Chukchi Sea, corrosive waters lead to carbonate dissolution, favouring the dominance of agglutinated species. This thesis hence contributes to calibrate the benthic foraminifera to their environment and to improve their application as paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental proxies in the Arctic. Finally, a preliminary study about fossil benthic foraminifera in three cores of Barents Sea allowed to show variations of environmental conditions during the last two centuries
Ouellet, Félix. "Spatialisation du modèle de couvert nival SNOWPACK dans le Nord canadien pour l’étude de l’accès à la nourriture du caribou de Peary". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8899.
Texto completoNicolle, Marie. "Variabilités hydro-climatiques multi-décennales à pluri-séculaires en Arctique-subarctique depuis 2000 ans". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR129/document.
Texto completoThe temperature increase during the 1850-2012 period is not uniform globally and the Arctic is warming twice as much as the average. However, the short time coverage of instrumental data makes it difficult to distinguish natural climate variability and anthropogenic forcing. The study of climatic variability "free" of human influence requires the use of proxies data measured in continental and marine palaeoclimatic archives. In the Arctic-subarctic region, high resolution records have been centralized in the Arctic 2k PAGES database. The objectives of this work are to improve the characterization and interpretation of climatic variability over the last 2000 years, going beyond the millennial trend and the major climatic periods, but also by focusing on the role and spatial expression of the internal variability of the climate system. This thesis is based on the Arctic 2k PAGES database, which allows the study of temperature variations in the Arctic-subarctic region, as well as a new database to reconstruct hydroclimatic variations (precipitation and humidity) in the region and created during this study. The use of climate signal analysis methods on regional records calculated from these two databases has highlighted climate variability in the Arctic-subarctic region from the multi-decadal to millennial scales.In particular, multi-decadal variability is related to the internal variability of the climate system. The hydroclimatic and temperature variations expressed at multi-decadal scales in the region are characterized by frequencies specific to regional climate oscillations (North Atlantic oscillation and decadal Pacific oscillation), particularly over the last 200 years. The work done on the temperature database and the reflection on the creation and exploitation of the hydroclimatic database have also led to the definition of a working methodology with a palaeoclimatic database, from its construction to the definition of its limits, in particular in terms of the spatial representability of the series contained in the database and the assimilation of data with different seasonings
Bélanger, Simon. "Impacts des changements climatiques sur les flux de carbone stimulés par la lumière dans l'Océan Arctique : quantification et suivi de la photo-oxydation de la matière organique dissoute dans la Mer de Beaufort par télédection spatiale". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066520.
Texto completoPhotochemical oxidation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and the resulting production of CO2, is now known to be a significant process in the cycling of carbon in the ocean-atmosphere system. One environment where that process may play a major role in the context of climate change is the Arctic ocean because of: 1) the increasing amount of terrestrial CDOM released by the melting permafrost and brought to coastal ocean by rivers, 2) the decreasing summer ice cover that allows more solar radiation to penetrate the water column, and 3) the continuing increase in UV radiation over that region. A coupled optical-photochemical model was used to assess the role of photooxidation in the carbon cycle of the Arctic Ocean. To calculate the photoproduction of CO2 (PDIC), the incoming spectral irradiance, including UV, was modeled with a radiative transfer model that uses satellite observations of sea ice, ozone, aerosols and cloud cover covering the 1979 to 2004 period. In situ determinations of the apparent quantum yield for the photoproduction of CO2 made in the Beaufort Sea were used for the calculations. A key parameter in the model was the contribution of CDOM to the total absorption coefficient. It was either obtained from in situ measurements or derived from Ocean Color imagery using a new empirical algorithm. Unlike most semi-analytical approaches found in the literature, the proposed empirical algorithm provides a mean to separate CDOM absorption coefficient from nonalgal particles absorption coefficient at the regional scale. The use of Ocean Color remote sensing at high latitude is, however, compromised by the presence of sea ice that contaminates the data. This problem was addressed in the present study, and a method was proposed to detect and eliminate contaminated pixels. Finally, it was shown that the level of PDIC is similar to the level of sequestered rates of organic carbon in the ocean sediments, which was produced through marine photosynthesis; and that the increase in UV and decrease in summer sea ice over the last 26 years have led to an increased in PDIC by about 15%. These results indicate that the predicted trend of ongoing contraction of sea ice cover will greatly accelerate the photomineralization of CDOM in Arctic surface waters
Gagnon, Samuel. "Changements climatiques et interactions écologiques affectant le pergélisol et l'activité des coins de glace dans la vallée de la rivière Narsajuaq, Nunavik (Canada)". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66305.
Texto completoTo determine the direct impact of climate change on ice-wedge dynamics and the permafrost thermal regime, 16 study sites in the Narsajuaq river valley (Nunavik, Canada) that were extensively studied for ice wedge between 1989 and 1991 were revisited between 2016 and 2018. Observations and measurements show that over the last 25 years, the ice wedges of the Narsajuaq river valley have experienced an unprecedented degradation of their upgrowth forms, resulting in a generalized deepening of their main stages due to the active layer reaching depths 1.2 to 3.4 times greater than in 1991. The thermal regime of the four main soil types identified (thin sandy peat, thick sandy peat, thick peat, fluvial sands) in the valley was modelled to reproduce permafrost temperature changes since 1990 and predict active layer thickness until 2100. In recent decades, ice wedges of all soil types have been active, cracking almost every year except in 2010, the warmest year on record. For the rest of the 21st century, simulations predict a complete cessation of soil cracking between 2020 and 2095 depending on the soil type, soil cracking threshold and the selected climate scenarios. However, based on the interannual variability of the climate in the region, it is very likely that ice wedges will stop cracking over the next 20-30 years. The active layer reached a record depth in 2010, then moved up with recent cooling. It is expected that the active layer will deepen sufficiently in the next few decades to cause widespread ice-wedge degradation, leaving only fossil ice-wedge roots deep in permafrost by the end of the century. This thesis also suggests a new approach to improve estimates of carbon stocks in Arctic permafrost based on image analysis of surface geology and landforms, as well as on the reconstitution of the geological history of Arctic permafrost landscapes. There is a strong connection between landscape features and surficial geology on the one hand, and carbon stocks as organic matter in soils on the other.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Changements climatiques – Arctique"
Lasserre, Frédéric. "Changements climatiques dans l’Arctique:". En Passages et mers arctiques, 11–32. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgt18.8.
Texto completoLasserre, Frédéric. "Changements climatiques dans l’Arctique". En Passages et mers arctiques, 11–32. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9782760525627-005.
Texto completoMERCIER, Denis. "Le changement climatique à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales". En Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 5–24. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch1.
Texto completoPelletier, Sébastien y Caroline Desbiens. "Changements climatiques et communautés inuit". En Passages et mers arctiques, 185–222. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgt18.17.
Texto completoPelletier, Sébastien y Caroline Desbiens. "Changements climatiques et communautés inuit". En Passages et mers arctiques, 185–222. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9782760525627-013.
Texto completoCANOBBIO, Éric. "Entre réchauffement et mondialisation, repenser l’Arctique au coeur d’un système d’enjeux". En Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 45–72. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch3.
Texto completoMERCIER, Denis. "Le changement climatique et la fonte de la cryosphère". En Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 25–44. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch2.
Texto completoChaux, Caroline. "Le Conseil de l’Arctique sous hautes tensions". En Annuaire français de relations internationales, 855–67. Éditions Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/epas.ferna.2023.01.0855.
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