Literatura académica sobre el tema "Cervical outline"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Cervical outline"
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Elmatri, Houssein H. y Nabeia A. Gheryani. "Head and neck infection, clinicopathological outline". International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, n.º 2 (25 de enero de 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20220136.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the antimicrobial drugs, a significant percentage of head and neck infection still can be recorded, this study try to identify the causes of recorded cases of head and neck infection in antibiotics era by focusing on the clinical presentation and the predisposing factors. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology in university of Benghazi including 84 patients who were diagnosed as head and neck infection. Clinical data, risk factors and managements were discussed in this study. </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The 84 patients with deep cervical infection were studied. The mean age of our patients was 33 years, most of them were males. Some had other co-diseases. Their main complains was severe throat pain. The most common space involved was peritonsillar space and the most common source of infection was tonsillar infection. Only third of the cases showed positive culture results. The most common organism cultured was <em>Staphylococci</em>. The range of hospital stay was 4-11 days. There was no mortality in our series of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cervical infection is associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality specially in immune-compromised patients, therefore early detection of the disease followed by quick and appropriate management are life-saving measurements. All patients need early broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and most of them need different surgical intervention. As bad oral hygiene, smoking and low immunity are the major risk factors for neck infection, education of the community, especially in rural area, is required.</p>
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Dahlan, Rully Hanafi, Sevline Estethia Ompusunggu y Farid Yudoyono. "Cervical Spine Trauma Management". Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 1, n.º 2 (7 de agosto de 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/nsmc.v1i2.92.
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The incidence of spine injury following accidents are still very high in developing countries. Many problems occur after the accident including primary intervention on the scene, transportation to the public primary hospital, the referral system, and finally, the management at the central hospital.Cervical spinal cord injuries represent 20-33% of total spinal injuries with the prevalence of the subaxial levels. In patients with a preoperative neurological deficit due to spine trauma, in case of spinal cord compression or instability, surgery is often the treatment of choice to grant a chance of neurological recovery, early mobilization, and faster return to usual daily activities compared to the conservative treatment. In the past, many authors suggested a delayed surgical treatment to reduce postoperative complications rate, but recent studies have shown that an early decompression (<72 h) may facilitate a postoperative neurological improvement probably due to the prevention of the secondary mechanisms of damage in acute SCI.In the context of the advanced management of spinal injuries, the main points of the focused assessment, the important waypoints of a full classification of the skeletal and spinal cord injury, the principles of early prioritization and decision making, the outline of the surgical strategy including indications, timing, approaches, technique and post-operative care, and the outline principles of rehabilitation. The authors in this paper try to summarize and create a guideline of management, based on experience in a regional centre.
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Novak, Vesna, Ivan Stefanovic, Aleksandar Kostic, Misa Radisavljevic, Martin Novak, Boban Jelenkovic y Luka Berilazic. "Cervical epidural hematoma: Case report". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, n.º 9-10 (2014): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1410589n.
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Introduction. Cervical epidural hematoma is a rare phenomenon in children. MRI scan of the cervical spine is the method of choice in establishing diagnosis and a quick evacuation of hematoma and decompression. Case Outline. We present a case of 11-year-old boy whose lower extremities were paralysed after a trivial injury of the cervical spine which he sustained while playing. Seven days after the injury, severe clinical symptoms appeared, and MRI of the spine showed the presence of cervical epidural hematoma. Conclusion. Cervical epidural hematoma in children is very rare. Adequate neurological examination, diagnostics and urgent surgical intervention are of paramount importance for accomplishing good results. Early and persistent rehabilitation are the condition for achieving maximal recovery.
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Powell, Melanie E. B. "Modern Radiotherapy and Cervical Cancer". International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 20, Suppl 2 (septiembre de 2010): S49—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/igc.0b013e3181f7b241.
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For most cervical cancers, radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. The introduction of concurrent chemotherapy to radiation at the end of the 20th century led to a significant improvement in disease survival. Now, techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, which allow a high degree of conformity to the tumor, offer the opportunity to further improve outcome by reducing treatment-related toxicity and also to potentially improve local control by an increase in tumor dose.This review will outline the history and current state of play of cervical radiotherapy.
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Radulovic, Danilo, Ljiljana Vujotic, Irena Cvrkota, Vojislav Bogosavljevic y Igor Jovanovic. "Spontaneous regression of cervical disc herniation in a patient with myelopathy". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, n.º 7-8 (2018): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170504023r.
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Introduction. The aim of this work was to present a rare case of spontaneous regression of a herniated cervical disc in a patient with myelopathy. Case outline. A 31-year-old women presented with two weeks? history of neck pain associated with numbness in her body and all four extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showed a large posterior medial disc extrusion at the C5?C6 spinal segment, causing myelopathy. The patient refused discectomy that was recommended. She received symptomatic treatment in the form of analgesics, a muscle relaxant, and a hard cervical collar. A follow-up MRI of the cervical spine, performed after 11 months, revealed almost complete regression of disc herniation. The patient?s symptoms subsided completely after one year. Conclusion. In some cases of cervical disc herniation with myelopathy, especially in patients with mild neurological deficit, symptomatic therapy should be considered.
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Swain, Amlan, Seelora Sahu y Bhanu Swain. "Cervical spine movement during intubation". Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 04, n.º 04 (febrero de 2017): S76—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnacc-jnacc-65.16.
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AbstractThere have been growing concerns following documented instances of neurological deterioration in patients with cervical spine injury as a result of intubation. A significant body of evidence has since evolved with the primary objective of ascertaining the safest way of securing the endotracheal tube in patients with suspected and proven cervical injury. The search for a mode of intubation producing the least movement at the cervical spine is an ongoing process and is limited by logistic and ethical issues. The ensuing review is an attempt to review available evidence on cervical movements during intubation and to comprehensively outline the movement at the cervical spine with a wide plethora of intubation aids. Literature search was sourced from digital libraries including PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar in addition to the standard textbooks of Anaesthesiology. The keywords used in literature search included ‘cervical spine motion,’ ‘neurological deterioration,’ ‘intubation biomechanics,’ ‘direct laryngoscopy,’ ‘flexible fibreoptic intubation,’ ‘video laryngoscopes’ and ‘craniocervical motion.’ The scientific information in this review is expected to assist neuroanaesthesiologists for planning airway management in patients with neurological injury as well as to direct further research into this topic which has significant clinical and patient safety implications.
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Wadhwa, Rachna, Pragati Ganjoo, Pallavi Ahluwalia y Daljit Singh. "Delayed esophageal perforation after cervical spine surgery: A lesser known devil". Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2021): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.029.
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Theanteriorapproach to the cervical spine is commonly utilized for a variety of degenerative, neoplastic, traumatic, and infectious indications. The distinctive anatomy of the anterior neck presents a unique set of hazards. We encountered a case of delayed esophageal perforation after cervical spine surgery, who presented to us forty-two days post-surgery. Although, timely detection and management of esophageal perforation has a good prognosis, associated vascular complications added on to airway management challenges. We outline the issues with diagnosis and key aspects of airway management in this patient.
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Leonetti, John P., W. Scott Jellish, Patricia Warf y Elizabeth Hudson. "Intraoperative Vagal Nerve Monitoring". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 75, n.º 8 (agosto de 1996): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139607500807.
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A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms occur in the superior cervical neck, parapharyngeal space or the infratemporal fossa. The surgical resection of these lesions may result in postoperative iatrogenic injury to the vagus nerve with associated dysfunctional swallowing and airway protection. Anatomic and functional preservation of this critical cranial nerve will contribute to a favorable surgical outcome. Fourteen patients with tumors of the cervical neck or adjacent skull base underwent intraoperative vagal nerve monitoring in an attempt to preserve neural integrity following tumor removal. Of the 11 patients with anatomically preserved vagal nerves in this group, seven patients had normal vocal cord mobility following surgery and all 11 patients demonstrated normal vocal cord movement by six months. In an earlier series of 23 patients with tumors in the same region who underwent tumor resection without vagal nerve monitoring, 18 patients had anatomically preserved vagal nerves. Within this group, five patients had normal vocal cord movement at one month and 13 patients demonstrated normal vocal cord movement at six months. This paper will outline a technique for intraoperative vagal nerve monitoring utilizing transcricothyroid membrane placement of bipolar hook-wire electrodes in the vocalis muscle. Our results with the surgical treatment of cervical neck and lateral skull base tumors for patients with unmonitored and monitored vagal nerves will be outlined.
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Peng, Baogan. "Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cervical Vertigo". July 2015 18;4, n.º 4;18 (14 de julio de 2015): E583—E595. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2015/18/e583.
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Cervical vertigo is characterized by vertigo from the cervical spine. However, whether cervical vertigo is an independent entity still remains controversial. In this narrative review, we outline the basic science and clinical evidence for cervical vertigo according to the current literature. So far, there are 4 different hypotheses explaining the vertigo of a cervical origin, including proprioceptive cervical vertigo, Barré-Lieou syndrome, rotational vertebral artery vertigo, and migraine-associated cervicogenic vertigo. Proprioceptive cervical vertigo and rotational vertebral artery vertigo have survived with time. Barré-Lieou syndrome once was discredited, but it has been resurrected recently by increased scientific evidence. Diagnosis depends mostly on patients’ subjective feelings, lacking positive signs, specific laboratory examinations and clinical trials, and often relies on limited clinical experiences of clinicians. Neurological, vestibular, and psychosomatic disorders must first be excluded before the dizziness and unsteadiness in cervical pain syndromes can be attributed to a cervical origin. Treatment for cervical vertigo is challenging. Manual therapy is recommended for treatment of proprioceptive cervical vertigo. Anterior cervical surgery and percutaneous laser disc decompression are effective for the cervical spondylosis patients accompanied with BarréLiéou syndrome. As to rotational vertebral artery vertigo, a rare entity, when the exact area of the arterial compression is identified through appropriate tests such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) decompressive surgery should be the chosen treatment. Key words: Cervical vertigo, dizziness, whiplash injury, neck pain, cervical spondylosis, manual therapy, vestibular rehabilitation, vertebrobasilar insufficiency
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Virk, J. S., A. Majithia, R. K. Lingam y A. Singh. "Cervical osteophytes causing vocal fold paralysis: case report and literature review". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, n.º 9 (29 de junio de 2012): 963–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112001259.
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AbstractObjectives:To increase awareness of cervical osteophytes as an extremely rare cause of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy; to outline the clinical approach to patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and to provide an update on the current management of osteoarthritis and osteophytes.Case report:An elderly man presented with right unilateral vocal fold immobility and a small phonatory gap. By a diagnosis of exclusion, a cervical osteophyte at the level of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae was shown to be the cause. The patient responded to speech therapy and no further intervention was required.Method:A literature review, using Medline, identified only one previously published case of vocal fold paralysis due to osteophytes secondary to osteoarthritis.Conclusion:The aetiology of unilateral paralysis of the hemilarynx must be fully investigated, as the innervating system has a protracted course, particularly on the left side. Degenerative cervical spine disease, although rare, should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis.
Tesis sobre el tema "Cervical outline"
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BUTI, LAURA. "Nuove prospettive di indagine tassonomica di denti decidui usurati attraverso analisi di immagine e tecnologie tridimensionali". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/799880.
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Despite the general increase in digital techniques for dental morphometric analyses, only a few methods are available to study worn teeth. Moreover, permanent dentitions are studied much more frequently than deciduous teeth. In this study we address both issues by providing a taxonomic classification of Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars (dm2s) through the analysis of crown and cervical outlines. Crown and cervical outlines were obtained from a three-dimensional (3D) digital sample of uniformly oriented dm2s. Both outlines were centered on the centroid of their area and represented by 16 pseudolandmarks obtained by equiangularly spaced radial vectors out of the centroid. We removed size information from the oriented and centered outlines with a uniform scaling of the pseudolandmark configurations to unit Centroid Size. Group shape variation was evaluated separately for the dm2 crown and cervical outlines through a shape –
space principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) of a subset of principal components was used to classify the specimens. In addition, we selected a further sample of modern dm2s and we compared both crown outlines detected from occlusal photographic images and the same profile obtained by 3D digital models in order to assess whether the two procedures provide consistent results.
Our results demonstrate that both cervical and crown outline successfully separate the two groups. Crown Outline properly discriminates the 92% of individuals while cervical outline allows 96% of correct attribution. Neanderthals showed a buccodistal expansion and convex lingual outline shape, whilst modern humans have buccodistal reduction and straight lingual outline shape. Therefore, we confirmed that the cervical outline represents an effective parameter for distinguishing between the two taxa when dealing with worn or damaged dm2s. Finally, the results achieved with the outlines digitized on photographic images are consistent with those obtained by using 3D models, which stands up for the reproducibility of the photographic protocol, faster and cheaper than the one based on the 3D digital models.
Libros sobre el tema "Cervical outline"
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Sundström, Karin, Joakim Dillner y Hans-Olov Adami. Cervical Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676827.003.0017.
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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, with at least half a million women developing the disease each year. This chapter details the significance of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) as the main risk factor, and summarizes current knowledge on additional risk factors of significance including tobacco use, oral contraceptives, parity, and other sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. For other factors such as diet, BMI, and physical activity, impact on risk appears limited. The chapter outlines both the importance of cervical cytological screening in reducing the incidence of this cancer form and the latest prevention opportunities for the disease that have emerged since the realization of its infectious cause, namely, HPV vaccination and HPV-based screening. It also describes that access to these cervical cancer prevention strategies is as yet unequally distributed across the world, especially in those regions that may be in largest need.
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Reidler, Jay S., Amit Jain y A. Jay Khanna. Cervical Spine Trauma. Editado por Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries to the cervical spine. It describes key aspects of the history and physical examination when evaluating patients with suspected cervical spine injuries. Further, it outlines indications for applying cervical collars, steps involved in clearing/removing cervical collars, and recommendations for initial radiographic imaging. Neurologic injuries associated with cervical spine trauma, ranging from “stingers” to complete spinal cord injuries, are described. Common vertebral fracture and dislocation patterns are defined and organized to assist with diagnosis and treatment.
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Lee, Christoph I. Cervical Spine Imaging in Blunt Trauma Patients. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0010.
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This chapter, found in the back pain section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study examining the use of cervical spine imaging in blunt trauma patients. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. The study presents a set of five diagnostic criteria that approach 100% sensitivity for identifying clinically important cervical spine injuries and could eliminate one-eighth of all cervical spine radiographs ordered for these patients. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the study, a clinical vignette and imaging example are included in order to provide relevant clinical context.
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Lee, Christoph I. Cervical Spine Imaging in Alert and Stable Trauma Patients. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0011.
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This chapter, found in the back pain section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study validating the Canadian C-spine rule for imaging the cervical spine in alert and stable trauma patients. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. The study shows that the Canadian C-Spine Rule may be able to identify a large group of alert and stable adult trauma patients for whom cervical spine imaging is unnecessary. It may also help to standardize the appropriate use of cervical spine imaging in the emergency department. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the study, a clinical vignette and imaging example are included in order to provide relevant clinical context.
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne y Gareth Morris-Stiff. Head and neck cancers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0021.
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Outlines the epidemiology, aetiology, pathology and metastatic patterns of the common gynaecological diseases. Includes ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulval and trophoblastic cancers. Guides to diagnosis, staging and planning therapy. Outlines surgical, radiotherapy and chemotherapy options for both early stage and metastatic disease. Highlights the common dilemmas in planning therapy in women of child bearing potential and older women with concurrent illneses.
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Maza, Mauricio, Karla Alfaro, Julia C. Gage y Miriam Cremer. Adopting the PREVENTABLE Model. Editado por David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton y Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0030.
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The Cervical Cancer Prevention in El Salvador (CAPE) program completed a series of human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening demonstration projects that resulted in modification of screening guidelines and set the stage for national implementation of HPV primary screening. This chapter outlines the elements that contributed to the success of CAPE within a process of change model called PREVENTABLE. The model rests on two pillars, political will and evidence, which feed and complement one another. Recognizing political windows of opportunity and obtaining government commitment are crucial to support innovative programs and effect significant transformations. Simultaneously, convincing evidence motivates and channels political will. Thus, primary drivers of the model are research and evaluation of outcomes that reinforce the main pillars; secondary drivers are context dependent, including education, advocacy, negotiation, the legal framework, and budgetary constraints. The experiences from CAPE and PREVENTABLE provide possible blueprints to renovate existing paradigms of cancer control programs.
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Grant, Stuart A. y David B. Auyong. Upper Limb Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190231804.003.0002.
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This chapter describes the clinical anatomy and outlines the tools and techniques needed to perform upper extremity ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. The nerve blocks above the clavicle described here include the interscalene, dorsal scapular, suprascapular, cervical plexus, and supraclavicular blocks. Nerve blocks below the clavicle described here include the infraclavicular and axillary blocks and distal blocks at the wrist and elbow. For each nerve block, the indications, risks, and benefits of the varying approaches are described in detail. The chapter includes step-by-step instructions with illustrations, including cadaver dissections, to allow the operator to perform clinically effective and safe ultrasound-guided upper extremity regional anesthesia. At the conclusion of each block description, a “Pearls” segment highlights important tips gained from our clinical experience. This chapter provides the practitioner with thorough instruction and knowledge allowing optimal delivery of regional anesthesia for any upper extremity surgery or trauma.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Cervical outline"
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Todo, Yukiharu. "Outline of Surgery (Refer to Hysterectomy in Section of Cervical Cancer)". En Comprehensive Gynecology and Obstetrics, 247–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1519-0_16.
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Juarez, Paul D., Darryl B. Hood, Min-ae Song y Aramandla Ramesh. "Applying an Exposome-wide Association Study (ExWAS) Approach to Latino Cancer Disparities". En Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, 17–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_2.
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AbstractLatinos have higher incidence rates of cervical, gall bladder, liver, and gastric cancer, and higher mortality rates for six cancer sites than US Whites. This review chapter focuses on Latino cancer disparities, how the exposome can be applied to understanding Latino cancer disparities, and how environmental exposures lead to alterations in key biological pathways at the cellular, molecular, and system level, helping to explain the increased risk for population level cancer disparities among Latinos. An exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) approach is proposed as a novel conceptual framework to assess the role of multiple chemical and non-chemical exposures in the cause and progression of cancer among Latinos across the life course. Also discussed is how this strategy could be exploited by using biomarkers of susceptibility, exposure, and effect; and how a trans-omics approach, using recent advances in genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics, could be used to deploy new biomarkers that serve both prognostic and diagnostic purposes. Also outlined are the knowledge gaps and scope for future studies in this area with implications for public health and policy interventions.
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"Clinical management of cancers—flowcharts". En Oxford Desk Reference: Oncology, editado por Thankamma Ajithkumar, Ann Barrett, Helen Hatcher y Sarah Jefferies, 513–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745440.003.0018.
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This chapter includes quick-reference flowcharts to outline clinical management of cancer. Flowcharts include bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, cutaneous melanoma, endometrial cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, gestational trophoblastic tumour, hodgkins disease, lung cancer, non-hodgkins lymphoma, oesophageal cancer, ovarian germ cell tumour, pancreatic cancer, penile cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, stomach cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, vaginal cancer, vulval cancer, and unknown primary.
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"1 Cervical". En Neurosurgery Outlines, editado por Paul E. Kaloostian y Christ Ordookhanian. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0040-176490.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "The locomotor system". En Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0008.
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The locomotor system comprises the skeleton, composed principally of bone and cartilage, the joints between them, and the muscles which move bones at joints. The skeleton forms a supporting framework for the body and provides the levers to which the muscles are attached to produce movement of parts of the body in relation to each other or movement of the body as a whole in relation to its environment. The skeleton also plays a crucial role in the protection of internal organs. The skeleton is shown in outline in Figure 2.1A. The skull, vertebral column, and ribs together constitute the axial skeleton. This forms, as its name implies, the axis of the body. The skull houses and protects the brain and the eyes and ears; the anatomy of the skull is absolutely fundamental to the understanding of the structure of the head and is covered in detail in Section 4. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord which is enclosed in the spinal canal formed by a large central canal in each vertebra. The vertebral column is formed from 33 individual bones although some of these become fused together. The vertebral column and its component bones are shown from the side in Figure 2.1B. There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck, twelve thoracic vertebrae in the posterior wall of the thorax, five lumbar vertebrae in the small of the back, five fused sacral vertebrae in the pelvis, and four coccygeal vertebrae—the vestigial remnants of a tail. Intervertebral discs separate individual vertebrae from each other and act as a cushion between the adjacent bones; the discs are absent from the fused sacral vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae are small and very mobile, allowing an extensive range of neck movements and hence changes in head position. The first two cervical vertebrae, the atlas and axis, have unusual shapes and specialized joints that allow nodding and shaking movements of the head on the neck. The thoracic vertebrae are relatively immobile. combination of thoracic vertebral column, ribs, and sternum form the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs, the heart, and lungs and is intimately involved in ventilation (breathing).
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"20 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)". En Outlines in Orthopaedic Surgery, editado por Valentin Antoci y Adam E. M. Eltorai. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0040-174143.
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Alagar Yadav, Sangilimuthu y Feba Sara Koshi. "Phytochemicals from Solanaceae Family and Their Anticancer Properties". En Medicinal Plants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104462.
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Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease conditions all over the world. With the side effects and cost of conventional treatment, there is a demand for new therapies to prevent cancer. Research studies proved many plant products possess anticancer properties. Currently, a few plant-based drugs are used to treat it. The phytochemicals are investigated by in vitro and in vivo to assess their mechanism of action against cancer. This chapter is an overview of anticancer compounds extracted from plants of Solanaceae family with the potentials results. Many research has confirmed the anticancer efficiency of the biomolecules, such as solanine, solamargine, tomatidine, Withanolides, scopoletin, capsaicin found in Solanaceae, and their mode of action, such as cell cycle arrest, inhibiting signaling pathways, autophagy, suppression of enzymes in various human cancer cell lines of breast, pancreas, colorectal, liver, and cervical and also in animal models. This chapter seeks to provide an outline of key examples of anticancer activity of phytochemicals from the Solanaceae family, which offers a track for the development of novel medicines for cancer treatment as a single drug or in combinational drug. This chapter helps to identify the novel bioactive molecule for cancer treatment as lead molecule with less side effects in future.
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"Cervical neoplasia". En Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health, editado por Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad y K. Nathan Sankar, 357–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0030.
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Cervical neoplasia provides an overview of the 4th most common malignancy in women worldwide, including the premalignant phase. Specific terminology used in cytology and histology (including atypia, dyskaryosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) are explained, and the epidemiology and risk factors (with an emphasis on human papilloma virus (HPV)) for this common malignancy are included. Clinical presentation is outlined. Cervical screening is discussed, including the role of HPV testing, and both the British Association for Cytopathology/NHS cervical screening program 2013 classification of cervical cytology and the Bethesda system (used more widely worldwide) are explained. Diagnosis includes colposcopic examination of the cervix, and the management of both CIN and cervical cancer are included. HPV vaccination, pregnancy, and women living with HIV (including ICC as AIDS-defining) are discussed.
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Leigh, R. John y David S. Zee. "Eye-Head Movements". En The Neurology of Eye Movements, 474–519. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199969289.003.0008.
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This chapter reviews the relationship between ocular motor and cephalomotor systems, summarizing mechanical properties of head and neck tissues, head stability, and the roles of the cervico-ocular reflex (COR), vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR), and cervico-collic reflex. Visual consequences of head translation, and motion parallax, are discussed. Behavioral properties of eye-head saccades and smooth eye-head tracking are summarized along with their interactions with the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The neural substrate for rapid and smooth eye-head movements is discussed including the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, superior colliculus, cerebellar vermis and fastigial nucleus. Mathematical models for eye-head behavior are presented. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of eye-head movements are outlined, with geometric corrections required during measurement of eye and head movements. Discussion of the pathophysiology of abnormal eye-head movements includes vestibular hypofunction, progressive supranuclear palsy, spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia), spasmus nutans, epilepsy, ocular motor apraxia, and abnormal smooth eye-head tracking in parkinsonian syndromes and cerebellar disorders.
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"Genital anomalies". En Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health, editado por Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad y K. Nathan Sankar, 377–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0033.
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Genital anomalies considers both congenital and acquired differences in genital anatomy in both men and women. Clinicians performing genital examinations will frequently encounter many of these in their practice, and within this chapter each anomaly is succinctly described and for many the appropriate management is subsequently outlined. In men, the following differences are included: epispadias, hypospadias, lymphocele, paraphimosis, Peyronie’s disease, priapism, phimosis, spermatoceles and epididymal cysts, urethral channels, and varicocele. In women: Bartholin gland pathology (cysts and abscesses), cervical polyps, Mullerian duct anomalies (vaginal agenesis, vaginal and uterine septae, unicornuate uterus and uterus didelphys), and urethral caruncles are outlined.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Cervical outline"
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Zeng, Li, Hongqiu Wang, Xin Wang, Miao Tian y Shaozhi Wu. "Cascaded Segmentation Network based on Double Branch Boundary Enhancement". En 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (COMIT 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111721.
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Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women. During the treatment of cervical cancer, it is necessary to make a radiation plan based on the clinical target volume (CTV) on the CT image. At present, CTV is manually sketched by physicists, which is time-consuming and laborious. With the help of deep learning model, computer can accurately draw the outline of CTV in Colleges and universities. The CDBNet proposed in this paper is a cascaded segmentation network based on double-branch boundary enhancement. First, classification network determines whether a single image contains a region of interest (ROI), and then the segmentation network uses DBNet to segment more accurately at the ROI contour. In this paper, we propose CDBNet, a cascaded segmentation network based on doublebranch boundary enhancement. First, classification network determines whether a single image contains a region of interest (ROI), and then the segmentation network uses DBNet to segment more accurately at the ROI contour. The CDBNet proposed in this paper was verified on the cervical cancer dataset provided by the Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan Province. The average dice and 95HD of the delineation results are 86.12% and 2.51mm. At the same time, the classification accuracy rate of whether the image contains ROI can reach 93.19%, and the average Dice of the image containing ROI can reach 70%.
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Storvik, Steven G., Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar y Brian D. Stemper. "Experimental Induction of Lumbar Spine Compression-Flexion Injuries". En ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19476.
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Biomechanical research was conducted to outline mechanisms of cervical and lumbar vertebral body burst and wedge fractures using spines obtained from post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) and animals [1–5]. These studies incorporated full columns [1, 2] or, more commonly, three-body vertebral segments [3–6]. The method of load application most often involved static specimen placement with dynamic load application to the superior fixation using a weight-drop method or an MTS piston. While these studies experimentally induced vertebral body burst fractures, as clinically demonstrated following abrupt and severe axial loading through the pelvis, fractures resulted from unrealistic experimental boundary conditions. For example, three-body vertebral segments remove effects of spinal curvature and weight-drop or piston load application to the cranial fixation does not replicate the acceleration-driven loading as applied to the base of the spine, wherein characteristics of the acceleration versus time pulse are important in injury type and severity. Therefore, the present study developed an experimental model to mimic real-world loading situations resulting in vertebral body burst and wedge fractures.
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Stemper, Brian D., Narayan Yoganandan, Jamie L. Baisden, Frank A. Pintar, Barry S. Shender y Glenn Paskoff. "Biomechanical Implications of Gender-Dependent Muscle Locations". En ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192339.
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Military pilots are subjected to high magnitude inertial loads applied to the head-neck complex during high-G maneuvers. Cervical spinal soft-tissue injuries have occurred in this population [1–3]. Acute injury rates were reported between 54 and 89%, most commonly resulting in muscle or neck pain. Early cervical spine degenerative changes were also identified for fighter pilots [4]. Because the neck muscles are responsible for maintaining head-neck stability, one study hypothesized that cervical injuries in aviators may result from insufficient neck muscle strength to support the head-neck complex during high-G maneuvers [5]. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that pilots participating in pre-injury neck strengthening exercises demonstrated fewer injuries [1]. Although clinical data on the subject are limited, female pilots may be more susceptible to neck injury due to more slender necks and cervical columns that may be less resistant to bending [6, 7]. Differences in neck muscle geometry, in terms of cross-sectional area and positioning, may also lead to differing injury rates. Previous investigations of neck muscle geometry using contemporary medical imaging modalities were conducted with subjects in supine position [8–11], which removes the axial loads of the head and superior cervical structures due to gravity and likely changes neck muscle geometry. To date, no study has outlined gender-dependent neck muscle geometry determined using MRI of subjects in upright, sitting posture. The present hypothesis was that significant gender differences exist in neck muscle geometry.
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Brehm, Samuel. "Low Wear Debris Compliant Mechanism Cervical Disc Prosthesis". En ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24539.
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Abstract The device outlined in this paper is 3D printable cervical disc prosthesis that uses a compliant mechanism to behave biomechanically like a natural cervical intervertebral disc. The device is DMLS printed out of biocompatible titanium as a single part, and can be manufactured to the custom length, width, height, and lordotic angle desired for the patient. The device has 6 degrees of freedom for flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The device has 0.83 mm of max compression with a compressive stiffness of 473.1 N/mm. The device consists of compliant mechanism with two plates fused on the top and bottom. The mechanism is essentially two perpendicular beams fused at their midpoints. The beams act as rotational as well as compressive springs. This allows the rotational and compressive range of motion. This design is intended to minimize the production of wear debris, which is a problem with prosthetics. It also provides the ability for a disc prosthesis to be easily custom manufactured for the patient.
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Fuior, Robert, Andrei Gheorghita y Catalin Ionite. "DEVICE FOR ASSISTANCE OF PATIENTS PRESENTING ORTHOSTATIC CONDITIONS". En eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-199.
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Incorrect posture is a problem that becomes increasingly wide-spread in today’s world. It can lead to short and long term pain in the back and neck areas, and has further been linked to depression. Modern lifestyle facilitates poor posture, especially because of the increasing amount of time people spend sitting. Even individuals that are considered physically active often still spend a considerable amount of time in sedentary behaviors. The spine presents itself with 3 physiological curves in the sagittal plane: concave cervically, convex thoracically, concave in the lumbar region. With the increase of curvature degrees in kyphosis come along the following risks: vertebral fractures, intervertebral discs degeneration, loss of bone density, and increase in mortality, reduction of physical activity, altered respiratory function, and implicitly, loss of quality of life. This project outlines an educational concept, which meets the need for the development of a postural educational system, based on sound signaling, meant to enforce an anatomically correct posture. It is based on the idea that every human has a ‘flex point’, a point where the body bends when one slouches. In other words: it is impossible to have a poor posture and keep the front of the body straight. The system consists of two main hardware parts: the controller and the bending sensor. According to specifications, the physician will define the anatomically correct position for the patient. After posture memorization, the device will send a sound signal for any deviation greater than 10% off the posture the doctor established.