Artículos de revistas: "Certificats exacts"

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Zhang, Brian Hu y Tuomas Sandholm. "Finding and Certifying (Near-)Optimal Strategies in Black-Box Extensive-Form Games". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n.º 6 (18 de mayo de 2021): 5779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i6.16724.

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Often---for example in war games, strategy video games, and financial simulations---the game is given to us only as a black-box simulator in which we can play it. In these settings, since the game may have unknown nature action distributions (from which we can only obtain samples) and/or be too large to expand fully, it can be difficult to compute strategies with guarantees on exploitability. Recent work (Zhang and Sandholm 2020) resulted in a notion of certificate for extensive-form games that allows exploitability guarantees while not expanding the full game tree. However, that work assumed that the black box could sample or expand arbitrary nodes of the game tree at any time, and that a series of exact game solves (via, for example, linear programming) can be conducted to compute the certificate. Each of those two assumptions severely restricts the practical applicability of that method. In this work, we relax both of the assumptions. We show that high-probability certificates can be obtained with a black box that can do nothing more than play through games, using only a regret minimizer as a subroutine. As a bonus, we obtain an equilibrium-finding algorithm with $\tilde O(1/\sqrt{T})$ convergence rate in the extensive-form game setting that does not rely on a sampling strategy with lower-bounded reach probabilities (which MCCFR assumes). We demonstrate experimentally that, in the black-box setting, our methods are able to provide nontrivial exploitability guarantees while expanding only a small fraction of the game tree.

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Yano, Masayuki. "A reduced basis method with exact-solution certificates for steady symmetric coercive equations". Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 287 (abril de 2015): 290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2015.01.003.

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Liu, Minghui y Gábor Pataki. "Exact duals and short certificates of infeasibility and weak infeasibility in conic linear programming". Mathematical Programming 167, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2017): 435–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-017-1136-5.

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Jaworowicz, D. J., J. Nie, M. R. Bonner, D. Han, D. Vito, A. Hutson, N. Potischman, M. Trevisan, P. Muti y J. L. Freudenheim. "Agreement between self-reported birth weight and birth certificate weights". Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 1, n.º 2 (21 de enero de 2010): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174410000012.

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Birth weight is emerging as a potentially important risk factor for several chronic diseases with adult onset, including breast cancer. Because participant recall is frequently used to gather data on early life exposures, it is essential that the accuracy of recall be assessed and validated. Self-reported birth weights and birth certificate weights were compared in women aged 35–51 years from the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study, a population-based case–control study. A total of 180 participants had both birth certificate and interview data on birth weight. Participants reported birth weight to one of six categories (<5, 5–5.5, 5.6–7, 7.1–8.5, 8.6–10 and >10 lbs). The Spearman correlation for self-reported and birth certificate weights was 0.67. Sixty percent of participants reported weights with exact agreement with birth certificate; unweighted and weighted kappas (κ) were 0.39 and 0.68, respectively. Spearman correlations were similar for cases (0.67) and controls (0.68). Controls exhibited a significantly higher unweighted κ (0.51) than cases (0.27; P = 0.03), but weighted κ were not statistically different [controls, 0.73; cases, 0.64 (P = 0.32)]. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were not different between participants who underreported, overreported, or correctly reported their birth weight for either cases or controls. Overall, the level of agreement for report of birth weight and actual birth weight was fair to moderate.

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Nhoncanse, Geiza Cesar, Carla Maria R. Germano, Lucimar Retto da S. de Avo y Debora Gusmao Melo. "Maternal and perinatal aspects of birth defects: a case-control study". Revista Paulista de Pediatria 32, n.º 1 (marzo de 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822014000100005.

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Objective: To assess the prevalence of congenital defects and to investigate their maternal and perinatal associated aspects by reviewing Birth Certificates. Methods: Among all born alive infants from January 2003 to December 2007 in Maternidade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Carlos, Southeast Brazil (12,199 infants), cases were identified as the newborns whose Birth Certificates registered any congenital defect. The same sex neonate born immediately after the case was chosen as a control. In total, 13 variables were analyzed: six were maternal related, three represented labor and delivery conditions and four were linked to fetal status. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the variables, being significant p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of congenital defects was 0.38% and the association of two or more defects represented 32% of all cases. The number of mothers whose education level was equal or less than eight years was significantly higher among the group with birth defects (p=0.047). A higher frequency of prematurity (p<0.001) and cesarean delivery (p=0.004) was observed among children with birth defects. This group also showed lower birth weight and Apgar scores in the 1st and the 5th minute (p<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of congenital defect of 0.38% is possibly due to underreporting. The defects notified in the Birth Certificates were only the most visible ones, regardless of their severity. There is a need of adequate epidemiological monitoring of birth defects in order to create and expand prevention and treatment programs.

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Quesinberry, Dana, Terry L. Bunn, Sarah Hargrove y Svetla Slavova. "Impact of a Drug Overdose Decedent Toxicology Testing Legislative Mandate on Informing Coroner Death Investigation and Certification Practices". Academic Forensic Pathology 9, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 2019): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362119851127.

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Objective: To (a) determine the impact of Kentucky’s (KY’s) mandate requiring postmortem toxicology testing of coroner cases; (b) identify the influence of coroner experience and training, jurisdiction size, budget, and location on postmortem testing requests; (c) identify facilitators/barriers for postmortem toxicology testing requests and listing the specific drugs involved in drug-poisoning deaths on death certificates. Methods: A modified Dillman approach was used to deliver the survey to KY’s elected coroners between April and May 2016. Responses stratified by identified influence factors were compared using χ2 tests and Fisher exact tests. Results: Fifty-eight percent of coroners reported that drug overdose investigations had changed since the mandate was enacted. Statistically significant differences in responses were found when stratified. Sixty-three percent of coroners reported always using testing results to complete death certificates. Conclusions: Uptake of the mandate for postmortem toxicology testing of all decedents is not yet complete. Policy Implication: Without uptake of the mandate, surveillance efforts may result in undercounting of drug overdose deaths and the involvement of specific drugs. Mandates for enhanced training and modification of funding structure for medico-legal death investigations could facilitate uptake.

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Flores-Ríos, Paulina Alejandra, Robles Celerino y Ernesto Castañeda-Hidalgo. "Generación y caracterización básica de bagazos de la agroindustria del mezcal en Oaxaca". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 11, n.º 6 (18 de septiembre de 2020): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v11i6.2615.

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En Oaxaca, en 2019, se produjo 90.1% del mezcal certificado producido a nivel nacional, además de una cantidad desconocida de mezcal no certificado, que en su producción generan residuos, el bagazo el de mayor importancia. Aunque en Oaxaca actualmente es subutilizado, existen diversas investigaciones sobre su potencial, que han sido destinadas a la obtención de productos y metabolitos diversos de uso industrial. Se desconoce el dato exacto de la cantidad generada en los palenques y las características de estos; sin embargo, es información importante ya que es la base para establecer estrategias de manejo. En este trabajo, realizado en la región Valles Centrales de Oaxaca durante 2017, se presenta la caracterización básica de los residuos sólidos de la agroindustria del mezcal por especie utilizada, y se estiman coeficientes que pueden ser de aplicación general para la estimación rápida de la producción de estos residuos, y sirva como base para las estrategias de manejo. Se concluye que existen diferencias en las características de los residuos y la cantidad de bagazo generado entre las diferentes especies evaluadas.

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Gould, Jeffrey B. "Vital Records for Quality Improvement". Pediatrics 103, Supplement_E1 (1 de enero de 1999): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.se1.278.

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The birth certificate and death certificate are important sources of population-based data for assessing the extent of risk and the quality of perinatal outcome. The birth certificate contains the hospital of birth and many items, such as birth weight and race, that can serve as important risk adjusters for neonatal mortality. To assess mortality a second vital record, the death certificate, must be linked to the birth certificate. If the analysis is to be stratified by level of neonatal care or other hospital characteristics, a third file providing these details must also be utilized. The exact vital record formats, recording protocols, and quality control efforts are determined by and differ across each state. Even with these differences, the quality and completeness of vital records and their linkage are reasonable for population-based analyses. Although the most important vital outcome from a neonatologist's perspective is neonatal mortality, vital records can also be used to assess fetal, perinatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality. The analytic paradigm that is used in quality analysis performed on data derived from the vital record states that observed outcome is a function of risk, chance, and care. Risk is a characteristic or condition such as low birth weight or low 1-minute Apgar score that elevates the probability of an adverse outcome but is beyond the control of the agent responsible for the outcome. Using risk matrices or regression analysis one determines the expected mortality for a specific institution's case-mix. This expectation is usually based on the statewide analysis of infants with a similar risk profile. A standardized mortality ratio is calculated by dividing observed by expected mortality. A hospital with a high observed mortality (12 deaths per 1000) and an even higher expected mortality based on the risk characteristics of its neonates (24 per 1000) would have a standardized mortality ratio of 0.5. Once the effects of chance have been accounted for by statistical testing this finding could indicate that mortality in this hospital is 50% lower then expected. Although initially intended for legal and broad-based public health purposes, vital records represent an important source of data to inform perinatal quality improvement activities. The optimal usefulness of information derived from vital records requires that clinicians take an active role in assuring that data entry is complete and accurately reflects risk status, clinical factors, and outcomes. However, even a superb database will be of limited usefulness unless it is linked to an initiative that actively involves clinicians committed to quality improvement.

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Vershik, A. M. "Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin—A biographical tribute (23.8.1919–3.12.1984)". Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 9, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1989): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700005265.

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Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin was born on 23 August 1919 in Baku (Azerbaijan). His parents, Abram Beniaminovich Rokhlin and Henrietta Emmanuilovna Levenson, came from Jewish families, who lived in the Ukraine and in Byelorussia and then moved to Baku. Rokhlin's mother was the sister of the well-known literary figure and children's writer Kornei Chukovsky; Rokhlin's grandmother, Klara Levenson, was one of the first women doctors in Russia. Rokhlin's mother graduated from a medical school in France and was a doctor in Baku. She died tragically in 1923. His father was a broadly educated man and took an active part in political activity before the revolution (he was a social democrat) and in the early years of the revolution. Later he was involved in administrative work in Baku, in the Ukraine, in Central Asia and in Moscow. Not surprisingly he did not escape the Stalinist repressions: in 1939 he was arrested and on 13.7.1941 was sentenced to be shot. In 1957 his relatives received a certificate of rehabilitation (‘the case is closed due to insufficient evidence’); it is clear from this certificate that it was still impossible to obtain reliable information about the last years of his life; in particular even the exact date of his death is not precisely established. Rokhlin's family was exiled to Siberia and remained there. Fortunately Rokhlin, who was at that time a student at the University of Moscow, escaped with comparatively minor unpleasantnesses, and was not expelled from the University.

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Zhou, J. Z., W. J. Chu, J. H. Cheng, J. Y. Dai y C. Li. "Experimental Study on Transverse Stability of Wheel Loader". Key Engineering Materials 499 (enero de 2012): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.79.

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The hinge-type turning fashion has been widely adopted in wheel loader. During the process of design, two kinds of parameters, stability and stability coefficient, have been thought out to evaluate a loader’s transverse stability. Majority of cultural documentary adopts the evaluation method of stability currently.In this paper, the opinion that the stability coefficient can be used to evaluate transverse stability is more reasonable and viable, which is proved and analyzed through experiments.It is certificated by theory and practice: Using the stability coefficient to evaluate a loader’s transverse stability is more scientific and exact. It has some significance to direct the design, manufacture and use of the wheel loader.

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Yano, Masayuki. "A Reduced Basis Method for Coercive Equations with an Exact Solution Certificate and Spatio-Parameter Adaptivity: Energy-Norm and Output Error Bounds". SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 40, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): A388—A420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/16m1071341.

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Czaplewski, Krzysztof y Piotr Zwolan. "Multicriteria Analysis Method for Evaluation of Vessel Simulation Models in Open Waters". Journal of Navigation 72, n.º 1 (26 de julio de 2018): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000541.

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Modern ship simulators enable simulations of reality using available environment and ship models. When choosing a specific vessel from a catalogue, however, it is not always immediately apparent as to how true a simulation is to the original vessel. Its makers are required only to have software certificates, which does not ensure the exact modelling of a ship in the simulation. This paper presents research in continuation of previous work presenting a general methodology for the evaluation of the degree of accuracy of a simulated ship model compared to its real-world counterpart. In this paper, the results are shown of a comparative analysis based on actual measurements with the use of one of the methods of multi-criteria analysis. Furthermore, the methodology for the construction of ship models is presented. The paper concludes with a test verifying the accuracy of the assumptions.

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GONZÁLEZ, ROBERTO H. y ERNESTO PRADO. "New synonymy for a species of mealybug in the genus Pseudococcus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) that occurs on fruit trees in Chile". Zootaxa 3230, n.º 1 (12 de marzo de 2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3230.1.5.

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In July of 2011, we each became aware that we were studying the same Chilean mealybug species. The research by González (2011) emphasized the biology, economic importance, and control of the species on fruit, and described it as the new species Pseudococcus rubigena González. The research by Prado in Correa et al. (2011) provided a detailed description using molecular and morphological data and described the new species as P. meridionalis Prado. Based on the Principle of Priority (Article 23) in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), one of these names must have precedence. Unfortunately, both papers were published at approximately the same time. The date of publication of the Correa et al. paper is clearly marked as June 22, 2011. The exact date of publication of the González book was not clear because it did not give a specific date, only 2011. To establish the exact date, a certificate of publication was requested from the publisher (Imprenta Italiana Ltda.) by González. In a letter dated November 23, 2011, Nelson Cannoni M., Gerente General, Impreta Italiana indicated “ULTIMO DESPACHO DE EJEMPLARES: 30 de junio de 2011.” This is considered the date of publication for the name P. rubigena which was predated by P. meridionalis by just nine days. Therefore the following synonymy is proposed.

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Putri Oktavia, Redita y Hero Priono. "Analisis Sistem Akuntansi Penggajian Dalam Efektivitas Pengendalian Internal Pada PT. Citra Indah Abadi Jaya". ETNIK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Teknik 2, n.º 7 (20 de julio de 2023): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/etnik.v2i7.220.

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In every company must have several employees to run the business that has been run. Company PT. Citra Indah Abadi Jaya has a total of 58 employees and pays salaries to each employee once a month to be exact on the 1st. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the payroll system on the effectiveness of internal control at PT. Citra Indah Jaya Abadi. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Based on these results indicate that PT.Citra Indah Abadi Jaya supports the effectiveness of internal control because it shows accountability to the authorities. Regarding the payroll system, documents that must be prepared, accounting records and payroll procedures are in accordance with established procedures, but some are not in accordance with procedures. determined as in concurrent duties, segregation of duties, and no salary certificate.

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Rontsis, Nikitas, Paul Goulart y Yuji Nakatsukasa. "Efficient Semidefinite Programming with Approximate ADMM". Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 192, n.º 1 (27 de noviembre de 2021): 292–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-021-01971-3.

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AbstractTenfold improvements in computation speed can be brought to the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for Semidefinite Programming with virtually no decrease in robustness and provable convergence simply by projecting approximately to the Semidefinite cone. Instead of computing the projections via “exact” eigendecompositions that scale cubically with the matrix size and cannot be warm-started, we suggest using state-of-the-art factorization-free, approximate eigensolvers, thus achieving almost quadratic scaling and the crucial ability of warm-starting. Using a recent result from Goulart et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 594:177–192, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2020.02.014), we are able to circumvent the numerical instability of the eigendecomposition and thus maintain tight control on the projection accuracy. This in turn guarantees convergence, either to a solution or a certificate of infeasibility, of the ADMM algorithm. To achieve this, we extend recent results from Banjac et al. (J Optim Theory Appl 183(2):490–519, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-019-01575-y) to prove that reliable infeasibility detection can be performed with ADMM even in the presence of approximation errors. In all of the considered problems of SDPLIB that “exact” ADMM can solve in a few thousand iterations, our approach brings a significant, up to 20x, speedup without a noticeable increase in ADMM’s iterations.

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Sasmito, Priyo, Mikawati Mikawati, Fika Indah Prasetya, Yetti Syafridawita, Nunuk Sri Purwanti, Yuyun Tafwidhah, Mochamad Budi Santoso y Nisa Arifani. "Basic life support knowledge among nurses at public health center in rural Banten Province, Indonesia". Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science 6, n.º 6 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/minh.v6i6.13096.

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Background: Public Health Center (PHC) is one of the primary healthcare facilities that has an important role in the chain of survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, especially in rural areas. Nurses are an important component of health workers in PHC. Basic Life Support (BLS) knowledgeis the basic component of building a qualified resuscitation.Purpose: To analyze the relationship between demographic characteristics of PHC’s nurses in a rural area and their knowledge about BLS.Method: An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach involved 32 PHC nurses with total sampling techniques. The data was analyzed with the Spearman Rho and Fisher Exact test.Results: 32 nurses were involved. Most respondents are male (18/56.25%), have a Diploma educational background (23/71.88%), and non-government employees (24/75%). The average age of respondents was 34.75 years, and the average worked for 9.25 years. The level of knowledge of BLS was mostly more than 56% (25/78.1%). The knowledge average was 74.06+ 8.93 with a median of 75 anda score range of 50-85. Gender, educational background, BLS certificate upgrades, and employment status were not related to the level of knowledge of BLS. Age and length of work variables have a significant correlation with knowledge. Calculated rs was -0.043 with a p-value of 0.008 (α 0.05) for age and rs value of -0.353 with a p-value of 0.024 (α 0.05) for length of work.Conclusion: Gender, educational background, BLS certificate upgrades, and employment status were not related to the level of knowledge of BLS.There is a sufficient and significant relationship between the age and length of workwith knowledge of BLS with the opposite direction of the relationship.The older and longer a nurseworks, the lowerthe nurse’s knowledge of BLS. Routine BLS training sessions or emergency drills in PHC both online and offline can be some solution in partnership with emergency organizations and nearby referral hospitals.

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Ahmadi, H. Babaeyan y J. Gallego Sánchez-Torija. "Review of Landfills in Europe Accordind to the European Commissin’s Policy Identifying Effective Criteria for Reducind, Reusing, and Proposing Waste Levels in the Construction Sector". Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 11, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2021-0001.

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Abstract Construction waste makes up a large part of the waste produced in Europe. Therefore, the European Commission has developed policies to create an economic cycle and increase waste recycling. These solutions have been developed reduce the destructive effects of the environment, including various certificates such as LEED in different countries to encourage building debris management. However, not all construction waste can be recycled and reused, often buried in the environment. Although these wastes are extracted from natural resources, the process of making them changes their original nature, and it is not possible to estimate the exact time of their decomposition and reversibility of waste in nature. Thus, a large part of them is landfilled due to their Non-Recyclability. Moreover, every year, a large area of fertile and usable land is allocated for their burial. This paper aims to clarify the non-recyclable part of landfilled construction waste in the environment, highlighting the need for importance and research in this area. It can improve and preserve the sources, land, and health of the environment and human beings in EU member states threatened by landfilling.

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Myazina, N. G. "Assessment of hydromineral resources of the southern part of the Pre-Ural Foredeep on the example of spring waters for household use and balneotherapy". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1070, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1070/1/012001.

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Abstract The results of the research devoted to the geochemistry of natural sources of springs on the territory of the Pre-Ural Artesian Basin are relevant, since the springs are understudied and are not classified according to their chemical composition and purpose. The southern area of the Pre-Ural Artesian Basin with salt-gypsum tectonics was studied. There are many springs with various chemical compositions there. The prevailing salinity level of spring waters varies from 197 to 941 mg/l, with total hardness of 1.33-5.5 mg-eq/l, and with good quality drinking water. The goal was achieved. The hydrogeological conditions and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the source waters were studied. Analogues of mineral waters of the group without “specific” components and properties of the Krainsky and Varninsky types with the salinity level from 1.2-3.36 g/dm3 are found by comparative analysis: sulfate, bicarbonate-sulfate, sulfate-bicarbonate calcium, magnesium-calcium waters. Springs with high salinity sodium chloride leaching waters with 124 g/dm3 for balneotherapy are associated with salt dome structures. A certificate on the exact possible therapeutic properties of spring mineral waters can be issued by the Institutes of Health Research Study after research.

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García Prieto, Beatriz. "Mujeres adelantadas a su tiempo: las leonesas en la Residencia de Señoritas (1915-1936) = Ahead of their Time: Leonese Women in the Residence for Young Ladies (1915-1936)". Añada: revista d'estudios llioneses, n.º 2 (22 de marzo de 2021): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ana.v0i2.7008.

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ResumenLa Residencia de Señoritas de Madrid fue una institución heredera de los principios krausistas e institucionistas y dirigida por María de Maeztu, creada en el seno de la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios (JAE) en 1915 con el propósito de facilitar a las mujeres, independientemente de su origen o incluso de su posición social, el acceso a las enseñanzas universitarias, al mundo de la cultura y a una buena formación intelectual y moral. Las leonesas, a pesar de proceder de una provincia eminentemente rural y conservadora, fueron un colectivo relevante dentro de la Residencia de Señoritas, no solo en número (103 contabilizadas), sino también por su nivel académico y profesional. Encontraremos entre estas mujeres a estudiantes universitarias de Medicina, Farmacia, Ciencias Exactas, Ciencias Químicas, Filosofía y Letras, Derecho o Pedagogía. Algunas de ellas obtuvieron becas de la JAE para formarse en el extranjero, cuyos principales destinos fueron Francia, los Estados Unidos y Bélgica. No obstante, otras leonesas acudieron a la Residencia para preparar oposiciones a puestos en la administración, para realizar estudios musicales o recibir clases de cultura general, o para acudir al Instituto-Escuela, con el objetivo de conseguir el título de Bachiller.AbstractHeir to the principles of Krausism and institucionism, the Residence for Young Ladies of Madrid was an institution founded by María de Maeztu in October 1915. It was created within the Board for Advanced Studies and Scientific Research (referred to by its Spanish acronym JAE), whose purpose was to make access to university easier, bring culture closer and provide good intellectual and moral training for women, regardless of their origin or even their social status. Leonese women, despite being from a rural and conservative province, were an important group within the Residence for Young Ladies, not only in number (103 have been recorded) but also because of their academic and professional skills. Among these women, university students of Medicine, Pharmacy, Exact Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Arts, Law or Pedagogy can be found. Some of them were awarded scholarships from the JAE to pursue further education abroad, mainly in France, the United States and Belgium. Nevertheless, other women from León went to the Residence for the purpose of preparing exams to work in the public administration, completing their musical studies or taking general knowledge lessons, as well as attending the Instituto-Escuela in order to receive a certificate of secondary education.

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Kurtyka-Marcak, Izabela, Maria Hełdak y Katarzyna Przybyła. "The Actual Demand for the Elimination of Architectural Barriers among Senior Citizens in Poland". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 14 (22 de julio de 2019): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142601.

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The purpose of the study is to determine the actual demand for the elimination of architectural barriers among senior citizens in their place of residence and also in its immediate environment in Poland. The research covered a group of people in the post-productive age, living in the Lower Silesia voivodship in Poland. Different research methods were used in the study, primarily including the public opinion survey based on a questionnaire as well as statistical analyses. The cross-tabulation analysis of differences in quality characteristics was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2 test of independence) or Fisher’s exact test, when the expected number was lower than five. As a post hoc analysis, checking the nature of differences between the studied groups, the analyses were carried out using the method by Baesley and Schumacker. For all analyses, the maximum permissible error class I α = 0.05 was adopted, whereas p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The research revealed that a much larger group of people aged 55 and older suffers from mobility limitations than the ones resulting from disability certificates, thus confirming the assumption that along with the respondents’ age, their mobility limitations intensify, resulting in the need for assistance while moving outside their houses/apartments.

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ARUMSARI, GITA, ARIF WIDYANTO y ASEP TATA GUNAWAN. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA SANITASI KAPAL DAN PERILAKU ANAK BUAH KAPAL DENGAN KEBERADAAN TIKUS PADA KAPAL YANG BERSANDAR DI WILAYAH KERJA KANTOR KESEHATAN PELABUHAN KELAS I SURABAYA TAHUN 2017". Buletin Keslingmas 37, n.º 4 (31 de octubre de 2018): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v37i4.3793.

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AbstrakXVI+104 halaman : tabel, gambar,lampiranSanitasi kapal merupakan segala usaha yang ditujukan terhadap faktor lingkungan di kapal untuk memutuskanmata rantai penularan penyakit guna memelihara dan mempertinggi derajat kesehatan. Keberadaan vektor danbinatang pengganggu di atas kapal dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan masyarakat pelabuhan padakhususnya dan masyarakat lain yang berada diluar pelabuhan pada suatu wilayah tersebut, karena vektor danbinatang pengganggu dapat menularkan penyakit kepada manusia. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungansanitasi kapal dan perilaku anak buah kapal pada kapal yang bersandar di wilayah kerja Kantor KesehatanPelabuhan Kelas I SurabayaJenis penelitian yang digunakan observasional dengan pendekatan crossectional.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi kapal dan perilaku anak buah kapal dengankeberadaan tikus. Sampel penelitian ini 37 kapal dalam negeri yang memperpanjang Ship Sanitation ControlExemption Certificate (SSCEC) . Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi-Square dengan Fisher Exact ρ = 0,000(ρ α) yang artinya Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya ada hubungan sanitasi kapal dan perilaku anakbuah kapal dengan keberadaan tikus di kapal yang bersandar di wilayah kerja Kantor Kesehatan PelabuhanKelas I Surabaya. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah hubungan sanitasi kapal dan perilaku anak buah kapaldengan keberadaan tikus, disarankan bagi perusahaan pemilik kapal untuk memperbaiki memperhatikan sanitasikapal dan perilaku anak buah kapal agar kapal tidak mempunyai faktor risiko untuk mengundang keberadaantikus di kapal.

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Brombin, Valentina, Claudio Natali, Gianluca Frijia, Katharina Schmitt, Martina Casalini y Gianluca Bianchini. "Isotope Geochemistry for Seafood Traceability and Authentication: The Northern Adriatic Manila Clams Case Study". Foods 11, n.º 19 (1 de octubre de 2022): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193054.

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In Italy, the production of manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum, Adams and Reeve, 1850) is mainly localized in northern Adriatic lagoons in the Po River delta, where shellfish farming provides important socio-economic revenue. However, in our globalized world, the seafood market is threated by fraudulent activities, in which agri-food products whose provenance is not certified are sold, posing a risk to consumer health. Multi-isotope ratio analysis is commonly used to trace the provenance of goods produced in different countries with different climatic and environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the reliability of this approach in terms of tracing the exact provenance of manila clams harvested in three Adriatic northern lagoons that are close to each other. We also verified the origin of samples bought at a local supermarket with a certificate of provenance. We carried out elemental analyses of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) and the respective isotopic ratios (13C/12C; 15N/14N; 34S/32S) on manila clam tissues, plus isotopic analyses of carbon (13C/12C), oxygen (18O/16O), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) on manila clam shells. Each isotopic parameter can be used to identify the marine and continental contributions of water and/or nutrient supplies occurring in the lagoons. Therefore, the combination of isotopic parameters in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allowed for the identification of the lagoons in which the manila clams were produced.

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Dávid, Benjámin. "Gyoma hõsi halottai az elsõ világháborúban". Belvedere Meridionale 30, n.º 1 (2018): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2018.1.2.

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Examining the consequences of the First World War, it can be concluded that its impact on the demographic conditions was significant. In addition to the national data it is important to examine them on local level, too. Based on these studies interesting data have been found. Therefore, I have decided to examine the 20th century history of my hometown, Gyomaendrõd in detail. (It is important to note that during the investigated period Gyoma and Endrõd were two separate villages.) Gyoma village is a traditional lowland settlement which is located in Bekes County. Based on the 1910 census, 11 699 people lived in Gyoma. The denominational share of Gyoma in 1910 shows a Calvinistic majority (74%), Catholic (15%) and Lutheran (8,5%) minority. If the nationalities are examined, it can be noticed that 94% of the population is of Hungarian nationality, while there is a 5% German minority. In my research I set two main objectives: Firstly, I will clarify how many of the men enlisted from the settlement died, where, when and in which corps. Based on the exact war loss and official statistics it will be shown how it led to social, demographic and economic changes in the life of the village. For my research I used documents found in the Békés County Archives of Békési Branch Archives, more precisely the death certificates were used as primary resources.

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Narang, Ashima, Shalini Bhaskar Bajaj, Priyanka Vashisht y Aman Jatain. "Integrated ICT Systems Over Sustainable Cloud Environment". International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management 10, n.º 3 (2 de junio de 2023): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2023.10.3.7.

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In traditional education management systems, records of current or former users are maintained by public or private organizations. And these records are in the institution or ministry that students attend or attended. And these records are maintained conventionally. If a user wants to transfer from one organization to another, the candidate’s records may transfer along with the organization, but some education records may remain at the school or education department. Or when they apply for further delegation, the process of applying and verification of the certificate takes too much time. In the traditional education management system, every educational department maintains data with their own database for keeping the records. Now it is very difficult to know the complete previous or present record of a student in the different organizations. And if we want to, then we retrieve their entire data from their concern educational departments, which takes a lot of time. For better management, there are such software which are available in the market, but schools or institutions find it difficult to retrieve the exact information from the system and managing the system with tons of student records, technical management of the software and the more users makes the system more complicated. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a cloud base digitized academic system for improving current traditional education system.

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Galettis, Peter, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Gordon y Jennifer H. Martin. "A Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for the Quantitation of 17 Cannabinoids". Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, n.º 6 (2021): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch20380.

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Although cannabis has been used for several thousand years, the exact composition of the cannabinoids patients are administered for different symptoms has remained largely unknown. While this absence of catalogued information may be accepted in some cultures, the use of cannabis as a human product in the registered medicines setting requires knowing its composition so that doses can be standardised between patients. This is particularly so in clinical trials that are currently under way to determine the efficacy of a product. Although the major cannabinoids of interest to prescribers are well known – tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol and the corresponding acids tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid, the cannabis plant contains many more phytocannabinoids. We have developed and validated a robust and fast (11min) isocratic HPLC method for the analysis of 17 phytocannabinoids. The method had an analytical range of 1–150μg mL−1 for tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid, 0.5–75μg mL−1 for tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, and 0.5–20μg mL−1 for the remaining 13 cannabinoids. The method had excellent repeatability with a relative standard deviation of between 5 and 14% and a bias of between –8.6 and 6% for the 17 cannabinoids. The method was applied to the analysis of medicinal cannabis products, including both flos and oils with results matching the supplier’s certificate of analysis. This simple fast isocratic method with basic HPLC equipment can be easily transferred to any analytical laboratory interested in the identification and quantitation of cannabinoids.

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Krause, Stefan W., Reinhard Andreesen, Ferdinand Hofstädter y Michael Gerken. "Treatment of High Grade B-Cell Lymphoma with Chemotherapy Plus Rituximab: A Survival Benefit Can Be Demonstrated in the Routine Data of a Regional Cancer Registry". Blood 112, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2008): 3592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3592.3592.

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Abstract Introduction: Combination of standard chemotherapy with Rituximab led to improved disease control in pts. with B-cell lymphoma and a clearcut survival benefit in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a multitude of clinical trials. We wanted to know, if a similar benefit could be demonstrated in the routine follow-up data of the regional population-based cancer registry of the Regensburg cancer center (“Tumorzentrum Regensburg”, TUZ). The TUZ spreads evidence-based treatment recommendations, but beyond this, treatments are performed according to the discretion of individual physicians and institutions. Methods: We searched the registry for B-NHL diagnosed between 1998 and 2005 entered as DLBCL, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), undefined low grade lymphoma and corresponding terms from the ICD-O3. Furthermore, death certificates were systematically matched to the patient data and additionally searched for the terms C82, 83, 85, 88 of the ICD-10. Using these data, we compared overall survival of patients receiving any first line chemotherapy plus rituximab and patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Results: Comparing registry data to death certificates an 85% coverage of lymphoma patients within the registry can be estimated. In the high grade lymphoma group, 450 patients have been entered into the registry. Of these, 49 were insufficiently documented, 29 patients had a delayed start of their treatment and 41 received no chemotherapy at all. 122 pts. received rituximab-containing chemotherapy resulting in a 2 year survival of 87%, whereas 209 pts. received chemotherapy alone with a significantly inferior 2 year survival of 70%, p=0,004 by log rank test (fig). 307 pts with low grade lymphoma were found. Of these, 31 were insufficiently documented. 84 pts. did not receive any therapy at all during the observation period and showed the best survival as expected (watch and wait). 69 and 123 pts. received first line chemotherapy with or without Rituximab, respectively. Regarding all low grade NHL together, no significant difference was found, however, FL pts. survived longer, when Rituximab was given (2 year survival 91% vs. 72%, p=0,046). Conclusions: A survival benefit comparable to the results within clinical trials can be observed in registry data in an unsupervised community setting for patients with DLBCL treated first line with a Rituximab containing chemotherapy. A strong trend for improved survival was also observed for FL. These data confirm the standard use of Rituximab as first line therapy in DLBCL and FL and they support the collection of an extended set of treatment data containing exact descriptions of systemic therapy in cancer registries in order to answer similar questions in the future. Figure Figure

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González-Sandoval, Elizabeth, Margot Martínez-Rodríguez y Esteban González-Sandoval. "ACREDITACIÓN: RAZONES PARA APUNTAR HACIA LA CALIDAD. ACCREDITATION: REASONS TO APPROACH QUALITY". Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior 3, n.º 2 (6 de noviembre de 2012): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/caes.v3i2.446.

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El crecimiento de la oferta universitaria se dio en un marco de desregulación y sin normas específicas de control sobre su desempeño y calidad. En respuesta a esta situación, se creó el Sistema Nacional de Acreditación de la Educación Superior (SINAES). La acreditación viene a garantizar la calidad de las carreras que se someten a sus procesos. La Universidad Nacional está consciente de la necesidad de ofrecer a la sociedad graduados cuya excelencia se vea certificada por los organismos competentes. En este marco, las Escuelas de Matemática e Informática, ambas pertenecientes a laFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, han accedido voluntariamente a someterse a los procesos de autoevaluación, acreditación y reacreditación. Este artículo presenta una breve síntesis de los resultados obtenidos en los procesos de autoevaluación para la reacreditación de las carreras impartidas por estas Unidades Académicas, a saber Bachillerato y Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de la Matemática e Ingeniería en Sistemas de Información con grado de Bachillerato, en lo que concierne a estudiantes, docentes, empleadores y graduados.Palabras clave: Autoevaluación, acreditación, calidad, educación superior, ventajas. AbstractThe university supply growth occurred in a context of deregulation and without specific inspection rules on performance and quality.In response to this situation, the Sistema Nacional de Acreditación de la Educación Superior (SINAES) was created. The accreditation is to ensure the quality of careers undergoing its processes.The Universidad Nacional is conscious of the need of offering society professionals whose excellency may be certified by the competent organisms. In this context, theEscuelas de Matemática e Informática, bothbelonging to the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, have voluntarily accepted to undergo the processes of self-evaluation, accreditation, and reaccreditation. This article briefly summarizes the results obtained after the processes of the self-evaluation for the reaccreditation of the careers provided for these Academic Units, which are Bachelor and Licenciatura in the Mathematics Teaching and System Information Engineer, with a Bachelor degree, in concern of students, teachers, employers and graduates.Keywords: Self-test, accreditation, quality, advantages, higher education

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Castillo Reinoso, Ana María, Erika Carmen Criollo Quizphi y Monica Paola Oñate Oñate. "Diseño e implementación de una PTAR por lodos activos a escala de laboratorio, Facultad de Ciencias Espoch". Ciencia Digital 4, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2020): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v4i1.1119.

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Se utilizó el método investigativo-experimental que consistió en: investigación de varios trabajos realizados en circunstancias similar, de la quesera Llin Llin Pucará – Cantón Colta manejando muestreo puntual, precisión física, química y microbiológica del agua residual, preparación de cálculos previos, construcción, procedimiento y cálculos reales. La construcción elaborada para la planta a graduación laboratorio fue policarbonato, las extensiones han sido tomadas con fundamento el 12% de las obtenidas en cómputos previos, la planta cuenta con tres tanques: reservorio, aireación y sedimentación de dimensiones 50cm x 50cm x 75 cm y dos depósitos: provisión de agua tratada y lodos con dimensiones 50cm x 50cm x 50cm. El tanque sedimentador enseña una inclinación del 20%. El método inició usando otros tiempos de suspensión hidráulica (72-60-48-36-24-12-8-4 horas) para cada muestra y 11 días de retención celular. resultado del procedimiento se logró la separación de demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO) con un valor inicial de 28300 mg/L a 350 mg/L en un tiempo de retención hidráulica de 4 horas. Se concluye que el método biológico realizado en la planta a escala laboratorio es satisfactorio mostrando una eficiencia del 98% para aguas residuales de quesera. Se confía realizar un exacto control en cuanto al pH, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, sólidos sedimentables, suspendidos y volátiles para certificar un adecuado sistema y reducir la demando bioquímica de oxígeno formidablemente.

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Tuckett, Anna. "Managing paper trails after Windrush". Journal of Legal Anthropology 3, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2019.030208.

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Stories of those who were victims of the Windrush scandal are characterised by tales of long-lost documents and urgent quests to procure paperwork – maternity certificates, payslips, dental records, school reports – that would attest to a lifetime spent in the United Kingdom. The so-called Windrush generation came to need this paperwork because, although unbeknown to most, the 1971 Immigration Act demanded that from 1973, all migrants must document their ‘legal’ presence in the UK. It was, however, only from 2014 – because of changes in legislation – that now retirement-age Commonwealth citizens, most of whom had migrated to the United Kingdom as children, found themselves facing deportation back to countries that many had not visited for decades (for a historical account of the legislation and politics that led to the Windrush scandal, see Olusoga 2019). The 2014 Immigration Act deleted a key clause of the 1999 legislation that had provided long-standing Commonwealth residents with protection from enforced removal (Taylor 2018). Some of those affected by this updated legislation report that they believed themselves to be legitimate citizens of the British state and therefore did not need to prove their right to be resident through such documentation (for case studies, see Gentleman 2019). In this case, as well as in common-sense thought more generally, documents and paperwork are understood to hold the ‘truth’. Uncover it and their holder’s rightful status will be triumphantly revealed. As such, documents are imagined to act as unambiguous mechanisms of inclusion, their absence therefore denoting the exact opposite.

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Epepe, Umefien Dakoru. "YOUTUBE AND SECOND LIFE FOR INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE LEARNING: AWARENESS AND USAGE IN TERTIARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA". American Journal of Communication 4, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajc.914.

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Purpose: This paper examined awareness and usage of YouTube and Second Life in indigenous language learning in tertiary education in Nigeria. Methodology: The study anchored on socio-cultural constructivism and adopted the survey research design. The population of the study was two-fold. The first component comprised of 52 Nigeria Certificate in Education students from five Federal Colleges of Education, who registered for the language acculturation programme at the National Institute for Nigerian Languages (NINLAN) in 2018. The second part of the population included ten lecturers of Nigerian languages in NINLAN. Since the study was focused on learning, and the population of students was manageable, the census sampling technique was applied. Thus, all 52 students were involved in the survey. Based on a representation of the three major Nigerian languages, the purposive sampling technique aided the selection of three lecturers: one each for Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba. Out of which, two lecturers were available at the time of the study. Quantitative data were collated from the students via a self-administered questionnaire, while the interview method was used to elicit qualitative data from the lecturers. Quantitative data were analysed using simple percentages, Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. Findings: Findings showed a significant awareness of YouTube, but its usage for indigenous language learning was insignificant. Compared to YouTube, the awareness of Second Life was lower and it was not used for indigenous language learning. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that tertiary education; particularly language teacher education should incorporate Web 2.0 channels such as YouTube and Second Life into traditional classroom pedagogy to bridge resource gaps in indigenous language learning.

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Mussler, Bernhard y Dieter Schwanke. "Validation of Alternative RoHS Compliant Au Pastes for the DuPont LTCC 951 System". Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.1.20.

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The restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) came into force on July 1, 2006. Equipment producers will need to obtain materials declarations or certificates of compliance from their suppliers. Certain exemptions from this regulation, for example, RF ports and certain medical applications, still allow for the manufacture of LTCC products with non-RoHS-compliant materials. However, there is a continuously growing demand for LTCC products without cadmium or lead. Since the end of 2006 DuPont has been offering Cd-free Au pastes as possible replacements for established products. For cofiring internal and external conductors, Au paste type 5734 is frequently used by LTCC manufacturers. The alternative RoHS compliant paste is type CDF34. For pin, tab, and frame brazing, a combination of Au pastes 5062D (adhesion layer) and 5063D (barrier layer) are currently the first choice for according LTCC parts at MSE. The Cd-free versions are types 5062E and 5063E. MSE is validating all three new pastes according to a comprehensive test plan that includes five different test layouts for CDF34 and another two for 5062E and 5063E. Simultaneously, corresponding reference parts are built to have exact comparison possibilities. The validation of CDF34 includes the investigation of bondability and the reliability of resistor terminations, vias, and adhesive bonded components. Furthermore, the lateral migration (insulation resistance) is tested. The 5062E and 5063E validation includes the reliability of soldered components, vias in soldered pads, and soldering of frames and base plates. The different test cells include visual inspection, cross sections, initial measurements, and results after thermal cycling, thermal shock, temperature, and humidity exposure.

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Mwanza, Dinah, Felix Kanungwe Kalaba y Ephraim Kabunda Munshifwa. "Changes in customary land administration and “plausible” development outcomes: A comparative study of Chamuka and Shimukunami chiefdoms". Contemporary Journal of African Studies 10, n.º 1 (17 de septiembre de 2023): 80–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/contjas.v10i1.4.

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Literature is now cognizant of the fact that customary land governance structures are changing in most of sub-Saharan Africa. The relevance of land governance is largely dependent on the local institution, even without direct State intervention. In other words, customary areas are no longer sites for unrestrained, selfish and uncivilized competitions resulting in high tenure insecurity. However, a number of issues still remain debatable over these changes: for instance, what is their exact form and what are the “plausible” development outcomes related to these changes? This paper assets that, answers to these questions are often location specific in literature, hence the rationale for this study within the Zambian context. This study compares two customary areas, with different customary rights and administration, i.e. Shimukunami were residents are issued with traditional certificates and Chamuka where they are not. Data was collected through household questionnaires, key informants and focus group discussions. The paper tested a number of parameters which included number of conflict (e.g. on ownership, boundaries, encroachments), agricultural production (labour, crops, etc.) and generally livelihood strategies. We conclude that change in customary land governance has been a reaction to pressures and influences such as rapid population, high demand for customary land and introduction of monetary transactions. Further, institutions are not static but have evolved to meet changing societal demands. Therefore, approaches recommended for effective traditional land governance must be mainstreamed in local structure so as to provide a sustainable solution to tenure security and rural development. However, the appropriate approaches should be chosen taking into account the need of the local communities, traditional institutions and dynamics of land governance of a particular area.

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Mvula, Mc Geofrey y Annie Msosa. "Predictors of Students’ Performance in Nursing and Midwifery Technician Licensure Examination in Southern Malawi". Malawi Medical Journal 35, n.º 2 (2 de agosto de 2023): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i2.6.

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IntroductionSuccess in the nursing and midwifery licensure examination is the only legal prerequisite to practice as a nurse and midwife in Malawi. However, the past decade has registered poor performance of students in Nursing and Midwifery Technician (NMT) licensure examinations for candidates who failed on the first attempt. The study sought to unravel whether students’ socio-demographic and academic characteristics could predict NMT licensure examination performance on the first attempt.Methods We conducted a quantitative ex post facto using stratified random sampling. We reviewed 280 former NMT licensure exam candidate records from 2013 to 2017 with a study population of 2,668 NMTs. We reported descriptive statistics and used Chi-square / Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression to determine the significance of associations and predictors respectively. ResultsWe found that the NMT licensure examination could be predicted by students’ academic characteristics, especially entry Malawi School Certificate of Education (MSCE) point scores [p < 0.001, OR 0.830, 95% CI (0.771-0.892)], and exit college final scores [p < 0.001, OR 1.214, 95% CI (1.131-1.303)]. We established that students’ socio-demographic characteristics like age [χ2 (2, N =280) =13.143, p < 0.001], and marital status [χ2 (1, N = 280) = 5.645, p = 0.018] were significantly associated with NMT licensure examination performance but were not predictors of NMT licensure examination outcome. Furthermore, we did not find any association between NMT licensure examination performance and the sex of the students [χ2 (1, N = 280) = 0.523, p = 0.470]. ConclusionNMT licensure examinations performance predictors are academic variables like entry MSCE and exit college final scores. Consequently, teaching institutions should frame relevant admission criteria, and timely support the students at risk of failure in licensure exams.

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Mendoza, Betty, Leyda Almao, Lué Merú Marcó Parra y Vianel Rodríguez. "EVALUACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS DE DIGESTIÓN ÁCIDA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE TEJIDO FOLIAR DE CAÑA (Saccharum officinarum L.)". Ciencia y Tecnología 7, n.º 2 (12 de febrero de 2015): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i2.140.

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El desempeño de los métodos de digestión, vía seca (DVS) y ácida asistida por microondas (DAAM) fue evaluado en el análisis de muestras foliares de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). También se evaluó el efecto de las técnicas de detección comúnmente utilizadas en el laboratorio [P: espectrometría de absorción molecular visible (UV-VIS); K: espectrometría de emisión atómica (AES); Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn: espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (FAAS)] respecto a la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X de reflexión total (TXRF) sobre los resultados obtenidos a partir de los dos métodos de digestión. La exactitud y precisión de los métodos de digestión se determinó con dos muestras certificadas, Tejido vegetal N°6 y N°11 (Comisión de Normalización y Acreditación - Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo). La determinación de P vía TXRF reportó resultados mayores respecto a UV-VIS en las muestras foliares de caña de azúcar. Los métodos de digestión mostraron resultados exactos y precisos en Ca cuando se utiliza FAAS o TXRF. En Zn y Cu se presentan desviaciones y varianzas asociadas a las concentraciones bajas en las muestras y su relación con el blanco de reactivos. En general, la precisión y exactitud están relacionadas principalmente con el rango de concentración de cada elemento en las muestras y el límite de cuantificación. No se encontro diferencias apreciables en cuanto al desempeño analítico de ambos métodos de digestión. La detección por TXRF presenta menor eficiencia analítica en cuanto a exactitud y precisión en algunos elementos, pero menores costos en tiempo de análisis.

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Mendoza, Betty, Leyda Almao, Lué Merú Marcó Parra y Vianel Rodríguez. "EVALUACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS DE DIGESTIÓN ÁCIDA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE TEJIDO FOLIAR DE CAÑA (Saccharum officinarum L.)". Ciencia y Tecnología 7, n.º 2 (12 de febrero de 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i2.186.

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El desempeño de los métodos de digestión, vía seca (DVS) y ácida asistida por microondas (DAAM) fue evaluado en el análisis de muestras foliares de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). También se evaluó el efecto de las técnicas de detección comúnmente utilizadas en el laboratorio [P: espectrometría de absorción molecular visible (UV-VIS); K: espectrometría de emisión atómica (AES); Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn: espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (FAAS)] respecto a la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X de reflexión total (TXRF) sobre los resultados obtenidos a partir de los dos métodos de digestión. La exactitud y precisión de los métodos de digestión se determinó con dos muestras certificadas, Tejido vegetal N°6 y N°11 (Comisión de Normalización y Acreditación - Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo). La determinación de P vía TXRF reportó resultados mayores respecto a UV-VIS en las muestras foliares de caña de azúcar. Los métodos de digestión mostraron resultados exactos y precisos en Ca cuando se utiliza FAAS o TXRF. En Zn y Cu se presentan desviaciones y varianzas asociadas a las concentraciones bajas en las muestras y su relación con el blanco de reactivos. En general, la precisión y exactitud están relacionadas principalmente con el rango de concentración de cada elemento en las muestras y el límite de cuantificación. No se encontro diferencias apreciables en cuanto al desempeño analítico de ambos métodos de digestión. La detección por TXRF presenta menor eficiencia analítica en cuanto a exactitud y precisión en algunos elementos, pero menores costos en tiempo de análisis.

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Mendoza, Betty, Leyda Almao, Lué Merú Marcó Parra y Vianel Rodríguez. "EVALUACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS DE DIGESTIÓN ÁCIDA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE TEJIDO FOLIAR DE CAÑA (Saccharum officinarum L.)". Ciencia y Tecnología 7, n.º 2 (12 de febrero de 2015): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i2.98.

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El desempeño de los métodos de digestión, vía seca (DVS) y ácida asistida por microondas (DAAM) fue evaluado en el análisis de muestras foliares de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). También se evaluó el efecto de las técnicas de detección comúnmente utilizadas en el laboratorio [P: espectrometría de absorción molecular visible (UV-VIS); K: espectrometría de emisión atómica (AES); Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn: espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (FAAS)] respecto a la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X de reflexión total (TXRF) sobre los resultados obtenidos a partir de los dos métodos de digestión. La exactitud y precisión de los métodos de digestión se determinó con dos muestras certificadas, Tejido vegetal N°6 y N°11 (Comisión de Normalización y Acreditación - Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo). La determinación de P vía TXRF reportó resultados mayores respecto a UV-VIS en las muestras foliares de caña de azúcar. Los métodos de digestión mostraron resultados exactos y precisos en Ca cuando se utiliza FAAS o TXRF. En Zn y Cu se presentan desviaciones y varianzas asociadas a las concentraciones bajas en las muestras y su relación con el blanco de reactivos. En general, la precisión y exactitud están relacionadas principalmente con el rango de concentración de cada elemento en las muestras y el límite de cuantificación. No se encontro diferencias apreciables en cuanto al desempeño analítico de ambos métodos de digestión. La detección por TXRF presenta menor eficiencia analítica en cuanto a exactitud y precisión en algunos elementos, pero menores costos en tiempo de análisis.

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Suppan, Laurent, Tara Herren, Victor Taramarcaz, Simon Regard, Sébastien Martin-Achard, Ido Zamberg, Robert Larribau et al. "A Short Intervention Followed by an Interactive E-Learning Module to Motivate Medical Students to Enlist as First Responders: Protocol for a Prospective Implementation Study". JMIR Research Protocols 9, n.º 11 (6 de noviembre de 2020): e24664. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24664.

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Background In Geneva, Switzerland, basic life support (BLS) maneuvers are provided in only 40% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) cases. As OHCA outcomes are markedly improved when BLS maneuvers are swiftly applied, a “first-responder” system was introduced in 2019. When emergency dispatchers identify a possible OHCA, first responders receive an alert message on a specific app (Save-a-Life) installed on their smartphones. Those nearest to the victim and immediately available are sent the exact location of the intervention. First-year medical students only have limited knowledge regarding BLS procedures but might nevertheless need to take care of OHCA victims. Medical students responding to out-of-hospital emergencies are off-duty in half of these situations, and offering junior medical students the opportunity to enlist as first responders might therefore not only improve OHCA outcomes but also foster a greater recognition of the role medical students can hold in our society. Objective Our aim is to determine whether providing first-year medical students with a short intervention followed by an interactive e-learning module can motivate them to enlist as first responders. Methods After obtaining the approval of the regional ethics committee and of the vice-dean for undergraduate education of the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine (UGFM), 2 senior medical students will present the project to their first-year colleagues at the beginning of a lecture. First-year students will then be provided with a link to an interactive e-learning module which has been designed according to the Swiss Resuscitation Council’s first aid guidelines. After answering a first questionnaire and completing the module, students will be able to register for practice sessions. Those attending and successfully completing these sessions will receive a training certificate which will enable them to enlist as first responders. The primary outcome will be the proportion of first-year medical students enlisting as first responders at the end of the study period. Secondary outcomes will be the proportion of first-year medical students electing to register on the platform, to begin the e-learning module, to complete the e-learning module, to register for practice sessions, to attend the practice sessions, and to obtain a certificate. The reasons given by medical students for refusing to participate will be analyzed. We will also assess how comfortable junior medical students would feel to be integrated into the first responders system at the end of the training program and whether it affects the registration rate. Results The regional ethics committee (Req-2020-01143) and the UGFM vice-dean for undergraduate education have given their approval to the realization of this study, which is scheduled to begin in January 2021. Conclusions This study should determine whether a short intervention followed by an interactive e-learning module can motivate first-year medical students to enlist as first responders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/24664

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Gruzdev, Mikhail V. y Mikhail V. Novikov. "K. D. Ushinsky’s date of birth: completion of discussion". Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 1, n.º 124 (2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2022-1-124-8-15.

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The problem associated with determining the exact date of birth of great Russian teacher Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky is being considered. There is a contradiction in the available documentary sources, which became the basis for the appearance of different versions, there are two main ones for 2021 — February 19, 1823 and February 19, 1824. It is noted that the basis of the version of 1824 was the memoirs of Ushinsky himself, his close friends M. K. Chaly and Yu. S. Rekhnevsky, as well as his first biographers. The unreliability of memories as a historical source is emphasized, in support of the memoirs of Chaly, from which one can conclude both about 1823 and about 1824. The reasoning of the Soviet adherents of version 1824 is considered, based on the authors' assumptions about deception by the parents of K. D. Ushinsky of the Tula Spiritual Consistory to obtain a birth certificate, making son Konstantin a year elder than the true age, with the aim of earlier enrollment in the gymnasium. Documents of the State Archive of the Tula Region related to the issue of identifying the Tula Spiritual Consistory of witness and documentary evidence of the birth and baptising Konstantin on February 19, 1823 in Tula are analyzed. It is emphasized that the testimony of witnesses is supported by irrefutable documentary evidence — a formal list for the service of Father D. G. Ushinsky, issued by the office of the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire. The role of ascetics — teachers of Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky and Tula State Pedagogical University named after L. N. Tolstoy in substantiating and promoting the version of 1823 is considered. The decisive role of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in the final recognition of 1823 the year of K. D. Ushinsky birth is emphasized.

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Tierney, Anne. "Communities of practice in life sciences and the need for brokering". F1000Research 5 (4 de marzo de 2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7695.1.

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Etienne Wenger’s work on communities of practice is influential in teaching and learning in higher education. A core work of many postgraduate certificate in teaching and learning (PGCert) courses for new lecturers, it is studied, in the main, as a means to understand how to support and encourage students to achieve more effective learning. Communities of practice can also be applied to academics. In the context of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) and its predecessors, the gulf between research-focused and teaching-Focused academics in life sciences has widened, so that in many institutions, these two groups have evolved into two distinct communities of practice; one whose priority is disciplinary research, the other’s learning and teaching. However, in 2015, the UK government announced that a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) would be introduced into higher education in England, as early as 2017. While the exact details of TEF remain unclear, it is certain that “excellence” and “student satisfaction” will be high on the agenda. It is vital, therefore, that the two communities of practice, research-focused and teaching-focused, find ways to come together in order to ensure high quality teaching and learning. Wenger proposes that this can be done through the process of “brokering”, which allows expertise from both communities of practice to cross from one to the other, strengthening both. This should be encouraged at departmental and institutional level, but another vital origin of brokering can be forged at a(n) (inter)national level at meetings such as the SEB Annual Conference, where teaching-focused academics have the opportunity to mix with research-active colleagues. While this paper is informed by recent and current events in the UK Higher Education sector, it is of interest to academics who work in an environment where research and teaching have become separate to any extent.

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Mandetta, Amanda Rafaelly Honório, Carolina Carvalho Bortoletto, Ana Paula Taboada Sobral, Marcela Letícia Leal Gonçalves, Lara Jansiski Motta, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari et al. "Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and minimal intervention associated with deproteinisation in permanent teeth with molar incisor hypomineralisation: study protocol for a clinical, controlled, blinded trial". BMJ Open 13, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2023): e076226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076226.

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IntroductionMolar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative defect of enamel development that occurs in the mineralisation phase. MIH affects one or more permanent molars and, occasionally, permanent incisors. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the clinical effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on permanent teeth with MIH through decontamination and sensitivity control.Methods and analysisPatients from 8 to 12 years of age with permanent molars will be randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1: selective chemical–mechanical removal of carious dentinal tissue around the walls of the cavity with Papacárie Duo and a curette followed by the application of aPDT and deproteinisation with Papacárie Duo; group 2: selective removal of carious dentinal tissue around the walls of the cavity with a curette, followed by the application of aPDT and deproteinisation with a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution; group 3: selective removal of carious dentinal tissue using a curette. The selected teeth must have a carious lesion in the dentin and posteruptive enamel breakdown on one or more surfaces with an indication for clinical restorative treatment. The teeth will subsequently be restored using a mixed technique with resin-modified glass ionomer cement and bulk-fill composite resin. The data will be submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Associations with age and sex will be tested using either the χ2test or Fisher’s exact test. Pearson’s correlation coefficients will be calculated to determine the strength of correlations between variables. Comparisons of the microbiological results (colony-forming units) will be performed using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis will be performed to assess the performance of the restorations.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Nove de Julho University (certificate number: 61027522.0.0000.5511/approval date: 23 August 2022). The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05443035.

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Brunkard, Joan, Gonza Namulanda y Raoult Ratard. "Hurricane Katrina Deaths, Louisiana, 2005". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2008): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e31818aaf55.

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ABSTRACTObjective: Hurricane Katrina struck the US Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, causing unprecedented damage to numerous communities in Louisiana and Mississippi. Our objectives were to verify, document, and characterize Katrina-related mortality in Louisiana and help identify strategies to reduce mortality in future disasters.Methods: We assessed Hurricane Katrina mortality data sources received in 2007, including Louisiana and out-of-state death certificates for deaths occurring from August 27 to October 31, 2005, and the Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team's confirmed victims' database. We calculated age-, race-, and sex-specific mortality rates for Orleans, St Bernard, and Jefferson Parishes, where 95% of Katrina victims resided and conducted stratified analyses by parish of residence to compare differences between observed proportions of victim demographic characteristics and expected values based on 2000 US Census data, using Pearson chi square and Fisher exact tests.Results: We identified 971 Katrina-related deaths in Louisiana and 15 deaths among Katrina evacuees in other states. Drowning (40%), injury and trauma (25%), and heart conditions (11%) were the major causes of death among Louisiana victims. Forty-nine percent of victims were people 75 years old and older. Fifty-three percent of victims were men; 51% were black; and 42% were white. In Orleans Parish, the mortality rate among blacks was 1.7 to 4 times higher than that among whites for all people 18 years old and older. People 75 years old and older were significantly more likely to be storm victims (P < .0001).Conclusions: Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest hurricane to strike the US Gulf Coast since 1928. Drowning was the major cause of death and people 75 years old and older were the most affected population cohort. Future disaster preparedness efforts must focus on evacuating and caring for vulnerable populations, including those in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and personal residences. Improving mortality reporting timeliness will enable response teams to provide appropriate interventions to these populations and to prepare and implement preventive measures before the next disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:215–223)

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Stanwyck, Lynn K., James R. DeVoll, Joyce Pastore, Zykevise Gamble, Anna Poe y Gabrielle V. Gui. "Medical Certification of Pilots Through the Insulin-Treated Diabetes Mellitus Protocol at the FAA". Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 93, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2022): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6107.2022.

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INTRODUCTION: In 2019, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced a protocol to evaluate pilots with insulin treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) for special issuance (SI) medical certification for first-/second-class pilots. The protocol’s aim is improved assessment of ITDM control/hypoglycemia risk and relies on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. This study compares the characteristics of first-/second-class pilots with ITDM and certification outcome.METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively from the FAA Document Imaging Workflow System (DIWS) for pilots considered for a first-/second-class SI under the ITDM program between November 2019 and October 2021. Inclusion criteria required submission of information required for certification decision (SI vs. denial). We extracted data on demographics and CGM parameters including mean glucose, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, time in range (%), time > 250 mg · dl−1 (%), and time < 70–80 mg · dl−1 (%). We compared these parameters between pilots issued an SI vs. denial with Mann-Whitney U-tests and Fisher exact tests using R.RESULTS: Of 200 pilots with ITDM identified, 77 met inclusion criteria. Of those, 55 received SIs and 22 were denied. Pilots issued SI were statistically significantly older (46 vs. 27 yr), had a lower hemoglobin A1c (6.50% vs. 7.10%), lower average glucose (139 mg · dl−1 vs. 156 mg · dl−1), and spent less time with low glucose levels (0.95% vs. 2.0%).DISCUSSION: The FAA program has successfully medically certificated pilots with ITDM for first-/second-class. Pilots granted an ITDM SI reflect significantly better diabetes control, including less potential for hypoglycemia. As this program continues, it will potentially allow previously disqualified pilots to fly safely.Stanwyck LK, DeVoll JR, Pastore J, Gamble Z, Poe A, Gui GV. Medical certification of pilots through the insulin-treated diabetes mellitus protocol at the FAA. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(8):627–632.

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Lane-Steele, Laura. "Adjudicating Identity". Texas A&M Law Review 9, n.º 2 (marzo de 2022): 267–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v9.i2.1.

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Legal actors examine identity claims with varying degrees of intensity. For instance, to be considered “female” for the U.S. Census, self-identification alone is sufficient, and no additional evidence is necessary. To change a sex marker on a birth certificate to “female,” however, self-identification is not enough; some states require people to show that they do not have a penis to be considered “female.” Similar examples of discrepancies in the type and amount of evidence considered for identity claims abound across identities and areas of law. Yet legal actors rarely acknowledge that they are adjudicating identity in the first place, much less explain or justify the varying levels of scrutiny exacted upon identity claims. This Article attempts to make sense of identity adjudication by providing a taxonomy that explains why some identity claims are interrogated more than others. Taking a broad view of identity adjudication, it examines three types of laws (data-collection, anti-discrimination, and benefit laws) as well as four identity categories (religion, sexual orientation, sex, and race) and concludes that both the type of law at issue and the identity category affect how an identity claim is adjudicated. It then argues that across identities and types of laws, legal actors are often adjudicating identity without proper attention to the particular legal context and examining the wrong type of identity evidence in light of the specific law at issue. This context-detached approach to identity adjudication produces inconsistent and incoherent results; it can also impinge on privacy interests and reinforce problematic stereotypes. This Article calls for a context-informed approach to identity adjudication, where the question of identity is linked to the function of the specific law rather than treated as an independent and stable “truth” about an individual.

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Knyazeva, Anastasiya A. "Acquisition of the Green Vault Treasure Collection of Augustus the Strong and His Son Augustus III by Soviet State Repository for Precious Metals and Its Transfer to the German Democratic Republic (1945–58)". Herald of an archivist, n.º 2 (2022): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-421-434.

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The article reviews the exportation history of the Green Vault treasure, a jewels collection of the Saxon rulers, from Germany to the USSR in 1945, and that of their receipt in the State Repository (Gokhran) of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR. The article discusses features of accounting, studies operations with valuables in the Gokhran. The process of the Green Vault treasure transfer to the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1958 is described in detail. Scientific research on the history of the Dresden treasure focuses mostly on the collection’s formation in the 16th – 18th centuries, while its stay in the USSR is addressed fragmentarily, as the sources were declassified only in 2014. The article is to study the period in the history of the Green Vault treasure associated with its admission to and storage in the Gokhran in 1945–58. The author has studied documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics (fond 7733 Ministry of Finance of the USSR): inventories of the Dresden treasure, certificates, correspondence, acts, reports on the commissions’ work, balance books, etc. The documents highlight issues of the valuables receipt in the USSR, their description, classification, restoration by Soviet experts, and transfer to Germany. The methodological basis is comparative-historical, systematic, descriptive, and archival heuristics methods. The comprehensive study of archival documents enables to trace the fate of the Green Vault treasure in the Gokhran. All received valuables were credited to a special balance account. Soviet experts described 1,848 Green Vault items of high material value and great museum significance. The Green Vault treasure was returned to the GDR in November 1958; the statement of release and acceptance provides the exact number of Green Vault items in the Gokhran: 2,092 inventory numbers; 3,152 pieces and precious stones. Involvement of a large range of archival documents previously unknown in the scholarship highlights the history of the valuables’ receipt in the Gokhran, composition of the collection, degree of its preservation, and features of accounting in the Gokhran. A commission of art experts worked on the valuables’ attribution, as they were delivered without accompanying documents. The restoration preserved the treasure for future generations.

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Hasanov, A. R., R. A. Hasanov, A. R. Rustamov, R. A. Ahmadov y M. V. Sadikhov. "Acousto-optic Light Pulse Shaper for Measuring the Parameters of Photo-detectors". Radio Engineering, n.º 2 (22 de agosto de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36027/rdeng.0221.0000189.

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The paper emphasizes that intensive utilization of the optical range increases the need for the development of new optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, there is a growth in the need for effective methods and tools to study photoelectric properties of semiconductor materials, including photo-detectors.In the paper we have analyzed the well-known methods and tools for measuring the photo-detector parameters, defined the restrictions in their applications, and proved that it is relevant to create a measuring system, the parameters of which are easily adapted to the study of photoelectric characteristics of a wide range of semiconductor materials, including photo-detectors.The scheme and principle of operation of the acousto-optic processor and the features of the photo-elastic effect are discussed, and it is proved that they can be used to form a light pulse of required duration and power. The expressions obtained for calculating the response at the acousto-optic processor output enable us to estimate separately the effects of time of crossing the optical beam by the elastic wave packet and the photo-detector inertia.The capability to determine the time of crossing the optical beam by the elastic wave packet and taking it into account as a device error has been substantiated. The proposed formulas have been tested and by numerical analysis based on the datasheet specifications of the FD-24K photodiode, the effectiveness of the obtained expressions has been convincingly proven.The inertia parameters of a particular sample of the FD-24K photodiode are experimentally studied. The emphasis is upon measuring the rise time of the transient response of the object under study. The exact rise time value of the transient response of the experimental FD-24K sample was approximately 7 μs, which is less than that indicated (≤10 μs) in the product certificate. In real life, such a measurement is necessary when selecting the photodiode pairs with identical parameters.By comparing the results of numerical analysis and experimental studies, it has been convincingly proven that the features of the photo-elastic effect can be used to construct a light pulse shaper with the required parameters.

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Metcalf, Patricia A., Michelle L. Meyer, Chirayath M. Suchindran y Gerardo Heiss. "Assessment of a Regression Method to Reclassify Deaths Attributable to Heart Failure". Global Journal of Health Science 9, n.º 3 (12 de julio de 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n3p13.

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BACKGROUND: Evaluation of cause-specific mortality for public health research depends on accurate death certificates and vital records. However, ill-defined causes of death (termed garbage codes), such as heart failure, are often listed as the underlying cause of death. We examined a regression method proposed by Ahern and colleagues for redistributing deaths attributed to heart failure and compared it to a simulation of the regression method by bootstrapping. METHODS: Deaths attributed to heart failure in four U.S. states (Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi and North Carolina) were redistributed to a set of underlying causes of death using regression models that identified the proportion of deaths for each target code within a given state-age-sex-education group using ICD-10 mortality data. The results were compared with 3,000 bootstrapped samples with replacement regression.RESULTS: The odds of death from heart failure in the population studied increased with age, was higher in whites and lower in decedents with greater than a high school education compared to those with less than high school education. There were 18 (29.0%) subgroups that showed no significant redistribution targets for the Ahern regression method and 28 (45.2%) for the bootstrapped regression method. Ischemic heart disease was a distribution target for 28 (45.2%) of the Ahern regression subgroups and 22 (35.5%) of the bootstrapped regression subgroups. The Ahern regression method and bootstrapped regression methods were discordant in 19 (30.6%) out of the 62 subgroups examined.CONCLUSION: The Ahern regression method tended to redistribute deaths attributed to heart failure to more target groups compared with the bootstrapped regression method. Both the Ahern regression and the bootstrap regression methods were computationally intensive and inefficient, and results appeared to be influenced by the choices of sex-age-education group strata. Other methods such as coarsened exact matching and improvements to the Ahern approach are desirable additions to the tools available to mitigate the impact of garbage codes on the accuracy of death certification.

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Baylis, J., D. R. Harris, C. Chen, D. K. Ting, A. Kwan, K. Clark y D. Williscroft. "P014: Palliative and end of life care education in Canadian emergency medicine residency programs: a national cross-sectional survey". CJEM 19, S1 (mayo de 2017): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.216.

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Introduction: Palliative care is a broad approach to care for patients with serious or life-threatening illnesses. This includes relief of symptoms, such as pain, that interfere with a patient’s quality of life. It therefore falls firmly within the realm of emergency medicine (EM). 94% of emergency physicians report a need for education in dealing with death and dying. Nevertheless, there are no generally agreed upon competencies for Canadian EM residents with regard to palliative care and end of life care in the emergency department (ED). We performed a cross-sectional study of Canadian EM residency programs to measure the existing curricula in palliative and end of life care. Our primary outcome was the prevalence of structured educational programs for palliative and end of life care. Methods: An e-survey was e-mailed to all program directors of both CCFP(EM) and EM post-graduate training programs countrywide, using FluidSurveysTM. It included questions regarding current palliative and end of life care curricula from formal rotations to seminars and online modules. The survey was developed in consultation with the author group including specialists in education, palliative care medicine, emergency medicine, and medical education. Hired translators were employed to include French speaking programs in Canada. This study had ethical approval: Interior Health REB and UBC CREB certificate 2016-17-026-H. Results: The survey was open from October 12th to December 19th, 2016. During that time, we received 26 responses including 5 French speaking programs, for a response rate of 72.2%. The primary outcome was present in 38.5% of programs. There was no difference between FRCP and CCFP(EM) programs in the occurrence of the primary outcome (p=1; Fisher’s Exact Text). However, CCFP(EM) program directors commented that many of their residents had completed palliative care rotations in their family medicine training. The largest barriers to education included time (84.6%), curriculum development (80.8%), and availability of instructors (50.0%). Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis shows that few Canadian post-graduate EM programs have a structured educational program pertaining to palliative and end of life care. Current barriers to education that can be addressed in future curricular initiatives include lack of time, curriculum development, and instructor availability.

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Verigin, Sergey G., Denis A. Popov y Margarita N. Prokhorova. "New Documents on the Finnish Occupation of the Olonets Region of Karelia in 1941–44". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2023): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-131-143.

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The article analyzes newly identified documents detailing the detention of prisoners in Finnish detention facilities created on the territory of the Olonets region of Karelia during the Great Patriotic War. They provide an opportunity of studying regional aspects of the Finnish occupation of Karelia in 1941-44, comparing the data with other materials on the Finnish occupation of the Olonets region. The documents are letters of concentration camp prisoners, written to the archive in late 20th century in order to obtain certificates of their occupancy in the camp. Although the letters should have been stricken off, the archivists of the Olonets Archive have preserved them and carried out their initial analysis. These letters are, in essence, memoirs, and in the case of the Finnish occupation of Karelia, memoirs are often the only source allowing us to study the nature of the occupation regime. For instance, the letters have permitted to identify the exact location of some Finnish camps on the territory of the Olonets region, which remained unclear when working with the People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) documents. Some war crimes of the Finnish occupiers were already known, but these documents reveal new crimes of the camp guards, some against children. The letters listing names of deceased relatives are also of great interest, showing the mortality rate in the camps. In addition to confirming their occupancy in the camp, former prisoners recalled the events of the Finnish occupation of Karelia. This material demonstrates what work was performed by prisoners, reveals specific war crimes, and reconstructs everyday life in the detention camps. It is worth noting that modern Russian historiography often raises the issue of the impact of occupation on the psyche of children. The documents presented in the article contribute to the study of this issue. They can be used for studying regional aspects of the Finnish occupation of Karelia, for identifying war crimes, for micro level study of the Finnish occupation, and for indactive study of the occupation regime on the territory of the USSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War.

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Weinreb, Neal J., Deborah Barbouth y Robert E. Lee. "Causes of Death in 184 Patients with Type 1 Gaucher Disease From the United States Who Were Never Treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy". Blood 118, n.º 21 (18 de noviembre de 2011): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3128.3128.

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Abstract Abstract 3128 Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) is caused by deficient lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity with resultant accumulation of glucosylceramide predominantly within hepatic, splenic, pulmonary and bone marrow macrophages. Intravenous recombinant glucocerebrosidase (ERT) is generally safe and effective in decreasing morbidity due to the heterogeneous manifestations of GD1: hematological cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain, osteonecrosis, osteopenia and fractures. There are other complications whose responsiveness to conventional treatment is yet undetermined: atypical Parkinsonism and an increased risk for cancer (CA), particularly plasma cell and other hematological and lymphoid malignancies and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the widespread use of ERT during the past 20 years and attrition of older medical records, a phenotypically representative control group of untreated symptomatic patients for study of these late outcome events is hard to find. From 1961–97, one of us (REL) collected information on 395 US patients with GD1. We determined through public records that 217 died from 1950–2010 of whom 184 never received ERT. Here, we report confirmed causes of death (COD) for the untreated GD1 patients compared to COD reported for this time period in an age comparable overall US population. Methods: After IRB approval, COD recorded in death certificates were accessed via the National Death Index for available years 1979–2008. COD prior to 1979 were determined based on autopsy or physician communication with REL and, where possible, by death certificates obtained from State Bureaus of Vital Records. Information on COD (1950–2008) for the general US population is from US National Vital Statistics Reports. The analysis included descriptive statistics, calculation of proportional mortality ratios (PMR), and 2-tailed Fisher exact test calculations based on absolute death numbers in the GD1 and general populations. Results: COD is unknown for 9 patients who died before 1979. 111 pts were male (60.3%); 124 (67.4%) were Ashkenazi Jewish. Median age at death was 66y (2–97y). Median age at GD1 diagnosis (N=102): 39y (1–83y). Spleen status: Splenectomy 94 (51.1%); Intact 56 (30.4%); Unknown 34 (18.5%). Median age at splenectomy: 36y (1.3–78y). Symptomatic bone disease was present in 74 (40.2%), absent in 7 (3.8%) and undocumented for 103 (60.0%). COD for which the PMR was significantly increased (P<0.01): malignant neoplasms (PMR 1.57), suicide/drug overdose (PMR 3.86), chronic liver disease (PMR 4.76) and septicemia (PMR 9.22). Other COD that were disproportionately high included CNS and gastrointestinal bleeding, post-splenectomy complications, pulmonary hypertension (PHT), and Parkinsonism. Heart disease/atherosclerosis was the only COD for which PMR was very significantly decreased (0.33). PMR for cerebrovascular disease was 0.48 (P=0.027). For 57 pts with a CA COD, PMRs for myeloma (9.66), kidney CA (4.63), liver CA (4.36), NHL (4.13), and all leukemia (3.19) were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Conversely, the PMR for lung CA was 0.32 (P=0.002). There was 1 death from breast CA and none from gynecological CA. PMR for colorectal, pancreatic and prostate CA were not divergent from expected. Compared to the control population, the age distribution of deaths was identical for heart disease, septicemia, and suicide. Age at death was not younger than expected in pts with myeloma but there was a tendency for death at a younger age for GD pts with NHL, chronic liver disease and Parkinsonism. COD significantly more prevalent in surgically asplenic pts included chronic liver disease, septicemia, GI bleeding, PHT and post-splenectomy complications. Spleen status was statistically irrelevant to CA deaths including myeloma except for hepatocellular CA (splenectomy) and CLL (intact spleen). Conclusions: With earlier diagnosis, improved risk assessment and phase-out of splenectomy, COD that we encountered (chronic liver disease, GI bleeding, septicemia, PHT, suicide and drug dependency) should be increasingly rare with timely institution of appropriate treatment. Our study population of untreated pts (estimated at 5% of all US GD1 deaths from 1950–2008 but a substantially greater percentage of GD1 deaths over age 60y), should serve as a valuable control for future studies of the effect of GD1 treatment on mortality due to malignancy or other later course events. Disclosures: Weinreb: Genzyme Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Shire HGT: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Actelion Corporation: Speakers Bureau.

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Suppan, Laurent, Mohamed Abbas, Gaud Catho, Loric Stuby, Simon Regard, Stephan Harbarth, Sophia Achab y Mélanie Suppan. "Impact of a Serious Game on the Intention to Change Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial". JMIR Research Protocols 9, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2020): e25595. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25595.

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Background Nursing home residents are at high risk of complications and death due to COVID-19. Lack of resources, both human and material, amplifies the likelihood of contamination in these facilities where a single employee can contaminate dozens of residents and colleagues. Improving the dissemination of and adhesion to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines is therefore essential. Serious games have been shown to be effective in developing knowledge and in increasing engagement, and could motivate nursing home employees to change their IPC practices. Objective Our aim is to assess the impact of “Escape COVID-19,” a serious game designed to enhance knowledge and application of IPC procedures, on the intention of nursing home employees to change their IPC practices. Methods We will carry out a web-based randomized controlled trial following the CONSORT-EHEALTH (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile Health Applications and Online Telehealth) guidelines and incorporating relevant elements of CHERRIES (Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys). Participants will be randomized to either the control or the serious game (intervention) group. First, both groups will be asked to answer a questionnaire designed to gather demographic data and assess baseline knowledge. The control group will then receive a quick reminder of the current national guidelines and links to IPC guidelines for health care professionals, while the other group will play the game. Both groups will then have to answer a second questionnaire designed to assess their willingness to change their IPC practices after having followed their respective material. After completing this questionnaire, they will be granted access to the material presented to the group they were not assigned to and receive a course completion certificate. The primary outcome will be the proportion of participants willing to change their IPC practices according to group. Secondary outcomes will include the analysis of specific questions detailing the exact changes considered by the participants. Factors associated with participant willingness or reluctance to change behavior will also be assessed. Attrition will also be assessed at each stage of the study. Results The study protocol has been presented to our regional ethics committee (Req-2020-01262), which issued a declaration of no objection as such projects do not fall within the scope of the Swiss federal law on human research. Data collection began on November 5, 2020, and should be completed by December 4, 2020. Conclusions This study should determine whether “Escape COVID-19,” a serious game designed to improve compliance with COVID-19 safe practices, modifies the intention to follow IPC guidelines among nursing home employees. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/25595

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