Literatura académica sobre el tema "Cerebral/brain organoid"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Cerebral/brain organoid"
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Logan, Sarah, Thiago Arzua, Yasheng Yan, Congshan Jiang, Xiaojie Liu, Lai-Kang Yu, Qing-Song Liu y Xiaowen Bai. "Dynamic Characterization of Structural, Molecular, and Electrophysiological Phenotypes of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Organoids, and Comparison with Fetal and Adult Gene Profiles". Cells 9, n.º 5 (23 de mayo de 2020): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051301.
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Background: The development of 3D cerebral organoid technology using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a promising platform to study how brain diseases are appropriately modeled and treated. So far, understanding of the characteristics of organoids is still in its infancy. The current study profiled, for the first time, the electrophysiological properties of organoids at molecular and cellular levels and dissected the potential age equivalency of 2-month-old organoids to human ones by a comparison of gene expression profiles among cerebral organoids, human fetal and adult brains. Results: Cerebral organoids exhibit heterogeneous gene and protein markers of various brain cells, such as neurons, astrocytes, and vascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) at 2 months, and increases in neural, glial, vascular, and channel-related gene expression over a 2-month differentiation course. Two-month organoids exhibited action potentials, multiple channel activities, and functional electrophysiological responses to the anesthetic agent propofol. A bioinformatics analysis of 20,723 gene expression profiles showed the similar distance of gene profiles in cerebral organoids to fetal and adult brain tissues. The subsequent Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of select canonical pathways related to neural development, network formation, and electrophysiological signaling, revealed that only calcium signaling, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling in neurons, glutamate receptor signaling, and synaptogenesis signaling were predicted to be downregulated in cerebral organoids relative to fetal samples. Nearly all cerebral organoid and fetal pathway phenotypes were predicted to be downregulated compared with adult tissue. Conclusions: This novel study highlights dynamic development, cellular heterogeneity and electrophysiological activity. In particular, for the first time, electrophysiological drug response recapitulates what occurs in vivo, and neural characteristics are predicted to be highly similar to the human brain, further supporting the promising application of the cerebral organoid system for the modeling of the human brain in health and disease. Additionally, the studies from these characterizations of cerebral organoids in multiple levels and the findings from gene comparisons between cerebral organoids and humans (fetuses and adults) help us better understand this cerebral organoid-based cutting-edge platform and its wide uses in modeling human brain in terms of health and disease, development, and testing drug efficacy and toxicity.
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Peng, Xiyao, Lei Wu, Qiushi Li, Yuqing Ge, Tiegang Xu y Jianlong Zhao. "An Easy-to-Use Arrayed Brain–Heart Chip". Biosensors 14, n.º 11 (22 de octubre de 2024): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14110517.
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Multi-organ chips are effective at emulating human tissue and organ functions and at replicating the interactions among tissues and organs. An arrayed brain–heart chip was introduced whose configuration comprises open culture chambers and closed biomimetic vascular channels distributed in a horizontal pattern, separated from each other by an endothelial barrier based on fibrin matrix. A 300 μm-high and 13.2 mm-long endothelial barrier surrounded each organoid culture chamber, thereby satisfying the material transport requirements. Numerical simulations were used to analyze the construction process of fibrin barriers in order to optimize the structural design and experimental manipulation, which exhibited a high degree of correlation with experiment results. In each interconnective unit, a cerebral organoid, a cardiac organoid, and endothelial cells were co-cultured stably for a minimum of one week. The permeability of the endothelial barrier and recirculating perfusion enabled cross talk between cerebral organoids and cardiac organoids, as well as between organoids and endothelial cells. This was corroborated by the presence of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the cerebral organoid culture chamber and the observation of cerebral organoid and endothelial cells invading the fibrin matrix after one week of co-culture. The arrayed chip was simple to manipulate, clearly visible under a microscope, and compatible with automated pipetting devices, and therefore had significant potential for application.
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Simsa, Robin, Theresa Rothenbücher, Hakan Gürbüz, Nidal Ghosheh, Jenny Emneus, Lachmi Jenndahl, David L. Kaplan, Niklas Bergh, Alberto Martinez Serrano y Per Fogelstrand. "Brain organoid formation on decellularized porcine brain ECM hydrogels". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 1 (28 de enero de 2021): e0245685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245685.
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Human brain tissue models such as cerebral organoids are essential tools for developmental and biomedical research. Current methods to generate cerebral organoids often utilize Matrigel as an external scaffold to provide structure and biologically relevant signals. Matrigel however is a nonspecific hydrogel of mouse tumor origin and does not represent the complexity of the brain protein environment. In this study, we investigated the application of a decellularized adult porcine brain extracellular matrix (B-ECM) which could be processed into a hydrogel (B-ECM hydrogel) to be used as a scaffold for human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived brain organoids. We decellularized pig brains with a novel detergent- and enzyme-based method and analyzed the biomaterial properties, including protein composition and content, DNA content, mechanical characteristics, surface structure, and antigen presence. Then, we compared the growth of human brain organoid models with the B-ECM hydrogel or Matrigel controls in vitro. We found that the native brain source material was successfully decellularized with little remaining DNA content, while Mass Spectrometry (MS) showed the loss of several brain-specific proteins, while mainly different collagen types remained in the B-ECM. Rheological results revealed stable hydrogel formation, starting from B-ECM hydrogel concentrations of 5 mg/mL. hESCs cultured in B-ECM hydrogels showed gene expression and differentiation outcomes similar to those grown in Matrigel. These results indicate that B-ECM hydrogels can be used as an alternative scaffold for human cerebral organoid formation, and may be further optimized for improved organoid growth by further improving protein retention other than collagen after decellularization.
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Bao, Zhongyuan, Kaiheng Fang, Zong Miao, Chong Li, Chaojuan Yang, Qiang Yu, Chen Zhang, Zengli Miao, Yan Liu y Jing Ji. "Human Cerebral Organoid Implantation Alleviated the Neurological Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (22 de noviembre de 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6338722.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality and disability, and its treatment is still limited. Loss of neurons in damaged area is hardly rescued by relative molecular therapies. Based on its disease characteristics, we transplanted human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cerebral organoids in the brain lesions of controlled cortical impact- (CCI-) modeled severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Grafted organoids survived and differentiated in CCI-induced lesion pools in mouse cortical tissue. Implanted cerebral organoids differentiated into various types of neuronal cells, extended long projections, and showed spontaneous action, as indicated by electromyographic activity in the grafts. Induced vascularization and reduced glial scar were also found after organoid implantation, suggesting grafting could improve local situation and promote neural repair. More importantly, the CCI mice’s spatial learning and memory improved after organoid grafting. These findings suggest that cerebral organoid implanted in lesion sites differentiates into cortical neurons, forms long projections, and reverses deficits in spatial learning and memory, a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI.
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Harary, Paul M., Rachel Blue, Mackenzie Castellanos, Mehek Dedhia, Sarah Hamimi, Dennis Jgamadze, Benjamin Rees et al. "Human brain organoid transplantation: ethical implications of enhancing specific cerebral functions in small-animal models". Molecular Psychology: Brain, Behavior, and Society 2 (6 de junio de 2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/molpsychol.17544.1.
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Brain organoids are self-organizing, three-dimensional tissues derived from pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate many aspects of the cellular diversity and architectural features of the developing brain. Recently, there has been growing interest in using human brain organoid transplantation in animal models as a means of addressing the limitations of in vitro culture, such as the lack of vascularization, and to explore the potential of organoids for neural repair. While there has been substantial debate on the ethical implications of brain organoid research, particularly the potential for organoids to exhibit higher-order brain functions such as consciousness, the impact of human organoid grafts on animal hosts has been less extensively discussed. Enhancement of host animal brain function may not be technically feasible at this time, but it is imperative to carefully consider the moral significance of these potential outcomes. Here, we discuss the ethical implications of enhancing somatosensation, motor processes, memory, and basic socialization in small-animal models. We consider the moral implications of such outcomes and if safeguards are needed to accommodate any increased moral status of animals transplanted with human brain organoids.
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Estridge, R. Chris, Jennifer E. O’Neill y Albert J. Keung. "Matrigel Tunes H9 Stem Cell-Derived Human Cerebral Organoid Development". Organoids 2, n.º 4 (5 de octubre de 2023): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/organoids2040013.
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Human cerebral organoids are readily generated from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells and are useful in studying human neurodevelopment. Recent work with human cerebral organoids have explored the creation of different brain regions and the impacts of soluble and mechanical cues. Matrigel is a gelatinous, heterogenous mixture of extracellular matrix proteins, morphogens, and growth factors secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells. It is a core component of almost all cerebral organoid protocols, generally supporting neuroepithelial budding and tissue polarization; yet, its roles and effects beyond its general requirement in organoid protocols are not well understood, and its mode of delivery is variable, including the embedding of organoids within it or its delivery in soluble form. Given its widespread usage, we asked how H9 stem cell-derived hCO development and composition are affected by Matrigel dosage and delivery method. We found Matrigel exposure influences organoid size, morphology, and cell type composition. We also showed that greater amounts of Matrigel promote an increase in the number of choroid plexus (ChP) cells, and this increase is regulated by the BMP4 pathway. These results illuminate the effects of Matrigel on human cerebral organoid development and the importance of delivery mode and amount on organoid phenotype and composition.
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Shnaider, T. A. "Cerebral organoids: a promising model in cellular technologies". Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, n.º 2 (8 de abril de 2018): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.344.
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The development of the human brain is a complex multi-stage process including the formation of various types of neural cells and their interactions. Many fundamental mechanisms of neurogenesis have been established due to the studying of model animals. However, significant differences in the brain structure compared to other animals do not allow considering all aspects of the human brain formation, which could play the main role in the development of unique cognitive abilities for human. Four years ago, Lancaster’s group elaborated human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoid technology, which opened a unique opportunity for researchers to model early stages of human neurogenesis in vitro. Cerebral organoids closely remodel many endogenous brain regions with specific cell composition like ventricular zone with radial glia, choroid plexus, and cortical plate with upper and deeper-layer neurons. Moreover, human brain development includes interactions between different brain regions. Generation of hybrid three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different brain region identity allows remodeling some of them, including long-distance neuronal migration or formation of major axonal tracts. In this review, we consider the technology of obtaining human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different modifications and with different brain region identity. In addition, we discuss successful implementation of this technology in fundamental and applied research like modeling of different neurodevelopmental disorders and drug screening. Finally, we regard existing problems and prospects for development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived threedimensional cerebral organoid technology.
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Roosen, Mieke, Chris Meulenbroeks, Phylicia Stathi, Joris Maas, Julie Morscio, Jens Bunt y Marcel Kool. "BIOL-11. PRECLINICAL MODELLING OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS USING ORGANOID TECHNOLOGY". Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_1 (1 de junio de 2023): i8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad073.030.
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Abstract Molecular characterization has resulted in improved classification of pediatric brain tumors, leading to many novel (sub)types with distinct oncodriving events. To study tumor biology and to perform translational research on each of these tumors, preclinical models are essential. However, we are currently lacking sufficient models, especially in vitro, to represent each (sub)type and their heterogeneity. To generate large series of preclinical in vitro models for pediatric brain tumors, we are using organoid technology. Cells from patient samples and patient-derived xenograft samples have been taken into culture to establish 3D organoids using tumor type specific culture conditions. These organoid lines retain the molecular characteristics of the original tumor tissue. They can be used to perform high-throughput drug screens, genetic manipulations, and co-cultures with, for instance, immune cells. Viable tissue is not always available for all tumor (sub)types and specific oncodrivers. To circumvent this lack of tissue, we can also induce tumors in vitro. Therefore, we generate cerebral and cerebellar brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. These organoids mimic human developing brain cells and can be genetically manipulated to model different brain tumor types. These genetically engineered brain tumor models allow us to study the cellular origins of pediatric brain tumors and the different tumor driving mechanisms. Tumors induced in the brain organoids histologically and molecularly resemble human patient samples based on (single cell) transcriptomic analyses. Moreover, the tumor cells are able to establish xenografts in mouse brains. In summary, organoid technology provides a novel avenue to establish in vitro models for pediatric brain tumors. At the meeting we will present data for various new ependymoma, medulloblastoma and embryonal brain tumor organoid models.
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Delepine, Chloe, Vincent A. Pham, Hayley W. S. Tsang y Mriganka Sur. "GSK3ß inhibitor CHIR 99021 modulates cerebral organoid development through dose-dependent regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and migration". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 5 (5 de mayo de 2021): e0251173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251173.
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Cerebral organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are unique in their ability to recapitulate human-specific neurodevelopmental events. They are capable of modeling the human brain and its cell composition, including human-specific progenitor cell types; ordered laminar compartments; and both cell-specific transcriptional signatures and the broader telencephalic transcriptional landscape. The serine/threonine kinase, GSK3β, plays a critical role in neurodevelopment, controlling processes as varied as neurogenesis, morphological changes, polarization, and migration. In the generation of cerebral organoids, inhibition of GSK3β at low doses has been used to increase organoid size and decrease necrotic core. However, little is known of the effects of GSK3β inhibition on organoid development. Here, we demonstrate that while low dose of GSK3β inhibitor CHIR 99021 increases organoid size, higher dose actually reduces organoid size; with the highest dose arresting organoid growth. To examine the mechanisms that may contribute to the phenotypic size differences observed in these treatment groups, we show that low dose of CHIR 99021 increases cell survival, neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal migration. A higher dose, however, decreases not only apoptosis but also proliferation, and arrests neural differentiation, enriching the pool of neuroepithelial cells, and decreasing the pools of early neuronal progenitors and neurons. These results reveal new mechanisms of the pleiotropic effects of GSK3β during organoid development, providing essential information for the improvement of organoid production and ultimately shedding light on the mechanisms of embryonic brain development.
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Yakoub, Abraam M. y Mark Sadek. "Development and Characterization of Human Cerebral Organoids". Cell Transplantation 27, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689717752946.
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Studies of human neurodevelopmental disorders and stem cell–based regenerative transplants have been hampered by the lack of a model of the developing human brain. Stem cell–derived neurons suffer major limitations, including the ability to recapitulate the 3-dimensional architecture of a brain tissue and the representation of multiple layers and cell types that contribute to the overall brain functions in vivo. Recently, cerebral organoid technology was introduced; however, such technology is still in its infancy, and its low reproducibility and limitations significantly reduce the reliability of such a model as it currently exists, especially considering the complexity of cerebral-organoid protocols. Here we have tested and compared multiple protocols and conditions for growth of organoids, and we describe an optimized methodology, and define the necessary and sufficient factors that support the development of optimal organoids. Our optimization criteria included organoids’ overall growth and size, stratification and representation of the various cell types, inter-batch variability, analysis of neuronal maturation, and even the cost of the procedure. Importantly, this protocol encompasses a plethora of technical tips that allow researchers to easily reproduce it and obtain reliable organoids with the least variability, and showcases a robust array of approaches to characterize successful organoids. This optimized protocol provides a reliable system for genetic or pharmacological (drug development) screens and may enhance understanding and therapy of human neurodevelopmental disorders, including harnessing the therapeutic potential of stem cell–derived transplants.
Tesis sobre el tema "Cerebral/brain organoid"
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Raguin, Jérémy. "Modélisation de la niche tumorale des gliomes dans des organoïdes cérébraux humains vascularisés et immunocompétents". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5148.
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Malgré un traitement multimodal agressif associant chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie, le glioblastome (GBM) récidive systématiquement. Les récidives sont dues, au moins en partie, à la présence de cellules souches de glioblastome (CSG) qui sont résistantes aux traitements et, en particulier, à l'irradiation. En outre, les CSG sont situées dans un microenvironnement tumoral favorisant leur développement. Notamment, les CSG sont associées aux vaisseaux qui régulent leur prolifération, leur survie et favorisent leur invasion. Par ailleurs, les macrophages associés aux tumeurs (MAT) représentent la population la plus abondante des cellules non tumorales au sein des GBM et leur abondance est corrélée à la gravité des GBM. Ces TAM proviennent du recrutement de monocytes circulants et des cellules microgliales (macrophages résidents) qui acquièrent des propriétés immunosuppressives (pro-tumorales). Le développement récent d'organoïdes cérébraux humains obtenus à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines (IPSC) permet de modéliser la physiologie et la physiopathologie du cerveau tel que le gliome. Ces organoïdes sont des structures 3D avatars du cerveau et issus de la différenciation de cellules souches embryonnaires ou d'IPSC. Cependant, la plupart des modèles d'organoïdes sont dépourvus de systèmes vasculaire et immunitaire qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans le cerveau sain et dans les mécanismes physiopathologiques. L'objectif de ma thèse a été de développer un nouveau modèle d'organoïdes cérébraux complexes contenant une vascularisation et des cellules immunitaires afin de modéliser le microenvironnement tumoral du GBM. Plusieurs lignées humaines d'IPSC ont été différenciées pour obtenir d'une part des organoïdes cérébraux et d'autre part des hémangioblastes (progéniteurs bipotents hématopoïétiques /endothéliaux). L'incorporation d'hémangioblastes dans les organoïdes cérébraux a été réalisée précocement au cours de leur formation afin de mimer la colonisation du cerveau, au cours du développement cérébral, par les cellules endothéliales et les macrophages primitifs qui sont à l'origine des vaisseaux et des cellules microgliales. Ces organoïdes cérébraux complexes ont été caractérisés par différentes approches d'immunohistologie, FACS et RT-qPCR. De vastes structures vasculaires se sont développées dans les organoïdes et présentaient des caractéristiques de la barrière hématoencéphalique. De plus, ces structures vasculaires étaient perfusées lorsque les organoïdes ont été transplantés dans des souris immunodéficientes. Des cellules présentant un phénotype ainsi que des fonctionnalités caractéristiques des cellules microgliales se sont également développées dans les organoïdes complexes. Des lignées de CSG, dérivées de patients atteints de GBM ou d'astrocytome de grade IV, ont été co-cultivées dans les organoïdes complexes puis irradiés, ou non, afin de mimer la radiothérapie. J'ai montré que les CSG semblaient coopter les structures vasculaires et perturbaient l'expression d'une protéine d'adhésion cellulaire dans les cellules endothéliales. Par ailleurs, la présence de CSG dans les organoïdes complexes provoquait une reprogrammation des cellules microgliales en TAM immunosuppresseurs. Enfin, les CSG avaient une capacité de prolifération accrue après irradiation et présentaient un profil transcriptomique plus agressif. L'ensemble de ces résultats montre que ces organoïdes cérébraux complexes humains permettent de modéliser un microenvironnement tumoral du GBM ainsi que la récurrence après radiothérapie. En conclusion, notre modèle d'organoïdes cérébraux complexes vascularisés et immunocompétents devrait être utile pour comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques de diverses maladies du cerveau comme le GBM et permettra de découvrir de nouvelles thérapiesDespite an aggressive multimodal treatment combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) systematically recurs. Recurrence is due, at least, to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) that are resistant to treatment and, in particular, to irradiation. In addition, GSC are located in a tumour microenvironment that favours their development. Specifically, GSC are associated with vessels, which regulate their proliferation and survival and encourage their invasion. Furthermore, tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the most abundant population of non-tumour cells within GBM and their abundance correlates with GBM severity. These TAM originate from the recruitment of circulating monocytes and microglial cells (resident macrophages) which acquire immunosuppressive (pro-tumour) properties. The recent development of human cerebral organoids obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) makes it possible to model the physiology and pathophysiology of the brain, such as gliomas. These organoids are 3D avatars of the brain, derived from the differentiation of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC). However, most organoid models lack the vascular and immune systems that play an essential role in the healthy brain and in pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of my thesis was to develop a new model of complex cerebral organoids containing vascularisation and immune cells in order to model the tumour microenvironment of GBM. Several human IPSC lines were differentiated to obtain both cerebral organoids and hemangioblasts (bipotent hematopoietic/endothelial progenitors). The incorporation of hemangioblasts into the cerebral organoids was carried out early in their formation to mimic the colonisation of the brain, during cerebral development, by endothelial cells and primitive macrophages that are at the origin of vessels and microglial cells. These complex cerebral organoids were characterised using various approaches (immunohistological, FACS and RT-qPCR). Extensive vascular structures developed in the organoids and showed characteristics of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, these vascular structures were perfused when the organoids were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Cells with a microglial phenotype and typical functionalities also developed in complex organoids. GSC lines derived from patients with GBM or grade IV astrocytoma were co-cultured in complex organoids and then irradiated, or not, to model radiotherapy. I showed that GSC appeared to co-opt vascular structures and disrupted the expression of a cell adhesion protein in endothelial cells. Furthermore, the presence of GSC in complex organoids induced reprogramming of microglial cells into immunosuppressive TAM. Finally, GSC had an increased proliferation capacity after irradiation and presented a more aggressive transcriptomic profile. Taken together, these results show that these complex human cerebral organoids can be used to model GBM tumour microenvironment and recurrence after radiotherapy. In conclusion, our model of complex vascularized and immunocompetent cerebral organoids should be useful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of various brain diseases, such as GBM, and to discover new therapies
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Bothwell, John Henry Fordyce. "Swelling-activated organic osmolyte decrease in brain tissue preparations". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326110.
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Bandeira, Nuno Filipe Cabrita. "Aplicação de técnicas de aprendizagem à análise de EEGs". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCT-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia -- -Departamento de Informática, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29396.
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GONCALVES, MARCOS M. "Sintese, marcacao com sup99m Tc e biocinetica de radiofarmacos perfusorios diaminoditolicos para cintilografias cerebrais". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10727.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06499.pdf: 9372360 bytes, checksum: 860224aa4925c30f5d7fc4daccb82da1 (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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ANTEBI-MACHALOVA, HELENA. "Effet de l'ethanol sur le metabolisme hepatique et cerebral du glutathion chez le rat : action de la desferrioxamine b". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066525.
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L'administration de desferrioxamine (chelateur du fer et capteur du radical superoxyde) a des animaux soumis a une intoxication alcoolique aigue ou chronique previent la baisse de la teneur en glutathion dans les tissus hepatiques et cerebraux. L'elevation de l'activite de la glutathion peroxydase et de la glutathion reductase representerait un mecanisme d'adaptation aux concentrations elevees de lipoperoxydes observees lors de l'intoxication alcoolique chronique
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Silva, Ana Manuela Veloso da. "Application of Brain Organoids to Study Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Portuguese Cohort". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97632.
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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaIntrodução: A Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) caracteriza-se por dificuldade na interação social e comunicação, bem como pela presença de comportamentos repetitivos, restritivos e estereotipados. Esta perturbação do neurodesenvolvimento afeta 9.2 em cada 10000 crianças, em Portugal, e não apresenta cura nem biomarcadores que possibilitem a sua deteção e diagnóstico. Para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a PEA, desenvolvemos e caracterizamos, usando técnicas de coloração, organóides cerebrais, modelos que replicam o desenvolvimento cerebral.Objetivos: Realizar uma caracterização clínica da população de indivíduos com PEA e explorar os organóides cerebrais humanos como modelo para avaliar o neurodesenvolvimento.Materiais e métodos: Caracterizamos uma população de 18 indivíduos do Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, analisando os seus dados clínicos sobre neurodesenvolvimento, comorbilidades, terapias, história familiar, dados gestacionais e índice Apgar. O diagnóstico de PEA foi baseado em instrumentos gold standard (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised e Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) e no estudo genético etiológico, quando disponível. Na população controlo, com 19 elementos, a PEA foi excluída através do Social Communication Questionnaire e outro questionário, que visava obter informação clínica. Células estaminais dentárias foram recolhidas e posteriormente armazenadas no biobanco do Hospital Pediátrico. Aos organóides cerebrais foram aplicados três protocolos de coloração e um de imunohistoquímica e as imagens resultantes foram analisadas com os softwares Zen e Image J.Resultados: Caracterizamos a nossa população com PEA. Observamos que os níveis de PEA se distribuem pelos níveis de Perturbação do Desenvolvimento Intelectual de forma díspar (p = 0.034; coeficiente de tau kendel b = 0.505) e que o peso ao nascimento estava relacionado com o número de comorbilidades (p = 0.021). Além disso, foi possível caracterizar os organóides cerebrais, através dos diferentes tipos de coloração, e identificar as diferenças entre as estruturas neles presentes.Discussão: A nossa população com PEA apresenta uma grande variabilidade, o que é uma vantagem quando se estuda uma perturbação complexa como esta. Necessitamos aumentar o número de indivíduos da nossa população para possibilitar uma análise comparativa entre diferentes categorias da mesma. Os protocolos aplicados aos organóides cerebrais mostraram ser de simples aplicação e eficazes, já que permitiram uma boa caracterização estrutural.Conclusão: Foi possível uma completa caracterização da população com PEA e os protocolos de coloração provaram ser eficientes no estudo da estrutura dos organóides cerebrais. Este estudo irá permitir o futuro desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas para a PEA.
Introduction: Social impairment, difficulties in communication and interaction, as well as repetitive, restrictive and stereotypical behaviours are some of the core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This lifelong neurodevelopment disorder affects 9.2 in 10000 children in Portugal, there is no cure neither biomarkers to detect it and confirm the diagnosis. Brain organoids, as translatable models, were developed and characterized using staining techniques in order to increase our knowledge on this cerebral disorder.Objectives: Perform a clinical characterisation of our cohort of ASD patients and explore human brain organoids as a model to assess neurodevelopment.Materials and Methods: We characterized a cohort of 18 patients from Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra by analysing their clinical data on neurodevelopmental, comorbidities, medication, family history, gestation data and Apgar score. ASD diagnosis was based on gold standard instruments (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and an etiologic genetic study in some cases. In the control population we have 19 elements and ASD was excluded based on the Social Communication Questionnaire and another questionnaire was applied to collect data on clinical and neurodevelopment signs. Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth were collected and stored in Hospital Pediátrico’s biobank. Brain organoids were analysed with three staining protocols and one immunohistochemistry protocol and the resulting images were analysed using Zen and Image J software, to better understand their conformation.Results: We were able to fully characterize our ASD population. ASD levels were distributed through the Intellectual Disability levels in an unbalanced way (p=0.034; tau kendel b coeficient=0.505) and the weight at birth was related with the number of comorbidities (p=0.021). Additionally, it was possible to characterize cryosections from brain organoids, with different kind of staining to identify the structural differences in Brain Organoids. Discussion: Our ASD population is greatly varied and this is certainly an advantage when studying a complex disorder that is ASD. A greater number of individuals is required for comparative analysis between different categories of the population. The protocols applied to brain organoids are straightforward and valuable, as they allow for a good characterization of their structures. Conclusion: We have managed to fully characterize our ASD population and staining protocols have proven to be efficient and practical ways of studying brain organoids’ structure during neurodevelopment. This work will lay the groundwork for the development and testing of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Kanton, Sabina. "Dissecting human cortical development evolution and malformation using organoids and single-cell transcriptomics". 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71686.
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During the last years, important progress has been made in modeling early brain development using 3-dimensional in vitro systems, so-called cerebral organoids. These can be grown from pluripotent stem cells of different species such as our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees and from patients carrying disease mutations that affect brain development. This offers the possibility to study uniquely human features of brain development as well as to identify gene networks altered in neurological diseases. Profiling the transcriptional landscape of cells provides insights into how gene expression programs have changed during evolution and are affected by disease. Previously, studies of this kind were realized using bulk RNA-sequencing, essentially measuring ensemble signals of genes across potentially heterogeneous populations and thus obscured subtle changes with respect to transient cell states or cellular subtypes. However, remarkable advances during the last years have enabled researchers to profile the transcriptomes of single cells in high throughput.
This thesis demonstrates how single-cell transcriptomics can be used to dissect human-specific features of the developing and adult brain as well as cellular subpopulations dysregulated in a malformation of the cortex.
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Costa, Maria Gabriela Meneses. "Relatório de Estágio e Monografia intitulada" Organoides Cerebrais na Modelação de Doenças Degenerativas e Infeciosas". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99162.
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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de FarmáciaO presente documento redigido no âmbito da Unidade Curricular “Estágio Curricular” do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra inclui dois relatórios de estágio e uma monografia. Os relatórios de estágio, que seguem uma estrutura de análise SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), incidem sobre os estágios realizados na Indústria Farmacêutica Bluepharma Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A e em Farmácia Comunitária, na Farmácia Santiago, em Góis. A monografia, intitulada “Organoides Cerebrais na Modelação de Doenças Degenerativas e Infeciosas”, sintetiza os principais avanços científicos e direções futuras dos mais recentes modelos de estudo da fisiologia cerebral, os organoides cerebrais, expondo o conhecimento atual, descoberta, metodologias de obtenção, aplicação e principais desafios inerentes à técnica. De modo particular, destaca a modelação de doenças neurológicas como a Doença de Alzheimer, para exemplo de uma doença degenerativa, e infeção pelo vírus Zika e pelo vírus SARS-CoV2. Os organoides cerebrais são culturas tridimensionais in vitro que representam uma ferramenta de última geração para diagnósticos preditivos, compreensão fisiopatológica e desenvolvimento de terapias individualizadas, principalmente quando otimizados com o conhecimento de outras áreas científicas. Este documento conclui o ciclo de estudos com o trabalho realizado durante o último semestre do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas.
This document written within the "Curricular Internship" of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Science of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra includes of two internship reports and a monograph.The internship reports, which follow a SWOT analysis structure (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), focus on the internships carried out at the Pharmaceutical Industry Bluepharma Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A. and at Community Pharmacy,at the Farmácia Santiago, in Góis. The monograph, entitled "Brain Organoids in Modeling Degenerative and Infectious Diseases", summarizes the main scientific advances and future directions of the most recent models for the study of brain physiology, the brain organoids, exposing current knowledge, discovery, methodologies for obtaining, application, and main challenges inherent to the technique. In particular, the monograph highlights the modeling of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, as an example of a degenerative disease, and infection by the Zika virus and by the SARS-CoV2 virus. Brain organoids are three-dimensional in vitro cultures that represent a state-of-the-art tool for predictive diagnoses, pathophysiological understanding and development of individualized therapies, especially when optimized with knowledge from other scientific areas. This document summarizes the end of this these studies with the work carried out during the last semester of the Integrated Master in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Costa, Maria Gabriela Meneses. "Relatório de Estágio e Monografia intitulada" Organoides Cerebrais na Modelação de Doenças Degenerativas e Infeciosas". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99172.
Texto completoResumen
Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de FarmáciaO presente documento redigido no âmbito da Unidade Curricular “Estágio Curricular” do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra inclui dois relatórios de estágio e uma monografia. Os relatórios de estágio, que seguem uma estrutura de análise SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), incidem sobre os estágios realizados na Indústria Farmacêutica Bluepharma Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A e em Farmácia Comunitária, na Farmácia Santiago, em Góis. A monografia, intitulada “Organoides Cerebrais na Modelação de Doenças Degenerativas e Infeciosas”, sintetiza os principais avanços científicos e direções futuras dos mais recentes modelos de estudo da fisiologia cerebral, os organoides cerebrais, expondo o conhecimento atual, descoberta, metodologias de obtenção, aplicação e principais desafios inerentes à técnica. De modo particular, destaca a modelação de doenças neurológicas como a Doença de Alzheimer, para exemplo de uma doença degenerativa, e infeção pelo vírus Zika e pelo vírus SARS-CoV2. Os organoides cerebrais são culturas tridimensionais in vitro que representam uma ferramenta de última geração para diagnósticos preditivos, compreensão fisiopatológica e desenvolvimento de terapias individualizadas, principalmente quando otimizados com o conhecimento de outras áreas científicas. Este documento conclui o ciclo de estudos com o trabalho realizado durante o último semestre do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas.
This document written within the "Curricular Internship" of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Science of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra includes of two internship reports and a monograph.The internship reports, which follow a SWOT analysis structure (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), focus on the internships carried out at the Pharmaceutical Industry Bluepharma Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A. and at Community Pharmacy,at the Farmácia Santiago, in Góis. The monograph, entitled "Brain Organoids in Modeling Degenerative and Infectious Diseases", summarizes the main scientific advances and future directions of the most recent models for the study of brain physiology, the brain organoids, exposing current knowledge, discovery, methodologies for obtaining, application, and main challenges inherent to the technique. In particular, the monograph highlights the modeling of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, as an example of a degenerative disease, and infection by the Zika virus and by the SARS-CoV2 virus. Brain organoids are three-dimensional in vitro cultures that represent a state-of-the-art tool for predictive diagnoses, pathophysiological understanding and development of individualized therapies, especially when optimized with knowledge from other scientific areas. This document summarizes the end of this these studies with the work carried out during the last semester of the Integrated Master in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Libros sobre el tema "Cerebral/brain organoid"
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Lishman, William Alwyn. Organic psychiatry: The psychological consequences of cerebral disorder. 3a ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1987.
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Martin, Paul D. Mensajeros al cerebro: Nuestros fantásticos sentidos. Washington, DC, USA: National Geographic Society, 1994.
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Lishman, William Alwyn. Organic Psychiatry: The Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder. 2a ed. Blackwell Science Inc, 1988.
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Effects of ginkgo biloba extract on organic cerebral impairment: A selection of thirteen papers presented at the international symposium held in New York, 22nd September 1984. London: Libbey, 1985.
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Gaitanis, John, Phillip L. Pearl y Howard Goodkin. The EEG in Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Editado por Donald L. Schomer y Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0013.
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Nervous system alterations can occur at any stage of prenatal or postnatal development. Any of these derangements, whether environmental or genetic, will affect electrical transmission, causing electroencephalogram (EEG) alteration and possibly epilepsy. Genetic insults may be multisystemic (for example, neurocutaneous syndromes) or affect only the brain. Gene mutations account for inborn errors of metabolism, channelopathies, brain malformations, and impaired synaptogenesis. Inborn errors of metabolism cause seizures and EEG abnormalities through a variety of mechanisms, including disrupted energy metabolism (mitochondrial disorders, glucose transporter defect), neuronal toxicity (amino and organic acidopathies), impaired neuronal function (lysosomal and peroxisomal disorders), alteration of neurotransmitter systems (nonketotic hyperglycinemia), and vitamin and co-factor dependency (pyridoxine-dependent seizures). Environmental causes of perinatal brain injury often result in motor or intellectual impairment (cerebral palsy). Multiple proposed etiologies exist for autism, many focusing on synaptic development. This chapter reviews the EEG findings associated with this myriad of pathologies occurring in childhood.
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National Geographic Society (U. S.). Mensajeros Al Cerebro Nuestros Fantasticos. C. D. Stampley Enterprises, 1994.
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Intellectual functions and the brain: An historical perspective. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1992.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Cerebral/brain organoid"
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Daoutsali, Elena y Ronald A. M. Buijsen. "Establishment of In Vitro Brain Models for AON Delivery". En Methods in Molecular Biology, 257–64. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_17.
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AbstractProgress in stem cell biology has made it possible to generate human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that can be differentiated into complex, three-dimensional structures, where the cells are spatially organized. To study brain development, Lancaster and colleagues developed an hiPSC-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions. Here we describe in detail the generation of cerebral organoids using a modified version of the culture protocol.
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Murray, Liam, Meagan N. Olson, Nathaniel Barton, Pepper Dawes, Yingleong Chan y Elaine T. Lim. "FACS-Based Sequencing Approach to Evaluate Cell Type to Genotype Associations Using Cerebral Organoids". En Stem Cell-Based Neural Model Systems for Brain Disorders, 193–99. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_15.
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Ribierre, Théo y Stéphanie Baulac. "Brain Mosaicism in Epileptogenic Cortical Malformations". En Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, editado por Jeffrey L. Noebels, 861–80. 5a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197549469.003.0043.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) and mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE), a mild malformation of cortical development, for which genetic advances have been remarkable in recent years. There is now clear evidence that FCDII is caused by brain somatic mutations in genes belonging to the mTOR pathway, and that MOGHE, a mild malformation of cortical development, is due to somatic mutations in the SLC35A2 gene, encoding the major Golgi-localized UDP-galactose transporter. Numerous rodent models using the in utero electroporation procedure have been used to model FCDII and recapitulate most neuropathological and clinical features. This chapter discusses the recent advances in using cerebral organoids to model neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Pearson, R. C. A. "Neuroanatomy". En New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 144–56. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0018.
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The symptoms, signs, and syndromes of psychiatry, whether organic or biological psychiatric disease or not, in the main reflect alterations in functions which reside in the cerebral cortex, including the limbic lobe, and those structures and pathways closely related to the cortex. These cortical manifestations of psychiatric disease include alterations in thought, language, perception, mood, memory, motivation, personality, behaviour, and intellect. Therefore, this brief account of brain structures and pathways that are important in psychiatry will concentrate on the cerebral cortex and related structures and pathways. Readers who require a fuller account of central nervous system anatomy are referred to the many standard texts, which give a more complete coverage of the subject. Broadly speaking, neuroanatomy can be subdivided into two parts—the topographical organization of the brain and spinal cord, and the anatomical connections forming functional pathways in the central nervous system. The former is of vital importance clinically, since pathologies rarely respect the boundaries of functional systems, and knowledge of the spatial relationships of different brain structures is increasingly useful as modern imaging methods more accurately visualize detailed brain structure in vivo. However, it is the second subdivision of the subject which makes the greater contribution to understanding the biological basis of psychiatric disease, and it is this that will be at the centre of the present account.
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Sandro, Misciagna. "Clinical Applications of Brain Mapping in Epilepsy". En Epilepsy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95121.
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EEG brain mapping is a neurophysiological technique based on computer-assisted analysis of conventional EEG. This technique, generally consisting in quantitative analysis of EEG (QEEG), includes topographic displays of frequency or voltage, statistical comparison to normal values and discriminant analysis. QEEG assessment still remains controversy about its clinical role. QEEG topographic analysis could be useful in many neurological diseases: in cerebrovascular disease EEG analysis is useful since EEG parameters are highly correlates with regional blood and metabolism; in degenerative disease (as dementia or encephalopathies) quantitative EEG frequency analysis could suggest an organic base of the disorder even if it is not able to distinguish between the types of dementia. QEEG techniques are also potentially useful in identifying anomalies in patients with cerebral trauma or in children with cognitive disorders. In the field of epilepsy EEG brain mapping could help clinics to detect spikes, locate an epileptic focus and suggest the type of epilepsy. In this chapter author describes principles of EEG brain mapping and its potential applications in particular in the epileptic field.
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Clare, Anthony W. "Meeting of Minds: the Import of Family and Society". En Mind, Brain, and the Environment, 144–57. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549925.003.0008.
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Abstract Professor Anthony Clare took his medical degree at University Col lege, Dublin and undertook his psychiatric training at St Patrick’s Hospital in the same city. He was appointed Psychiatric Registrar at the Maudsley Hospital, London in 1970 and became Senior Registrar three years later. He then moved to the Institute of Psychiatry to undertake research and was appointed Senior Lecturer there in 1980. In 1983, he became Professor and Head of the Department of Psychological Medicine at St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School; six years later, he returned to his native Dublin to take up his present posts of Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Trinity College and Medical Director of St Patrick’s Hospital. Since 1980, Professor Clare has been a regular broadcaster on radio and television: his two radio series In the Psychiatrist’s Chair and All in the Mind have become media classics. He has also published extensively and his book Psychiatry and Dissent (1976) has achieved classic status. Professor Clare played a prominent part in Ireland’s national debate about the reform of laws on divorce.Our ideas about the brain and the mind reflect the science and the politics of the era in which we live. The very cytoarchitectonics of the cerebral cortex are sculpted by inputs from the social environment because socialization shapes the essential human attributes of our species. In practice, most of us, save perhaps the most incorrigibly reductive, conceptualize human life, our own and that of others, in terms of an interaction between the extraordinary organic computer that is the human brain and the equally complex, multifaceted organism that we term society.
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Compston, Alastair. "‘A great and difficult thing, and full of hazard’". En 'All manner of ingenuity and industry', 663–730. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0018.
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Chapter 17, ‘A great and difficult thing, and full of hazard: the discourse of the soul’, provides an analysis of Pathologiæ cerebri (1667), Affectionum quæ dicuntur hystericæ et hypochondriacæ (1670) and De anima brutorum (1672). The chapter starts with Willis’s description of perverted activity of the particles in blood and the animal spirits which converts ordered movement into convulsion. The concept includes epilepsy and disorders of movement with preserved awareness, and extends to cough. An account is given of Willis’s concept of hysteria and hypochondriasis as organic brain disorders. His further work on comparative anatomy and animal behaviour as the basis for distinguishing the corporeal soul of brutes from the rational soul of man is described. The chapter provides an analysis of Willis’s writing on the human senses and passions followed by additional accounts of brain diseases and those affecting the mind, together representing a foundational work in psychiatry and behavioural neurology. {150 words}
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Pickover, Clifford A. "The 10 Most Difficult-to-Understand Areas of Mathematics". En Wonders of Numbers, 98–100. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133424.003.0042.
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Abstract We can hardly imagine a gorillas understanding the significance of prime numbers, yet the gorillas genetic makeup—its DNA sequence—differs from ours by only a few percentage points. These minuscule genetic differences in turn produce differences in our brains. Additional alterations of our brains would admit a variety of profound concepts to which we are now totally closed. What mathematics is lurking out there that we can never understand? What new aspects of reality could we absorb with extra cerebrum tissue? And what exotic formulas could swim within the additional folds? Philosophers of the past have admitted that the human mind is unable to find answers to some of the most important questions, but these same philosophers rarely thought that our lack of knowledge was due to an organic deficiency shielding our psyches from higher knowledge.
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Lanpher, Brendan. "Urea Cycle Disorders". En Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0043.
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The urea cycle is a series of steps required to generate urea from nitrogen produced by protein catabolism. The cycle was first described in 1932 by Krebs and Henseleit (Krebs and Henseleit 1932). Six enzymes and two transporters are necessary for urea cycle activity. Specific deficiencies have been described with each of these. The process converts nitrogen from ammonia and aspartate into urea, which is freely excreted by the kidney (Brusilow 1995). Embedded within the urea cycle is the nitric oxide cycle. Nitric oxide is generated from arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), producing citrulline (Scaglia et al. 2004). The entire urea cycle is present only in the liver. The proximal cycle (N-acetylglutamate synthase [NAGS], carbamyl phosphate synthetase [CPS], ornithine transcarbamylase [OTC]) is also present in the intestinal tract, whereas the distal cycle (argininosuccinic acid synthase [ASS], argininosuccinic acid lyase [ASL], arginase [ARG]) is active in the kidney. The most common of the urea cycle disorders (UCDs) is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, which is inherited in an X-linked manner. All of the others are autosomal recessive. The overall incidence of all urea cycle disorders is estimated at between 1/10,000 to 1/25,000, although patients with incomplete deficiency are likely significantly more common (Nagata, Matsuda et al. 1991). When the urea cycle function is absent or diminished, either by direct enzymatic deficiency or by secondary inhibition of the proximal four steps, nitrogen accumulates in the form of toxic ammonium. In null activity patients, this typically presents in the first days of life with hyperammonemia, resulting in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction with overwhelming encephalopathy and coma, brain edema, seizures, and potentially death, with severe long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae if not rapidly reversed. The differential diagnosis of severe hyperammonemia includes organic acidemias, herpes-related hepatitis, and other disorders of liver function. Respiratory alkalosis and hyperventilation is classically seen in UCDs, although if encephalopathy progresses, apneas and acidosis may be seen (Burton 1998). If not recognized and reversed immediately, this may progress to fatal cerebral edema and herniation. There are multiple postulated mechanisms for ammonia-related neurotoxicity.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Cerebral/brain organoid"
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Yildirim, Murat, Chloe Delepine, Danielle Feldman, Vincent Pham, Stephanie Chou, Jacque Pak Kan Ip, Alexi Nott et al. "Label-free three-photon imaging of intact human cerebral organoids for tracking early events in brain development". En Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2023.bth1b.3.
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We demonstrate label-free three-photon imaging of intact organoids (~2 mm depth) derived from Rett syndrome patients. Long-term imaging of live organoids shows that mutant neurons have shorter migration distances, slower migration speeds and tortuous trajectories.
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Hu, Jiangnan, Victor Lin, Mark Goldberg y Yu-chieh Wang. "Abstract A11: Urine sample-derived cerebral organoids suitable for modeling brain development and pathogenesis". En Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; March 2-5, 2020; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.camodels2020-a11.
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Poton, André Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Andorinho de Freitas Ferreira, Leila Delorme Goldschmidt, Maria Fiorot Dalla, Barbara França Amorim y Cristiane Borges Patroclo. "Introduction: The association of depressive and apathetic symptoms after lesions in the frontal region in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery is described, presumably due to interruption of complex subcortical frontal circuits. Objectives: Illustrate and discuss a bilateral frontal syndrome resulting from stroke in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery, as well as, the possible confusion between functional and organic conditions presenting the same symptoms. Results: 61-year-old man complaining of falls and left lower limb weakness. Moreover, had been interned due to suicide attempt recently. He is hypertensive and was addicted to alcohol and illicit drugs. Two years before, he had a left anterior cerebral artery ischemic that led to right lower limb paresis. At admission, he had poor interaction and presented hyperreflexia and Babinski sign at the right lower limb while normoreflexia at left. Computed tomography (CT) of the skull showed left frontal encephalomalacia. It was discarded metabolic and infectious disturbance as well as no signs of trauma from reported falls or high-risk lesions for new stroke. Psychiatric evaluations identified depression related to social, and economic factors. Pharmacological and behavioral measures were instituted. However, the condition worsened with the onset of mutism, akinesia, and abulia, which was attributed to the wors ening of depression. Antidepressant regimen was adjusted again and new brain CT was performed. It disclosed a new stroke of the right anterior cerebral artery. Initially, the symptoms were attributed to a functional condition and no organic justification was found. Nevertheless, the worsening of the basal status evolved to a catatonic manifestation, in parallel to a new frontal stroke. Previous contralateral frontal stroke might have turned the patient vulnerable to this condition. Nonetheless, the course of time eased by pharmacological strategy used (lithium, amitriptyline, and risperidone), was able to reverse the condition, except for left leg monoplegia evidenced after the restoration of spontaneous motricity. Conclusion: The case illustrates the clinical-anatomical correlations of anterior cerebral artery stroke, but also highlights the interface between neurology and psychiatry." En XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.787.
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Introduction: The association of depressive and apathetic symptoms after lesions in the frontal region in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery is described, presumably due to interruption of complex subcortical frontal circuits. Objectives: Illustrate and discuss a bilateral frontal syndrome resulting from stroke in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery, as well as, the possible confusion between functional and organic conditions presenting the same symptoms. Results: 61-year-old man complaining of falls and left lower limb weakness. Moreover, had been interned due to suicide attempt recently. He is hypertensive and was addicted to alcohol and illicit drugs. Two years before, he had a left anterior cerebral artery ischemic that led to right lower limb paresis. At admission, he had poor interaction and presented hyperreflexia and Babinski sign at the right lower limb while normoreflexia at left. Computed tomography (CT) of the skull showed left frontal encephalomalacia. It was discarded metabolic and infectious disturbance as well as no signs of trauma from reported falls or high-risk lesions for new stroke. Psychiatric evaluations identified depression related to social, and economic factors. Pharmacological and behavioral measures were instituted. However, the condition worsened with the onset of mutism, akinesia, and abulia, which was attributed to the wors ening of depression. Antidepressant regimen was adjusted again and new brain CT was performed. It disclosed a new stroke of the right anterior cerebral artery. Initially, the symptoms were attributed to a functional condition and no organic justification was found. Nevertheless, the worsening of the basal status evolved to a catatonic manifestation, in parallel to a new frontal stroke. Previous contralateral frontal stroke might have turned the patient vulnerable to this condition. Nonetheless, the course of time eased by pharmacological strategy used (lithium, amitriptyline, and risperidone), was able to reverse the condition, except for left leg monoplegia evidenced after the restoration of spontaneous motricity. Conclusion: The case illustrates the clinical-anatomical correlations of anterior cerebral artery stroke, but also highlights the interface between neurology and psychiatry.