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Makhlynets, N., Z. Ozhogan, and A. Pantus. "Improving the quality of diagnosis of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of chronic habits." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 114, no. 3 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2023-3-29.
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The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the diagnosis of maxillomandibular anomalies among the patients with pathological occlusion, existing bad habits is relevant due to the spread of social stress among young people and the search for its compensation through the development of bad habits. Research methods. We conducted clinical and radiological methods of examination of 60 patients aged 15–17 with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies, deformities, and 15 people in the comparison group. We studied the data of computer tomograms, performed stereotopometric analysis (threedimensional cephalometry), determination of the thickness of the masticatory muscles in symmetrical areas of the face. Patients underwent a secret questionnaire to identify stressors that affected the body, studied the relationship between the presence of stress and the appearance of changes in cephalometric parameters. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies and survey results have shown that 95 % of patients surveyed have bad habits that are associated with chronic social stress. The results of examination of cephalometric analysis and photoprotocol confirm the expressed disproportions of one of the jaws, where there is a oral habit; confirm the presence of acquired rather than congenital deformity of the facial skeleton, which is associated with changes in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the side of the deformation. Conclusions. Our research has shown that bad habits progress in the presence of chronic social stress, which according to the survey results in 95% of patients. Distance learning is the most important stress factor in most patients surveyed.3D cephalometric analysis should be included in the mandatory methods for the diagnosis of acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area. Clinical and radiological research methods help the orthodontist to identify a whole range of interrelated etiological factors in the development of dental anomalies and acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area and make a correct plan of complex treatment. Key words: Stress, Sleeping Habits, Tongue Habits, Cephalometry, Face, Orthodontic, Deformities.
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Makhlynets, N., Z. Ozhogan, A. Pantus, L. Plaviuk, and N. Neiko. "Myofunctional appliance and elimination of oral habits as a necessary elements of complex orthodontic treatment of patients with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of oral habits." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 117, no. 6 (2023): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2023-6-61.
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The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the complex treatment of maxillomandibular anomalies and oral habits. Research methods. The cross-sectional study involved 15 relatively healthy children and 60 children with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies and oral habits aged 15-17 years. A clinical examination was conducted. There was an extaoral examination, determination of the way of swallowing and breathing, determination of the condition of the temporomandibular joints, a photo protocol. The patients were given a secret questionnaire in order to identify stress factors that affect the body. The relationship between the presence of a stress factor and the appearance of changes in the maxillofacial area was studied. The cephalometric study was evaluated before and after complex treatment. We have compared the cephalometric study with the results of the clinical examination. Scientific novelty. The obtained results of secret survey, the STAI testify to the state of chronic tension of patients, a feeling of emotional relief during the period of using an oral habit. The results of the examination and photo protocol confirm pronounced changes in the symmetry and proportionality of the face in the area where was an oral habit associated with recorded extratonic reflexes. Patients had complex treatment with non-removable palatal structures, brace systems in combination with myogymnastics. The treatment was supplemented with myofunctional appliances, if there were functional disorders, in particular the act of swallowing or hidden mouth breathing. The results of the cephalometric study confirm the presence of adaptive changes on the part of the jaw bones and the muscular system and confirm the existence of a functional facial matrix. Conclusions. The etiopathogenetic approach to the complex treatment of orthodontic patients helps to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and prevent relapses. The long-term results of the treatment indicate that after the treatment, the clinical and cephalometric characteristics of the jaw bones and the muscular apparatus normalize in patients. Key words: stress, oral habits, maxillofacial deformations, cephalometry, myofunctional aplliance.
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Makhlynets, N., Z. Ozhogan, G. Prots’, and A. Pantus. "Myofunctional devices in the complex treatment of patients with maxillomandular anomalies on the background of oral habits." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 112, no. 5-6 (2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2022-5-6-52.
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The aim of the study. Increasing the effectiveness of complex treatment of patients with a pathological bite through orthodontic treatment, impact on masticatory and facial muscles, conscious elimination of oral habits. Research methods. 30 people aged 9–12 years with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies against the background of oral habits and 15 people of the comparison group were examined and treated. Group I patients (15 people) had orthodontic treatment and elimination of oral habits, and group II patients (15 people) received treatment supplemented with myofunctional devices and myogymnastics. We studied the results of computer tomograms, performed stereotopometric analysis (threedimensional cephalometry), and determined the thickness of the masticatory muscles in symmetrical areas of the face. Secret questionnaires were administered to patients in order to identify stress factors that affect the body, and the relationship between the presence of a stress factor and the appearance of changes in cephalometric indicators was determined. The study was conducted before treatment, after 6 months and after 12 months after the start of active orthodontic treatment. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that all patients have oral habits that lead to changes in the maxillofacial system. The results of the questionnaire showed that 96.6 % of the examined patients associate them with the presence of stressful factors.The results of the examination, cephalometric analysis and photo report confirm the presence of pronounced disproportions from one jaw or symmetrical parts of the face, shortening of the lower third of the face; prove the presence of an acquired rather than congenital deformation of the facial skeleton, which is combined with a change in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the side of the deformation. The results of the comparative analysis after 6 and 12 months indicate a more pronounced positive trend towards the normalization of clinical indicators and data of cephalometric analysis in patients of the II group. Conclusions. Oral habits are directly proportional to stress factors, which, according to the results of the examination, are present in 96.6 % of all patients. 3D cephalometric analysis should be included in the mandatory methods of diagnosis of acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area before and at the stages of complex treatment. The results of clinical, x-ray research methods and cephalometric analysis indicate the need to use devices that correct the work of the muscular apparatus and myogymnastics in the complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of oral habits. Key words: oral habits, cephalometric analysis, orthodontic treatment, myofunctional devices, myogymnastics.
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Clemente, Miguel P., Joaquim G. Mendes, Ricardo Vardasca, Afonso P. Ferreira, and José M. Amarante. "Combined Acquisition Method of Image and Signal Technique (CAMIST) for Assessment of Temporomandibular Disorders in Performing Arts Medicine." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 33, no. 3 (2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2018.3029.
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OBJECTIVE: This pilot study investigated the morphological and functional aspects of an English horn player, who presented at a dental appointment with temporomandibular disorder (TMD), using the “combined acquisition method of image and signal technique” (CAMIST) in the diagnosis. METHODS: Cephalometric analysis was obtained after carrying out three lateral cephalograms using a standardized radiographic technique. The first one was taken with the teeth in the normal occlusion and the lips relaxed, the second with the oboe embouchure, and the last was performed with the English horn. To understand the pressures involved during the embouchure and musical performance of the English horn and oboe, a system was developed using force sensors placed on the double-reed mouthpiece. Finally, infrared imaging was used to better understand the anatomy-physiology of specific structures of the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex. RESULTS: Cephalometry of the musician showed more significant changes in the retrusion of the mandibular pogonion. The embouchure pressures measured during musical practice showed that the English horn induced a higher pressure on the lower lip than on the upper, while the inverse happened with the oboe. Thermography confirmed the painful site on the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and this was also observed in the muscle tenderness/discomfort on the right superficial masseter by the differential temperature of these areas. CONCLUSION: Techniques such as lateral teleradiography, infrared imaging, and force sensors can be useful screening tools with added value for the diagnosis of TMDs in performing artists.
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Emara, Tarek Abdelzaher, Tharwat Abdelzaher Omara, and Waheed Mohamed Shouman. "Modified Genioglossus Advancement and Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 5 (2011): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811416745.
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Objective. To describe modification of the originally described genioglossus muscle advancement and its clinical assessment in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Study Design. Prospective study. Setting. University medical hospital. Subjects and Methods. Twenty-three patients with obstructive sleep apnea underwent modified genioglossus muscle advancement with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. All patients were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery by history taking, clinical examination, Epworth Sleepiness Scale evaluation, fiber-optic nasopharyngoscopy, cephalometry, panoramic X-ray, and nocturnal polysomnography. Results. Postoperative mean ± SD apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 40.7 ± 17.4 to 15.4 ± 10.7 ( P = .00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.4 to 32.27). With a success rate defined as AHI <20 and a 50% decrease in AHI of the preoperative value, the surgical success rate was 86.9%. Cephalometry analysis showed a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative findings, including a posterior airway space that increased a mean ± SD from 8.1 ± 2.5 to 12.3 ± 3.7 mm ( P = .00; 95% CI, −5.89 to −3.0), position of the mandible to the cranial base (SNB degree) that increased from 77.3 ± 2.7 to 78.5 ± 1.3 ( P = .005; 95% CI, −2.11 to −0.4), and improved palatal parameters. The mean (SD) average depth of the osteotomy and genioglossus advancement was 11.8 ± 2.6 mm. None of the 23 patients had mandible fracture, aesthetic changes of the chin, or detachment of the advanced genioglossus muscle. Conclusion. The modification described in this technique permits complete and safe capture and advancement of the whole genioglossus muscle, leading to satisfactory expansion of the retrolingual airway without stripping, detachment of the advanced genioglossus muscle, mandible fracture, or aesthetic changes of the chin.
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Marczak, Anna, Monika Walerzak, Paulina Tokarska, and Małgorzata Zadurska. "Role of cephalometry and cone beam computed tomography in the diagnostics of obstructive sleep apnea." Orthodontic Forum 18, no. 3 (2022): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/for.2022.122045.
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Dzalaeva, Fatima K., S. O. Chikunov, A. S. Utyuzh, Z. K. Dzhagaeva, and A. V. Yumashev. "Application of the complex algorithm for rehabilitation of patients needing a full reconstruction of dentition (clinical case)." Russian Journal of Dentistry 24, no. 3 (2020): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2020-24-3-158-163.
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Introduction. Aim of the study is testing the algorithm of complex clinical, functional and instrumental analysis in the treatment of patients with the need for total restoration of the dentition with manifestations of myofascial pain syndrome.
 Material and methods. A system for the rehabilitation of patients with adentia is proposed, in which, when planning occlusion correction, objective examination data for patients obtained using a set of diagnostic methods should be taken into account. Particular attention is paid to assessing the function of the temporomandibular joint and the presence of pathological signs of disorders of maxillofacial muscles.
 Results. A clinical case is described a patient who has been diagnosed with a set of indicators of clinical, functional and instrumental analysis obtained using methods of condylography and cephalometry. The results of treatment and rehabilitation measures allowed achieving the optimal distribution of loads on the dentition, while reducing the risk of ceramic chipping and improving oral hygiene. The approach used allowed timely correction of functional and aesthetic disorders.
 Conclusions. The algorithm for working with patients who need total restoration of the dentition should include a thorough history taking, clinical functional analysis using condylography methods, model analysis to register and evaluate the static and dynamic ratios of the dentition. As well as performing cephalometric analysis and other manipulations, in accordance with standard criteria for clinical examination. The developed algorithm is anatomically and pathogenetically justified, since it takes into account the entirety of changes and interconnections of the structures of the dentofacial system and other body systems that underlie the clinical manifestations in this category of patients.
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Ramachandran, Satya Krishna, and Lydia A. Josephs. "A Meta-analysis of Clinical Screening Tests for Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Anesthesiology 110, no. 4 (2009): 928–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31819c47b6.
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The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare clinical screening tests for obstructive sleep apnea and establish an evidence base for their preoperative use. Diagnostic odds ratios were used as summary measures of accuracy, and false-negative rates were used as measures of missed diagnosis with each screening test in this review. Metaregression revealed that clinical models, logarithmic equations, combined techniques, cephalometry, and morphometry are significant characteristics, whereas body mass index, history of hypertension, and nocturnal choking are significant test elements associated with higher diagnostic accuracy. Test accuracy in repeated validation studies of the same screening test is variable, suggesting an underlying heterogeneity in either the clinical presentation of obstructive sleep apnea or the measured clinical elements of these models. Based on the false-negative rates, it is likely that most of the clinical screening tests will miss a significant proportion of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Bigliazzi, Renato, Eliana Ayala Walverde, Derly Tescaro Narciso de Oliveira, André Pinheiro de Magalhães Bertoz, and Kurt Faltin Junior. "Morphometric analysis of three normal facial types in mixed dentition using posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs: preliminary results." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 39, no. 2 (2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v39i2.34139.
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The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the craniofacial features of subjects with normal occlusion with different vertical patterns in the mixed dentition using morphometric analysis (Thin-Plate Spline analysis - TPS) applied to posteroanterior (PA) films. The sample comprised 39 individuals (18 females and 21 males), all in mixed dentition, aged from 8.4 to 10 years with satisfactory occlusion and balanced profile and with no history of orthodontic or facial orthopedic treatment. The sample was divided into three groups (mesofacial, brachyfacial and dolichofacial) according to the facial types proposed by Ricketts (1989). The average craniofacial configurations of each study group were obtained by orthogonal superimposition of Procrustes, thereby eliminating size differences and allowing only shape differences between groups to be analyzed by viewing the TPS deformation grid. Significant differences were found among the three facial types but were more remarkable between mesofacials and dolichofacials than between mesofacials and brachyfacials. TPS morphometric analysis proved efficient for accurate visualization of transverse and vertical differences among facial types even before pubertal growth spurt. These differences cannot be easily detected by traditional posteroanterior cephalometry.
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Rahman, Md Anisur. "Incidence and evaluation of open bite malocclusion and their management." Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2, no. 2 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16156.
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Introduction: Open bite malocclusion is one of the most difficult dentofacial deformities to treat. Although this type of malocclusion can occur unilaterally or bilaterally in the buccal segments. It is mostly seen in the anterior segment where there is no incisal contact and vertical overlap of the lower incisors by the uppers. Objectives: The study was aimed to find out the incidence of open bite malocclusion and their pre and post treatment evaluation of the treated cases and also compare the result of two study groups (skeletal open bite and dental open bite). Methods: A total number of 31 patients with open bite malocclusion out of 1372 patients reported to Department of Orthodontics, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital for treatment. Out of them 21 patients were included in this study with mean age 22±5.4, who successfully completed treatment. Of them 14 were included in the dental group and 07 in the skeletal group. Pre treatment history, clinical examination along with pre and post-treatment photographs, study models and lateral cephalograms were used to compare the treatment outcome between the two study groups. Results: The incidence of open bite was 2.3%. Out of 21 open bite samples 14 were of dental type and the rest 07 were of skeletal type. 47.6% open bite had Angles Class I malocclusion, 42.9% were Class II and 9.5% were Class III. Cephalometric analysis of vertical measurements showed that the mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle and SNA angle significantly decreased from pre-treatment to post-treatment (p<0.05) in both groups . Gonial angle remains unchanged. Cephalometric analysis of the linear and dental measurements showed increased upper face height, posterior facial height and inter-incisal angle. Soft tissue evaluation on cephalometry showed significant decrease of esthetic plane and interlabial gap. A statistically significant mean difference was found in case of negative overbites among the patients with dental group (p<0.001). Less time was required for completion of treatment in dental group and prognosis was significantly better (p<0.05) Conclusion: The result of the present study indicates that the treatment period and wear time of appliance in dental type was shorter than skeletal type. Both groups showed significant improvement though prognosis was better in dental type of open bite cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16156 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2012; Vol-2, No.2, 1-7
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Lapina, A. K., O. N. Arharova, T. S. Rodina, and V. D. Vagner. "ON THE QUESTION ORTHODONTIC MEDICAL RECORDS COMPLETION WHEN DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES AND DEFORMATIONS DIAGNOSING." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, no. 2 (2017): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20172279-288.
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Correct registration of primary medical documentation is very important for storage of diagnostic information, the treatment plan, information about the carrying out of medical manipulations for the elimination of dentofacial anomalies, for examination of quality of medical care in conflict situations. Medical card of the orthodontic patient (form 043- 1/у), approved by order of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation On approval of unified forms of medical records used in medical organizations providing medical care in outpatient conditions and procedures for their filling from 15.12.2014, №834 is the main document of the orthodontist. At the moment, two years after the release of the order, you need to find out whether approved new medical report form in hospitals with orthodontic care, to determine the property of filling as the main instrument used for examination of quality of medical care provided. The article presents the results of the retrospective analysis of medical cards of the patients receiving orthodontic treatment in the dental clinic at Ryazan State Medical University. Found that detailed and properly designed, only 16,0% of medical cards. Orthodontists don't pay enough attention to the medical history, examination of patients, the conduct of clinical trials and the use of special additional methods of examination of patients, such as cephalometry and functional diagnostics.
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Flis, P. S., N. V. Raschenko, A. O. Melnyk, V. V. Filonenko, and A. B. Lopoha. "ALGORITHM OF PATIENT’S TREATMENT WITH THE PRESENCE ANOMALIES OF BITE AND SPEECH DISORDERS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2018.11.
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Relevance of research. Under complex correction of speech disorders in existing orthodontic pathology, it is important to establish the causative factor, because incorrect tongue articulation, infantile type of swallowing and other bad habits can be the cause of dental and maxillary pathologies and, at the same time, speech disorders.
 The cause-and-effect relationship between dentoalveolar and speech disorders has been proved. Anomalies and deformations of the dentoalveolar apparatus prevent the sounds from being pronounced normally, contribute to strengthening the habits of improper articulation and complicate logopedic correction. The problem of logopedic correction of sound pronunciation should be addressed comprehensively in collaboration with an orthodontist.
 The purpose of the research. To treat patients with anomalies of bite and speech disorders according to the proposed algorithm.
 Materials and methods. To achieve study objectives, 82 patients with severe orthodontic pathology and speech disorders, with normal hearing and intellect, were accepted for treatment. Clinical examination according to the generally accepted scheme, extraoral and intraoral photographs, anthropometry, myography, cephalometry, and logopedic diagnostics of all aspects of speech were conducted. After establishing the diagnosis, determining the treatment plan, orthodontic treatment was performed simultaneously with speech therapy correction.
 Results and discussion. The first step in the algorithm of successful treatment (correction) of speech disorders and dentoalveolar anomalies was the explanation of its necessity.
 The second stage of the algorithm was a clinical examination, which included medical history taking and objective methods of examination. The speech therapy part of the algorithm provided for speech therapy diagnosis of all aspects of speech: sound pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, phonetics.
 Additional methods of examination were performed for the preparation of the plan, the choice of method and tactics of treatment: extraoral and intraoral photographs, anthropometry, myography, cephalometry, which is an integral part of the second stage of the treatment algorithm for patients with abnormalities and deformations of the dentoalveolar device in conjunction with correction of speech disorders.
 The third stage of the algorithm was direct orthodontic treatment and speech correction.
 The retention period is the final stage of the algorithm for treating patients with abnormalities and deformations of the dental apparatus in combination with the correction of speech disorders.
 Conclusion. The algorithm for treating patients with anomalies of bite and speech disorders consists of the following blocks: motivation, detailed diagnosis, treatment planning and tactics, the active period of orthodontic treatment simultaneously with speech correction and patient management in the retention period.
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Yang, Yeonmi. "Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 49, no. 4 (2022): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2022.49.4.357.
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Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a disease characterized by repeated hypopnea and apnea during sleep due to complete or partial obstruction of upper airway. The prevalence of pediatric SDB is approximately 12 - 15%, and the most common age group is preschool children aged 3 - 5 years. Children show more varied presentations, from snoring and frequent arousals to enuresis and hyperactivity. The main cause of pediatric SDB is obstruction of the upper airway related to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. If SDB is left untreated, it can cause complications such as learning difficulties, cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and poor growth. Pediatric dentists are in a special position to identify children at risk for SDB. Pediatric dentists recognize clinical features related to SDB, and they should screen for SDB by using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), lateral cephalometry radiograph, and portable sleep monitoring test and refer to sleep specialists. As a therapeutic approach, maxillary arch expansion treatment, mandible advancement device, and lingual frenectomy can be performed. Pediatric dentists should recognize that prolonged mouth breathing, lower tongue posture, and ankyloglossia can cause abnormal facial skeletal growth patterns and sleep problems. Pediatric dentists should be able to prevent these problems through early intervention.
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Sitasari, Putri Intan, Niken Merrystia, and Ida Bagus Narmada. "Management of a complete 180° rotation of bilateral maxillary canines." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 4 (2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i4.p174-180.
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Background: Dental anomalies usually lead to complicated decisions having to be made in terms of the orthodontic treatment of permanent dentition; tooth rotation is the most common of these irregularities. The prevalence rate of this phenomenon is 2.1–5.1% in patients who have not received orthodontic treatment. Purpose: This case report aimed to manage the complete bilateral rotation of maxillary canines with couple force by using a Nance appliance modification. Case: A 17-year-old male patient came in wanting to straighten his teeth. He complained about his bilateral canines, which were not in a normal position. There was an impacted left maxillary second premolar and an ectopically erupted right maxillary first premolar. He also had protrusions in the upper and lower anterior teeth and crowding in the lower anterior teeth as well as upper and lower midline deviations. Case Management: A clinical examination showed a class I relationship between the dental and cephalometry measurements and highlighted a class I skeletal pattern. The upper right first premolar was extracted and the left second premolar had undergone an odontectomy to allay protrusion and correct crowding. Bilaterally rotated upper canines were derotated using a modified Nance appliance and an elastomeric chain with couple force. Conclusion: The success of the orthodontic treatment was influenced by the specific nature of the patient’s dental and medical history, extraoral and intraoral examination, diagnosis and treatment planning, which was followed by a systematic approach to treatment. The Nance appliance modification reduced the total treatment time by achieving controlled anchorage and derotation of the canines.
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Sobieska, Ewa, and Anna Widmańska-Grzywaczewska. "Cephalometry in orthodontic diagnostics – past and present." Orthodontic Forum 15, no. 2 (2019): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/for.2019.88346.
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Khan, Azhar, Mohamad Imran, Mohammed Imran, Shoib N. Parkar, Mueed U. Islam, and Shayan Nazir. "Comparison of different cephalometric variables in patients with and without history of snoring." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 12 (2017): 5283. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175441.
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Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has a high prevalence among adults. Cephalometric variables can be a valuable method for evaluating patients with this syndrome. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the craniofacial variables in subjects with and without snoring by cephalometric analysis.Methods: 40 patients were included in the study who were divided into two groups; group 1 of 20 snoring patients and group 2 control group of 20 non-snoring patients and were evaluated and compared for various cephalometric variables.Results: The distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane (MP-H) was the only variable that showed a statistically significant correlation between two groups.Conclusions: Cephalometric variables are useful tools for evaluating the patients with snoring who are predisposed to obstructive sleep apnoea. The distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane showed a statistically significant correlation between two groups.
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Al-Jasser, Nasser M. "Cephalometric Evaluation for Saudi Population Using the Downs and Steiner Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 6, no. 2 (2005): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-2-52.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to formulate cephalometric norms of the Saudi population; and to evaluate whether significant cephalometric differences exist between Saudi and Caucasian patients. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 selected Saudis (30 males and 30 females) with esthetically pleasing and harmonious faces, Angle I molar relationship, with all permanent teeth present and no history of orthodontic treatment or facial trauma, age range between 20 and 30 years were analyzed using the Downs and Steiner analysis. The means, standard deviations, and ranges of the measurements were compared with the norms established by Downs and Steiner. Statistically, several significant differences were noticeable in the results of the present study when the cephalometric mean values for the selected Saudi population were compared with the norms suggested for a white Caucasian population by Downs and Steiner. The results of the present study are significant and showed normal Saudis have a slightly protrusive maxillae, a tendency to Class II facial pattern, and a high mandibular plane angle. These results have clinical implications in the diagnosis and treatment of adult Saudis with dentofacial deformities. Citation Al-Jasser NM. Cephalometric Evaluation for Saudi Population Using the Downs and Steiner Analysise. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:052-063.
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Agrawal, D. "Cephalometric Analysis for Diagnosis and Treatment of Orthodontic Patients." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 7, no. 2 (2013): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-7-2-75.
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ABSTRACT Cephalometric analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients is essentially a measurement system designed to describe relationships between various parts of the skeletal, dental and soft tissue elements of craniofacial complex. As the linear and angular measurements vary between males and females and with the age, one of our objectives was to compare the statistical difference between males and females. The study was performed using sample size of 60 cephalometric radiographs of 30 males and 30 females. The samples were selected on the basis of class I dental relationship with clinically acceptable profile, no history of orthodontic treatment and of Jaipur (Rajasthan) population.
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Kuramae, Mayury, Maria Beatriz Borges de Araújo Magnani, Eloísa Marcantonio Boeck, and Adriana Simoni Lucato. "Jarabak 's cephalometric analysis of Brazilian black patients." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 3 (2007): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000300016.
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The treatment of skeletal disharmonies presents better results when performed during the growth period. The physical changes that occur in every individual express growth, which is ruled by genetic, general and environmental factors. In order to identify such disharmonies and hence concentrate the clinical actions during treatment and influence facial growth, cephalometrics appears as a useful a diagnostic tool for identifying facial growth patterns or growth direction. Jarabak's cephalometric analysis is used to assess facial growth pattern of subjects with normal occlusion or malocclusions. The purpose of this study was to obtain mean values for cephalometric measurements from Jarabak's cephalometric analyses of black Brazilian subjects resident in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo state, Brazil and vicinities, who presented Class I molar relationship with normal overjet and overbite, mild or no tooth crowding or spacing, and no history of orthodontic treatment. A sample of 37 stone plaster casts and 37 lateral teleradiographs from both male and female individuals aged 10 to 14 years was evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically by Student's t-test at 5% significance level. There was no significant differences between genders. The cephalometric measurements obtained in this study were similar to the Jarabak's standards, except for S-N mean value in females (66.50 mm ± 3.16), which was significantly lower than the standard.
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Daskalogiannakis, John, and R. Bruce Ross. "Effect of Alveolar Bone Grafting in the Mixed Dentition on Maxillary Growth in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 5 (1997): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0455_eoabgi_2.3.co_2.
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Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects on facial growth of alveolar bone grafting in the mixed dentition for patients with UCLP. Design: Retrospective cephalometric study. Setting: Craniofacial Treatment and Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Patients: The 58 patients participating in the study had a history of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, all of which were repaired by the same plastic surgeon. Interventions: Twenty-one patients received an iliac-crest alveolar bone graft at a mean age of 10.3 years, while 37 did not receive an alveolar bone graft. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained on all patients at two different times: at a mean age of 9.4 years (prior to bone grafting in the grafted group) and at a mean age of 15.2 years. Main Outcome Measures: All radiographs were traced and digitized by the same person, using cephalometric computer software. Superimposition and cephalometric analysis was undertaken to investigate the differences between the two groups in the 5.6-year experimental period. A two-way analysis of covariance was used for evaluation of the statistical significance of the results. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in 14 of the 15 cephalometric measurements performed. Harvold's maxillary unit length was statistically significantly shorter in the grafted group, although a lack of correlation with angular measurements and inherent problems with this specific measurement raise doubts in this finding. Conclusion: Mixed dentition bone grafting does not affect subsequent vertical and A-P development of the maxilla in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients during the first several postoperative years.
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Wani, Mohsin Aslam, Mohd Amir, Shiraz Siddiqui, et al. "Significance of natural head position (NHP) in orthodontic diagnosis: A review." Journal of Dental Panacea 5, no. 4 (2023): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2023.033.
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Facial dysmorphologies and malocclusion can be diagnosed and corrected through the use of cephalograms. However, maintaining a harmonious proportional relationship between facial landmarks remains essential for their correction. Cephalometric measurements are instrumental in the decision-making process of treatment, however, variations in the reference planes of an individual's face can always affect the cephalometrics as they change over time, ultimately affecting the treatment plan. This necessitates the use of a more reliable craniofacial referencing system, such as Natural Head Position (NHP), as the standard for cephalometric measurement.
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Di Venere, Daniela, Alessandra Laforgia, Daniela Azzollini, et al. "Calcification of the Atlanto-Occipital Ligament (Ponticulus Posticus) in Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study." Healthcare 10, no. 7 (2022): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071234.
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Background: Ponticlus Posticus (PP) is a rare anomaly of the first cervical vertebra easily identifiable in lateral cephalometric radiograph and typically required for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the PP prevalence in lateral Cephalograms in a cohort of orthodontic patients treated at the Dental School of the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Italy, and to find possible connection between PP and other dental anomalies, as well as the patient’s cephalometric characteristics. Methods: A total of 150 panoramic radiographs and 150 lateral Cephalograms, obtained for orthodontic use only, were evaluated. No patients were referred to for congenital syndromes or disease, or a history of previously occurred maxillofacial trauma. A detailed cephalometric study was performed for each patient, and the whole cohort was divided according to the common three dental malocclusion classes. The values obtained were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: PP prevalence was 8% (12 of 150 cases), where the complete and partial forms observed 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Although females were more affected (9.6%), no statistically significant sex-related difference was found. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship regarding age or dental anomalies (dental agenesis/palatal impacted canines) among the groups was observed either. Cephalometric analyses revealed that half of the subjects with PP were sagittal skeletal class I and had vertical hyper-divergence. Conclusions: PP is a frequent anatomical variation of the cervical vertebra, apparently unrelated to the skeletal malocclusion type or dental anomalies. The current study needs to further confirm the congenital hypothesis of PP’s origin already reported in literature.
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Lee, Catherine T. H., Barry H. Grayson, Court B. Cutting, Lawrence E. Brecht, and Wen Yuan Lin. "Prepubertal Midface Growth in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following Alveolar Molding and Gingivoperiosteoplasty." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 41, no. 4 (2004): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-037.1.
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Objectives To examine the long-term effect of nasoalveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty (modified Millard type) on midface growth at prepuberty. Procedures In this retrospective study, 20 consecutive patients with a history of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were evaluated. Ten patients had nasoalveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty performed at lip closure; 10 control patients had nasoalveolar molding but no gingivoperiosteoplasty because of late start in treatment or poor compliance. A single surgeon (C.B.C.) performed all surgical procedures. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated at two time periods: T1 at pre–bone-grafting age and T2 at prepuberty age. Superimposition and cephalometric analysis were undertaken to investigate the two groups. Two cephalometric reference planes, sella-nasion and basion-nasion, were used to assess the vertical and sagittal relations of the midface (ANS-PNS). The reference landmarks were procrustes fitted. The mean location and variance of ANS and PNS landmarks were computed. All results were analyzed by permutation test. Results No significant difference in mean location or variance of ANS-PNS in both vertical and sagittal planes at both T1 and T2 periods were found between the two groups (p > .05). Conclusions The results suggested that midface growth in sagittal or vertical planes (up to the age of 9 to 13 years) were not affected by presurgical alveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty (Millard type).
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Gu, Yan, Urban Hagg, John Wu, and Shadow Yeung. "Differences in dentofacial characteristics between southern versus northern Chinese adolescents." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 27, no. 2 (2011): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2011-0020.
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Abstract Aim: To compare the dentofacial characteristics of southern and northern Chinese adolescents. Methods: A southern Chinese sample comprised 70 males (Mean age 12.4 ± 0.60 years) and 60 females (Mean age 12.5 ± 0.4 years), and a northern Chinese sample consisted of 50 males (Mean age 12.8 ± 1.8 years) and 50 females (Mean age 12.4 ± 1.2 years). All subjects had a Class I molar relationship with no or minimal crowding, a well balanced cephalometric profile, and no history of orthodontic treatment. Patient cephalograms were traced and digitized and McNamara’s analysis applied. Results: A smaller midface and a shorter overall mandibular length were observed in southern Chinese, whereas significantly increased vertical dimension and a retrusive chin were noted in northern Chinese. Protrusive upper and lower incisors and a protrusive upper lip were found in southern Chinese. Conclusions: There were significant differences in dentofacial morphology between southern and northern Chinese adolescents. It is suggested that separate cephalometric norms be used for patients originating from different parts of China.
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Obamiyi, Samuel, Zhihui Wang, Edward Sommers, P. Emile Rossouw, and Dimitrios Michelogiannakis. "Overbite depth indicator and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator cephalometric norms for African Americans." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 6 (2019): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021619-116.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine normal Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI) and Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator (APDI) values in African Americans and to compare them with mean values from white patients. Secondary aims were to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different age, gender, and combined age-gender groups in African American patients. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 160 African American patients (97 boys and 63 girls; age, 7 to 14 years) with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were collected from the Bolton-Brush Growth Center. Cephalometric images were hand traced, and ODI and APDI values were assessed. Two-sample t tests were used to compare mean ODI and APDI values between African American and white patients; and between male and female African American patients. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different African American age and combined age-gender groups. Results: Mean ODI and APDI values were significantly lower (P &lt; .0001) in African American than white patients with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment. Mean ODI and APDI values increased with age in African American patients, and there were no significant gender differences. Conclusions: The mean ODI and APDI values in 7- to 14-year-old African Americans with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were 70.9° and 78.1°, respectively, and were significantly lower than the mean values for white patients in the same age range.
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Alassiry, Ahmed Mohammed. "Cephalometric comparison of Eastman standards among caucasians and saudi population in the Najran region." Bioinformation 18, no. 12 (2022): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300181173.
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Caucasian norms derived from the European-American population are often applied in the diagnosis and treatment planning of Saudi orthodontic patients. Minor differences in cephalometric values can be considered routine and normal, but significant differences indicate a structural deviation. The objective of this study was to establish the cephalometric norms of normal and pleasant soft tissue profiles of adult Saudi living in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia and compare them with the Eastman standards derived from the Caucasian population. A total of 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs (30 males and 30 females) of Najran adults aged between 18-30 years with pleasing, acceptable, harmonious and well-balanced soft tissue profile and Class I molar relationship with no history of previous orthodontic treatment, no crowding or spacing, normal overjet and overbite were selected for the study. Descriptive analysis and Student t-test were performed to evaluate the male and female gender differences and compare the Najran mean with Eastman standards. On evaluating the gender differences, Najran females tend to have more ANB angle and L1 to A-Pog linear distance than Najran males (p<0.05). On comparing with the Eastman Caucasian standards, the Najran population tends to have more SNA, ANB, UI to MxP and L1 to A-Pog (p<0.05). The U1 to L1 angle tends to be less in Najran population than the Caucasians (p<0.05). The Najran population has more protrusive skeletal bases, bimaxillary protrusion, more proclined upper and lower incisors and reduced interincisal angle than Caucasians. The Najran females have more protrusive skeletal bases and more proclined lower incisors compared to Najran males. The cephalometric findings of this study can be useful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients belonging to the Najran region of Saudi Arabia.
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Rizvi, HM, and MZ Hossain. "Cephalometric norms of young adults of Bangladesh (Steiners analysis)- preliminary report." Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2, no. 1 (2013): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15997.
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Cephalometric radiography is the most significant tool for improving taxonomy, communication and analysis of dentofacial variation, as in orthodontic evaluation and treatment, analysis of craniofacial morphology is essential. Steiner's analysis was used in this study; because its methods of assessing skeletal and dental morphology are very useful and valid providing maximal clinical information with the least number of measurements. The objective of this study was to describe the craniofacial pattern of Bangladeshi young adults and to compare it with accepted standards for the Caucasian population according to Steiner analysis. The study will also evaluate morphological differences between male and female Bangladeshi normal occlusion subjects. This is a cross-sectional observational study having both descriptive and analytical components. The study was conducted in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital on 52 Bangladeshi young adults (27male and 25 females), aged 21-27 years, having balanced harmonious facial profiles, clinically acceptable occlusion with permanent dentition and no history of orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of these subjects were used for a series of cephalometric analyses. All the measurements were computed statistically. The study findings show that Bangladeshi subjects were more protrusive skeletally and dentally than Caucasians with a greater tendency towards bimaxillary protrusion. Furthermore, the mandibular plane angle was smaller than that of the Caucasians, suggesting more prominent horizontal growth pattern in the Bangladeshis. However, when the male and female Bangladeshi subjects were compared, no significant differences were found in cephalometric craniofacial parameters between both sexes. In view of the findings of this study, it is evident that there are some fundamental differences in the craniofacial structure between Bangladeshis and the Caucasians. These differences should be kept in mind to facilitate better diagnosis, and orthodontic treatment for Bangladeshi patients. The results of the present study support the idea that a single standard of facial esthetics should not be applied to all racial and ethnic groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15997 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 11-15
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Daskalogiannakis, John, Gabriëlle E. H. M. Dijkman, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and R. Bruce Ross. "Comparison of Facial Morphology in Two Populations with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate from Two Different Centers." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 43, no. 4 (2006): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-082.1.
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Objective To identify differences in craniofacial morphology of two populations with a history of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated under different protocols. Design Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Cleft Center of the University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Cleft Lip and Palate Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Subjects Nineteen patients (16 male, 3 female) from Nijmegen and 19 patients (16 male, 3 female) from Toronto. Each patient was matched for sex and age with a patient from the other group. The mean ages at which lateral cephalometric radiographs were available for the Nijmegen group were 5.5, 9.9, and 18.3 years, while for the Toronto group these were available at mean ages of 5.3, 10.1, and 18.3 years, respectively. Eighteen patients from the Nijmegen group received an alveolar bone graft at a mean age of 9.5 years (range 8.2 to 13.5 years). None of the patients from Toronto received bone grafts. Main Outcome Measures Eighteen cephalometric variables per radiograph were calculated at each time registration, using Dentofacial Planner cephalometric software. Statistical evaluation was performed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results No differences were seen in the maxillary measurements. The patients in the Toronto group had significantly larger mandibles at all three time registrations. Conclusions The Nijmegen and Toronto protocols resulted in similar maxillary projections in patients with UCLP. Comparison of data from other studies supports the contention that the larger profile convexity of the Nijmegen group is a reflection of a genetically determined smaller mandibular size in the Dutch population.
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Ghonim, Hany A., Essam M. Nassef, and Fouad A. El Sharaby. "Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Orthodontic Patients with Different Skeletal Classes Using STOP-BANG Questionnaire: An Observational Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. D (2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5892.
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AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in orthodontic adult patients with different skeletal classes and no pathology in the airway as detected from the lateral cephalometric radiographs using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. METHODS: The sample comprised 309 subjects (152 males and 157 females) collected from the Egyptian population presented to the orthodontic follicular unit extraction for treatment. The sample was divided into three groups based on the anteroposterior relationship between maxilla and mandible (ANB angle) as evident from pretreatment lateral cephalometric. Patients were asked to fill out general medical history, sign a consent form, and fill in the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Patient’s neck size and height were measured using tape measuring tool and weighing scale, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained. After submission of the questionnaire, scores were measured for each patient to evaluate the severity of OSA. RESULTS: Comparison between OSA risk in the three classes showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.791, effect size = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: STOP-BANG questionnaire showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of OSA between different skeletal classes.
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Yamaguchi, Noboru, Shiho Nakamura, Haruyoshi Yamaza, et al. "Clinical Approach to a Suspected Case of First Branchial Arch Syndrome." Case Reports in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/506804.
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First branchial arch syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies in the first branchial arch, mainly affecting the lower jaw, ear, or mouth, during early embryonic development. We sought to confirm a suspected case of this syndrome by making differential diagnosis and taking an intensive clinical approach. A 12-year-6-month-old girl with a horizontally impacted left canine in the maxilla had the history of digital fusion in her hands and feet and has been suffering from hearing impairment of her left ear. To diagnose this case and make her careful treatment plan, we further carried out cephalometric analysis and mutation analysis. Her face looks like asymmetry and is not apparently symmetric by cephalometric analysis. Mutation analysis of the patient was conducted by direct DNA sequencing of the goosecoid gene, which is an excellent candidate for determination of hemifacial microsomia, but no changes in this gene were identified. We could not precisely diagnose this case as first branchial arch syndrome. However, certain observations in this case, including hearing impairment of the left ear, allow us to suspect this syndrome.
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Drohomyretska, M., and Mohammed Sadek Abu Sulaiman. "Assessment of functional indicators in children with class II Malocclusion with normal, and impaired external respiratory function assessed with spirometry." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 112, no. 5-6 (2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2022-5-6-46.
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Background. Class II malocclusion is one of the most common problems in orthodontic practice and is accompanied by certain morphological, functional, and aesthetic changes: a violation of the dynamic balance of muscles of a peri-oral area and tongue, which affects many functions of the child: there are disorders of external breathing, speech, chewing and swallowing functions. Among vital functions, breathing can be called one of the most important, because the exchange of air between a living being, and the external atmosphere is necessary to meet the metabolic needs of the body. During the respiratory process, the tissues of the oral cavity are the first structures that come into contact with the air moving to the upper respiratory tract. Thus, a malocclusion, especially in Class II with retrognathia mandible, can lead to narrowing of the upper respiratory tract. And these changes, in turn, can adversely affect lung function. Therefore, the correction of retrognathia mandible in Class II Malocclusion by functional appliances can have a beneficial effect on the functions of the lower respiratory tract. Objective. Study of functional (cephalometric and spirometric indicators) in patients aged 7–13 years with skeletal class II malocclusion with normal and impaired function of external breathing. Research methods. Cephalometric analysis of the assessment of the position of the jaws and upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx) by the McNamara method. Spirometric analysis to assess lung function. Results. The conducted study did not reveal a correlation between the types of jaw growth profile and the volume of the upper respiratory tract in all experimental groups compared to patients in the control group. We also found a low correlation between the nasopharyngeal respiratory function and the position of the lower jaw in different types of class II malocclusion, while changes in the position of the lower jaw significantly affect the volume of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. We found a worsening of the results of FVC, FEV1, IT%(FEV1/FVC) PEF and FEF25–75% in children with narrowing of the upper airways (I-1 and II-1 subgroups) compared to all I-2 and II-2 subgroups and control group (p < 0.05), In addition, a non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease in spirometric measurements was noted in children without narrowing of the upper respiratory tract (I-2, II-2 subgroups) compared to control group. Conclusions. In order to determine the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of class II malocclusion, it is necessary to conduct a cephalometric and spirometric study before and after the treatment to determine its effectiveness. Key words: class II malocclusion, distal occlusion, impaired external breathing, cephalometric, spirometer.
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Daskalogiannakis, John, and Manisha Mehta. "The Need for Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral and Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 5 (2009): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-176.1.
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Objective: To determine the percentage of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate treated at SickKids since birth who would benefit from orthognathic surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Subjects: The review comprised records of 258 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and 149 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate born from 1960 to 1989. Of these, 211 and 129 patients, respectively, had been treated at SickKids since birth. Patients with syndromes or associated anomalies were excluded. Methods: Patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery were recorded. For the remaining patients, arbitrarily set cephalometric criteria were used in order to identify the “objective” need for surgery. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken beyond the age of 15 years were digitized using Dentofacial Planner cephalometric software. Results: Of the 211 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, 102 (48.3%) were deemed to benefit from orthognathic surgery. For the complete bilateral cleft lip and palate sample, the percentage was 65.1% (84 of 129). Definitive information on presurgical orthopedics was available for a small subsample (101 patients) of the complete unilateral cleft lip and palate cohort. The need for orthognathic surgery for this group was slightly higher (59.4%, or 60 of 101). Conclusion: These results suggest that a considerable percentage of patients with a history of complete cleft lip and palate at our institution require orthognathic surgery. Factors that need to be considered in the interpretation of these results include the quest for improvement in the profile aesthetics; the fact that the Canadian health care system covers the costs of surgery, making it more accessible to the patients; and the inclusion in the above figures of patients who had orthognathic surgery solely for reasons of closure of previously ungrafted alveolar clefts and associated fistulae.
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Alqahtani, Hamad, Sara Basuhail, Fahad Alsulaimani, et al. "The Relationship between Maxillary Sinus Volume and Different Cephalometric Characteristics in Orthodontics." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 14, no. 3 (2023): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_548_22.
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Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in both genders in a Saudi sample and among different skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 52 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 18 years or older individuals with complete dentition and healthy medical history. MSV was measured as the mean value of both sides in cubic millimeters (mm3) using OnDemand three-dimensional™ Dental. Cephalometric tracings were conducted on cephalograms obtained from CBCT scans. The beta, A × B, and Frankfort-mandibular plane angles were selected to determine the sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns of the study subjects. Descriptive statistics and other tests were conducted. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Fifty-two CBCT scans were included in this study (23 males and 29 females), with a mean age of 36 (±14) years. The mean MSV was 14887 (±5030.79) mm3. Males had statistically significantly larger MSV (16517 ± 5335 mm3) compared with females (13595 ± 4,452 mm3) (P = 0.036). There was no statistically significant difference in MSV among all other cephalometric measurements (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The MSV in the studied Saudi sample was larger among males. However, different skeletal patterns have no statistically significant differences in MSV.
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Goyaliya, Abhishek, and Rupesh Gupta. "Comparative Assessment of Sagittal Maxillo-mandibular Jaw Relationship - A Cephalometric Study." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2012): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-6-1-14.
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ABSTRACT History is evident that correct assessment of Sagittal Jaw Relationship has always remained the perennial problem in orthodontics. The present study is undertaken to use Sagittal methods for assessing individuals and classifying for Skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III based on Jaw Relationship and to evaluate the reliability of sagittal methods. 200 subjects in the age group of 12 to 18 yrs were selected and were subjected to cephalometric radiography and traced. The sample was divided into skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III on the basis of AXD angle, FABA angle and MM Bisector. Subsequently following angles and linear measurements were measured; Beta angle; AB plane angle; JYD angle; ANB angle; AXB angle; AF - BF and App - Bpp. Result - Consistency could be demonstrated by all the methods assessed by Antero-Posterior jaw relationship. Insignificant difference on influence of growth, age and sex was noted. Angular methods used for assessing jaw relationship such as FABA, AXD, Beta and linear measurements such as App-Bpp, MM Bisector could demonstrate superiority for assessing Antero-Posterior jaw relationship over other methods such as AXB, AB plane, ANB and AF-BF which showed more variability.
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Ong, Seung-Hwan, and Young-Jae Kim. "Early screening and treatment methods of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing(SDB) in dental office." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 61, no. 5 (2023): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2023.61.5.001.
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Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing(SDB) is a common sleep disorder in children caused by obstruction of upper airway during sleep. It is often unrecognized early in life and causes various complications, including abnormal craniofacial growth and oral muscle dysfunctions. Dentist can play a significant role in managing SDB by early screening SDB risk factors and timely referring for diagnosis. SDB risk factors can be easily screened in dental office through medical history, sleep history, physical factors, sleep questionnaire, and cephalometric x-ray. In case of abnormal craniofacial development, rapid maxillary expansion, oral appliances, and myofunctional therapy can be used to reduce SDB symptoms and restore normal craniofacial development and muscular tones. Understanding continuous interaction between oral-facial muscle tone, maxillary-mandibular growth and development of SDB is important in managing pediatric SDB. The ultimate goal of pediatric SDB treatment is to change mouth breathing to nasal breathing, and a multidisciplinary approach in medicine and dentistry is necessary.
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Astari, Erwina Maya, Ratna Indriyanti, Inne Suherna Sasmita, Willyanti Soewondo, and Risti Saptarini Primarti. "Relationship of skeletal malocclusion classification and sagittal lip position in children." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 8, no. 3 (2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.047.
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Malocclusion diagnosis can be established through history taking, clinical examination, and evaluation of diagnostic records in the form of study models, clinical photographs, and cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric radiograph is an important data for evaluating the craniofaciodental relationship and for assessing the soft tissue matrix. The purposes of this study were to describe the position of the sagittal lip based on Jefferson's class I, II, and III classification of skeletal malocclusions, as well as, to see the relationship between the skeletal classification and the position of the sagittal lip in children. The research method used was analytic cross-sectional, consisting of 90 secondary data of pediatric patients (age 8-12 years) at RSGM, Padjadjaran University, Bandung. This study used Jefferson's analysis to determine the skeletal classification and Sushner's analysis to determine the position of the sagittal lips. The data then were analyzed using Kendall Concordal analysis and Spearman Rank correlation. The results showed that the sagittal lip position in the three skeletal malocclusions was more protrusive than the normative value. There was a statistically significant relationship between the skeletal malocclusion class and the position of the upper and lower lip (at 80%, p-value = 5.69E-32 &#60;0.05). The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship between the classification of skeletal malocclusion classes I, II, and III and the sagittal lip position in children.
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Makhlynets, N., and Z. Ozhogan. "Functional matrix in the development of the facial skeleton in children." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 110, no. 1-2 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2022-1-2-58.
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The aim of the study. Identifying the relationship between the presence of a bad habit and the violation of the formation of the facial skeleton in children. Improving the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with pathological occlusion and existing bad habits through orthodontic treatment and elimination of bad habits. Research methods. Examined and treated 15 patients aged 9–12 years (group I) and 15 patients aged 12–15 years (group II) with dental and maxillary anomalies and disorders of the architecture of the mouth against the background of bad habits. All patients underwent rehabilitation of the oral cavity, orthodontic treatment with removable and non-removable structures, surgical correction of violations of the architecture of the oropharynx (freneloplasty, plastic connective tissue plastics). Conducted a clinical study, where the main point was the detection of abnormally attached bridles of the lips and tongue, the presence of connective tissue strands in the lateral group of teeth, changes in the dental-maxillary system due to bad habits. Computed tomography – to detect changes in the position of teeth and their rudiments, density and thickness of the bony structure of the jaw bones. We performed the following 3D-modeling of the facial skull and studied the cephalometric parameters of McNamara, the thickness of symmetrical masticatory muscles, analyzed the relationship between muscle thickness and bone thickness. We compared the changes in the photoprotocol before treatment, after treatment. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that 96.6 % of the examined patients (29 people) have bad habits. Patients who were able to overcome the bad habit were more likely to receive the desired therapeutic effect from the treatment based on the results of clinical and radiological examination, cephalometric analysis and photoprotocol. All patients before treatment had violations of the architecture of the oropharynx, manifested by highly attached strands in the area of the canines, premolars and bridle of the lip on the lower jaw (less than 5 mm); low-attached strands in the area of the canines, premolars and bridle of the lip on the upper jaw (less than 5 mm). Computed tomography data showed changes in the density and thickness of the bony structure of the jaw bones in areas where they were able to eliminate the bad habit. An increase in the thickness of the bony structure of the facial skull and an increase in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the side where they managed to eliminate the bad habit were observed. Patients in groups I and II had a significant difference in cephalometric parameters according to McNamara before treatment and one year after the start of active treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The indicators in groups I and II did not differ significantly before treatment (p ≥ 0.05), but differed significantly one year after treatment (p ≤ 0.05), which is associated with the properties of bone structure at different ages of patients. Conclusions. Bad habits progress regardless of the patient's age, manifested in 96.6 % of patients.The results of clinical and radiological studies, analysis of cephalometric parameters and data on the thickness of the masticatory muscles confirm the relationship between chronic bad habits and the development of musculoskeletal system. The results indicate the ability of bone tissue to change its thickness, shape after the elimination of bad habits and confirm the presence of a functional matrix of bone structure. Bad habit is often one of the etiological factors in the development of pathological occlusion and only with its conscious elimination the patient achieves the desired therapeutic effect. Key words: bad habits, bone structure, orthodontic treatment.
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Utyuzh, A. S., Fatima К. Dzalaeva, S. O. Chikunov, M. V. Mikhailova, and M. K. Budunova. "Interdisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of patients with a need for complete dental reconstruction: a clinical case." Russian Journal of Dentistry 24, no. 4 (2020): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2020-24-4-240-246.
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This study aimed to test the algorithm of complex clinical, functional, and instrumental analysis in the context of treatment for patients with a need of complete dental reconstruction.
 Materials and methods. A rehabilitation program for patients with adentia was proposed, which was based on the objective examination data obtained comprehensively with multiple diagnostic methods. Particular attention was paid to the temporomandibular joint function and symptoms of maxillofacial muscle abnormalities.
 Results. The clinical case report covers the results of the examination and treatment of a patient who previously received implants in one of the clinics without an appropriate examination and an operating template. A set of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was defined that included clinical, functional, and instrumental analysis of condylographic and cephalometric data. The outcomes from treatment and rehabilitation allowed the optimal occlusal load distribution, and the oral hygiene improved. The approach that was used here enabled a timely correction of functional and esthetic disorders.
 Conclusions. The algorithm to treat patients who need complete dental reconstruction should include asking the medical history, clinical instrumental analysis (condylography), recording and evaluating the static and dynamic occlusal characteristics, and assessing cephalometric and esthetic characteristics. The algorithm is anatomically and pathogenetically justified, since it takes into account all alterations and interconnections between dentofacial structures and other body systems that underlie the clinical manifestations in patients with adentia who have a need for complete dental reconstruction.
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Rizvi, Hasan Mohammad. "Cephalometric Study of the Dentofacial Complex of Bangladeshis according to Downs Analysis." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 42, no. 2 (2024): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v42i2.72357.
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Introduction: The purpose of this study is to formulate cephalometric norms of the Bangladeshi population using Downs Analysis; and to evaluate whether significant cephalometric differences exist between Bangladeshi and Caucasian people. Methods: The study was conducted for 91 Bangladeshi young adults (48 males and 43 females), aged 19–27 years, with esthetically pleasing and harmonious faces, Angle I molar relationship, with all permanent teeth present and no history of orthodontic treatment orofacial trauma. Lateral cephalograms taken of these subjects were used for a series of morphometric analysis. Results: There was a significant difference between the genders on some values. Bangladeshi Female showed significantly larger facial angle more protrusive chin and angle of convexity which is more protrusive maxillary part than that of Males. While Bangladeshi male showed significantly greater Y-axis angle that means downward forward growth pattern, and steeper Cant of occlusal plane than that of females. Statistically, several significant differences were noticeable in the results of the present study when compared with the norms suggested for a white Caucasian population by Downs. Bangladeshi’s exhibit significantly smaller facial angle more retrusive mandible, significantly greater Y-axis angle more downward forward growth pattern and also significantly more protrusive anterior teeth than that of the Caucasian population. Conclusion: These results have clinical implications in the diagnosis and treatment of adult Bangladeshis with dentofacial deformities. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 149-154
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Park, Wook Joo, and Jun-Beom Park. "History and application of artificial neural networks in dentistry." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 04 (2018): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_325_18.
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ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) is a commonly used term in daily life, and there are now two subconcepts that divide the entire range of meanings currently encompassed by the term. The coexistence of the concepts of strong and weak AI can be seen as a result of the recognition of the limits of mathematical and engineering concepts that have dominated the definition. This presentation reviewed the concept, history, and the current application of AI in daily life. Applications of AI are becoming a reality that is commonplace in all areas of modern human life. Efforts to develop robots controlled by AI have been continuously carried out to maximize human convenience. AI has also been applied in the medical decision-making process, and these AI systems can help nonspecialists to obtain expert-level information. Artificial neural networks are highly interconnected networks of computer processors inspired by biological nervous systems. These systems may help connect dental professionals all over the world. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. This presentation reviewed the history of artificial neural networks in the medical and dental fields, as well as current application in dentistry. As the use of AI in the entire medical field increases, the role of AI in dentistry will be greatly expanded. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. In addition to diagnosis of visually confirmed dental caries and impacted teeth, studies applying machine learning based on artificial neural networks to dental treatment through analysis of dental magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cephalometric radiography are actively underway, and some visible results are emerging at a rapid pace for commercialization.
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Fahradyan, Artur, Erik M. Wolfswinkel, Noreen Clarke, et al. "Impact of the Distance of Maxillary Advancement on Horizontal Relapse After Orthognathic Surgery." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 4 (2018): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617739731.
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Background: The maxillary horizontal relapse following Le Fort I advancement has been estimated to be 10% to 50%. This retrospective review examines the direct association between the amounts of maxillary advancement and relapse. We hypothesize that the greater the advancement, the greater the relapse amount. Method: Patients with class III skeletal malocclusion underwent maxillary advancement with either a Le Fort I or a Le Fort I with simultaneous mandibular setback (bimaxillary surgery) from 2008 to 2015. Patients were assessed for a history of cleft lip or cleft palate. Patients with known syndromes were excluded. Cephalometric analysis was performed to compare surgical and postsurgical changes. Results: Of 136 patients, 47.1% were males and 61.8% had a history of cleft. The mean surgery age was 18.9 (13.8-23) years and 53.7% underwent a bimaxillary procedure. A representative subgroup of 35 patients had preoperative, immediate postoperative, and an average of 1-year postoperative lateral cephalograms taken. The mean maxillary advancement was 6.3 mm and the horizontal relapse was 1.8 mm, indicating a 28.6% relapse. A history of cleft and amount of maxillary advancement were directly correlated, whereas bone grafting of the maxillary osteotomy sites was inversely correlated with the amount of relapse ( P < .05). Conclusions: Our data suggest positive correlation between amount of maxillary advancement and horizontal relapse as well as a positive correlation between history of cleft and horizontal relapse. Bone grafting of the maxillary osteotomy sites has a protective effect on the relapse.
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Khalid, Muhammad Danial, Asrar Ahmed, Yusra Jamil Khattak, Saira Atif, Qurat-ul-Ain Qurat-ul-Ain, and Ayousha Iqbal. "Variability in depth of curve of Spee and its associated skeletal and dental implications in population of Pakistan." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14144.
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Background and Aim: The curve of Spee (COS) is a physiological entity in human dentition. A functional masticatory system necessitates an appropriate occlusal curvature. The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the skeletal and dental parameters in individuals with variation in the depth of curve of Spee. Materials and Methods: A total of 276 patients with pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and dental cast models were investigated in the Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Mardan, Pakistan from January 2021 to December 2022. Patients with no prior history of orthopedic treatment for functional jaw, prosthodontic treatment, no prior history of cleft lip and palate and cranio-facial disorders were enrolled. Ethical approval was obtained and all the patients were categorized into three groups based on the depth of curve of Spee (COS): Group-I (flat curvature < 2 mm), Group-II (normal curvature 2-3 mm), and Group-III (deep curvature > 3 mm). Lateral cephalometric analysiswas done to measure the four angular and four linear parameters. Molar relation, overbite, COS depth, and overjet were measured based on the occlusal classification. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis.
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RONSANI, Maiara Medeiros, Thiago Martins MEIRA, Luiz Roberto GODOLFIM, and Roberto Ramos GARANHANI. "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: how should the dental surgeon proceed?" RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 62, no. 4 (2014): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201400040000101843.
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The aim of this study is to describe a case report of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and to describe a logical sequence for the treatment of patients who suffer from this disease. Through an interpretation of the polysomnography examination, case history, and clinical examination and by performing cephalometric analysis for sleep apnea, a safe and effective treatment using an intraoral device was indicated. Along these lines, a mandibular advancement device, the Posicionador Luiz Godolfim (PLG), was constructed. After using the device for 4 weeks, the patient underwent another polysomnography, which showed the absence of obstructive sleep apnea. The steps followed for the treatment in this case highlight the importance of and the need for a correct and careful approach for patients with sleep apnea referred to dental office. The approach and sequence presented ensured the success of treatment in this case.
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Enache, Aurelia Magdalena, Alexandru Marghescu, Roxana Antoanela Baluta, Maria Otilia Blajin, and Maria Cristina Pomana. "LIMITED ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT IN MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY II." Romanian Journal of Neurology 16, no. 4 (2017): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2017.4.5.
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Rationale. Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is a multisystemic autosomal dominant disease characterized by myotonia and progressive muscular weakness and atrophy. Objective. The purpose of this study was to describe the dental, skeletal and muscular features in a family with myotonic dystrophy type II and to discuss possible therapeutic strategies. Methods and results. This study presents the case of a family (a mother and two daughthers) diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type II. Beside the medical history and genetic tests, each subject underwent a clinical examination including impression taking, intra- and extraoral photographs and cephalometric analysis. Our investigations revealed alterations in the transversal and vertical planes. Conclusions. Our findings were consistent with previously reported craniofacial features of patients affected by myotonic disorders, and they may be important diagnostic signs of a congenital muscular disease. We found that the most predominant malocclusions were the anterior open bite and posterior crossbite, but the tendency to class III malocclusion is in contradiction with their findings.
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Sanjay, N., Abdul Rahim Khan, RNG Rajesh, MR Dinesh, KS Girish, and Karthik Venkataraghavan. "Comparison of Reproducibility of Natural Head Position using Two Methods." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 1 (2012): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1092.
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ABSTRACT Lateral cephalometric radiographs have become virtually indispensable to orthodontists in the treatment of patients. They are important in orthodontic growth analysis, diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring of therapy and evaluation of final treatment outcome. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the maximum reproducibility with minimum variation of natural head position using two methods, i.e. the mirror method and the fluid level device method. Materials and methods The study included two sets of 40 lateral cephalograms taken using two methods of obtaining natural head position: (1) The mirror method and (2) fluid level device method, with a time interval of 2 months. Inclusion criteria • Subjects were randomly selected aged between 18 to 26 years Exclusion criteria • History of orthodontic treatment • Any history of respiratory tract problem or chronic mouth breathing • Any congenital deformity • History of traumatically-induced deformity • History of myofacial pain syndrome • Any previous history of head and neck surgery. Results The result showed that both the methods for obtaining natural head position—the mirror method and fluid level device method were comparable, but maximum reproducibility was more with the fluid level device as shown by the Dahlberg's coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. The minimum variance was seen with the fluid level device method as shown by Precision and Pearson correlation. Conclusion The mirror method and the fluid level device method used for obtaining natural head position were comparable without any significance, and the fluid level device method was more reproducible and showed less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position. Clinical significance Fluid level device method was more reproducible and shows less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position. How to cite this article Khan AR, Rajesh RNG, Dinesh MR, Sanjay N, Girish KS, Venkataraghavan K. Comparison of Reproducibility of Natural Head Position using Two Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):31-39.
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Solov’ev, M. M., E. B. Katinas, and I. A. An. "Pattern of facial beauty: previously undefined proportions." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 4 (2020): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-226-232.
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Aim: to develop an universal cephalometric analysis of a beautiful female face and a simple method of the planning of orthognathic surgery for correcting malocclusions, improving airway permeability, and achieving a good stable esthetic outcome. Patients and Methods: to determine facial proportions, a term “rondist” (Ro) was introduced defined as a horizontal plane that corresponds with the natural line dividing a head into the upper and lower portions. Three planes being perpendicular to the rondist go through the subnasal point (Sn), glabella (Gb), and tuber frontale (Tf). LF is the lower one-third of the face. A profile depth (PD) is the ratio of Sn-Gb distance to Gb-Tf distance while a lower facial inclination (LFI) is the angle between LF and Ro (LF/Ro). 122 most beautiful female photos from various rankings were analyzed. All faces were allocated to either group 1 (modern Caucasian women, n=52), 2 (20th century Caucasian women, n=33), 3 (Mongoloid women, n=19), or 4 (Negroid women, n=18). Results: side portrait image was found for each face. PD and LFI were determined. PD and LFI were 0.97±0.016 93.3°±0.6° in group 1 (Gaussian distribution), 0.97±0.02 and 93.0°±0.8° in group 2, 0.96±0.02 and 93.6°±1.1° in group 3, and 0.97±0.03 and 92.6°±1.1° in group 4, respectively. Statistical analysis has demonstrated that all distributions belong to the same general population. Conclusion: the characterization of a novel facial plane (Ro) and cephalometric analysis revealed the race- and history-independent criteria of a beautiful face that are intuitively defined by most people. Beautiful faces follow the same template with PD equal to 1.0 and LFI closer to 90°. KEYWORDS: facial proportions, attractiveness, dental anomalies, sleep apnea. FOR CITATION: Solov’ev M.M., Katinas E.B., An I.A. Pattern of facial beauty: previously undefined proportions. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):226–232. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-226-232.
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Antohi, Cristina, Danisia Haba, Lavinia Caba, et al. "Novel Mutation in APC Gene Associated with Multiple Osteomas in a Family and Review of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of Extracolonic Manifestations in Gardner Syndrome." Diagnostics 11, no. 9 (2021): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091560.
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Gardner syndrome is a neoplasic disease that associates intestinal polyposis and colorectal adenocarcinoma with osteomas and soft tissue tumors determined by germline mutations in the APC gene. The early diagnosis and identification of high-risk individuals are important because patients have a 100% risk of colon cancer. We present the case of a family with Gardner syndrome. Cephalometric, panoramic X-rays and CBCT of the proband and her brother showed multiple osteomas affecting the skull bones, mandible and paranasal sinuses. The detailed family history showed an autosomal dominant transmission with the presence of the disease in the mother and maternal grandfather of the proband. Both had the typical signs of disease and died in the fourth decade of life. Based on these aspects the clinical diagnosis was Gardner syndrome. By gene sequencing, a novel pathogenic variant c.4609dup (p.Thr1537Asnfs*7) in heterozygous status was identified in the APC gene in both siblings. We reviewed literature data concerning the correlation between the localization of mutations in the APC gene and the extracolonic manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis as well as their importance in early diagnosis and adequate oncological survey of patients and families based on abnormal genomic variants.
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Neeraj Dherwani, Vishal Dherwani, Talha Asad Khan, Kashif Haroon, Hafiz Mahmood Azam, and Muhammad Aqeel Aslam. "Cephalometric evaluation of mandibular incisor inclination through incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA): A cross-sectional study in Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 31, no. 01 (2023): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.01.7680.
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Objective: To evaluate the incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) among the Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross-sectional Learning. Period: 1st January 2019 till 30th June 2019. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, University College of Dentistry The University Lahore. Material & Methods: 100 participants were incorporated in the learning by following inclusive standards. Demographic history i.e. name, age, gender, contact, and outcome variable i.e. IMPA value was recorded in a pre-designed proforma. Tracing of lateral cephalogram diagnosed as Class II Division I malocclusion was done by placing the Matte Acetate tracing paper over the radiograph. IMPA was used to assess the lower incisor inclination parameter Data were analyzed by using SPSS-20. Post-stratification students' t-test was smeared with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 44 subjects were males while the 56 subjects were females. The mean IMPA among all the patients were found to be 107.71°±3.89°. Whereas, the mean IMPA in male and female subjects was 106.91°±3.62° and 108.34°±4.01°, respectively. Similarly, the mean IMPA in non-obese subjects was 107.81°±3.81° and in obese subjects was 107.13°±4.41°, respectively. However, a non-significant relationship was found between both factors. Conclusion: The mean IMPA in patients with “Class II Division I malocclusion” is 107.71°±3.89° with a minimum and maximum value of 100° and 117° which may be incorporated for the treatment plan among Pakistani population.
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Garrido, Andrea, Alaa Alsafadi, Iván Menéndez, Ramón Cobo, and Teresa Cobo. "Is there a relationship between sella turcica calcification and thyroid cartilage calcification? A random study using lateral cephalometric radiography." European Journal of Anatomy 26, no. 5 (2022): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/aeso9994.
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Thyroid cartilage changes begin in the second decade of life with the horn of the thyroid cartilage, and spread throughout the individual’s lifetime to other cartilage plates. However, the objective of the present study is to assess if there is an association between thyroid calcification (TC) and sella turcica bridging (STB). Forty patients, 11 men and 29 women, aged between 40 and 62 years with a mean age of 48.6 years were studied. The sample inclusion criteria of this study were age in the fourth decade, no craniofacial deformities, no history of craniofacial surgical intervention, good-quality lateral cephalometric radiographs, and good visualization of the sella turcica (ST). A total of 40 registered patients were included in the assessment of calcification of the thyroid cartilage. Of these, 75% presented with thyroid calcifications, and 25% did not. Data on sex was available for all 40 registered patients. A total of 72.5% were female, and 27.5% were male. While in a comparison between calcification of the thyroid and calcification of the sella turcica, no statistical relationship was observed between the two variables. Thyroid cartilage calcification could be considered a normal part of the ageing process, while STB could appear on lateral radiographs due to superimposition of the anatomical structures. In this study, we found no relationship between thyroid cartilage calcification and STB, and a larger patient sample is required for evaluating calcification of the thyroid and STB.
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Sritara, Sasin, Yoshiro Matsumoto, Yixin Lou, Jia Qi, Jun Aida, and Takashi Ono. "Association between the Temporomandibular Joint Morphology and Chewing Pattern." Diagnostics 13, no. 13 (2023): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132177.
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This study aimed to investigate whether the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is associated with chewing patterns while considering skeletal morphology, sex, age, and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A cross-sectional observational study of 102 TMJs of 80 patients (age 16–40 years) was performed using pretreatment records of cone-beam computed tomography imaging of the TMJ, mandibular kinesiographic records of gum chewing, lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs, patient history, and pretreatment questionnaires. To select appropriate TMJ measurements, linear regression analyses were performed using TMJ measurements as dependent variables and chewing patterns as the independent variable with adjustment for other covariates, including Nasion-B plane (SNB) angle, Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), amount of lateral mandibular shift, sex, age, and symptoms of TMD. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for other covariates, the length of the horizontal short axis of the condyle and radius of the condyle at 135° from the medial pole were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the chewing patterns in the frontal plane on the working side. “Non-bilateral grinding” displayed a more rounded shape of the mandibular condyle. Conversely, “bilateral grinding” exhibited a flatter shape in the anteroposterior aspect. These findings suggest that the mandibular condyle morphology might be related to skeletal and masticatory function, including chewing patterns.