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1
Laguna, Flores Jonathan. "Determining the user experience level of operating computer systems in the Central Bank of Mexico". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122391.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-105).
The purpose of this thesis is to measure the user experience (UX) level of operating computer systems built in the Central Bank of Mexico. The user experience is subjective and depends on a user's interaction with the ergonomic and hedonic qualities of a product, service, or system. A user experience framework based on the literature review was proposed. This framework was used to decompose the user experience into ergonomic, hedonic, and appeal attributes, which were used to measure the UX level of the Bank's operating computer systems. Two surveys, one for systems' users and one for systems' developers were applied in the Bank in order to collect their opinions regarding the different UX attributes (variables) of systems on a seven-point scale that made use of semantic differential (polar adjectives) technique. The survey results were analyzed in order to identify UX opportunity areas by category of systems, as well as by UX variable. Differences among the opinions between users and developers regarding the UX level of systems were found. A strongly positive correlation between the UX level (UX index) determined through the ergonomic and hedonic variables, and the appeal (Appeal index), was found. Finally, the spotted UX opportunity areas are discussed.
by Jonathan Laguna Flores.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
2
Rosa, Carlo. "Central Bank communication : the case of the European Central Bank". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2725/.
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Following the opening chapter, which surveys existing literature on the transparency of central bank communication, the remaining chapters each address a simple question to better understand central bank communication, and its effects on financial markets using the European Central Bank (ECB) as a case study. Specifically: o How informative is ECB communication. Chapter 2 provides a glossary that translates explicitly the qualitative information of ECB President monthly press conferences into an ordered scale. We show that the predictive ability of these statements is similar to market-based measures of monetary policy expectations. Moreover, we find that ECB words provide complementary information to macroeconomic variables. o Is it possible to measure objectively qualitative statements. Chapter 3 uses Alceste, textual-content analysis software, to categorize each ECB announcement. We find that these categories explain the volatility of financial market expectations of future monetary policy, but are not statistically helpful in predicting future policy actions. o Is the ECB transparent about its monetary policy framework. Chapter 4 proposes an indirect test of transparency. By looking at ECB explanations of its monetary policy decisions we identify new measures of euro area economic activity and price stability. Then, we use these macroeconomic variables to estimate an ECB-specific empirical reaction function, which better forecasts its future actions compared to standard Taylor-type rules. o Do financial intermediaries understand and believe ECB statements. The final chapter shows that innovations in market expectations about future monetary policy can be explained by unexpected ECB announcements. Hence, we conclude that even if the ECB is a relatively young multinational financial institution, it has already acquired a reputation for telling the truth. Moreover, in order to describe properly its monetary policy we need two dimensions: both the current policy rate and its planned future path.
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Reyes-González, Josée-Antonio. "Theorising bank governance : the case of Mexico". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21514.
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This is a study of bank governance. The proposed theory stipulates that direction and control is determined by the interaction of the internal and external forces constituting the bank governance system. The internal forces of governance, mainly managers and owners, act on behalf of private interests. The external forces, mainly the market and the regulator, act on behalf of the public interest in a safe and efficient banking system. Post-positivism is the methodological basis of theory construction. Its main elements are: firstly, social phenomena are studied in their socio-economic context, and, secondly, both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in empirical analyses of typical governance events. The study offers an alternative approach to shareholder theory of corporate governance; it offers a more comprehensive explanation of how firms, especially banks, are governed. The theoretical approach (methodology and theory) is used to explain the Mexican banking crisis, treating it as a typical governance event. The main findings of the study are: (i) financial system reforms in Mexico created a new system of bank governance in which the powers of the external forces were weakened, and those of the internal forces were strengthened; (ii) the new system lacked appropriate preventive regulations, thereby making bank owners the main source of systemic risk; (iii) the financial reforms assumed the market would discipline private interests, thereby creating a strong asymmetry in risk sharing between public and private interests; (iv) this asymmetry explains the scale of the banking crisis and the associated level of fiscal cost expended in the rescue of the banks. The study's main theoretical contribution is the systematic integration of regulation, including the legal framework, in the structure of bank governance. The theory provides a basis for a new research agenda on bank governance appropriate for empirical studies of banks in diverse socio-economic contexts.
4
Gupta, Abhijit Sen. "Essays in central bank policymaking /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Debelle, Guy. "Central bank independence and inflation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11969.
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Sen, Gupta Abhijit. "Essays in central bank policymaking /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Casado, Bertha. "An empirical analysis of bank lending in Mexico". Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425844.
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Parra, Julian Andres. "Essays on central bank inflation announcements". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609017.
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Spyromitros, Elelftherios. "Theoretical issues on Central Bank transparency". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR1EC11.
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Basé sur l’étude pionnière de Cukierman et Meltzer (1986), la transparence de la Banque centrale a attiré l'attention des chercheurs, ce qui a suscité l’émergence de la littérature sur la transparence. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons les conséquences théoriques et empiriques de cette transparence, et ensuite nous concentrons notre travail sur trois aspects théoriques relatifs à cette dernière. Le premier d’entre eux, concerne la relation économique entre la transparence de la Banque centrale et son indépendance. Le deuxième aspect étudie les effets de la transparence de la Banque centrale en intégrant dans le mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire le marché du travail et le marché financier. Finalement, nous y émettrons l’hypothèse que les autorités monétaires ne connaissent pas le vrai modèle de l'économie. Sous cette condition, nous analyserons les implications économiques relatives à la désirabilité de la transparence de la Banque centraleBased on the seminal paper by Cukierman and Meltzer (1986), the economic desirability of transparency has attracted attention and the economic literature on transparency has recently started to expand. First, we analyze the theoretical and empirical findings on central bank transparency and then we distinguish three theoretical issues on central bank transparency. The first issue concerns the economic relationship between central bank transparency and central bank independence. The second one is about the effects of central bank transparency when we integrate in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy the labor market and the financial market. Finally, we assume that policymakers do not that know the true model of the economy. Under this assumption, we seek for the economic implications as for the desirability of central bank transparency
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King, Jerome Hardy. "Prehistoric diet in Central Baja California, Mexico". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24174.pdf.
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Vleugels, René Marie Paul. "Industrialization and secondary cities in Central Mexico /". Saarbrücken : Breitenbach, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355108459.
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Fasha, Rikie. "Central bank evaluation of bank performance : a case study of Indonesia". Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633003.
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Defining organisational culture as organisational (bank) practices 'the way we do things around here', this study investigates the impact of organisational culture on organisational performance and fraud in the whole Indonesian banking system, using a set of panel data for the period of 2005-9. The research was motivated to fill-in the gap and to rectify the imbalance on the literature in the current global financial crisis and fraud still occurring environment, despite having been undergoing a programme of restructuring and transformation after Indonesia economic and currency crisis (1997-1998). Using appropriate econometric methods in analysing the secondary highly restricted and confidential data from Bank Indonesia (the central bank), this thesis answers the questions: (i) does organisational culture (sound banking practices) impact banking performance? in terms of a set of comprehensive performance: capital, assets, earnings, liquidity and fraud; (ii) if so, does organizational culture make different performance? based on different types of ownerships; (iii) if so, does organizational culture differentiate high-and-low bank performance. Using fixed-effects regression analysis and confirmed robustness by cross sectional regression analysis after having done Chow test and Hausmann test, multicollinearity and robustness standard error tests, this thesis results confirm all the research questions and sustain the organisational culture and performance link. The results support the widely believe in the literature that suggests organisational culture is a resource that produces better organisational performance, whilst minimising fraud. There is also acknowledgment that organisational culture differentiates high-and low performance banks, as well as based on different types of ownerships, namely: state, foreign, private and regional government banks. The results also suggest the best practices of high performance banks as finding the right balance between management actions and bank supervision functions. In particular, the result also verifies that the better the management and control function practices work-together effectively towards the same direction, the better the performance of the banks.
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Ayhan, Berkay. "A Critical Approach To Central Bank Independence: The Case Of The Central Bank Of The Republic Of Turkey". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610046/index.pdf.
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From the 1970s onwards, it is argued that central banks should be independent from politicians since the latter have an interest in seeking populist interventions to the conduct of the monetary policy. Additionally, it is often maintained that the sole aim of a central bank should be to seek price stability. Despite the seemingly neutral and objective tone of these arguments, central bank independence can find its meaning as a part of Neoliberalism, which restructured the economic administration of the state. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the notion of central bank independence and the case of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey in a multidisciplinary manner, in order to reveal its political and administrative implications.
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Lara, Sebastian. "The political determinants of central bank independence". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1449.
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Schultefrankenfeld, Guido [Verfasser]. "Essays on central bank forecasting / Guido Schultefrankenfeld". Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105197755X/34.
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Costa, Pedro Miguel Mendes Rosa. "Central bank independence and stock market returns". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10466.
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Mestrado em FinançasA independência dos bancos centrais é considerada tanto pela literatura como pelos decisores políticos como essencial para atingir estabilidade nos níveis de inflação estável e bem estar económico a longo prazo nas economias modernas. Geralmente, é uma teoria suportada pela ideia de que a independência dos bancos centrais permite atingir essa estabilidade sem prejudicar outras variáveis da economia. Até agora, e salvo raras exceções, os estudos feitos pela literatura sobre a relação da independência dos bancos centrais e as variáveis macroeconómicas têm negligenciado os retornos agregados dos mercados financeiros. Usando um conjunto de 21 países desenvolvidos, calculamos os respetivos retornos dos índices financeiros utilizando os índices MSCI, cotados em dólares americanos, e testamos se é possível encontrar algum impacto causado pelos vários níveis de independência dos bancos centrais. A nossa análise abrange um período de 20 anos e os resultados levam-nos a concluir que a hipótese de "free lunch" que acompanha os defensores da independência dos bancos centrais não é rejeitada quando estudamos o seu impacto nos retornos dos mercados financeiros.
Central bank independence is regarded by both literature and policymakers as essential for achieving stability in inflation and long term welfare in modern economies, and it is usually supported by the idea that it accomplishes such stability without harming other variables in the economy. Until very recently, the literature studies of its effect on several macroeconomic variables have neglected the analysis of stock market returns. Using a set of 21 developed countries, we calculate the respective yearly stock returns using the MSCI indices, quoted in US Dollars, and test if it is possible to trace an impact caused by the levels of independence of the countries' central banks. Our analysis spans for a period of 20 years and the results lead us to conclude that the free lunch hypothesis behind central bank independence cannot be rejected when its impact is studied on stock market returns.
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San, Miguel Olga Arratibel. "Monetary policy, credibility and central bank constitutions". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4017/.
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Although most macroeconomists agree that the control of inflation may involve losses of output, there is no consensus about why. New Classical economists, focusing on the issue of credibility, have identified incentive problems as important obstacles to price stability. On the contrary, many new Keynesians regard credibility problems as secondary. They focus on the microeconomic details of wage and price adjustments as potential sources of disinflationary costs. Yet, if the costs and the benefits of anti-inflationary policy are strictly related to the market structure of the economy, so will be the incentives tempting the monetary authority to inflate. Indeed, what we show in this thesis is that the microeconomic aspects of wage and price setting not only affect the costs (benefits) of credible disinflationary (inflationary) policy, but that they need to be considered to determine whether those disinflationary (inflationary) policies can be perceived as credible or not. Despite the relevance of this problem, the economic analysis of microfoundations has received little attention at the time of designing efficient resolutions for the credibility problem of monetary policy. This idea has been illustrated in different ways. First, Rogoff's idea of delegation does not seem very attractive, if the wage setting process appears to be dominated by insider workers. Moreover, we have underlined the difficulties that a country like Spain, with a highly distorted labour market, may face in fighting inflation. Second, interesting patterns of inflation and output behaviour may be generated by the interaction of both credibility problems and staggered wage setting. Finally, although the difficulties of implementing anti-inflationary policies are emphasised in all our examples, they are particularly severe when near-rational behaviour or, alternatively, costs of changing prices are taken into account.
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Arreola, Daniel Val. "Modelling small-scale dairy systems in central Mexico". Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485390.
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This study uses modelling as a research method to provide insights that allow a better understanding of small-scale dairy farms in Mexico. Both biological and economical aspects are considered, in order to look for a possible approximation to the way resources are perceived and measured in these systems; and to improve the efficiency with which resources are utilised according to a given criterion of efficiency. The work proposes that the main elements of Mexican small-scale dairy systems are the crop production component and the herd. component. In order to represent these components and the basic interaction between them, four optimisation models were developed. Chapter 3 is a study of forage production on Mexican small-scale dairy farms utilising linear programming as an optimisation technique. In order to evaluate. the alternatives suggested by the model, a partial budget was utilised. Chapter 4 describes a nutritional model, again utilising linear programming, aimed at exploring the effects of different feeding strategies over the lactation. The nutritional requirements were calculated by considering milk production and live weight changes over the lactation to evaluate the impact of such strategies on cow performance. The two chapters reveal the importance of a knowledge of the lactation curve. Therefore in Chapter 5 the lactation curve of Mexican dairy cattle is studied comparing different equations that could represent the sequence more accuratately. In Chapter 6, a linear programme was developed that allows optimising the calving pattern and the lactating herd structure. A Markov Chain procedure was then used to simulate the dynamics of reproduction in the herd in order to identify the reproductive parameters that may ensure keeping such an optimal calving pattern. Chapter 7 integrates the outputs obtained by .~ the previous model through multi criteria programme modelling in which the basic elements of the crop production component, the nutrient requirements of the lactating herd over the year.and the optimal herd structure are brought together. And finally, all these chapters are discussed in Chapter 8 where the findings are compared with the objectives proposed, and possible further research is suggested, together with the practical implication for the small-scale dairy producers in Central Mexico.
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Fernandez-Reynoso, Demetrio Salvador. "Evaluation of Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Central Mexico". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195783.
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In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is the most important crop (59% of its agriculture land) and the primary source of sediment yield. This study looks for alternatives to maintain corn productivity by means of sustainable soil and water conservation practices at central Mexico. In order to understand broad tendencies between soil erosion and crop productivity in the region, the EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) model was applied in the Texcoco's district as follows:1) Calibrate the model using 352 experimental corn plots established between 1972 and 1992 in 36 rural communities.2) Validate the model on a spatial basis, using GIS tools, by means of historic corn yields.3) Identify the most vulnerable areas where corn productivity is being affected by soil erosion.4) Analyze the relationship between soil erosion and crop productivity, over a 100 years of simulation, comparing the Current Management (CM) and the Recommended Management (RM) by governmental institutions.5) Evaluate the most feasible soil and water conservation practices for the region.From the calibration process, it was concluded that the EPIC model, under a wide range of environmental conditions, simulates very good corn yield (r2 between 0.88 and 0.90), annual runoff (r2=0.98), and annual sediment production (r2=0.96).Base on the official environmental inputs available in the region, the EPIC model can assess only a moderately strong relationship (r2=0.58) between the official historical crop records and the simulated ones.Comparison between CM and RM shows that the average crop yield in the region can be increased by 32.6% if RM were followed. Under the CM, the loss of soil fertility in the district reduces corn productivity by 3% over a hundred years. At least 50.0% of the region's agricultural area needs soil conservation practices, mainly on areas with slopes over 5%. If it is decided to grow corn under conventional till in such areas it is recommended to construct bench terraces in order to maintain soil erosion below 20 t/ha/yr. Corn under no till, besides control erosion, can also increase grain productivity by at least 40% (0.6 t/ha) by combining contouring, mulching, and manures.
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Metcalfe, Sarah Elizabeth. "Late Quaternary environments of central Mexico : a diatom record". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ce7f888-5827-499a-9886-0a86c95b1885.
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The nature and extent of environmental change over the Late Quaternary in Central Mexico is still uncertain. This study addresses the problem through an investigation of subfossil diatom assemblages in lacustrine sediments. As some doubt has been cast upon the reality of climatic change in Mexico, the variations in climate experienced over the archaeological and historical periods are described and possible explanations put forward in terms of the mechanisms of the present-day climate. The choice of technique and background to the region of the Neovolcanic Axis (Central Mexico) are outlined. As little is known of the modern aquatic environment of Central Mexico, a limnological survey was undertaken. The results of the analyses are discussed and possible trends of chemical evolution described. The modern diatom flora is presented for three areas and the results analysed using multivariate statistical techniques (TWINSPAN and DECORANA). These techniques highlight the importance of habitat in determining diatom assemblages. Subfossil diatom sequences are described from the Zacapu Basin, Michoacán (covering the last 28,000 years) and from the Upper Lerma Basin, Estado de México (covering about the last 11,600 years). Additional palaeoenvironmental information is provided by analyses of inorganic and organic geochemistry. In Central Mexico, wetter conditions probably prevailed prior to 25,000 (possibly 28,000) yr BP. In the Holocene, a dry event occurred between 7,500 and 7,000 yr BP, followed by a (?) major transgression soon afterwards. The period 4,500 - 4,000 yr BP appears to have been very dry, becoming wetter in the period 3,000 to 2,000 yr BP. Conditions were dry again by 1,300 yr BP. Man appears to have been an important agent of environmental change in Central Mexico over the last 3,000 years. His influence, extending into the Post-Hispanic period, is recorded in both the study areas. The results from the Zacapu and Upper Lerma basins fit well into the chronology of climatic change being developed for Central and northern South America.
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Velasco, Joel. "Nitrogen dynamics in integrated agricultural systems in central Mexico". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2458.
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Smallholdings (<5 ha) represent 73% of the total agricultural production systems in Mexico. Many are of low productivity, and little quantitative data has been published on the impact of traditional nitrogen (N) management practices on environmental performance at farm scale. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for increasing crop yields. While the benefits from the use of N fertilizer are self evident, it has resulted in low efficiency of N utilization and environmental problems. This project aimed to assess N dynamics in Integrated Agricultural Systems (lASs) in central Mexico. Nitrogen inputs, outputs and internal transfers were assessed and the impact of selected management practices on nitrogen flow, productivity and environmental performance were analyzed using nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indices. A predictive framework tool was developed following whole farm methodologies to quantify N flow, and to assess selected (NUE) indices such as 0/1 ratio, N loss, accumulated N, and the change of N in the soil pool at farm scale. Data used for the development of the predictive framework was derived from experimental evaluations of ammonia emissions during vermicomposting, and integrated with data from the literature, together with data from an integrated agricultural systems prototype in Montecillo Mexico. The main N inputs into integrated agricultural systems in the Texcoco region were estimated to be in the following order of significance: biological N fixation (11 - 532), manure (15 - 225), fertilizer (0 - 140) and rainfall water (30 - 35 kg haˉ¹ aˉ¹). The main N outputs were: N losses (70 - 528 kg haˉ¹ aˉ¹) and exported N in marketable products (72 - 338 kg haˉ¹ aˉ¹). Experimentally derived estimates of ammonia emissions during vermicomposting of sheep manure ranged from 10 - 15 kg Mgˉ¹ DM which corresponded to 42 - 47% of the initial N content in the manure substrate. The impact of current management practices showed 0/1 ratios ranging from 0.30 - 0. 76, N losses ranged from 76 to 210 kg haˉ¹ aˉ¹ and N depletion/ accumulation ranged from -25 - 143 kg haˉ¹ aˉ¹. The effect of selected management practices on 0/1 ratio was as follows: crop sequence > stocking density > livestock type > manure management. Whereas for N loss it was stocking density > livestock type > manure management > crop sequence. Higher productivity together with a more benign environmental impact could be attained in smallholder by implementing simple recommended manure management practices at farm scale.
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Thogmartin, Wayne E., Jay E. Diffendorfer, Laura López-Hoffman, Karen Oberhauser, John Pleasants, Brice X. Semmens, Darius Semmens, Orley R. Taylor y Ruscena Wiederholt. "Density estimates of monarch butterflies overwintering in central Mexico". PEERJ INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624050.
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Given the rapid population decline and recent petition for listing of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) under the Endangered Species Act, an accurate estimate of the Eastern, migratory population size is needed. Because of difficulty in counting individual monarchs, the number of hectares occupied by monarchs in the overwintering area is commonly used as a proxy for population size, which is then multiplied by the density of individuals per hectare to estimate population size. There is, however, considerable variation in published estimates of overwintering density, ranging from 6.9-60.9 million ha(-1). We develop a probability distribution for overwinter density of monarch butterflies from six published density estimates. The mean density among the mixture of the six published estimates was similar to 27.9 million butterflies ha(-1) (95% CI [2.4-80.7] million ha(-1)); the mixture distribution is approximately log-normal, and as such is better represented by the median (21.1 million butterflies ha(-1)). Based upon assumptions regarding the number of milkweed needed to support monarchs, the amount of milkweed (Asciepias spp.) lost (0.86 billion stems) in the northern US plus the amount of milkweed remaining (1.34 billion stems), we estimate >1.8 billion stems is needed to return monarchs to an average population size of 6 ha. Considerable uncertainty exists in this required amount of milkweed because of the considerable uncertainty occurring in overwinter density estimates. Nevertheless, the estimate is on the same order as other published estimates, The studies included in our synthesis differ substantially by year, location, method, and measures of precision. A better understanding of the factors influencing overwintering density across space and time would be valuable for increasing the precision of conservation recommendations.
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Maneschiöld, Per-Ola. "Essays on exchange rates and central bank credibility". [Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Göteborgs universitet], 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/ManeschioldNE.pdf.
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Ilieva, Janet Bogomilova. "Redefining central bank independence : a pan-national perspective". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404543.
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Tupits, Andres. "Legal framework for the Eurosystem national central bank". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1281.
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This thesis analyses legal issues related to the participation in the Eurosystem by a national central bank (NCB). My aim is to develop principles that could be used for a national central bank law for a European Union Member State that has adopted the euro. The transfer of monetary policy to the supranational level has substantially changed the European central banking framework and confronted the NCBs with their new role as members of the Eurosystem. This membership has affected the governance structures of NCBs, with the emphasis on Governors and their independence. Most of the changes relate to the fulfilment of tasks of the Eurosystem and the level of independence needed by the NCBs to carry out these tasks. I have found that although there are differences amongst the Member States, the understanding of central bank independence is fairly similar throughout the EU. The accountability of the NCBs is driven not by the EU but by national rules, which is why the extent of reporting commitments varies between the Member States. The same is true of transparency, with some NCBs tending to be more open towards the general public than the others. However, it remains debatable whether there should be a harmonisation of rules on transparency and accountability at the EU level and whether the establishment of such harmonised rules would set higher standards than the current average. A debate on whether the prudential supervision of credit institutions should be a European rather than a national matter has been going on for a number of years, and I would like to add to the discussion as far as the financial stability and ESCB-related tasks are concerned. Finally, on the basis of the Estonian NCB Statute, I suggest amendments reflecting best practices for central bank tasks, independence and accountability.
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Politsidis, Panagiotis N. "Essays on financial markets and central bank policy". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813755/.
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This Thesis consists of three chapters examining the interaction and comovement between different financial assets in terms of their price, liquidity and volatility, and analysing the impact of the central bank's monetary policy stance on this interaction. ''The interaction of the Stock, Bond and CDS markets: An empirical analysis'' examines the price co-movements between the stock, bond, and CDS markets finding differences in the timing with which information is reflected in these asset-markets. It further identifies the factors that generate order flow in these markets focusing on the instruments controlled closely by the central bank. The examination of those instruments includes a comparison between standard and non-standard monetary policy measures and the identification of the monetary transmission channel. ''Sovereign Bond and CDS Market Liquidity. Arbitrage Activities and Central Bank Interventions'' analyses the joint dynamics of sovereign bond and CDS market liquidity taking into account the no-arbitrage relationship between them, i.e., the CDS-bond basis, and provides evidence of asymmetric liquidity interaction between the two asset-markets. The examination of central bank interventions and regulatory changes reveals that the ECB's open market purchases and the EU's naked CDS ban managed to limit the mispricing in the sovereign bond and CDS markets and improved the bond-CDS liquidity interaction. ''Volatility and Integration in the European Sovereign Bond and CDS Markets'' studies the strength and direction of volatility linkages between European sovereign bond yields and CDS spreads and assesses whether volatility linkages lead to stronger cross-asset integration. The analysis points to the existence of two blocs within the EMU according to the level of bond-CDS integration, a level which in the EMU South is inversely related to the CDS-bond basis. It additionally lends support to the implementation of non-standard monetary policy measures, since an easing in the ECB's policy stance improves the level of cross-asset integration.
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Hayat, Muhammad Azmat. "Essays on central bank independence and public support". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12010/document.
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Cette thèse traite de certaines questions importantes d'économie politique, plus particulièrement liées à l'indépendance des banques centrales. Le premier chapitre de la thèse montre que la probabilité de remplacement d'un gouverneur de banque centrale est positivement liée à la part du mandat déjà effectuée, aux crises bancaires et monétaires, aux élections, aux réformes des statuts des banques centrales, ainsi qu'à l'inflation. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous montrons que le grand public connaît très bien la question de l'indépendance de la banque centrale. Cette question est analysée pour des échantillons représentatifs de 15 pays Européens, interrogés sur la proposition de créer une Banque Centrale Européenne (BCE) indépendante. Nous montrons que le comportement de l'inflation n'est pas suffisant pour expliquer la préférence des agents pour une banque centrale indépendante: les caractéristiques personnelles et les circonstances ont un impact plus fort, avec le sexe, l'emploi, le niveau d'éducation, de revenu, et le degré d'information et le souci civique montrant une significativité particulière. Le troisième chapitre de l'étude traite de la question du soutien de la banque centrale par le public. Nous employons un riche ensemble de déterminants potentiels, en combinant les données macro-économiques et socio-démographiques pour expliquer la confiance dans la BCE. Nous constatons que les personnes ayant un niveau de revenu élevé, d'éducation élevé et une orientation politique centriste ou de droite ont tendance à plus soutenir la BCE. La pertinence politique de ces résultats est importante pour la stratégie de communication de la BCE avec le public de l'UEThis thesis addresses some important issues in the political economy particularly related to central bank independence. The first chapter of the thesis explores the determinants of removal of central bankers and shows that the probability of replacing a central bank governor is positively related to the time already spent in office, to banking and currency crises, the occurrence of elections, central bank independence reforms, and inflation. In the second chapter, we demonstrate that general public adheres the issue and importance of independence of central bank very well. Using data from Eurobarometer surveys for 1998 to 2000 for 15 EU countries, which included a specific question on this issue, we show that inflation performance is not sufficient to explain people's preferences for an independent central bank: personal characteristics and circumstances have a stronger impact, with gender, employment status, education level, income, and degree of information and civic concern showing particular relevance. The third chapter of the study deals with the issue of support of the central bank in public. We employ a rich set of potential determinants, combining macroeconomic and socio-demographic data, to explain trust in the ECB. We find that people with higher level of income and education and centre to right-wing political orientation tend to support the ECB, as well as people with optimistic expectations on the economic situation. The policy relevance of this dissertation is important for the central banks' communication policy along general policies and also for the ECB's communication strategy with the EU public
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Bang, Kisun. "Central bank independence, budget deficits, seigniorage and inflation /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924863.
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Thornton, J. S. "Bank rediscounting at the central bank : Theories and some evidence for Germany, 1974-1982". Thesis, City University London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373357.
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Tymoigne, Eric Wray L. Randall. "Central banking, asset prices, and financial fragility what role for a central bank? /". Diss., UMK access, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics and Social Sciences Consortium. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in economics and social sciences." Advisor: L. Randall Wray. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 422-452). Online version of the print edition.
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Stanek, Piotr. "Efficiency of decision making in central banks : lessons for the European Central Bank". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-13.pdf.
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Cette thèse s'attache â comprendre les facteurs influencant l'efficacité de la prise de décision au sein des banques centrales. La littérature économique propose plusieurs facteurs pouvant influencer la qualité des decisions prise par un comité de politique monétaire tels que le nombre de membres, la règle de décision, les caractèristiques des décideurs ou encore les modalités de communication entre eux. Cette thèse se focalise sur la précision d'information comme la variable déterminant l'efficacité des décisions: plus elle est élevé meilleurs sont les résultats de la politique monétaire et cette politique devient plus réactive. La précision d'information acquise par le décideur dépend de son habilleté, de la cible de politique ainsi que des institutions de prise de décision. Empiriquement il a été montré que l'expérience professionnelle des membres de comité de politique monétaire influence le niveau d'inflation et leur niveau d'éducation influence la réactivité. L'existence d'une taille optimale du comité a aussi été confirmé. Finalement, la récente réforme du système de prise de décision au sein de la BCE a été évaluée et critiquée ainsi qu'une proposition alternative correspondante au critères proposés a été spécifiée.
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Elizondo, Carlos. "Property rights in Mexico : government and business after the 1982 bank nationalization". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334963.
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Harahap, Sofyan Syafri. "The Central Bank and commercial bank control relationships in Indonesia : a field based case study /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh254.pdf.
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Bartolini, Claudio. "Regional Structure and Stratigraphy of Sierra El Aliso, Central Sonora, Mexico". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244082.
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Assemblages of Paleozoic age and less significant Triassic and possibly Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanic rocks constitute the Sierra El Aliso, 186 km east-southeast of Hermosillo, Sonora. The Paleozoic section consists of approximately 2000 m of allochthonous Ordovician to Permian pelagic and hemipelagic deposits that accumulated in continental slope, continental rise and ocean floor (?) environments. The lower Paleozoic is characterized by graptolitic black shale and radiolarian chert, quartzite, argillite and local limestone. The upper Paleozoic is predominantly turbidite carbonates rich in benthonic foraminifera, and conodont faunas, subordinate bedded chert, siltstone, sandstone and chert-clast conglomerate. After Early Permian time, but prior to the deposition of the Late Triassic Barranca Group the Paleozoic section was imbricated along south-southeast vergent thrust faults. The Triassic rocks unconformably overlie the Paleo-zoic strata and all thrust faults. The Triassic and older rocks are overlain by the Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanics.
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Mihok, Lorena Diane. "Cognitive dissonance in early Colonial pictorial manuscripts from Central Mexico". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001352.
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Webster, Monica. "Prehistoric diet and human adaptation in west central Chihuahua, Mexico". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65061.pdf.
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Ricketts, Darlene Margaret. "Winds of change : temporal farming in west central Chihuahua, Mexico". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3804.
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The archaeological record indicates that there are differences in Viejo period (A.D. 700 or 900-1200/1250) and Medio period (A.D. 1200/1250-1400s) agricultural strategies and settlement distribution between the Casas Grandes River basin in northern Chihuahua and the Babícora Basin and upper Santa María River basin area in west central Chihuahua. During the Viejo period in the Casas Grandes region temporal, rainfed, agriculture is proposed and only a few settlements are associated with this system. In the Medio period irrigation and trincheras (stone terraces) were implemented increasing the land’s ability to support large populations and numerous settlements were aggregated around fields associated with these methods. For the latter two regions temporal agriculture is posited for both the Viejo and Medio periods. While populations thrived, the numerous settlements in each area are not aggregated but rather are dispersed across the landscape and on various topographic features. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate environmental and cultural influences as explanatory factors for the regional differences. Current environmental data indicate that the combinations of annual precipitation, soil types, and hydrology determine whether temporal or irrigation agriculture is possible. Temporal agriculture is not a viable option for the Casas Grandes region but irrigation is. The conditions in the Babícora Basin and the upper Santa María River basin are conducive to temporal farming while water for irrigation is not easily attainable. In that paleoenvironmental data demonstrate the antiquity of current environments then the agricultural options would have been similar in the past. Together, the archaeological and ethnographic data demonstrate the longevity of temporal agriculture in these areas. How temporal agriculture can be achieved and sustained is demonstrated in the tradition-based practices of modern farmers. The agency of modern farmers can be used as an analogy for agency in the past. When tested against the archaeological record the postulated temporal system and associated settlement patterns are indicative of a domesticated landscape structured for planting flexibility.
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Miéville, Jemima. "Medical pluralism in central Mexico in the early colonial period". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/medical-pluralism-in-central-mexico-in-the-early-colonial-period(1c927294-7fa1-46c9-a1c0-9ce4ef1606ff).html.
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This thesis evaluates medical pluralism in central Mexico during the early colonial period, surveying the medical landscape to recognise spaces for and evidence of, medical assimilation and exchange between Spanish, Indian and Black populations. Recognising that medicine during this period was a combination of science, religion and superstition, it explores the dynamic between licensed and unlicensed medicine, evaluating the ways in which they served and were served by mixed colonial populations. The domain of the curandero is re-evaluated in order to better understand what the role and status of such practitioners were, and what the term actually meant to colonial people. Surveying colonial medicine within the context of the attempted imposition of medical structures from mainland Spain, this study demonstrates the ways in which -despite the disenfranchisement of large sectors of colonial society - the huge diversity of personal and cultural preferences coupled with the profound significance attached to healthcare, saw all people, slaves included, able to exert agency in their own healthcare. In short this is an interpretive historical study of medicine in Mexico, combining archival evidence with a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, applied to understand the medical meeting of all colonial peoples, including Blacks, during the early colonial period, which has, to date, been underesearched.
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Endfield, Georgina Hope. "Social and environmental change in Colonial Michoacan, west central Mexico". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14616/.
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The fall out from the Quincentennial anniversary of the "discovery" of the Americas has yet to settle. One of the key issues still in need of address concerns the nature of the social and environmental change wrought by colonialism. Until recently, research in this field has been determined by a series of antiquated myths, largely creations of Eurocentric Renaissance and Romantic philosophies. This study aims to provide a more objective insight into the degree of regional Colonial impact by focusing on an archival reconstruction of post-Conquest social and environmental change in the highlands ofMichoacan, west central Mexico. Archival evidence suggests that the Spanish encountered an already degraded landscape in this region, reflective of several centuries of pre-Hispanic settlement and exploitation. Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, little evidence emerges to suggest that there was an immediate and deleterious environmental impact following European contact, despite the introduction of livestock and plough technology to an area where they had hitherto been absent. Indeed, tangible evidence of ecological disturbance in the area does not emerge until the 18th century - a period recognised to have been one of population recovery and resource monopolisation. A detailed survey of litigation documents suggests that this period witnessed an acceleration in the number of indigenous claims for land reinstatement, concomitant with a marked increase in the number of references to infertile and degraded territory and apparent heightened concern over water sources. It is here argued that de-intensification of land use in the wake of indigenous depopulation and the imposition of conservative land use practices accounts for the negligible environmental impact in the early post-Conquest period. By the later 17th and 18th centuries, progressive climatic drying, population expansion, resource monopolisation and social inequality had combined to create a period of acute resource stress and landscape instability and consequent civil unrest. It was this untenable situation that was to play itself out in the Wars of Independence that characterised the first two decades of the 19th century.
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Corbett, Helen Elizabeth. "Petrogenesis of the Tusas Mountain Granite, north-central New Mexico". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343318854.
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Saacke, Peter. "Technical analysis, central bank interventions and exchange rate regimes". [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/69/diss.htm.
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McPhilemy, Samuel. "Financial stability and central bank power : a comparative perspective". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78999/.
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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of how the power of the United States Federal Reserve, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank has changed as a consequence of the reorientation of central banking towards financial stability since the global financial crisis. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including more than 30 interviews with central bankers and other public officials, the thesis demonstrates that to different extents, each of these organisations has exhibited a more authoritative relationship with its key interlocutors in recent years. The thesis attributes this variegated transformation to the policy entrepreneurship of transgovernmentally networked central bankers, who acted in concert with sympathetic executive politicians to operationalise new ‘macroprudential’ policy frameworks after the financial crisis. Central bankers’ collective policy entrepreneurship was guided by shared normative beliefs about their appropriate role in respect of financial stability, but their embrace of macroprudential ideas was far from uniform. Central bankers in each jurisdiction pursued subtly different policy objectives within idiosyncratic political, cultural and institutional terrains, leading to distinctive local varieties of reform. The thesis argues that central banks’ heightened authority since the financial crisis has been underpinned by an increase in their structural power, which owed to the heightened reliance of politicians and financial market actors on central banks’ unique ability to create new base money. It also demonstrates how transformations in central banks’ authority and structural power feed into their overall capacity to achieve their financial stability objectives. The thesis argues that in the post-crisis regulatory framework, central banks are at risk of underdelivering on their mandates. A bias towards inaction in the face of uncertainty and insufficient willingness to break with pre-crisis economic tropes threaten to undermine central banks’ efforts to maintain financial stability over the medium term.
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Kearns, Jonathan. "Nominal exchange rates, commodity prices and central bank policy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8172.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2002.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three independent chapters on nominal exchange rates. The first chapter adds to the forward bias puzzle by noting that while the exchange rate of a small commodity-exporting economy can be closely tied to commodity prices, a portfolio of commodity futures exhibits little if any bias. This is demonstrated for Australia. Using a dependent economy model in which the exchange rate is a function of export prices, three potential explanations for the bias of exchange rate futures, but not commodity futures, are considered. Peso problems do not seem capable of explaining the puzzle. Monetary policy could explain some of the bias, though unlikely the full extent. Systematic expectation errors about the monetary process, while requiring strong assumptions, receive some empirical support from the behaviour of the exchange rate. The second chapter attempts to resolve the endogeneity of exchange rates and central bank intervention. Using a change in Reserve Bank of Australia intervention policy for identification, simulated GMM is used to estimate a model that includes the contemporaneous impact of intervention. Intervention is found to have an economically significant contemporaneous effect. A $US100m purchase of the domestic currency will appreciate the exchange rate by 1.35 to 1.81 per cent. Further, intervention is found to have the majority of its impact during the day in which it is conducted, with a smaller effect on subsequent days. Australian central bank intervention policy is confirmed to be characterised by leaning against the wind.
(cont.) The third chapter estimates the dependent economy model outlined in Chapter 1 for the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand dollars. The model provides a good representation of the exchange rates for all three countries up to 1995. In out-of-sample projections the Australian and Canadian models outperform a random walk. The New Zealand model breaks down during the Asian crisis. Commodity futures are used to construct forecasts of the Australian dollar, which at horizons of around one year are more accurate than no-change forecasts.
by Jonathan Kearns.
Ph.D.
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Staker, Shawn W. "A dynamic term structure model of Central Bank policy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53304.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).
This thesis investigates the implications of explicitly modeling the monetary policy of the Central Bank within a Dynamic Term Structure Model (DTSM). We follow Piazzesi (2005) and implement monetary policy by including the Fed target rate as a state variable. The discontinuous target dynamics are accurately modeled via a non-linear switching process, while still maintaining affine requirements under the pricing measure ensuring tractability. To ensure a flexible risk specification we turn to the parametrization of Cheridito et al (2007), with extensions to the target jump process. Model parameters are estimated via a simulated maximum likelihood estimation scheme with importance sampling. A Bayesian particle filter is used as a robustness check, and it's use for static parameter estimation in a DTSM framework is explored. Our results support those in Piazzesi (2005), revealing a substantial improvement in pricing errors especially on the short end of the yield curve. The model construction provides a natural framework to inspect monetary policy information embedded in yields, which is found to be substantial. We find the addition of the target rate greatly improves the model's ability to explain excess return. An ability which is increased with the inclusion of the full term structure of target rates, as measured from Fed future contracts. We postulate the improved performance is due to the target as a proxy for short term rates, and a conduit to express the information content of the term structure of target rates.
by Shawn W. Staker.
Ph.D.
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Vari, Miklos. "The impact of central bank policies on money markets". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E062.
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Cette thèse est une tentative de mieux comprendre l’impact des différentes mesures prises par les banques centrales depuis 2008, et en particulier en zone Euro. Elle se concentre sur les effets des différents politiques non-conventionnelles sur le marché monétaire. Le chapitre 1 montre comment la fragmentation du marché interbancaire perturbe la transmission de la politique monétaire. Le phénomène de fragmentation est introduit dans un modèle standard de marché interbancaire. On voit alors que de la liquidité excédentaire apparaît de façon endogène dans le modèle. Cela conduit les taux d’intérêt à court terme à s’éloigner du taux de la banque centrale. Le modèle est utilisé pour analyser les politiques conventionnelles et non conventionnelles de l’Eurosystème. Le chapitre 2 explique comment le programme d’achat de titres souverains de l’Eurosystème (le PSPP) a poussé certains taux du marché monétaire en dessous du taux de la facilité de dépôt de l’Eurosystème, qui est pourtant sensé être un plancher. Le chapitre explore empiriquement les interactions entre le PSPP et les taux d’intérêts collatéralisés. Le chapitre 3 montre comment des régulations très proches de celles de Bâle III étaient utilisées par les banques centrales dans les trois décennies qui ont suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale. A l’époque ces régulations étaient utilisées pour stabiliser l’inflation et la production, un rôle qui serait aujourd’hui typiquement attribué à la politique monétaire (et non à la régulation bancaire). Les expériences historiques que nous décrivons montrent clairement que la régulation de la liquidité a des effets restrictifs sur l’activitéThe first chapter shows how interbank market fragmentation disrupts the transmission of monetary policy. Fragmentation is the fact that banks, depending on their country of location,have different probabilities of default on their interbank borrowings. Once fragmentation is introduced into standard theoretical models of monetary policy implementation, excess liquidity arises endogenously. This leads short-term interest rates to depart from the central bank policy rates. Using data on cross-border financial flows and monetary policy operations,it is shown that this mechanism has been at work in the Euro-Area since 2008. The model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures. The second chapter shows how the Euro area money market rates have been standing below the deposit facility rate since 2015, which financial markets perceive as a byproduct of Eurosystem's public sector purchase program (PSPP). This paper explores empirically the interactions between the PSPP and short term secured money market rates (repo rates). We document different channels through which asset purchases may affect the various segments of the Euro area repo market. Using proprietary data from the PSPP and individual repo transactions made on the repo market for specific securities, our results show that the PSPP has contributed to push down repo rates. Purchasing 1% of a bond outstanding is associated with a decline in its repo rate of -0.75 bps
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Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon Thompson Henry L. "Recent portfolio investment and central bank policy in Thailand". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1504.
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From, Christensen Lene. "Centralbankers kommunikation : inflationsmålsætning og pengepolitisk gennemsigtighed = Central Bank communication /". Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2007. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/20011427.pdf.
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Akbar, Omar. "3D Seismic Interpretation of Turbidite-Sands from the Gulf of Mexico". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/286.
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This thesis interprets and maps some key stratigraphic and structural elements of Garden Bank (GB) Block 191 applying both geological and geophysical techniques. The area is located in the Gulf of Mexico 160 miles southwest of Lafayette. Threedimensional seismic data and some well logs were integrated and analyzed to construct a reasonable geological subsurface image. GeoFrame software from Schlumberger was used in this research. A spatial attention was given to salt diapers. Their influence on sand accumulations and hydrocarbon traps were investigated. Two Pleistocene sands accumulations (4500-ft & 8500-ft) were examine thoroughly in this research. Time and amplitude maps were produced. In addition, a wave-theoretical model that describes salt tectonic activities within the area was reconstructed in order to understand the influence of these dynamical forces on the overlaying strata.
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Beblavý, Miroslav. "Constrained discretion : monetary policy frameworks, central bank independence and inflation in Central Europe, 1993-2001". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14194.
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The thesis has two overarching objectives. One is to understand monetary policy in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia during 1990s and early 2000s; the other to use these findings to shed light on monetary policy in less developed, but highly open and financially integrated market economies. In order to achieve its aims, it analyses specific factors with significant influence on the conduct or outcomes of monetary policy in these countries; it analyses the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Central Europe, based on a technique called vector autoregression; and examines use of principal types of constraints on policy discretion, such as central bank independence, exchange rate commitments and domestic targets for monetary policy, in countries of the sample. The thesis finds that strong internal and external pressures, together with frequent bouts of fiscal irresponsibility and sizeable additive and parametric uncertainty regarding the working of the economy, led, in all four countries, to pronounced macroeconomic vulnerability and a need for periodic adjustment to dangerous fiscal and external imbalances. Reaction of policy-makers in countries of the sample to this environment can be characterized as discretion constrained by a strong nominal anchor and real exchange rate considerations. Experience of Central European countries shows that various elements of a commitment by monetary authorities are not duplicatory or contradictory, but interdependent in contributing to the goal of constraining discretion. During the period studied, the two key overall developments in policy were the gradual shift of emphasis from exchange rate targets to domestic targets and (within domestic targets) a shift from monetary targets to inflation targets. This approach has been largely successful.
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Johnson, Emily Renee. "Volatiles in basaltic magmas from central Mexico : from subduction to eruption /". Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8331.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-167). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.