Tesis sobre el tema "Cellules en cycle"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Cellules en cycle".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Girard, Franck. "Régulation du cycle cellulaire des cellules somatiques mammifères : rôle de de la cycline A en phase S : importance de la compartimentation dans l'activation du MPF à la transition G2/M". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T027.
Texto completoPAOLETTI, JOLY ANNE. "Etude du cycle de duplication du centrosome dans les cellules animales". Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112456.
Texto completoLapillonne, Hélène. "Le contrôle de la phase G1 du cycle cellulaire dans les cellules souches embryonnaires de souris". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T129.
Texto completoVoisin, Benjamin. "Impact of the hair follicle cycle on Langerhans cell homeostasis". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ118.
Texto completoThe hair follicle (HF) is a skin appendage endowed with a dynamic regenerating cycle. This renewal remodels the HF microenvironment. Langerhans cells (LCs) are epidermal immune sentinels, a part of which localizes close to the HF. This spatial association led us to explore whether the HF cycle could impact on LC homeostasis. During my doctorate, we uncovered an anagen (HF growing phase)-associated burst of LC proliferation with dividing cells associated with the HF. Using mouse models of HF loss and hair cycle manipulation, we showed that HFs are dispensable for initial formation of the LC network but critical for the proliferation burst. We correlated it to a cyclic variation of IL-34 expression, a crucial cytokine for LC homeostasis, by a specific subset of HF cells. In addition, catagen (HF regression phase) is characterized by the departure of LCs to draining lymph nodes and the concomitant recruitment of a potential LC precursor.The skin structure as well as the density and type of HFs vary across body areas. This observation led us to assess the possibility of local variations in skin immune cells composition. Our study, focused on cutaneous dendritic cells, highlighted an heterogeneity in those cells according to the skin area considered
Bessard, Anne. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la cascade de signalisation des MAPKinases contrôlant la motilité et la prolifération des cellules hépatiques normales et transformées". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S035.
Texto completoVeiga, Fernandez Henrique. "Caractérisation des propriétés des cellules T CD8 mémoires". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N127.
Texto completoWe showed that on a per cell basis memory T cells are more efficient in dealing with the antigenin vivo than their counter partners, the naive T cells. This different capacity is due to qualitative differences of memory T cells related to division and differentiation into effector functions. Compared to na^ive T cells, memory cells divide after a shorter lag time, have an increased division rate and a lower loss rate. Altogether, these parameters justify the efficient expansion of memory T cells upon in vivo stimulation. To assess the mechanisms underlying these unusual proliferative capacities, we studied the cell cycle arrest and progression of nai͏̈ve and memory T cells ex vivo. Despite the high levels of D cyclins and CDKs, memory T cells
Brauner, Nadia. "Ordonnancement dans des cellules robotisées". Grenoble 1, 1999. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00628917.
Texto completoSobolewski, Cyril. "Effets d'inhibiteurs de la cyclooxygénase-2 sur la prolifération et la survie de cellules cancéreuses hématopoïétiques". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10102/document.
Texto completoCyclooxygenases (COXs) are a family of enzymes, which catalyze the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin biosynthesis. COX-2 is the inducible isoform, upregulated during inflammation and overexpressed in various cancers. There are evidences of a role for COX-2 in cell proliferation and apoptosis especially in solid tumors, whereas little is known for cancers of hematopoietic origin. In our study, we analyzed the effect of COX-2 inhibitors (nimesulide, NS-398 and celecoxib) on cell proliferation and apoptosis of a panel of leukemic and lymphoblastic cell lines, Hel, Jurkat, K562, K562, Raji and U937. We found that the different inhibitors slow down cell proliferation in the different hematologic cell lines tested. U937 cells appeared as the most sensitive, whereas K562 were the most resistant to this effect. We provide evidence that this modulation corresponds to an accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 paralleled by an early downregulation of c-Myc and the expression of cell type-specific differentiation markers in U937 (CD15) and Hel (CD41a and CD61). In the second part of our study, we investigate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents in our cell models. We demonstrated that COX-2 inhibitors strongly prevent apoptosis induced by a panel of chemotherapeutic agents. We demonstrated an early prevention of apoptotic signaling, prior to Bax/Bak activation. The preventive effect is associated with an impairment of the ability of chemotherapeutic agents to trigger their apoptogenic stress. Altogether, our results demonstrate an anti-apoptotic effect of COX-2 inhibitors on intrinsic vs. extrinsic apoptosis at early steps of apoptosis commitment. These results suggest cautions in the use of COX-2 inhibitors with chemotherapy. In the third part of our project, we investigated the combination of COX-2 inhibitors with curcumin, a natural product known for its anti-tumor properties. Our findings show that curcumin alone leads to an accumulation of U937 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, followed by an induction of apoptosis. However, the pretreatment of U937 cells with celecoxib at non-apoptogenic concentrations, counteracted curcumin-induced apoptosis, thus showing that this combination is not a good anti-cancer strategy in our cell models. The chronic use of COX-2 inhibitors can be associated with severe side effects due to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. In the last part of our project, we demonstrated that 2,5 dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), a structurally analogue of celecoxib, which is not able to inhibit COX-2 activity, induces an inhibition of cell proliferation and an induction of apoptosis in U937 and K562 cells. These effects are stronger than those observed with celecoxib. Thus, this compound demonstrated better anti-tumor properties and may represent a promising therapeutic approach against leukemia. Altogether, our study supports the idea that COX-2 inhibitors display anti-tumor effects in our cell models, but only when administrated alone. The effects observed with DMC suggest that this compound may represent an alternative approach to COX-2 inhibitors in cancer therapy
Bedessem, Baptiste. "Contributions à l'étude de la réponse moléculaire à l'hypoxie : Modélisation mathématique et expérimentations sur cellules FUCCI". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS024/document.
Texto completoThe biological effects of hypoxia are intensively studied today, mainly because of the crucial role played by oxygenation conditions during the development of cancers.For several years, a huge literature aims at describing the multiple aspects of the molecular, cellular and physiological responses to hypoxia. The complexity of the pathways which are involved and the diversity of their cellular effects make this task difficult.This situation is reflected in the plurality of the methods used, from the numerical simulations to the experimental approaches.In this thesis, I studied this subject using two tools: mathematical modeling and experimental approaches using HeLa-FUCCI cells.This recently developed cell line is an interesting tool not yetmuch exploited. By a genetic construction linking cell cycle proteins to a fluorophore, it makes possible the study of cell cycle dynamics using fluorescent microscopy.We could analyze various aspects of the cellular response to hypoxia, in a tumoral context. In a first time,we tried to mathematically characterize the links existing between cell cycle and the hypoxia pathways,driven by HiF-1.This model proposed a simple explanation to the cell cycle arrest notably observed in the tumor cells in hypoxicconditions.We then showed that the induction of chemoresistances could be considered as an entry into quiescence of tumor cells.In order to validate these observations we then tried to experimentally quantify the dynamics of cell proliferation using HeLa-FUCCI cells. As it appeared that the fluorophores were sensitive tothe lack of oxygen, we tested different molecules currently used to induceHiF-1 and mimic hypoxia (DFO and COCl2).From this study have emerged original results about the dynamics of cell cyclearrest of HeLa cells in presence of iron-chelators.If hypoxic conditions are not favorable to the use of HeLa-FUCCI cells, we could show that they were totally adapted to the study of cell cycle dynamics during reoxygenation.Interestingly, we then could observe a significant slowing down of the S-phase after the return to normoxia. In order to bring theoretical elements to this observation, we proposed a mathematical model of the dynamics of HiF-1 regulation in fluctuating oxygen conditions, based on thepVHL/HiF-1 couple, in the frame of a nucleo-cytoplasmic compartmentalization of HiF-1.This simple model well reproduce the main characteristics of the cell response to hypoxia.Besides, by simulating the consequences of a sudden reoxygenation, we observed the genesis of strong instabilities of HiF-1 intracellular level.Finally, we propose an experimental study of HiF-1 compartmentalization.Indeed, the FUCCI cells allow to simultaneously observe cell cycle progression (using fluorescent microscopy),and HiF-1 intra-cellular localization (with immunomarkage). We then could show that the variability of HiF-1 localization was not due to the progression into the cell cycle. Then, it is certainly linked to inter-cellular genetic differences, or to a stochasticity of HiF-1 regulation
Tabet-Helal, Sana Zouleykha. "Impacts moléculaire et cellulaire de mutations de la partie N-terminale de la stathmine". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0010/document.
Texto completoMicrotubules (MTs) are major constituents of the cytoskeleton and are involved in many cellular processes such as the determination of cell architecture, the formation of the mitotic spindle and intracellular trafficking. These tubular structures, composed by tubulin α/β heterodimers assemble and disassemble with a finely regulated dynamics.Stathmin is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that sequesters tubulin in a non polymerizable complex consisting of two tubulin heterodimers per stathmin molecule (T2S complex).The other stathmin family proteins (SCG10, SCLIP, RB3 and its two splice variants RB3 'and RB3 ") can also bind two tubulin heterodimers through their SLD (Stathmin Like Domain), but the different tubulin/SLD complexes display varying stabilities.Based on these observations, current works showed that one chimera protein consisting of the N-terminal domain of stathmin (NS) and of the C-terminal domain of RB3 (CR) forms a T2-SLD complex remarkably stable with tubulin (NS-CR chimera). Molecular simulation experiments in silico suggest that we can increase the affinity of the NS-CR chimera by introducing mutations in the NS subdomain (Jourdain et al., 2004).In parallel to this work, Clement and colleagues found that short peptides derived from the N-terminal region of SLD alone can inhibit tubulin polymerization. Among the N-terminal part of SLD, the most effective peptide is the peptide I19L (IQVKELEKRASGQAFELIL) derived from stathmin. It corresponds to region folded into a "β-hairpin" structure observed in the T2S crystals (Clement et al., 2005). To increase the efficiency of this interaction, different mutations were introduced at the level of the I19L peptide from the stathmin N-terminal domain and tested in vitro. The results showed that the peptides I19L-K4R and I19L-K4R-A10R are the most effective to in inhibit the assembly of MTs.In this work, we introduce these mutations in the N-terminal domains of stathmin and in the NS-CR chimera with the aim of analyzing their efficiencies on MTs disassembly in cancer cell cultures like HeLa, and the impact of the mutation on MTs dynamic and cell cycle.Results from overexpression experiments of WT and stathmin mutant 2 containing the double mutation (K9R-A15R similar to the mutations K4R-A10R for the I19L peptide), suggest that this mutant significantly induces depolymerization of mitotic MTs. In its less phosphorylated state on serine 16; this mutation also reduces MTs dynamics and induces cytotoxicity.We thus suggest that we can ameliorate the binding and efficiency of the N-terminal stathmin part by including this double mutation. This variation has an impact in vitro and in some cellular aspects such as cell proliferation and MTs dynamics. These findings may lead to a targeted therapy for this type of cancer
Dompierre, Jim. "Implication du complexe moteur dynéine cytoplasmique/dynactine dans l'orientation du fuseau de division dans les cellules épithéliales polarisées". Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05S002.
Texto completoMitotic spindle positioning within the cell determines the site of the cell cleavage and is an important process during organism development and maintenance of tissue integrity. In epithelial cells, the division plane is not random and must be parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the epithelium. If the division plane is parallel to the epithelium, one of the two daughter cells is lost from the epithelial sheet. If the division plane is perpendicular to the cell monolayer, both cells remain within the epithelium and contribute to its bidimensional growth and development. Since the division plane is perpendicular to the axis of the mitotic spindle, a spindle orientation mechanism seems necessary to preserv the epithelium integrity. Such a mechanism has been described in mitotic polarized MDCK cells : the mitotic spindle orients in metaphase parallel to the cell monolayer. In mitosis a subpopulation of microtubules (MTs), called astral MTs, emanates from the spindle poles toward the cell periphery. We have ghown that cytoplasmic dynein, a molecular retrograde motor, localizes along astral MTs and on cortical spots into which many astral MTs dock, in mitotic MDCK cells. . .
Zgheib, Racha. "Les mécanismes moléculaires de la méthionine dépendance des cellules souches cancéreuses". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0342/document.
Texto completoSome cancer cells are methionine dependent however little is known about the mechanisms of this dependency. Tumor initiating cells are a rare population of cancer cells, implicated in disease recurrence, that phenocopy cancer stem cells and form 3D spheroids or ‘tumor spheres (TS)» under non adherent conditions. We show that, unlike U251 adherent monolayer cells, TS derived from U251 glioblastoma cells need exogenous methionine to grow. This methionine dependency is characterized by a bell shape curve in which high methionine concentrations (>0.01mM) slow down TS growth. During methionine restriction, 5- methyltetrahydrofolate restores TS formation. When TS are deprived from methionine for 24h, then supplemented with folic acid, they exhibit lower levels of folate isoforms than adherent cells maintained in the same conditions, suggesting that folate cycle is repressed in TS relative to adherent cells. Functional annotation of the RNA-seq data shows clear changes in several molecular functions and reveals in TS a reduced cell cycle, an increased stemness and a diminished folate metabolism affecting particularly DHFR, SHMT and MTFHD. Methylome analysis shows methylation changes in cell cycle, stemness and folate cycle, despite global DNA methylation patterns remaining stable. However, unlike the important promoter methylation observed for cell cycle and stemness genes (+25%), only 10 folate cycle genes out of 139 genes involved in one-carbon metabolism are significantly altered. In conclusion, reduced folate cycle is part of the metabolic reprogramming triggering dedifferenciation into cancer stem cells and this repression is only partly explained by the alteration of promoter methylation
Jeanblanc, Michaël. "Etude du rôle de l'ICBP90 dans le cycle cellulaire". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13124.
Texto completoCarlisi, Didier. "Etudes des mécanismes moléculaires régulant l'effet antimitogène du "Nerve Growth Factor" sur les cellules PC12". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSL0150.
Texto completoGuez, Fanny. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans le cycle cellulaire des cellules β pancréatiques humaines". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T094.
Texto completoDiabetes is a disease that affects 347 million people worldwide (90% with type 2 diabetes) (WHO, September 2012). It is defined by a disturbance in the regulation of glucose homeostasis with a deficit in function of pancreatic beta cells. In type 1 diabetes, this deficit is caused by autoimmune destruction. In type 2 diabetes, it is due to peripheral insulin resistance leading to a depletion of beta cells that can no longer maintain their function. A strategy to restore a functional beta cell mass is, or of inducing proliferation of these cells in vitro prior to transplant, or to induce proliferation in vivo. However, this implies a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the cell cycle of human pancreatic beta cells. The aim of my thesis was to dissect these mechanisms. For this, we have a unique laboratory tool, two lines of human pancreatic beta cells. In one of them, immortalizing transgenes may be deleted. Then, the cells stop to proliferate giving pseudo- primary beta-cells. By comparing the expression of cell cycle regulators of the lineage of human beta cells immortalized pseudo- primary human beta- cells, we could show that the cycle of these cells was blocked in the G1 phase. The lack of several proteins responsible for cell cycle progression downstream of this phase has been confirmed in human islets. We also observed a decrease in the doubling time of human beta cells following treatment with GH and EPO. Following this treatment we also observe an activation of the transcription factor STAT5 known for its involvement in cell proliferation of rodent beta cells. Finally, we studied the effect that caused a nutrient supply on the function and proliferation of human beta cells. We have seen that the cells responded better to beta function with a doubling time shorter amount of cells in a nutrient enriched environment. In addition, under these conditions, autophagy, existing before the supply of nutrients and likely due to a lack of cellular energy, disappears. These results allow us to better understand the mechanisms controlling proliferation of human pancreatic ß and consider new diabetes therapies cells
Déry, Marie-Claude. "Régulation de l'apoptose dans les cellules endométriales durant le cycle oestral chez le rat /". Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/18214607R.pdf.
Texto completoDéry, Marie-Claude. "Régulation de l'apoptose dans les cellules endométriales durant le cycle oestral chez le rat". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4674/1/000111503.pdf.
Texto completoSakabedoyan, Caline. "La voie LIF/gp130/STAT3 régule le cycle cellulaire des cellules souches embryonnaires (ES) de souris". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0378.
Texto completoJacquet, Bernard. "Quantification des protéines AgNOR par cytométrie de flux et analyse de leur dynamique dans les cellules induites à proliférer". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE19010.
Texto completoAgNORS are nuclear proteins that interact specifically with silver salts. Numerous studies have shown that AgNORS are as large as the cell cycle time short. (. . . ) We have developed and validated a new approach to AgNORS quantitation based on flow cytometry. Moreover, we have studies the quantitative modifications of the three AgNORS proteins UBF1, Nucleolin and B23 in cells committed to proliferation after partial rat hepatectomy. Results show an increase in UBF1 quantity wich is correlated with an increase in transcriptional RNA Polymerase 1 activity followed by an increase in Nucleolin and B23 quantity. The ribogenesis activity that involves these proteins is thus confirmed as a driving force of the cell cycle progression
Louvet, Emilie. "Dynamique et compartimentation de la machinerie de maturation des ARN ribosomiques en cellules vivantes". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S025.
Texto completoThe functional organisation of the nucleus depends on machineries that are distributed in domains named nuclear bodies. To understand how this distribution is regulated we have chosen the nucleolus as example. We have focused our attention on traffic and compartmentation of the rRNA processing machinery during interphase and mitosis. To follow proteins in living cells we have used microscopy technologies such as: FRAP, videomicroscopy and tdFLIM-FRET. A reversible system capable of disconnecting the processing from the transcription machineries during interphase permitted us to show that the processing machinery can be disconnected from the transcription sites and accumulates in nuclear masses originating from the nucleolar granular component. We named these granular masses. This reversible process permitted us to study reformation of the nucleolus. In control cells and in an assay using permeabilized cells set up in the laboratory, we have shown that nucleolar reformation depends on ATP hydrolysis and that CK2 is involved in nucleolar compartmentation. At the exit of mitosis, we have shown that early and late processing machineries pass through the same PNB. The convergence of the machineries in a single site could be at the origin of PNB formation. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that Nop52 and B23 interact in the same PNB. For this reason, we propose that PNB are preassembly platforms for rRNA processing complexes
Aksoy, Irène. "Identification et caractérisation fonctionnelle des gènes cibles de la voie LIF/STAT3 impliqués dans le contrôle de l’autorenouvellement des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris". Lyon 1, 2008. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6nc5z9x.
Texto completoLIF activates the transcription factor STAT3, resulting in the maintenance of mouse pluripotent ES cells in the undifferentiated state by inhibiting mesodermal and endodermal differentiation. To unravel the mechanisms of LIF/STAT3-dependant pluripotency, we identified target genes of this pathway and characterize their role in the inhibition of differentiation. We identified 58 targets of STAT3. Functional analysis showed that 22 of them showed an increase of differentiated colonies in a self-renewal assay, and an elevation of early differentiation markers upon knockdown. Pim1 and Pim3 were shown to protect ES cells from differentiation induced by LIF starvation when overexpressed, demonstrating their role in the maintenance of pluripotency. The 22 STAT3 target genes analysed fell into two categories, one suppressing mesoderm and the other endoderm differentiation, as evidenced by the differential expression of mesoderm and endoderm markers after knockdown. Two genes, Klf4 and Klf5 were examined in more details. We demonstrated that knockdown of Klf4 induced ectopic expression of endodermal regulators and resulted in an increase of cells differentiating into extraembryonic and definitive endoderm. Whereas Klf5 knockdown induced expression of the panmesodermal regulator Brachyury and an increase of cells differentiating into mesoderm. Our work shows that the LIF/STAT3 pathway maintains the undifferentiated state of ES cells by activating the expression of target genes involved in the suppression of mesoderm or endoderm differentiation. And it highlights the central role played by Klf4 and Klf5 in self-renewal and commitment of mouse ES cells into mesoderm and endoderm
Piel, Matthieu. "Étude cinématique et fonctionnelle du centrosome des cellules de vertébré". Paris 6, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012067.
Texto completoLe, Bourhis Xuefen. "Mécanisme d'action du facteur de croissance épithélial et de son interaction avec le système stéroidien dans des lignées épithéliales mammaires tumorales humaines". Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22056.
Texto completoMalcles, Marie-Hélène. "Aspects de la régulation de la réplication des papillomavirus dans les cellules de mammifères". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20075.
Texto completoEl, yakoubi Warif Abdelhamid. "Rôle des répresseurs transcriptionnels Hes1/4 dans la maintenance des cellules souches rétiniennes chez Xenopus laevis". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743085.
Texto completoBarakat, AbdelHamid. "Régulation de MPF au cours du premier cycle méiotique de l'ovocyte d'étoile de mer". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20204.
Texto completoVan, Grunsven Leonardus Adrianus. "Régulation du cycle cellulaire dans les cellules PC12 : effet du NGF ou «Nerve Growth Factor»". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSL0025.
Texto completoHa, Thi Binh Minh. "Contributions à l'étude des méthodes de production de masse des cellules endothéliales cornéennes humaines". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET001T/document.
Texto completoCorneal endothelial engineering is becoming a more and more realistic solution to restore vision from corneal edema. This method focus to regenerate corneal endothelium by direct injection of corneal endothelial cells (ECs) into patient anterior chamber at the early stage of endothelial dystrophies, or by grafting a transparent biocompatible material covered by a monolayer of ECs. These two techniques require both in vitro isolation and amplification of ECs or endothelial-like cells. In this thesis, different strategies to obtain a high quantity of functional ECs for clinical application are explored: 1- Due to the limit proliferative capacity of EC, the first strategy consists to analyze mechanisms implicated EC cell cycle arrest and then to optimize protocol for native EC isolation or for cell proliferation activation ex vivo. This is summarized in three publications. The first publication describes the cell cycle regulation by comparing transcriptional expression of 112 genes in 6 biological models of EC with different proliferative profile: in vivo, postmortem, organ-culture, confluent primary culture, non confluent primary culture and immortalized cell line. , The key molecular actors identified using the combining microarray analysis and gene ontology methods are consistent with previous findings about oxidative DNA damage mechanism. The second publication characterizes EC differentiation process and its impact on EC proliferative capacity in old donor corneas. Analyses of differentiation/progenitor markers and of proliferative capacity underline the differentiation process of EC from the centre to the peripheral corneal endothelium. Thereby, an optimized culture protocol was developed, allowing the formation of high-density monolayer (> 2000 cells/mm2) with stable endothelial morphology. We proved the possibility to make profit from a majority of old-donor cornea grafts invalidated for penetrating graft In the third publication, the activation of endothelial cell cycle by electric pulses directly in corneal graft was characterized. We confirm the activation of endothelial cell cycle at different phases but also the damage of tissue during electroporation. 2- Second strategy consists of the amplification of ECs from potential EC progenitors. Using sphere forming culture and a new method to detect slow-cycling cells, we demonstrate the existence of "young" ECs population with higher proliferative capacity in corneal periphery. The isolation of ECs by sphere formation is one possible step for ECs selection in vitro. 3- The differentiation of embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells into corneal endothelial cells is the third approach considered by our laboratory. The manipulation of stem cells differentiation would be based on the molecular mechanisms implicated in the formation of corneal endothelium from periocular mesenchymal cells described in the first part of the bibliography. Finally, in order to validate the quality of endothelial cell mass obtained, we revisited recent methods for the evaluation of corneal endothelial identity (immunolocalisation of specific markers), for the measurement of pump activity of cell monolayer (Ussing chamber, perfusion chamber) or directly in deswelled cornea using the bioreactor patented by the BiiGC laboratory
Turcotte, Vanessa. "Synthèse, bioisostérisme et évaluation biologique de nouveaux dérivés N-Phényluréidobenzène sulfonates et N-Phényluréidobenzène sulfonamides anticancéreux bloquant le cycle cellulaire en phase S". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28991/28991.pdf.
Texto completoGallay, Nathalie. "Etude du rôle du microenvironnement médullaire sur la prolifération, le cycle cellulaire, l'apoptose et la migration des cellules de leucémies aiguës myéloïdes". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3302.
Texto completoAcute myeloblastic leukemia is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation within the bone marrow (BM) of malignant myeloid progenitors arrested in their maturation process. BM microenvironment is composed of stromal cells, endothelial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and is attended to play a role in leukemia cell survival and drug resistance. We studied interactions of leukemic cells with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), BM endothelial cells and ECM proteins (fibronectin). We showed that close contact with MSC protects leukemic cells from drug-induced apoptosis by promoting quiescence, with a role of α4 integrin in this process. We demonstrated that CD31 and CD38 are involved in the control of the retention or dissemination of leukemic cells. These results give new insights about the mechanisms of drug resistance induced by marrow microenvironment, and provide new therapeutic strategies consisting in disturbing interactions of leukemic cells with their supportive microenvironment
Sakr, Samer. "Régulation de la différenciation par le cycle cellulaire chez la cyanobactérie Anabaena PCC 7120". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22024.
Texto completoThe filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 is a model organism for studies on cell differentiation. This strain, under combined nitrogen starvation, can differentiate heterocysts, cells specialized in nitrogen fixation. Heterocysts are distributed according to a semi-regular pattern along each filament, representing 10% of all cells. Heterocysts provide fixed nitrogen to vegetative cells and receive from the latter carbohydrates. In this study, we investigated if the initiation of heterocyst differentiation may be coupled to a favourable position in cell cycle. Using multi-disciplinary approaches, we analysed key steps of the bacterial cell cycle such as DNA synthesis and cell division. Inhibition of cell division arrests the progression of cell cycle and suppresses heterocyst differentiation. Cell cycle could regulate the early steps of heterocyst differentiation independent of the 2-oxoglutarate signal, a trigger of heterocyst formation. The interaction between FtsZ, a protein known to initiate cell division, and HetN that plays an important role in the maintenance of the heterocyst pattern, may represent the molecular connection between cell cycle and heterocyst differentiation. A moderate overexpression of FtsZ favours heterocyst differentiation. Overexpression of HetN inhibits heterocyst differentiation probably by preventing FtsZ polymerisation. We propose that cells in a critical stage of the cell cycle are competent to initiate differentiation
Petitprez, Amélie. "Influence de l'exposition prolongée à l‘Irinotecan sur la biologie des cellules cancéreuses colorectales : implications thérapeutiques". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P607.
Texto completoColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Until recently, fluorouracil in combination with leucovorin was the only effective systemic treatment for CRC. During the last few years, four new treatments have been approved for advanced CRC including the topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitor irinotecan, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed monoclonal antibody cetuximab and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-directed monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. Unfortunetly their clinical activity is often limited by the development of resistance. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest a functional interaction between topo I and EGFR. Furthermore, topo I can regulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), a key regulator of cellular response to hypoxia, leading to VEGF production.We propose to study the EGFR-signaling pathway on the cellular response to cytotoxic agents with the topo I inhibitor irinotecan/SN-38 as model.Resistant cells were obtained by culturing HT-29 and HCT-116 cells in increasing concentrations of irinotecan. After obtaining, their drug resistance was 5 to 25 times increased compared to the parental cells. We first showed that the proliferation of the two resistant cell lines was slower than the sensitive ones. We were able to confirm it with different in vitro and in vivo experiment. It is interesting to notice that topo I expression was unchanged in our resistant cell lines. We then demonstrated that the resistant cells are less affected by the formation of DNA strand breaks (led by SN38) than the sensitive ones. Moreover, the EGFR expression is increased in the resistant cell lines. We also shown by western blot and ELISA that resistance development comes along with an increase of VEGF.Our data should provide important clues on the irinotecan acquired resistant cells and should help to set up new combinations for colorecal cancer treatment
Faradji, Floria. "Rôle de cycline G de Drosophila melanogaster dans la régulation de la croissance et du cycle cellulaires". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066416.
Texto completoAit, Ghezala Hayet. "La terminaison de la traduction et la régulation traductionnelle de l'activateur de la transcription ATF4 chez les mammifères". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066315.
Texto completoThe rate of protein synthesis is a major determinant of cell growth, proliferation through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. It is controlled by several signaling pathways involving protein kinases and phosphorylation cascades that target factors acting mainly in the initiation and elongation steps of the mRNA translation process. These signaling pathways, and in particular the protein kinase mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin), adjust the rate of protein synthesis to nutrient and energy availability and to various extracellular stimuli caused by hormones, growth factors or stress. We have shown that the depletion of the translation termination factor eRF3a in human cells induces a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the mTOR pathway in eukaryotes. This depletion induces in parallel an increase in the expression of numerous genes, especially genes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and genes under the control of ATF4, as REDD1 or TRIB3, known to be inhibitors of the mTOR pathway. These genes are usually expressed under stress conditions through the eIF2α pathway. We have shown that eRF3 depletion acts on the mTOR pathway through the REDD1 gene, independently of the eIF2α pathway. We have characterized a new mTOR regulation mechanism, which involves ATF4 induction
Voisset, Edwige. "Etude de l'implication des protéines fes et fer dans la signalisation des recepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase kit et FLT3". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22027.pdf.
Texto completoChassot, Anne-Amandine. "Régulation de la prolifération cellulaire au cours de la cicatrisation cutanée : rôle de p27KIP1, un inhibiteur des Kinases Dépendantes des Cyclines". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4076.
Texto completoSkin wound healing is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple cellular processes (migration, proliferation, differenciation. . . ) and cell types allowing the reconstruction of skin lesions. Many genetic or acquired defects can perturb the normal wound healing process, leading to skin pathologies like hypertrophic scars, keloïds or ulcers, in which fibroblasts are characterised by an abnormal proliferation. However, the molecular abnormalities at the origin of these pathologies are still unknown notably because the classical experimental systems do not allow a molecular approach of the process. To circumvent this hurdle, we have developed an original device that performs calibrated injuries and enables the detection of a wide range of molecular events activated during wound healing. Using this experimental system, we show that mechanical lesions performed within confluent human dermal fibroblasts provoke a synchronous cell cycle entry followed by a cell cycle exit after mitosis. We demonstrate that the mRNA of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor which plays a key role in negative control of cell proliferation, is transiently downregulated after injury. We identify Id3, a bHLH transcriptional repressor, as a candidate for p27 down regulation. Id3-siRNA reversed the injury–mediated p27 down-regulation and blocks the cell cycle progression, demonstrating that Id3 is involved in the transcriptional repression of p27 and that this early regulation is required for cell proliferation. When cells reach confluence, the cell cycle exit is preceded by pre-mitotic stabilization of p27 and association with cyclin A-Cdk1/2 and cyclin D1-Cdk4/6 (but not cyclin B1-Cdk1) complexes, and decreased pocket protein phosphorylation. Reduction of p27 by siRNA partially reverses this phenotype, supporting a role for p27 as a mediator of anti-proliferative cues occurring after the restriction point
Chauffert, Bruno. "Résistance multidrogue (MDR) et résistance dépendant de la confluence (CDR) dans les cellules cancéreuses coliques". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOMU02.
Texto completoDubrez-Daloz, Laurence. "Le rôle de l'apoptose dans la sensibilité de cellules leucémiques humaines aux inhibiteurs des topoisomérases". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU06.
Texto completoBaptist, Mireille. "Nouveaux aspects de la régulation du cycle de division des cellules épithéliales thyroïdiennes par l'AMP cyclique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212574.
Texto completoMazars, Philippe. "Contrôle de la prolifération des cellules épithéliales par le Transforming Growth Factor-bêta (TGF-bêta) : mécanismes moléculaires". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30105.
Texto completoGérus, Marie. "Caractérisation de facteurs requis pour la synthèse des ribosomes et étude des connexions entre synthèse des ribosomes et cycle cellulaire chez les Eucaryotes". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1180/.
Texto completoRibosome biogenesis in eukaryotic cells begins with transcription of repeated units of ribosomal DNA by the RNA polymerase I generating the primary transcript precursor of matures rRNA 18S, 5. 8S and 25S. This transcript associates co-transcriptionally with some ribosomal proteins, the precursor of the fourth rRNA (5S) and a large number of assembly factors and small ribonucleoprotein particles to generate an early pre-ribosomal particle of 90S also called SSU processome. This particle undergoes a complex maturation process leading to production of the two matures ribosomal subunits to provide protein synthesis. Literature data suggest that in Eukaryotes ribosome biogenesis is coordinated with other essentials cellular processes, especially with cell cycle progression. During my thesis I have worked on three projects. The characterization of Rrp36p, a new essential factor for ribosome biogenesis in yeast and human cells. Study of the human protein HCA66, involved in centrosome duplication and in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our results show that HCA66 is also required for biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit in HeLa cells. The study of yeast Rpf2p protein, required for the synthesis of the large ribosomal subunit. Our results show that Rpf2p could be involved in mechanisms of chromatin modification in relation to the regulation of transcription
Ben-Sahra, Issam. "Métabolisme et cancer : cibler le métabolisme des cellules cancéreuses par des agents inducteurs du stress métabolique". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4042.
Texto completoTargeting cancer cell metabolism is a new promising strategy to fight cancer. Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic agent, which regulates glucose homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that metformin may reduce the risk of cancer, but its mode of action in cancer remained not elucidated. We investigated the effect of metformin on human prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Metformin inhibited the proliferation of DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP cancer cells with a 50% decrease of cell viability and had a modest effect on normal prostate epithelial cell line P69. Metformin did not induce apoptosis but blocked cell cycle in G0/G1. This blockade was accompanied by a strong decrease of cyclin D1 protein level, pRb phosphorylation and an increase in p27kip protein expression. Metformin activated the AMP kinase pathway, a fuel sensor signaling pathway. However, inhibition of the AMPK pathway using siRNA against the two catalytic subunits of AMPK did not prevent the antiproliferative effect of metformin in prostate cancer cells. Importantly, oral and intraperitoneal treatment with metformin led to a 50 and 35% reduction of tumor growth, respectively, in mice bearing xenografts of LNCaP. To enhance, metformin effect on cancer cell growth, we combined metformin and 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis, inhibited mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in prostate cancer cells leading to a severe depletion in ATP. The combination of the two drugs was much more harmful for cancer cells than the treatment with metformin or 2DG alone, leading to 96% inhibition of cell viability in LNCaP prostate cancer cells via a p53-dependent apoptosis process
Esnault, Catherine. "Pharmacologie cellulaire du ditercalinium, un agent antitumoral bis-intercalant de l'ADN : mécanisme d'action dans les cellules eucaryotes et caractérisation d'une lignée tumorale resistante". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066128.
Texto completoChopin, Valérie Françoise Julie Le Bourhis Xuefen. "Mécanismes d'action du butyrate sur la croissance des cellules cancéreuses de sein". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-179-180.pdf.
Texto completoMademtzoglou, Despoina. "Coordinating growth arrest and myogenesis in muscle stem cells : a molecular and cellular analysis". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066231/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the coordination of proliferation and differentiation in embryonic and adult myogenesis. During development, we demonstrated that skeletal muscle progenitors interact with the differentiating myoblasts via the Notch pathway to maintain their pool. It has previously been established that p57 and p21 redundantly promote cell cycle exit in developing muscle and we showed that Notch and Myogenic Regulatory Factors act through muscle-specific regulation of p57. We then examined p21 and p57 in adult skeletal muscle stem cells, called satellite cells (SCs). Although absent from quiescent SCs, p21 and p57 are expressed upon activation (including proliferating myoblasts) and differentiation. p21-null myoblasts exhibited proliferation and differentiation defects in myofiber cultures, implicating p21 at the early activation phase. In vivo muscle regeneration studies with p21 mutants showed an early impact on the SC pool, while SCs and muscle structure were re-established by the end of regeneration. Since p57-deficient mice die at birth, we generated a conditional knock-out (KO) allele for postnatal studies using the loxP/Cre recombination system. With a ubiquitous Cre we observed developmental and perinatal phenotypes similar to previously described KO embryos. The new p57 allele also includes a β-galactosidase reporter and we showed that it recapitulates p57 expression profile in embryonic and adult tissues. Conditional ablation of p57 in adult SCs reduced myogenic differentiation in primary myoblast culture. Our work suggests that p21 and p57 are involved in adult myogenesis and cell cycle exit, working at the early steps of satellite cell activation
Czarnecki, Antonny. "Régulation du courant potassique transitoire au cours du cycle cellulaire dans les cellules hypophysaires tumorales de rat". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28977.
Texto completoLamy, Aude. "Contribution à l'étude des altérations du cycle cellulaire au cours du cancer bronchique primitif et des lésions précancéreuses". Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES010.
Texto completoIt is important to characterize the molecular changes occurring in precancerous lesions and invasive lung cancer the leading cause of cancer's mortality in industrial nations. In the first part of this work we studied the timing of aberrant methylation of CDKN2A and hRARb2 in primary cultures of precancerous lesions. Aberrant methylation of the CDKN2A gene promoter was found in 19 % of preinvasive lesions: (1) its frequency increased with the histological grade of the lesions, (2) methylation was significantly more frequent in patients with a previous history of lung or ENT cancer but was not influenced by tobacco or asbestos exposure, (3) there was no relationship between CDKN2A hypermethylation and the evolutivity of the lesions. In contrast, aberrant methylation of hRARb2 was not an early event of lung carcinogenesis in our study. In a second part of this work we found an altered expression of Cyclins B1 and B2 in 15 % of non-small cell lung cancer
Damiens, Eve. "Activité antinéoplasique de la lactoferrine modulation de l'activité cytotoxique des cellules "natural killer" (nk) et régulation de la transition g1-s du cycle des cellules épithéliales cancéreuses mammaires et coliques". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-193.pdf.
Texto completoForand, Anne. "Caractérisation de la réponse des cellules germinales mâles néonatales à un stress génotoxique". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077123.
Texto completoThe fertility of an individual and the integrity of the genome of its progeny depend partly on the number and the quality of the germ cells, which are set up during foetal and neonatal life. We were particularly interested in the neonatal gonocytes, which are the precursors of the spermatogonia stem cells. We studied their short and long-term in vivo response to genotoxic stress (y-rays) by comparing it with that of neonatal spermatogonia. We showed that gonocytes are more sensitive to the induction of DMA double strand breaks (DSBs) than spermatogonia. After irradiation in phase S of their cell cycle, gonocytes are blocked in the following G1 phase whereas spermatogonia are blocked preferentially in G2/M. In addition, the repair of DSBs is faster in gonocytes than ir spermatogonia. Even if a dose of 2 Gy does not alter the fertility of the irradiated animals, it induces a significant reduction in sperm counts. This suggests an impairment of the spermatogonial stem pool due to a strong apoptosis of gonocytes after activation of the intrinsic pathway. We showed that PUMA is an essential regulator of this pathway in gonocytes. Irradiatior of spermatogonia with the same dose induces cellular death, however compensatory mechanisms probably related to the presence of more radio-resistant stem cells, are activated. Thus, in the adult, neither the testicular histology, nor the sperm counts were affected. Altogether, these date suggest the existence of particularly sensitive mechanisms in germ cells, permitting to direct these cells towards death in response to genotoxic stress, rather than to risk the transmission o-mutations resulting from DMA lesion misrepair
Baghdassarian, Nathalie. "Inhibition de la prolifération des cellules lymphoïdes par les glucocorticoïdes". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T117.
Texto completo