Tesis sobre el tema "Caterpillars"
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Turna, Michael T. "Extraction of a phagostimulant and classification of the feeding recognition template for larvae of the moth Malacosoma americanum". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
Buscar texto completoDeGomez, Tom. "Tent Caterpillars in Northern Arizona above 6000 Foot Elevations". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144786.
Texto completoThis publication provides information and describes tent caterpillars in Northern Arizona. The feeding habits, life cycle of scales and their management/control methods are described in detail here.
Khosravani, Masoud. "Searching for optimal caterpillars in general and bounded treewidth graphs". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8360.
Texto completoParnell, Robin Stewart. "Environmentally Induced Color Polymorphism in Caterpillars of Biston betulavia lognataria". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625731.
Texto completoHunter, M. "Interactions between phytophagous insects on the pendunculate oak". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233562.
Texto completoSilow, Carl Axel. "Edible and other insects of mid-western Zambia studies in ethno-entomology /". Uppsala : Institutionen för allmän och jämförande etnografi vid Uppsala universitet, 2021. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/2440377.html.
Texto completoEacock, A. "Extraocular photoreception and colour plasticity in caterpillars of the peppered moth, Biston betularia". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3022296/.
Texto completoLow, Petah Alexandra. "The ecology and behaviour of eucalypt-feeding caterpillars in response to predation risk". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15898.
Texto completoQueiroz, Maíra dos Santos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resistência de cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto e rasteiro a Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98739.
Texto completoEste trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resistência de cultivares de amendoim a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira avaliou-se a atratividade e a não-preferência alimentar, com e sem chance de escolha, de lagartas recém-eclodidas em folhas de sete cultivares de amendoim. Utilizaram-se cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) e IAC-Tatú-ST) e rasteiro (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, IAC Runner 886 e Cavalo Amarelo). No teste de atratividade utilizou-se um sistema de arena em placas de Petri com 20 cm de diâmetro e com dez repetições. Para cada repetição (arena) foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém- eclodidas de S. frugiperda, avaliando o número total de lagartas atraídas pelos discos foliares dos cultivares aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 60 minutos. Para a avaliação de não-preferência alimentar, no teste com chance de escolha, os procedimentos e os cultivares utilizados foram os mesmos adotados no teste de atratividade. No teste, sem chance de escolha, os cultivares foram individualizados em placas de Petri de 6,0 cm de diâmetro e seu interior foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém-eclodidas por repetição, com 10 repetições. Na avaliação, contou-se o número total de lagartas que estavam se alimentando nos discos foliares dos cultivares após 24 horas da liberação. Na segunda etapa foi realizado estudos da biologia de S. frugiperda em seis cultivares de amendoim. As lagartas recém-eclodidas foram alimentadas com folhas dos seguintes cultivares: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 e IAC 505 (hábitos de crescimento rasteiro), e Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST e IAC Tupã (de hábitos de crescimento ereto). Assim, 30 lagartas por cultivar, provenientes de ovos obtidos em laboratório, foram mantidas em placas de Petri...
This study aimed to study the resistance of peanut cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The study was divided into two parts: in the first we evaluated, in free-choice and no-choice tests, the attractiveness and non- preference for feeding of newly-hatched caterpillars on leaves of seven peanut cultivars. Peanut cultivars upright growth habit (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) and IAC-Tatú-ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and Cavalo Amarelo) were evaluated. An arena system was used in the attractiveness test, consisting of Petri dishes (20 cm diameter), with ten replicates. Twenty newly-hatched S. frugiperda caterpillars were released for each replicate (arena); counts were obtained for the total number of caterpillars attracted to the leaf discs of the various cultivars at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 60 minutes. In the free-choice test to evaluate non-preference for feeding, the same procedures and cultivars used in the attractiveness test were adopted. In the no- choice test the materials were individualized in Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter); twenty newly-hatched caterpillars per replicate were released into the dishes, with 10 replicates. The test was evaluated by counting the total number of caterpillars feeding on the leaf discs of the various cultivars 24 hours after release. In the second part of the investigation we conducted studies on the biology of S. frugiperda on six peanut cultivars. Newly-hatched caterpillars were fed leaves of the following peanut cultivars: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and IAC 505 (runner growth habit), Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST and IAC Tupã (upright growth habit). Thirty caterpillars per cultivar, resulting from eggs obtained in the laboratory, were maintained in individualized Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter and 2.0 cm in height) until pupation. The pupae were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Queiroz, Maíra dos Santos. "Avaliação da resistência de cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto e rasteiro a Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) /". Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98739.
Texto completoBanca: Marineide Rosa Vieira
Banca: Luciana Cláudia Toscano Maruyama
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resistência de cultivares de amendoim a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira avaliou-se a atratividade e a não-preferência alimentar, com e sem chance de escolha, de lagartas recém-eclodidas em folhas de sete cultivares de amendoim. Utilizaram-se cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) e IAC-Tatú-ST) e rasteiro (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, IAC Runner 886 e Cavalo Amarelo). No teste de atratividade utilizou-se um sistema de arena em placas de Petri com 20 cm de diâmetro e com dez repetições. Para cada repetição (arena) foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém- eclodidas de S. frugiperda, avaliando o número total de lagartas atraídas pelos discos foliares dos cultivares aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 60 minutos. Para a avaliação de não-preferência alimentar, no teste com chance de escolha, os procedimentos e os cultivares utilizados foram os mesmos adotados no teste de atratividade. No teste, sem chance de escolha, os cultivares foram individualizados em placas de Petri de 6,0 cm de diâmetro e seu interior foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém-eclodidas por repetição, com 10 repetições. Na avaliação, contou-se o número total de lagartas que estavam se alimentando nos discos foliares dos cultivares após 24 horas da liberação. Na segunda etapa foi realizado estudos da biologia de S. frugiperda em seis cultivares de amendoim. As lagartas recém-eclodidas foram alimentadas com folhas dos seguintes cultivares: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 e IAC 505 (hábitos de crescimento rasteiro), e Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST e IAC Tupã (de hábitos de crescimento ereto). Assim, 30 lagartas por cultivar, provenientes de ovos obtidos em laboratório, foram mantidas em placas de Petri... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to study the resistance of peanut cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The study was divided into two parts: in the first we evaluated, in free-choice and no-choice tests, the attractiveness and non- preference for feeding of newly-hatched caterpillars on leaves of seven peanut cultivars. Peanut cultivars upright growth habit (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) and IAC-Tatú-ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and Cavalo Amarelo) were evaluated. An arena system was used in the attractiveness test, consisting of Petri dishes (20 cm diameter), with ten replicates. Twenty newly-hatched S. frugiperda caterpillars were released for each replicate (arena); counts were obtained for the total number of caterpillars attracted to the leaf discs of the various cultivars at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 60 minutes. In the free-choice test to evaluate non-preference for feeding, the same procedures and cultivars used in the attractiveness test were adopted. In the no- choice test the materials were individualized in Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter); twenty newly-hatched caterpillars per replicate were released into the dishes, with 10 replicates. The test was evaluated by counting the total number of caterpillars feeding on the leaf discs of the various cultivars 24 hours after release. In the second part of the investigation we conducted studies on the biology of S. frugiperda on six peanut cultivars. Newly-hatched caterpillars were fed leaves of the following peanut cultivars: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and IAC 505 (runner growth habit), Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST and IAC Tupã (upright growth habit). Thirty caterpillars per cultivar, resulting from eggs obtained in the laboratory, were maintained in individualized Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter and 2.0 cm in height) until pupation. The pupae were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Dookie, Amanda. "Safe and Sound: Studies on the Function and Evolution of Defence Sounds in Bombycoidea Caterpillars". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35680.
Texto completoGodfrey, R. Keating, Ellen H. Yerger y Timothy J. Nuttle. "Opposing deer and caterpillar foraging preferences may prevent reductions in songbird prey biomass in historically overbrowsed forests". WILEY, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626545.
Texto completoWalker, Andrew Jonathan. "Influence of diet on nutrition, water regulation and tolerance to insecticides in Heliothis armigera (Hubner) caterpillars". Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252726.
Texto completoOki, Yumi. ""Interações entre larvas de Lepídoptera e as espécies de Malpighiaceae em dois fragmentos de Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-26042006-110331/.
Texto completoSpecies distribution and abundance are determined by several factors such as resource availability, genetics, weather and natural enemies. The present study focused on the relationships between Lepidoptera and Malpighiaceae species on two Cerrado fragments at São Paulo State. The following questions were addressed: 1) How similar is the caterpillar fauna among Malpighiaceae species?; 2) What are the plant characteristics influencing Lepidoptera diversity? 3) Are plant-Lepidoptera relationships kept on distinct fragments? Present data suggests that plants of different species of same genus have not, necessarily, the highest faunal similarity, e.g., the highest similarity among Byrsonima intermedia, Byrsonima coccolobifolia and Banisteriopsis pubipetala. No direct correlations were found among some plant characteristics such as nitrogen and tannin concentrations, trichome density and herbivory. However, Malpighiaceae defenses probably influenced herbivore diversity, because Lepidoptera species´ richness and abundance were related to these characteristics. Alkaloids and the specific fauna of Banisteriopsis stellaris support this suggestion. The caterpillar fauna similarity of 42,2% between fragments and some differences on nitrogen and tannin concentrations of same species from distinct fragments suggest that environmental factors affect, considerably, plant phenotype and plantherbivore interactions. Based on these results, some complementary studies were suggested to approach the complex relations between Lepidoptera and Malpighiaceae species.
Durand, Andrea. "Feedback interactions between forest tent caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria, and trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides, in central Alberta, Canada". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0006/MQ59799.pdf.
Texto completoKish, Karen Jeanine. "Saprophagous caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Herminiinae) effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki application in forest and laboratory settings /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3746.
Texto completoTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 40 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39).
Harden, Annette. "Caterpillars and Catalysts: A longitudinal Case Study of Writing Development in an Early Years Classroom Privileging Dramatic Pedagogies". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365344.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Grayson, Joy C. "Polymorphism in hawkmoth caterpillars : an ecological and biochemical study of crypsis in Smerinthus ocellata (L.) and Laothoe populi (L.)". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1986. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20203/.
Texto completoMoraes, Roberto Henrique Pinto. "Identificação dos inimigos naturais de Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) e possíveis fatores determinantes do aumento da sua população". Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-30122002-090738/.
Texto completoThe main purpose of this study was to identify the natural enemies of Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855, the caterpillar responsible for the hemorrhagic syndrome in human beings. From immatures of L. obliqua, collected in the field and reared in the laboratory, insects of the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera, and also viruses and nematodes, were obtained. Based on the knowledge of the localities where hemorrhagic accidents were registered, the insect habitats were recognized. Comparing biotic and abiotic characteristics of these localities, generally rural, ones with those of the end of the XIX century, when the municipalities were created, an attempt was made to discuss the main factors might have influencing the increase of the species population.
Levy, Foster, David L. Wagner y Elaine S. Walker. "Deidamia Inscriptum (lettered Sphinx Moth) Caterpillars Feeding on Oxydendrum Arboreum (sourwood) and Their Predation by Black Bears in Northeast Tennessee". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/710.
Texto completoSalvador, Mariana Closs [UNESP]. "Efeito de genótipos de soja e de flavonóides na biologia e no intestino médio de Anticarsia gemmatalis". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91380.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resultados de efeitos de compostos fenólicos incorporados em dietas artificiais têm sido contestados, principalmente pela presença de proteínas com alto valor nutritivo, como a caseína, que podem influenciar a atividade dos aleloquímicos. Genótipos de soja resistentes a insetos têm apresentado flavonóides em sua composição, tornando necessária a informação sobre a interação deste fenólico com dieta. Adicionalmente, avaliaram-se os efeitos de dietas artificiais, contendo diferentes concentrações de rutina (R) e genistina (G), e de genótipos de soja nos aspectos biológicos, assim como o modo de ação desses alimentos no intestino médio (IM) de A. gemmatalis. O efeito de rutina foi potencializado apenas quando as lagartas se alimentaram com dietas com 7g de caseína, ou seja, a metade da necessária para o desenvolvimento adequado do inseto. Dietas com as maiores concentrações de rutina (R2) e a mistura R1+G1 e folhas de PI 227687 e ‘IAC-100’ foram responsáveis pela maior mortalidade, redução dos pesos iniciais e de pupa, menor ganho de peso e crescimento. Estes tratamentos, principalmente R1+G1 e ‘IAC-100’ ainda provocaram maiores alterações morfológicas no IM da lagarta. Dietas e genótipos contendo apenas genistina não apresentaram acentuado efeito antinutricional no inseto e nem alterações morfológicas importantes. Assim sendo, estes resultados permitem concluir que a interação das substâncias R e G observadas em folhas de soja, como a ‘IAC-100’ e PI 227687, atua na proteção da planta ao ataque de A. gemmatalis, possivelmente por alterar as células colunares do IM.
Results regarding the effects of phenolics incorporated in artificial diets have been contested, mainly by the presence of high nutritive proteins as casein. This protein can cause deep influence in the alelochemical activity on herbivores. Resistant soybean genotypes have presented flavonoids, as rutin (R), in their chemical profile, turning necessary the information related to the interaction of such phenolic compound with the artificial diet. Additionally, effects of diets, with different concentration of R and genistin (G), and of soybean leaves on biological aspects, as well as, on the mode of action of them in A. gemmatalis midgut were evaluated. Rutin effect was only potentialized when larvae fed on diet with 7g of casein, i.e., half of amount necessary for an adequate insect development. Insects fed on artificial diet containing R2 (the highest rutin concentration) or R1+G1 (mixture of R and G), on PI 227687 and ‘IAC-100’ caused higher mortality, reduction in weighs of larvae (end of second instar) and pupae, also gained less weigh and presented lower growth compared to other diets. These treatments, mainly R1+G1 and ‘IAC-100’ also presented more morphologic alterations in the insect midgut. Diets and genotypes containing only genistin did not show accentuated antinutritional effect and presented less intense morphologic alterations in the insect midgut. Thus, these results allow suggesting that R and G, observed in leaves of soybean, as ‘IAC-100’ and PI 227687, interacts in the protection of the plant to A. gemmatalis attack, possibly by causing alterations in columnar cells of midgut.
Signoretti, André Gustavo Corrêa. "Indução de voláteis em plantas de milho por um hospedeiro, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e um não-hospedeiro, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) e seu efeito sobre esses insetos e seus respectivos parasitóides". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-14102008-102053/.
Texto completoPlants recognize and produce specific volatile substances that attract parasitoids after the herbivore attack, characterizing a process known as indirect defense. However, the ability of these plants in processing and releasing novel volatile compounds elicited by a non-host herbivore attack has been poorly explored. Regarding this, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of volatiles emitted by maize plants under the attack of a pest which is not a host so far, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella compared to those emitted by a common host, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda on the behavior response of these insects and their respective parasitoids Apanteles piceotrichosus e Campoletis flavicincta. The bioassays with the parasitoids were conducted during photophase and they were exposed to volatiles from undamaged maize, volatiles released at the time intervals 0-1, 5-6 and 24-25h after the treatment of mechanical damage or simulated herbivory during photophase, and volatiles released at the time interval 5-6h after these same treatments in scotophase. The bioassays with the moths were carried out in scotophase and they were exposed to volatiles from undamaged maize, volatiles released at the time interval 5-6h after the treatment of mechanical damage or simulated herbivory during photophase, and volatiles released at time intervals 0-1 and 24-25h after these same treatments in scotophase. Additionally, for P. xylostella volatiles from undamaged kale were tested while for A. piceotrichosus it was tested volatiles from undamaged kale, mechanically damaged and P. xylostella caterpillar damaged kale. C. flavicincta females were attracted to volatiles emitted by the maize plants at the interval 5-6h after the treatment with the S. frugiperda regurgitate in scotophase. Curiously, they were not attracted to volatiles released at the same time interval after the induction elicited by the regurgitate in the photophase. S. frugiperda mated females were attracted by volatiles from undamaged plants and volatiles released at time intervals 5-6 and 24- 25h after the mechanical damage or treated with the regurgitate of this herbivore. Nevertheless, they preferred the volatiles from undamaged maize to the plants treated with the regurgitate during photophase. These results demonstrated that these insects are able to distinguish among the volatile blends present in their natural habitat where it occurs the tritrophic relationship maize (host plant) S. frugiperda (herbivore) C. flavicincta (parasitoid). In the same way, in the relationship kale (host plant)- P. xylostella (herbivore) A. piceotrichosus (parasitoid), P. xylostella females were attracted by the volatiles of undamaged kale as well as the A. piceotrichosus females were attracted to volatiles emited by caterpillar-damaged kale. In the case of simulating a new relationship, maize (non-host plant) P. xylostella (herbivore) C. flavicincta (parasitoid), A. piceotrichosus females and P. xylostella were not able to respond to undamaged maize, mechanically damaged and mechanically damaged+ P. xylostella regurgitate. The determination of these mechanisms can be useful for a better understanding of the evolution context between plants and insects and for obtaining new advances in the management and biological pest control.
Salvador, Mariana Closs. "Efeito de genótipos de soja e de flavonóides na biologia e no intestino médio de Anticarsia gemmatalis /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91380.
Texto completoAbstract: Results regarding the effects of phenolics incorporated in artificial diets have been contested, mainly by the presence of high nutritive proteins as casein. This protein can cause deep influence in the alelochemical activity on herbivores. Resistant soybean genotypes have presented flavonoids, as rutin (R), in their chemical profile, turning necessary the information related to the interaction of such phenolic compound with the artificial diet. Additionally, effects of diets, with different concentration of R and genistin (G), and of soybean leaves on biological aspects, as well as, on the mode of action of them in A. gemmatalis midgut were evaluated. Rutin effect was only potentialized when larvae fed on diet with 7g of casein, i.e., half of amount necessary for an adequate insect development. Insects fed on artificial diet containing R2 (the highest rutin concentration) or R1+G1 (mixture of R and G), on PI 227687 and 'IAC-100' caused higher mortality, reduction in weighs of larvae (end of second instar) and pupae, also gained less weigh and presented lower growth compared to other diets. These treatments, mainly R1+G1 and 'IAC-100' also presented more morphologic alterations in the insect midgut. Diets and genotypes containing only genistin did not show accentuated antinutritional effect and presented less intense morphologic alterations in the insect midgut. Thus, these results allow suggesting that R and G, observed in leaves of soybean, as 'IAC-100' and PI 227687, interacts in the protection of the plant to A. gemmatalis attack, possibly by causing alterations in columnar cells of midgut.
Orientador: Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior
Coorientadora: Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo
Banca: André Luiz Lourenção
Banca: Antonio Carlos Busoli
Mestre
Mohan, Srinidi. "Functional role of recombinant cysteine protease on Spodoptera frugiperda peritrophic matrix". Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072006-150055.
Texto completoEastwood, Rodney Gordon y N/A. "Ant Association and Speciation in Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): Consequences of Novel Adaptations and Pleistocene Climate Changes". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071130.134932.
Texto completoSilva, Isadora Maria Villas Boas. "Caracterização biológica e imunoquímica da peçonha da lagarta de Premolis semirufa, agente etiológico da pararamose, doença ocupacional dos seringueiros da Amazônia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-07102013-090239/.
Texto completoThe contact with the Premolis semirufas caterpillar bristles (Pararama) causes symptoms of the acute inflammation and, in the individuals after multiple accidents, joint deformities common to chronic synovitis (pararamose) can occur. In the current study it was shown that caterpillar bristles extract has intense proteolytic activity, being able to activate the Complement System, induce cleavage of C3, C4 and C5, and the generation of anaphylatoxins. Chromatographic analysis of the extract allowed the isolation of a serine protease with Mr of 82 kDa able to promote such activities. In murine model, it was demonstrated that the extract is able to induce high antibody titers, a pronounced inflammatory reaction, activation of T lymphocytes and APCs, as well as the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. The data obtained demonstrate the existence, in the pararama bristles extract, of numerous enzymes that can act together in the generation and development of clinical manifestations of pararamose.
Eastwood, Rodney Gordon. "Ant Association and Speciation in Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): Consequences of Novel Adaptations and Pleistocene Climate Changes". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365668.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
Visentin, Ana Paula Vargas. "Efeitos de novaluron, glifosato e Metarhizium rileyi sobre o sistema imune, parâmetros biológicos e metabolismo redox de Anticarsia gemmatalis". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/4063.
Texto completoSorgatto, Rodrigo José. "Sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de Spodoptera frugiperda e Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em algodão Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 e Cry1Ac/Cry1F: Implicações para o Manejo da Resistência de Insetos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-23042013-160451/.
Texto completoSpodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) are important insect pests in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) due to damage on leaves and reproductive structures in the case of S. frugiperda. The events of Bt cotton expressing proteins Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 (Bollgard® II) and Cry1Ac/Cry1F (WideStrike(TM)) from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner are tools available to control these pest species. To develop an Insect Resistance Management (IRM), we performed laboratory studies to evaluate the survival and development of S. frugiperda and P. includens. In fresh leaf discs bioassays, the control efficacy of neonates in both Bt cotton events was greater than 80% mortality for S. frugiperda and 100% for P. includens. In fresh bracts bioassays to neonates of S. frugiperda, the control efficacy of both Bt cotton events was over 80%. The surviving larvae of S. frugiperda in Bt cotton showed severe growth inhibition (weight and instar) in leaves (> 75%) and bracts (> 44%). In simulations feed bioassays with larvae, which consisted of groups of larvae fed on Bt cotton at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after inoculation (DAI), S. frugiperda and P. includens showed that the susceptibility of species decreases with advancing larval development. For S. frugiperda, in all feed simulations with cotton Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 had caterpillars that reached pupae and adult stages. Moreover, when exposed to cotton Cry1Ac/Cry1F, only some caterpillars of 5th and 6th instars reached pupae and adult stages. For P. includens, only some caterpillars of 6th instar reached pupae and adult stages when fed with two events of Bt cotton. The biological parameters of S. frugiperda fed on cotton Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 were negatively affected with increasing duration of the larval stage (? 9 days), reduced larval viability (1,4%) and insects that completed the life cycle (0,9%), increased the generation time (? 9 days) and decreased the intrinsic rate of increase (? 83%). The events of cotton Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 and Cry1Ac/Cry1F are promising for the control of S. frugiperda and P. includens. However, the insecticidal activity of both events of Bt cotton in larvae of S. frugiperda and P. includens decreases through larval development and this finding should be considered in programs of MRI, especially in the spatial arrangement of the refuge.
Knowles, Tim C. "Alfalfa Caterpillar/Butterfly". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146690.
Texto completoThe first sign of a potential alfalfa caterpillar (Colias eurytheme) outbreak is the influx of large numbers of yellow or white butterflies in late spring or early summer. This publication discusses the biology of the alfalfa caterpillar, the damage it causes, the biological and cultural controls, and the treatments for it.
Magistrali, Iris Cristiane. "SURTO DE Nystalea nyseus (CRAMER, 1775) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), ASPECTOS DA BIOLOGIA E INIMIGOS NATURAIS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8704.
Texto completoThe growing demand for forest products has enabled the increase in areas planted to trees in Brazil. Eucalyptus is a fast growing tree species being cultivated on a large scale, however, with increasing of Eucalyptus sp. plantation, entomological problems tend to increase. The defoliating caterpillars represent an important group of insects that are harmful to forest plantations. Thus, this study aims at characterize an outbreak of the Nystalea nyseus (Cramer, 1775) species, as well as its biology aspects and natural enemies. This study was conducted in a seminal plantation of Eucalyptus saligna Smith in the city of São Sepé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To evaluate the outbreak, a sampling was carried out by using the transect method. Defoliating caterpillars were collected from different instars and pupae of this species and they were sent to the laboratory under conditions at 25°C ± 1°C, 80% relative humidity and 12- hour photophase. The biological aspects evaluated were: color and morphology of eggs, duration of pre-pupal and pupae stage, sex ratio and lifespan adults. A visual inspection of eucalyptus plantation was conducted to catch potential natural enemies. The results showed the presence of attack on all the stands. The eggs are greenish, and after 24 hours, became light red. They have an average length of 1.17 (± 0.387) mm and a width of 1.20 (± 0.229) mm, and as an average incubation period of six days. Pre-pupal stage lasted 3.53± 0.53 days and pupal stage lasted 14.02 (±1.23) and 15.12 (±1.08) days for females and males, respectively. The length (mm), width (mm) and weight (g) of pupae were higher for females, however, with no significant difference. The adult sex ratio was 0.62 females per male and lifespan was 7.63 days for females and 5.47 for males. The following predatory species were registered: Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851), Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret, 1863) and Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Dallas, 1851) all belonging to the Heteroptera order, Pentatomidae family. The present paper for this first time reports an outbreak of this species of eucalyptus to Rio Grande do Sul, State, Brazil and extends the range of information about the biology of Nystalea nyseus. For the first time, predatory species are registered as natural enemies.
A crescente demanda por produtos florestais tem propiciado o aumento das áreas plantadas no Brasil. O eucalipto é uma espécie florestal de rápido crescimento e é cultivado em larga escala, porém com o aumento das áreas de plantio com Eucalyptus sp., os problemas entomológicos tendem a aumentar. As lagartas desfolhadoras representam um grupo importante de insetos daninhos em plantios florestais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar um surto da espécie Nystalea nyseus (Cramer, 1775), bem como aspectos da sua biologia e inimigos naturais. Este estudo foi realizado em um plantio seminal de Eucalyptus saligna Smith localizado no município de São Sepé, Rio Grande do Sul. Para avaliar o surto foi realizada uma amostragem utilizando o método do transecto. Foram coletadas lagartas de diferentes ínstares e pupas dessa espécie e encaminhadas para o laboratório, sob condições controladas temperatura de 25°C ± 1°C, umidade relativa de 80 % e fotofase de 12 horas. Os aspectos biológicos avaliados foram: coloração e morfologia dos ovos, duração do período de pré-pupa e pupa, razão sexual e longevidade de adultos. Realizou-se uma inspeção visual no plantio de eucalipto objetivando a captura de possíveis inimigos naturais. Como resultados constatou-se a presença de ataque em todos os talhões avaliados. Os ovos obtidos em laboratório apresentaram coloração esverdeada e após 24 horas, tornaram-se vermelho claro. Apresentam, em média, comprimento de 1,17 (± 0,387) mm e largura de 1,20 (± 0,229) mm, assim como um período médio de incubação de seis dias. A fase da pré-pupa teve duração de 3,53 (±0,53) dias e a de pupa 14,02 (±1,23) e 15,12 (±1,08) dias para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente. O comprimento (mm), largura (mm) e peso (g) das pupas foram maiores para fêmeas, porém sem diferença significativa. A razão sexual de adultos obtida em laboratório foi de 0,62 fêmeas para cada macho e a longevidade média foi de 7,63 dias para fêmeas e 5,47 para machos. Foram registradas a ocorrência das seguintes espécies predadoras: Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851), Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret, 1863) e Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Dallas, 1851) todas pertencentes à ordem Heteroptera, família Pentatomidae. O presente trabalho registra pela primeira vez um surto dessa espécie em eucalipto para o Rio Grande do Sul e amplia o conjunto de informações a respeito da biologia de Nystalea nyseus. Registram-se pela primeira vez espécies predadoras como inimigos naturais.
Malaquias, José Bruno. "Interações do algodão Bt, do inseticida imidacloprid e do predador Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) no manejo da resistência de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidade) a lambda-cyhalot". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-29052012-101249/.
Texto completoThis study aimed to identify the interactions of Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac (Bollgard®), with the predator Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in resistance management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to lambda-cyhalothrin in two conditions: absence and presence of the insecticide imidacloprid. Larvae of S. frugiperda were used from the following conditions: resistant (1) and susceptible (2) strains to lambda-cyhalothrin fed Bollgard® cotton leaves (DP 404 BG); and resistant (3) and susceptible (4) strains to lambda-cyhalothrin fed non-transgenic cotton leaves (cultivar DP4049). The results of this study revealed that in the absence of imidacloprid, independent of treatment, the behavior of predation was best represented by the type III of functional response, because the attack rate increased linearly in all conditions studied (a = bN). There were differences between the handling time (Th) of females of the predator who received larvae of S. frugiperda susceptible to insecticides previously fed non-transgenic cotton in relation to other treatments. The density of 16 larvae/predator, the number of larvae preyed by female of P. nigrispinus was significantly higher in larvae of S. frugiperda resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, fed on Bt cotton or non-Bt compared to susceptible larvae fed non Bt cotton. Moreover, when we offered 16 larvae of S. frugiperda to the predator, the number of larvae predate were significantly lower in larvae susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin that were fed non-Bt cotton, compared to larvae that were previously fed on transgenic cotton. In the presence of imidacloprid, the predatory behavior of P. nigrispinus was affected by the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, and the asymptotic curve type II was the one that best described the data of the functional response. In the presence of imadacloprid, handling time (Th) of females of the predator did not differ among treatments. However, the attack rate was represented by a decrease due to the increase of the density of larvae offered. Regardless of the treatment (strain of S. frugiperda or cultivar of cotton), the predation larvae of S. frugiperda by females of P. nigrispinus when exposed to imidacloprid was significantly lower, especially at density of 16 larvae/predator. Given these results, the research reinforces the fitness cost associated to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance as well as Bt cotton affected the rate of predation on larvae of S. frugiperda by females of P. nigrispinus, only at the highest density tested (16 larvae/predator). The behavior of predation on larvae of S. frugiperda by females of P. nigrispinus was affected by insecticide imidacloprid.
Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de. "Identificação e caracterização de genes induzidos por Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em cana-de-açúcar". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-26092008-095927/.
Texto completoPlants respond to insect damage by induction and accumulation of a large set of defense proteins. An investigation was undertaken to study the sugarcane transcriptional changes following Diatraea saccharalis damage. The first approach was a detailed study about the induction of two isoforms of a sugarcane homologue of a barley wound inducible gene, barwin, named sugarwin (sugarcane wound-inducible). Induction of sugarwin transcripts occurs in response to mechanical wounding, D. saccharalis feeding and methyl jasmonate treatment. Their expression is restricted to the site of damage. Sugarwins are members of the late wound-inducible genes. The subcellular localization of the signal peptide fused to the gfp (green fluorescent protein) shows that these proteins are secreted. Although the exact function of the barwin domain has not been completely elucidated, antipathogenic activities has been described for a number of homologues. Multiple sequence alignment of barwin domain-containing sugarcane proteins and of mono and dicotiledoneous proteins reveals high similarity, suggesting that their function is conserved among species. This is the first report of a barwin-like protein induced by herbivory. The activity of this type of proteins against insects has never been studied. Based on the results presented here, it can be concluded that SUGARWINS are part of the sugarcane defense response strategy. The second approach to study the sugarcane response to D. saccharalis damage was the large-scale analysis, using DNA macroarrays, of serine proteases and serine protease inhibitors differently expressed in response to herbivory. While the protease inhibitors function in defense is well-established, the involvement of proteases in defense has been recently proposed. The transcript monitoring of sugarcane serine proteases in response to herbivory revealed several candidate genes for further functional studies. One of the greatest applications of these results is the identification of genes for use in biotechnological strategies to improve sugarcane insect resistance.
Marcomini, Angelina Maria. "Bioatividade e efeito residual de nanoformulações de nim sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-09112009-141755/.
Texto completoNeem extracts were nanoformulated with several types of nanoparticles and polymers in a tentative to reduce the biodegradation of neem active compounds and improve their residual effect. These nanoformulations were tested against Spodoptera frugiperda and their efficacy compared to a commercial product. The polymers poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(- hidroxibutirate) (PHB) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used in the quantities 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75g and two sorts of nanoparticles (capsules and spheres). Tween®80 and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were utilized as surfactants. The nanoformulations were produced as aqueous suspension and powder and further diluted before application. These nanoformulations were sprayed on artificial diet offered to second instars of S. frugiperda, and on corn plants which had their leaves offered to first instars. The efficacy of the different formulations was tested by assessing larval mortality and weight 10 days after treatment. When applied to artificial diets, reduced larval weight was observed, but four of them caused 40 to 46% mortality when applied on corn plants. The four most effective nanoformulations were further tested to evaluate their effects on S. frugiperda larval feeding preference and their residual effect. Three bioassays were set up using corn leaves treated with these, wich were offered to larvae at days 1, 3 and 7 after spraying (DAS), having the larval mortality and weight assessed 10 days after larval exposure. Simultaneously, choice tests for larval feeding preference (treatment x control) were carried out using corn leaf discs 1, 3 and 7 DAS. Feeding preference was evaluated by using a preference index calculated after the assessment of the leaf area fed by the larva 24h after exposure. The residual effect of the neem nanoformulations was lower than the commercial product evaluated. Only one nanoformulation and Organic Neem® were feeding deterrents to S. frugiperda, but only in the first day after the treatment. Although the nanoformulations caused larval mortality and weight reduction, their efficacy was not any better than that of the commercial product tested.
Faubert, Glenn E. "Caterpillar tolerance representations of graphs /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186904.
Texto completoNunes, Janete Cardoso. "Distribuição temporal e espacial de danos de grandes lagartas em pomar de macieira". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1123.
Texto completoApple orchards in southern Brazil are attacked by a great diversity of organisms throughout the crop cycle and special attention should be given to insect pests. The damage caused by "big caterpillars" has caused concern in the productive sector, and research on alternative methods of control for these insects is still incipient. The study was conducted at the Estação Experimental de Fruticultura de Clima Temperado (EFCT) da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, em Vacaria-RS. Its objective was to identify the species of Lepidoptera occurring in apple orchards; establish and determine the floating population indices during the crop; check harm reduction "big caterpillars" to obtain the spatial distribution of damage in apple orchards and study the effect of different diets on the development of natural Physocleora dimidiaria (Guenée, 1852) (Geometridae), a species belonging to the group of "big caterpillars." Light traps were installed three of the adapted model "Luiz de Queiroz", October 2010 and March 2011, Fuji orchard. The removal of insects occurred twice a week, the collected material was stored in labeled plastic bags and taken to the laboratory for screening. The moths were identified by comparison, based on specimens in the entomological collection of existing EFCT and the unidentified specimens were sent to specialists. We determined the species richness, diversity indexes, constancy and dominance. We evaluated the incidence and spatial distribution of damage "big caterpillars" in the periods of fruit thinning, pre-harvest and harvest. We calculated the mean (x), variance (s2) for each occasion of sampling and dispersion indexes I, Morisita, negative binomial and Poisson. We recorded 40 species belonging to the families of Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Geometridae and Noctuidae. Damage to the "big caterpillars" presented dispersion pattern defined by aggregation in the thinning and pre-harvest and regular harvesting. The light traps can be used to survey and monitor species diversity, however, were not effective to control the damage of "big caterpillars" in apple orchard. Was evaluated in the laboratory the effect of different diets on the natural development of P. dimidiaria. Seventy larvae were observed until the F1 generation in BOD incubator at each natural diet: Trifolium repens L. (white clover), Rumex obtusifolius (tonguein- cow), Malus domestica (apple leaves) fruit and apple cultivar Gala. Data in the table of life and fertility obtained for P. dimidiaria indicate that a generation time was 49.09 days in T. repens; of 60.04 days (apple leaves) and 50.17 days in R. obtusifolius. The net reproductive rate was higher in caterpillars fed on R. obtusifolius times corresponding to 183.60, with each generation
Pomares de macieira do Sul do Brasil são atacados por uma grande diversidade de organismos ao longo do ciclo da cultura e atenção especial deve ser dada aos insetos-praga. Os danos causados por grandes lagartas vêm causando preocupação no setor produtivo, e a pesquisa com métodos alternativos de controle para tais insetos ainda é incipiente. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Fruticultura de Clima Temperado (EFCT) da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, em Vacaria-RS. Teve por objetivos identificar as espécies de lepidópteros ocorrentes em pomar de macieira; estabelecer a flutuação e determinar índices populacionais ao longo da safra; verificar a redução de danos de grandes lagartas ; obter a distribuição espacial do dano em pomar de macieira e estudar o efeito de diferentes dietas naturais sobre o desenvolvimento de Physocleora dimidiaria (Guenée, 1852) (Geometridae), uma espécie pertencente ao grupo das grandes lagartas . Foram instaladas três armadilhas luminosas adaptadas do modelo Luiz de Queiroz , de outubro de 2010 e março de 2011, em pomar da cultivar Fuji. A retirada dos insetos ocorreu duas vezes por semana, o material coletado foi armazenado em sacos plásticos etiquetados e levado até o laboratório para triagem. As mariposas foram identificadas por comparação, com base em exemplares existentes na coleção entomológica da EFCT. Os exemplares não identificados foram enviados a especialistas. Foi determinada a riqueza de espécies, os índices de diversidade, constância e dominância. Avaliou-se a incidência e a distribuição espacial do dano de grandes lagartas em frutos nos períodos de raleio, pré-colheita e colheita. Calculou-se a média (x), a variância (s2) para cada ocasião de amostragem e os índices de dispersão I, Morisita, binomial negativa e Poisson. Foram registradas 40 espécies de lepidópteros pertencentes às famílias: Arctiidae, Geometridae e Noctuidae. Os danos de grandes lagartas apresentaram padrão de dispersão definido pela agregação no raleio e pré-colheita e regular na colheita. As armadilhas luminosas podem ser utilizadas para levantamento de diversidade de espécies e monitoramento, porém, não foram eficientes para controlar os danos de grandes lagartas em pomar de macieira. Foi avaliado em laboratório o efeito de diferentes dietas naturais sobre o desenvolvimento de P. dimidiaria. Setenta lagartas foram acompanhadas até a geração F1 em estufa incubadora BOD, em cada dieta natural: Trifolium repens L. (trevo-branco), Rumex obtusifolius (língua-de-vaca), folhas de Malus domestica (macieira) e frutos de macieira cultivar gala. Os dados da tabela de vida e de fertilidade obtidos para a P. dimidiaria indicaram que o tempo de uma geração foi de 49,09 dias em T. repens; de 60,04 dias (folhas de macieira) e de 50,17 dias em R. obtusifolius. A taxa líquida de reprodução foi maior em lagartas alimentadas com R. obtusifolius correspondendo a 183,60 vezes, a cada geração
Silva, Cherre Sade Bezerra da. "Bioecologia de Spodoptera frugiperda e de seus parasitóides de ovos Telenomus remus, Trichogramma atopovirilia e T. pretiosum". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-23052011-160600/.
Texto completoLiving beings often influence and are influenced by the environment. Such interactions can directly affect the behavior and survivorship of insects. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the behavior and survivorship of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its egg parasitoids Telenomus remus Nixon 1937 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner 1983, and T. pretiosum Riley 1879 (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). The results showed that adults of S. frugiperda perform reproductive activities during well-defined periods of their life, preferably from the beginning until the middle of scotophase. Females of T. remus parasitized S. frugiperda eggs in both photophase and scotophase. T. atopovirilia was the species with the widest temperature range for optimal development, and therefore with a high potential for controlling S. frugiperda populations in different temperature conditions. Survivorship and foraging behaviors of T. remus, T. atopovirilia, and T. pretiosum were affected by intra- and/or interspecific competition, with particular effects on each parasitoid species. Intrinsic intraspecific competition affected T. atopovirilia survivorship, but did not affect T. pretiosum or T. remus. Intrinsic interspecific competition affected survivorship of all three parasitoid species. The parasitism sequence and oviposition interval were critical for the result of this competition. Emergence of two Trichogramma species from a single multiparasitized host egg was observed. Of the three parasitoid species, T. atopovirilia showed the highest likelihood of winning in intrinsic interspecific competition. These results suggest that chemical cues (e.g., pheromones) released by adults of S. frugiperda can be used as kairomones by females of T. remus during the scotophase, enabling the phenomenon of phoresy. Moreover, temperature and competition affect the survivorship and/or behavior of T. remus, T. atopovirilia and T. pretiosum and should be considered when selecting the species or combination of species for field release to control S. frugiperda populations.
Hrušová, Klára. "Ocenění společnosti Caterpillar Financial Services ČR, s.r.o". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-873.
Texto completoChukwukere, Presley. "The 2-Domination Number of a Caterpillar". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3456.
Texto completoArruda, Ligia Hansen. "Caracterização estrutural da interação de serino proteinases de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e inibidores de proteinases de plantas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-24052011-091301/.
Texto completoPlants have developed different mechanisms to reduce insect attack, including defence proteins such as proteinase inhibitors (PIs). In turn, insects have evolved strategies to overcome these plant defence mechanisms, such as the hyperexpression of PI-sensitive and insensitive digestive enzymes, allowing the insect to thrive. One of the aims of this work was to identify new serine proteinases (SPs) in the gut of the fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda. Two new chymotrypsins and three new trypsins were identified, and together with 10 previously identified genes, the genes that encode these enzymes were subjected to real-time PCR and gene expression analysis. Between these two families of serine-proteinases the genes that encode chymotrypsins show a greater positive regulation then those encoding the trypsins. Molecular modelling studies of the chymotrypsins were carried out, and 3D models were generated using homology modelling, which were then further refined by dynamic molecular and docking analyses with 8 different Bowman-Birk type PIs. The results demonstrate which chymotrypsins possess the highest affinities to the tested inhibitors in a general and individual manner, inferred from the estimated free energies. A serine residue in very close proximity to the catalytic site was present in three of chymotrypsins investigated, which may be affecting the enzymes affinity since the residue has a reduced accessible area to the solvent when complexed to the soya PI tested. The genetic expression patterns and the degree of PI-sensitivity were also compared and no relation between the parameters was found. This suggests that the larvae of the species S. frugiperda combine different adaptive strategies like the increase in expression of its entire chymotrypsin arsenal regardless of the degree of PI-sensitivity of the enzymes.
Guignard, Adrien. "Jeux de coloration de graphes". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14391/document.
Texto completoPart 1: Domination Game and its variantsDomination game is a combinatorial game that consists in marking vertices of a graph so that a marked vertex has no marked neighbors. The first player unable to mark a vertex loses the game.Since the computing of winning strategies is an NP-hard problem for any graphs, we examine some specific families of graphs such as complete k-partite graphs, paths or saws. For these families, we establish the set of losing elements. For other families, such as caterpillars, we prove that exists a polynomial algorithm for the computation of outcome and winning strategies. No polynomial algorithm has been found to date for more general families, such as trees.We also study 28 variants of Domination game, including the 12 variants defined by J. Conway for any combinatorial game. Using game functions, we find the set of losing paths for 10 of these 12 variants. We also investigate 16 variants called diameter, for instance when rules require to play on the component that has the largest diameter.Part 2: The game chromatic number of treesThis parameter is computed from a coloring game: Alice and Bob alternatively color the vertices of a graph G, using one of the k colors in the color set. Alice has to achieve the coloring of the entire graph whereas Bob has to prevent this. Faigle and al. proved that the game chromatic number of a tree is at most 4. We undertake characterization of trees with a game chromatic number of 3. Since this problem seems difficult for general trees, we focus on sub-families: 1-caterpillars and caterpillars without holes.For these families we provide the characterization and also compute winning strategies for Alice and Bob. In order to do so, we are led to define a new notion, the bitype, that for a partially-colored graph G associates two letters indicating who has a winning strategy respectively on G and G with an isolated vertex. Bitypes allow us to demonstrate several properties, in particular to compute the game chromatic number of a graph from the bitypes of its connected components
Jackson, Eugenie Marie. "Explorations in the classification of vertices as good or bad". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0310101-153932/unrestricted/jacksone.pdf.
Texto completoNielsen, Matthew Erik. "Interactions among multiple plastic traits in caterpillar thermoregulation". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196461.
Texto completoAdaptive phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism by which organisms deal with variation in many different aspects of their environment. Adaptive plasticity can occur in any trait, from aspects of biochemistry and morphology to behaviors. Because so many different traits can be plastic, organisms often respond plastically to a given change in their environment, such as an increase in temperature, with adaptive changes in multiple traits. Nevertheless, how these different plastic responses interact with each other and evolve together has received little attention. My research addresses these potential interactions among plastic traits and proposes new hypotheses regarding the causes and consequences of these interactions. It does so by focusing on heat avoidance in the caterpillars of Battus philenor (the pipevine swallowtail) which involves two distinct plastic mechanisms. First, the caterpillars can change color when they molt, a form of morphological plasticity in which they develop a red color under high temperatures which cools them by absorbing less solar radiation. Second, when the caterpillars become too hot, they will leave their host to seek cooler thermal refuges, a case of behavior as a form of plasticity. In terms of function, I demonstrated through field research that these two responses to high temperatures are largely redundant. Behavior provides a much stronger and faster response than color change, and red coloration provides little additional cooling when on a refuge. Instead, the primary benefit of color change is that it reduces the use of refuge seeking behavior, allowing the caterpillars to stay on their hosts longer. Using laboratory experiments, I demonstrated that this change in the use of refuge-seeking behavior with color occurs because color changes the cue for the behavior, body temperature, rather having any effect on how the caterpillar responds to that cue. Alternatively, similar experiments on caterpillars of varying sizes show that developmental size change lowers the body temperature at which caterpillars leave their host, demonstrating a change in the response to the cue (although larger caterpillars are also warmer, so both mechanisms are likely relevant for how size changes the expression of behavior). All of my research to this point was conducted on the local population in southern Arizona, which experiences quite high temperatures, but B. philenor is also found in much cooler environments, such as the Appalachian Mountains. Given this variation in their thermal environment, I used common garden experiments to compare the capacity for color change and refuge-seeking among B. philenor caterpillars from across the species range. Both color change and refuge seeking not only occurred in all populations, but also had the same reaction norms, occurring at the same temperatures and to the same degree. This is particularly notable for color change, which is not observed in the wild in northeastern populations, and thus has persisted despite minimal if any use. Overall, I have shown that studies of plasticity need to account for plasticity in different traits as well as the interactions between these forms of plasticity. My research on B. philenor provides a model for how to address these interactions, which future research can extend to additional organisms and environmental circumstances.
Nielsen, Matthew Erik y Matthew Erik Nielsen. "Interactions Among Multiple Plastic Traits in Caterpillar Thermoregulation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621779.
Texto completoPleasant, Jennifer. "Spatial and ecological patterns of tent location in the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americana (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae) /". View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131458168.pdf.
Texto completoMerkx-Jacques, Magali. "Nutritional regulation in the generalist caterpillar Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101624.
Texto completoCaterpillar glucose oxidase (GOX), which catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, may be a pre-ingestive mechanism to cope with excess dietary carbohydrates. GOX activity was highest in the labial salivary glands of 4th instar caterpillars and was higher in caterpillars reared on a meridic artificial diet (AD) compared to those fed Medicago truncatula. Following transfer from plants, labial salivary GOX activity increased with time spent on AD suggesting that a dietary factor is involved in this enzyme's regulation. Dietary carbohydrate levels do not appear to regulate GOX activity; however nutritional content may play a role its regulation.
Lentz, Amanda Jean. "The effect of aphids in parasitoid-caterpillar-plant interactions". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28409.
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Doyle, Annie Lynn. "Effects of Forest Fragmentation and Honeysuckle Invasion on Forest Lepidoptera in Southwest Ohio". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229873847.
Texto completoAusique, John Jairo Saldarriaga. "Caracterização das comunidades de microorganismos associados ao mesêntero de Diatraea saccharalis e Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Crambidae e Noctuidae)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-16032010-161656/.
Texto completoThe identification of members of the microbe communities is the first step to understand their roles on insect biology. We have characterized the midgut bacterial community of fifth ínstar caterpillars of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, and of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, through isolation on tryptic soy agar medium and through culture-independent molecular techniques. D. saccharalis caterpillars were collected on nine sugarcane varieties in Bocaina, Tanabi and Luís Antônio cities in São Paulo State. S. frugiperda were collected directly from corn fields in Piracicaba-SP and field and laboratory populations were reared on artificial diet, corn, cotton, sorghum and rice. Ninety D. saccharalis caterpillars and 40 S. frugiperda caterpillars were used. The microbiota community of each caterpillar was evaluated individually. The ability of bacterial isolates to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and sugarcane bagasse was assessed. The molecular analyses were based on Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences amplified from metagenomic DNA extracted from 57 individual midgut of D. saccharalis and 26 from S. frugiperda. Latter, 6 of these metagenomic DNA of each insect species were cloned and the 12 clone libraries were sequenced. The cultivable bacterial community of these two insect species is composed by representatives of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The phylotypes from the clone libraries of 16S rRNA were comprised by Bacteroidetes in D. saccharalis and Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria in S. frugiperda, besides the three phyla found by culturing. Only bacteria isolated from D. saccharalis had ability to degrade cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and sugarcane bagasse in the in vitro tests. The ability to degrade cellulose was more common than the ability to degrade hemicelullose and just a few isolates had the ability to degrade lignin. The only two bacteria presenting a positive response to degradation of all carbon sources were clustered with Phyllobacterium trifolii and Bacillus subtilis. The greatest number of cultivable bacteria sequences belongs to genera Bacillus (26.4 and 32.4%, in D. saccharalis and S. frugiperda, respectively), Enterococcus (12.1 and 13%) and Microbacterium (18 and 12%). Sequence analysis from metagenomic DNA revealed the genera Klebsiella in all samples from D. saccharalis. Bacterial community varied according to S. frugiperda host plant; however, both Ralstonia and Hydrogenophilus genera were present in the digestive tracts of insects from most host plants. Community structure variation of S. frugiperda and D. saccharalis is related directly to insect population origin and type of insect food source. The constant presence of some bacteria in the majority of insects indicates that those microorganisms might either be indispensable, playing a vital role to the insect, or have some symbiotic or commensal relation with the insect.
Cox, S. C. "The action of formamidines at octopamine-sensitive receptors in Antheraea larvae". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376606.
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