Tesis sobre el tema "Catchment management"
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Materechera, Fenji. "Towards integrated catchment management : challenges surrounding implementation in the Gamtoos River catchment". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018553.
Texto completoShepherd, Christina. "Towards integrated catchment management : institutional arrangements : a case study of the Patawalonga catchment /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs5478.pdf.
Texto completoEdwardes, Katherine. "Water management: distilling criteria for effective management at catchment level". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19746.
Texto completoOf all the natural resources available on earth, it could be argued that water is the most important and essential to human health and well - being. Water is a scarce and finite resource and must therefore be used in such a manner as to preserve and protect it. Statistically, South Africa is a water scarce country and water demand is on the increase due to an increase in population, economic development and living standards. The scarcity creates a need to protect the little water South Africa has and so various policies, laws, guidelines and entities exist to control the use and management of water. South Africa has recently put plans into action to establish nine catchment management agencies, as provided for in the National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998), to deal with the management of water at a catchment level. The establishment and operation of these nine institutions are behind schedule and the outcome of the process thus far is below the desired level. Management of natural resources is done by a wide range of institutions with a variety of management styles according to certain management principles and plans. These management styles can be adjusted to suit the management of most types of natural resources, and because of the interdisciplinary nature of water management, elements from all the management styles can be drawn from to suit water management. Three management and governance styles or concepts were identified for this study. The characteristics and principles of these concepts have been divided into different aspects or broad themes of water management. The National Water Act 36 of 1998, specifically the sections related to catchment management agencies, is reviewed to identify the provisions that might be preventing them from adopting the principles of successful management as suggested by the three governance and management styles.
Davidson, Celene. "Catchment diagnostic framework for the Klip River catchment, Vaal Barrage, October 1998 - September 1999". Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21298.
Texto completoAC 2016
Pattison, Ian. "Rural land management impacts on catchment scale flood risk". Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/531/.
Texto completoGriesel, Gerhard. "Development and management framework for the Gouritz River Catchment". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11202003-155742.
Texto completoNleya, Ndodana. "Institutional overlaps in water management in the Eerste River Catchment". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Texto completothere were differences in roles of the different state organs operating in the catchment. Water management conflict emanated from lack of congruence in the various legislation and differences in the interpretation of legislation. The various state organs seem to be aware of the constitutional duty of cooperative government that engenders state organs to work co-operatively in order to meet their developmental mandates. It seems however that the state organs were merely interested to be seen to be in conformity with this duty more than actually solving the issue as this was seen as something to be tackled at a higher level.
Harrold, Timothy Ives Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Stochastic generation of daily rainfall for catchment water management studies". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18640.
Texto completoLloyd, Ian. "The water resources of the Waipara catchment and their management". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8580.
Texto completoAl-Yami, Mesfer. "Analysis and visualisation of digital elevation data for catchment management". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53441/.
Texto completoBirkinshaw, Stephen J. "Nitrate transport component for SHETRAN catchment modelling system". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336759.
Texto completoParkinson, Jonathan Neil. "Modelling strategies for sustainable domestic wastewater management in a residential catchment". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7449.
Texto completoSokrut, Nikolay. "The Integrated Distributed Hydrological Model, ECOFLOW- a Tool for Catchment Management". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237.
Texto completoMales, Ryan James. "Complex, deterministic hydrological modelling towards decision support for urban catchment management". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52170.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Historically, urban waterresources have too often been managed without recognition that the flow in a river integrates many landscape and biological features. This has often resulted in the elimination of natural processes and their replacement by man-made streamlined structures with the effects of increased urbanisation being primarily addressed from an engineering and economics point of view to the detriment of environmental and social issues. Catchment Management, as legislated in the Water Act, No. 36 of 1998, is a management approach to address the negative consequences of an urban stormwater design philosophy restricted to flood restriction. It is a systems approach that integrates engineering and scientific skills, socio-economic concerns, and environmental constraints within a new multidisciplinary decision-making process that recognises the different components of the hydrological and aquatic cycles are linked, and each component is affected by changes in every other component. In order to make effective management decisions, catchment managers require tools to provide reliable information about the performance of alternative arrangements of stormwater management facilities and to quantify the effects of possible management decisions on the water environment. A deterministic hydrological model is such a tool, which provides the link between the conceptual understanding of the physical catchment characteristics and the empirical quantification of the hydrological, water quality and ecological response. In order to provide effective computer based decision support, the hydrological model must be part of an integrated software application in which a collection of data manipulation, analysis, modelling and interpretation tools, including GIS, can be efficiently used together to manage a large potion of the overall decision process. This decision support system must have a simple and intuitive user interface able to produce easily interpreted output. It must have powerful graphical presentation capabilities promoting effective communication and be designed to solve ill-structured problems by flexibly combining statistical analysis, models and data. The Great Lotus River canal, situated on the Cape Flats, Cape Town, has been designed and controlled through extensive canalisation and the construction of detention pond facilities to avoid the flooding of urban areas of the catchment. This approach has resulted in these channels becoming stormwater drains, transporting waste and nutrients in dissolved and particulate forms, and reducing their assimilatory capacity for water quality improvement. In order to investigate the use of hydrological modelling in decision support for Catchment Management, the semi-distributed, physically based model, SWMM, was applied to the Great Lotus River canal. SWMM consists of a number of independent modules allowing the hydrological and hydraulic simulations of urban catchments and their conveyance networks on an event or continuous basis. In order to ease the application of the Fortran based SWMM model, the GUl, PCSWMM98, was developed by Computational Hydraulics Inc (CH!). This provides decision support for SWMM through large array of tools for file management, data file creation, output visualisation and interpretation, model calibration and error analysis and storm dynamic analysis thus easing any simulations with SWMM. In addition, PCSWMM was developed with a GIS functionality for graphically creating, editing and/or querying SWMM model entities and attributes, displaying these SWMM layers with background layers and dynamic model results, and exporting data to SWMM input files thus providing an interface between a GIS and SWMM. In terms of Catchment Management, the above DSS can be used effectively to assist decisionmaking. This is to address tensions between the fundamental catchment management considerations of physical development, social considerations and maintaining ecological sustainability. It is at the stages of Assessment and Planning that the model can play the most significant role in providing decision support to the Catchment Management process. Assessment in the Catchment Management process refers to the collection, storage, modelling and interpretation of catchment information. It is in this quantification, interpretation and assessment of catchment information that a hydrological model contributes to an increase in knowledge in the Catchment Management process. In identifying and quantifying, at a sufficient temporal and spatial scale, the dominant cause and effect relationships in the urban physical environment, a hydrological model is able to highlight the main contributing factors to an issue. This is used in the Planning stage of the Catchment Management process and when combining these contributing factors with assessments of the socio-economic and administrative environments, enables the prioritisation of the principal issues requiring attention in a Catchment Management Strategy. It is possible to link the multiple decision-making requirements of Catchment Management with the abilities of a hydrological model to provide information on these requirements in a conceptual framework. This framework consists of the fundamental catchment considerations of Physical Development, Environmental Management and Social Development and resolves these considerations into the various management issues associated with each consideration ~s well as its management solution. The management solutions are linked to the model through formulating the solution in terms of the model parameters and perturbing the affected parameters in ways to simulate the management solution. This results in model output and graphical interpretation of the effects of the suggested management solution. A comparison between the simulated effects of each management solution allows the Catchment Management body to identify optimal management solutions for the various management Issues. The present model of the Great Lotus River catchment is sufficient to simulate the overland and subsurface flows from individual parts of the catchment and to route these flows and associated pollutant loadings to the catchment outlet. At its present level of complexity, the finely discretised model subcatchment and conveyance network provides decision support for Catchment Management through the simulation, at a pre-feasibility stage, of various Catchment Management issues and their proposed solutions. Given more detailed canal and drainage network dimensions and water quality data, it is possible for the model to incorporate hydraulic calculation routines to assess the implications of alternative river rehabilitation techniques and waste management strategies. This would allow greater capability in assessing the role of the various BMPs in ameliorating stormwater impacts and pollutant loading. In addition, a detailed level survey of the stormwater pipe and canal network could result in hydrological modelling being utilised to identify critical areas where stormwater upgrading would be necessary. In order to facilitate future complex, finely discretised catchment hydrological models, it is imperative that complete and detailed drainage patterns and stormwater network characteristics are available. In addition, to minimise model generation costs and time of model setup, this spatially representative data must be captured in a GIS for rapid inclusion into the model. Furthermore, complete spatially representative precipitation datasets are necessary to ensure that model error is reduced. These two issues of available spatial data and comprehensive precipitation records are crucial for the generated models to function as effective decision support systems for Catchment Management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Histories is stedelike waterbronne te dikwels bestuur sonder inagneming dat die vloei van die rivier baie landskap- en biologiese kenmerke insluit. Dit het dikwels daartoe gelei dat natuurlike prosesse uitgeskakel is en vervang is deur mensgemaakte, stroombelynde strukture waarvan die effek van toenemende verstedeliking hoofsaaklik aangespreek word vanuit 'n ingenieurs- en ekonomiese oogpunt tot nadeel van omgewings- en sosiale kwessies. Opvangsgebiedsbestuur, soos bepaal deur die Waterwet, Wet 36 van 1998, is 'n bestuursbenadering om die negatiewe gevolge van 'n stedelike stormwaterontwerpfilosofie wat beperk is tot vloedbeperking aan te spreek. Dit is 'n stelselbenadering wat ingenieurs- en wetenskaplike vaardighede, sosio-ekonomiese probleme en omgewingsbeperkings integreer in 'n nuwe multidissiplinêre besluitnemingsproses wat erkenning daaraan gee dat die verskillende komponente van die hidrologiese en watersiklusse verbind is, en elke komponent beïnvloed word deur veranderings in elke ander komponent. Om doeltreffende bestuursbesluite te neem, benodig opvangsgebiedsbestuur die hulpmiddels om betroubare inligting oor die prestasie van alternatiewe moontlikhede VIr stormwaterbestuurfasiliteite en om die effek van moontlike bestuursbesluite op die wateromgewing te kwantifiseer. 'n Deterministiese hidrologiese model is so 'n hulpmiddel wat die skakel daarstel tussen die konseptueie begrip van die fisiese opvangsgebiedskenmerke en die empiriese kwantifisering van die water-, waterkwaliteit- en ekologiese reaksie. Om doeltreffende rekenaarbesluitnemingsteun te verskaf, moet die hidrologiese model deel wees van 'n geïntegreerde sagteware-aanwending waarin 'n versameling datamanipulasie-, analise-, modellerings- en interpreteringshulpmiddels, insluitend GIS, doeltreffend saam gebruik kan word om 'n groot deel van die algehele besluitnemingsproses te bestuur. Hierdie besluitnemingsteunstelsel moet 'n eenvoudige en intuïtiewe gebruikersvlak hê wat in staat is om maklik interpreteerbare uitsette te lewer. Dit moet goeie grafiese voorleggingsvermoëns hê wat doeltreffende kommunikasie vergemaklik en ontwerp wees om swak gestruktureerde probleme deur die buigsame samevoeging van statistiese analise, modelle en data op te los. Die Groot Lotusrivierkanaal op die Kaapse Vlakte, Kaapstad is ontwerp en word beheer deur uitgebreide kanalisasie en die konstruksie van detensiedamfasiliteite om die oorstroming van stedelike opvangsgebiede te vermy. Hierdie benadering het daartoe gelei dat hierdie kanale stormwaterafvoerpype geword het wat afval en nutriënte in opgelosde en partikelvorm vervoer en hulle assimilasievermoë vir die verbetering van waterkwaliteit verminder. Om die gebruik van hidrologiese modelle in besluitnemingsteun vir Opvangsgebiedsbestuur te ondersoek, is die semi-verspreide, fisiesgebaseerde model, SWMM, op die Groot Lotusrivierkanaal toegepas. SWMM bestaan uit 'n aantalonafhanklike modules wat die hidrologiese en hidroulika simulasies van stedelike opvangsgebiede en hulle vervoemetwerke per geleentheid of deurlopend monitor. Om die aanwending van die Fortran gebaseerde SWMM model te vergemaklik is die GUl, PCSWMM98 deur Computational Hydraulics Inc (CHD ontwikkel. Dit verskaf besluitnemingsteun vir SWMM deur 'n groot aantal hulpmiddels vir lêerbestuur, die skep van datalêers, uitsetvisualisering en interpretasie, modelkalibrasie, foutanalise en stormdinamikaanalise om enige simulasies met SWMM te vergemaklik. Daarby is PCSWMM ontwikkel met 'n GIS funksionaliteit vir die grafiese daarstelling, redigering en/of navraagfunksie van SWMM model entiteite en kenmerke, wat hierdie SWMM vlakke met agtergrondvlakke en dinamiese modelresultate vertoon en data in SWMM inset1êers plaas en op daardie manier 'n koppelvlak tussen 'n GIS en SWMM verskaf. Volgens Opvangsgebiedsbestuur kan bogenoemde DSS doeltreffend gebruik word in besluitneming. Dit IS om die spanning tussen fundamentele opvangsgebiedsbestuursoorwegings van fisiese ontwikkeling, sosiale oorwegings en ekologiese volhoubaarheid aan te spreek. Dis in die stadiums van Waardebepaling en Beplanning wat die model die belangrikste rol kan vervul in die verskaffing van besluitnemingsteun vir die Opvangsgebiedsbestuursproses. Waardebepaling in die Opvangsgebiedbestuursproses verwys na die versameling, berging, modellering en interpretasie van opvangsgebiedsinligting. Deur hierdie kwantifisering, interpretasie en waardebepaling van opvangsgebiedsinligting dra 'n hidrologiese model by tot 'n verhoging in kennis in die Opvangsgebiedsbestuur. Deur die identifisering en kwantifisering, op 'n ruim genoeg tydelike en ruimtelike skaal, van die dominante oorsaak en gevolg verhoudings in die stedelike fisiese omgewing, kan die hidrologiese model die hoof bydraende faktore uitlig. Dit word gebruik in die Beplanningsfase van die Opvangsgebiedproses en wanneer hierdie bydraende faktore by die waardebepaling van die sosio-ekonomiese en administratiewe omgewings saamgevoeg word, maak dit moontlik om die belangrike kwessies wat aandag behoort te kry in 'n Opvangsgebiedsbestuurstrategie in volgorde van voorrang te plaas. Dit is moontlik om die verskeidenheid besluitnemingsvereistes van Opvangsgebiedsbestuur met die vermoëns van 'n hidrologiese model te koppel om inligting oor hierdie vereistes in 'n konseptuele raamwerk te verskaf. Die raamwerk bestaan uit die fundamentele opvangsgebiedsoorwegings van Fisiese Ontwikkeling, Omgewingsbestuur en Sosiale Ontwikkeling en los hierdie oorwegings op in die verskillende bestuursaangeleenthede wat met elke oorweging en die bestuuroplossing geassosieer word. Die bestuursoplossings word aan die model gekoppel deur die formulering van die oplossing volgens die modelparameters en versteuring van die relevante parameters op sekere manier om die bestuursoplossing te simuleer. Dit lei tot modeluitset en grafiese interpretasie van die effek van die voorgestelde bestuursoplossing. 'n Vergelyking tussen die gesimuleerde effek van elke bestuursoplossing laat die Opvangsgebiedsbestuursliggaam toe om die optimale bestuursoplossings vir die verskeie bestuursaangeleenthede te identifiseer. Die huidige model van die Groot Lotusrivieropvang is genoegsaam om die bo- en ondergrondse vloei vanaf individuele dele van die opvangsgebied te simuleer en om die watervloei en geassosieerde besoedelstofladings na die opvangsgebiedsuitlaatplek te lei. Op sy huidige vlak van kompleksiteit verskaf die fyn gediskretiseerde model subopvangsgebied en vervoernetwerk besluitnemingsteun aan Opvangsgebiedsbestuur deur die simulasie, teen 'n voor-lewensvatbaarheidstudie, van verskeie opvangsgebiedsbestuurkwessies en die voorgestelde oplossings. Indien meer gedetailleerde kanaal- en dreineringsnetwerkdimensies- en waterkwaliteitdata ingevoer word, is dit moontlik vir die model om hidroulikaberekeningsroetines te inkorporeer om die implikasies van alternatiewe rivierrehabilitasietegnieke en afvalbestuurstrategieë te beoordeel. Dit sou die vermoë verbeter om die waarde van die verskeie BMPs te bepaal om die impak van stormwater en besoedelstoflading te versag. Daarby kan 'n gedetailleerde vlakopname van die stormwaterpyp en -kanaalnetwerk daartoe lei dat hidrologiese modelle gebruik kan word om kritieke areas te identifiseer waar stormwateropgradering nodig is. Om toekomstige komplekse, gediskretiseerde opvangsgebiedshidrologiese modelle te verbeter, is dit noodsaaklik dat volledige en gedetailleerde dreineringspatrone en stormwaternetwerkkenmerke beskikbaar is. Om die model-ontwikkelingskoste en tyd bestee aan die opstel van 'n model te minimiseer, moet hierdie ruimtelik verteenwoordigende data ingelees word in 'n GIS vir vinnige insluiting in die model. Daarbenewens is volledige, ruimtelik verteenwoordigende presipitasie datastelle nodig om te verseker dat modelfoute verminder word. Hierdie twee kwessies van beskikbare ruimtelike data en omvattende presipitasierekords is van die uiterste belang sodat die gegenereerde modelle as doeltreffende besluitnemingsteun vir Opvangsgebiedsbestuur kan funksioneer.
Metcalfe, Peter William. "Development of a modelling framework for integrated catchment flood risk management". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/88988/.
Texto completoRogers, Nina J. L. "Community environment groups and catchment management : an examination of the involvement of community environmental groups in the management of the Northern Adelaide and Barossa Catchment, South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AEVH/09aevhr728.pdf.
Texto completoTurner, Gregory Thomas y mikewood@deakin edu au. "The need for effective community participation in catchment planning in Australia". Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.122555.
Texto completoSchlapp, Julia Emily y julia schlapp@rmit edu au. "Modelling Fertiliser Use in the Glenelg Hopkins Catchment". RMIT University. Mathematics and Geospatial Science, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090602.144534.
Texto completoCollentine, Dennis. "Policies and tools for catchment management of water resources : field management, tradable permits and stakeholder participation /". Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a433.pdf.
Texto completoTaigel, Sarah. "Utilising spatial technologies to support the catchment based approach to landscape management". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59246/.
Texto completoMoriarty, Patrick Barre. "Integrated catchment management and sustainable water resource development in semi-arid Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394220.
Texto completoRetief, Daniel Christoffel Hugo. "Investigating integrated catchment management using a simple water quantity and quality model : a case study of the Crocodile River Catchment, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017875.
Texto completoRollason, Edward David. "Re-evaluating participatory catchment management : integrating mapping, modelling, and participatory action to deliver more effective risk management". Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12857/.
Texto completoMiller, Christopher James. "Mechanisms of water colour release from organic soils and consequences for catchment management". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for university members only. This requires an institutional login off-campus, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24724.
Texto completoGueze, Humberto. "Stakeholder participation in the establishment of the Berg Catchment Management Agency, South Africa". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7481_1211960632.
Texto completoEnacted in 1998, the New South African Water Act has introduced a new approach to water resource management, founded on the principle of decentralization of the management of water resources to regional and local levels and the public participation. The approach has been captured in the new National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998), which allows the establishment of Catchment Management Agencies. The overall purpose of this study was to understand the trends of public participation in the establishment of Catchment Management Agencies in South Africa, by presenting the case of the Berg Catchment Management Agency.
Chon, Ho-Sik. "Source assessment of metals for catchment management under the EU Water Framework Directive". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9587.
Texto completoBloodworth, Jack. "Identifying multiple pollutant catchment risks for the selection and targeting of water industry catchment management interventions : development, implementation and testing of the CaRPoW framework". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9750.
Texto completoSlater, Simon James. "River basin management : development responses within the context of catchment management planning in England and Wales 1990-1996". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389592.
Texto completoMokoena, Karabo. "Decentralisation of water resource management : a comparative review of catchment management authorities in South Africa and Victoria, Australia". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19783.
Texto completoCharles, Katrina Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Quantitative microbial risk assessment: a catchment management tool to delineate buffer distances for on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems in Sydney??s drinking water catchments". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43397.
Texto completoPapacharalampou, Chrysoula. "Integrated water resources and asset management at a catchment scale : a life-cycle improvement approach". Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723320.
Texto completoApelu-Uili, Toiata. "Working together as one?Exploring the implementation and community perception of catchment management in Samoa". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Waterways Center for Freshwater Management, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11260.
Texto completoWalker, Timothy William. "Geographies of risk, uncertainty and ambiguity : a participatory action research project in catchment management". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23845.
Texto completoPark, Jong-Sook. "Whole system modelling of the impact of land use management in the Parrett catchment". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434783.
Texto completoBrown, Helen. "Social learning within participatory, catchment-based water management processes in South Africa and Namibia". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14958/.
Texto completoGarcía, Comendador Julián. "Sediment fingerprinting and hydro-sedimentary monitoring as tools for catchment management in Mediterranean environments". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672333.
Texto completo[spa] La erosión es un proceso natural que comprende la meteorización, transporte y depósito de partículas del suelo. Estos procesos son esenciales dentro de los ciclos geoquímicos terrestres. Sin embargo, los efectos in situ y ex situ de la erosión se consideran una de las causas más importantes de la degradación de la calidad en ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos. Las características de la región mediterránea están marcadas por relaciones complejas entre variables naturales, humanas, bióticas y abióticas. Además, una distribución irregular de las lluvias, una marcada estacionalidad y las características fisiográficas del paisaje promueven respuestas divergentes en las tasas de erosión y producción de sedimentos. En este contexto, la cuenca Mediterránea presenta los rendimientos de sedimento más altos de toda Europa. Además, se perfila como un punto crítico de la dinámica del Cambio Global, especialmente en lo que respecta al Cambio Climático y de uso del suelo, lo que podría generar un aumento de los procesos erosivos y de transporte de sedimento. A escala de cuenca de drenaje, la transferencia de sedimentos ocurre en laderas, entre laderas y canales o dentro de canales. La información sobre la naturaleza y contribución relativa de las fuentes de sedimento es un aspecto clave para diseñar e implementar estrategias de control de la erosión en cuencas de drenaje. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es identificar procesos de erosión y transporte de sedimentos en dos cuencas mediterráneas afectadas por diferentes procesos de cambio global a diferentes escalas espacio-temporales, mejorando las técnicas actuales para la determinación del origen de los sedimentos (es decir, reducir incertidumbres, tiempo y costo) para su mejor implementación en planes de gestión de cuencas de drenaje. Para ello, se investigó la dinámica hidro-sedimentaria y el origen de los sedimentos en dos pequeñas cuencas de drenaje de la isla de Mallorca (España); Sa Font de la Vila -4,8 km2, afectada por incendios forestales - y Es Fangar (3,4 km2), afectada por cambios de usos del suelo. La combinación de la técnica sediment fingerprinting y monitoreo hidro-sedimentario continuo permitió evaluar su dinámica hidro-sedimentaria durante el período de estudio. En Sa Font de la Vila, los resultados mostraron una disminución paulatina de las aportaciones de fuentes quemadas a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que en Es Fangar las aportaciones de las zonas de cultivos dominaron durante todo el período de estudio sin cambios sustanciales. Los rendimientos de sedimentos fueron 6,3 t km2 a-1 y 4,5 t km2 a-1 para Sa Font de la Vila y Es Fangar respectivamente, bajos en comparación con otras cuencas mediterráneas. Esto se atribuyó principalmente a la litología calcárea de las cuencas, los usos del suelo (en Es Fangar), la recuperación de la vegetación (en Sa Font de la Vila) y la presencia de terrazas agrícolas. El uso de parámetros de color como trazadores se evaluó con éxito en las dos cuencas, lo que confirma su idoneidad para su uso como un trazador rápido y económico, incluso en cuencas afectadas por incendios. Además, las fuertes correlaciones entre las medidas tomadas con un espectro-radiómetro y un escáner, hacen del color un trazador muy accesible para su implementación en planes gestión. El experimento sobre conservación de las propiedades de los trazadores mostró variaciones bajas en la mayoría de los trazadores analizados (coeficiente de variación x̄ 8,1 ± 8,8%). Estas fueron generalmente menores que su propia variabilidad espacial dentro de la cuenca (coeficiente de variación x̄ 16,3 ± 18,5%). Además, los parámetros de color fueron los trazadores menos variables (i.e. más conservadores) con un coeficiente de variación de 2,6 ± 2,2%. Finalmente, no fue posible identificar los patrones de activación de diferentes fuentes de sedimentos combinando el monitoreo hidro-sedimentario y sediment fingerprinting. Esto fue causado principalmente por la estabilidad de la cuenca de Es Fangar en términos de origen de sedimentos en suspensión. La estabilidad de las fuentes de sedimentos se atribuyó a las características litológicas, usos del suelo y la presencia de terrazas agrícolas en el área de estudio. Sin embargo, eventos de mayor magnitud podrían superar los umbrales de (des)conectividad sedimentaria del resto de fuentes consideradas y activarlas. Los resultados que presenta esta tesis son relevantes y suponen un avance en la optimización de la técnica sediment fingerprinting. Pese a algunas limitaciones que se han de seguir investigando, se demostró que la combinación de monitoreo hidro-sedimentario y sediment fingerprinting es de gran utilidad para los planes de gestión integrada de cuencas de drenaje Mediterráneas.
[cat] L'erosió és un procés natural que comprèn la meteorització, transport i dipòsit de partícules sòl. Aquests processos són essencials dins dels cicles geoquímics terrestres. No obstant això, els efectes in situ i ex situ de l'erosió es consideren una de les causes més importants de la degradació de la qualitat en ecosistemes terrestres i aquàtics. Les característiques de la regió mediterrània estan marcades per relacions complexes entre variables naturals, humanes, biòtiques i abiòtiques. A més, una distribució irregular de les pluges, una marcada estacionalitat i les característiques fisiogràfiques del paisatge promouen respostes divergents en les taxes d'erosió i la producció de sediments. En aquest context, la conca Mediterrània presenta els rendiments de sediment més alts de tot Europa. A més, es perfila com un punt crític de la dinàmica del Canvi Global, especialment pel que fa a el Canvi Climàtic i usos del sòl, la qual cosa podria generar un augment dels processos erosius i de transport de sediment. A escala de conca de drenatge, la transferència de sediments es dona en vessants, entre vessants i canals o dins els canals. La informació sobre la naturalesa i contribució relativa de les fonts de sediment és un aspecte clau per dissenyar i implementar estratègies de control de l'erosió en conques de drenatge. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és identificar processos d'erosió i transport de sediments en dues conques mediterrànies afectades per diferents processos de Canvi Global a diferents escales espai-temporals, millorant les tècniques actuals per a la determinació de l'origen dels sediments (és a dir, reduir incerteses, temps i cost) per a la seva millor implementació en plans de gestió de conques de drenatge. Per a això, es va investigar la dinàmica hidro-sedimentària i l'origen dels sediments en dos petites conques de drenatge de l’illa de Mallorca (Espanya); Sa Font de la Vila -4,8 km2, afectada per incendis forestals - i Es Fangar (3,4 km2), afectada per canvis d'usos del sòl. La combinació de la tècnica sediment fingerprinting i monitoratge hidro-sedimentari va permetre avaluar la seva dinàmica hidro-sedimentària durant el període d'estudi. A Sa Font de la Vila, els resultats van mostrar una disminució gradual de les aportacions de fonts cremades al llarg del temps, mentre que a Es Fangar les aportacions de fonts de cultius van dominar durant tot el període d'estudi sense canvis substancials. Els rendiments de sediments van ser 6,3 t km2 a-1 i 4,5 t km2 a-1 per a Sa Font de la Vila i Es Fangar respectivament, baixos en comparació amb altres conques mediterrànies. Això es va atribuir principalment a la litologia calcària de les conques hidrogràfiques, els usos de terra (a Es Fangar), la recuperació de la vegetació (a Sa Font de la Vila) i la presència de terrasses agrícoles. L'ús de paràmetres de color com a traçadors es va avaluar amb èxit en les dues conques, la qual cosa confirma la seva idoneïtat per al seu ús com un traçador ràpid i econòmic, fins i tot en conques afectades per incendis. A més, les fortes correlacions entre les mesures preses amb un espectre-radiòmetre i un escàner, fan del color un traçador molt accessible per a la seva implementació en plans gestió. L'experiment sobre conservació de les propietats dels traçadors, va mostrar variacions baixes en la majoria dels traçadors analitzats (coeficient de variació x̄ 8,1 ± 8,8%). Aquestes van ser generalment menors que la seva pròpia variabilitat espacial dins de la conca (coeficient de variació x̄ 16,3 ± 18,5%). A més, els paràmetres de color van ser els traçadors menys variables (i.e. més conservadors) amb un coeficient de variació de 2,6 ± 2,2%. Finalment, no va ser possible identificar els patrons d'activació de diferents fonts de sediments combinant el monitoratge hidro-sedimentari i sediment fingerprinting. Això va ser causa principalment a l'estabilitat de la conca d'Es Fangar en termes d'origen de sediments en suspensió. L'estabilitat de les fonts de sediments s'atribueix a les característiques litològiques, usos de sòl i la presència de terrasses agrícoles en l'àrea d'estudi. No obstant això, esdeveniments de major magnitud podrien superar els llindars de (des)connectivitat sedimentària de la resta de fonts considerades i activar-les. Els resultats que presenta aquesta tesi són rellevants i suposen un avanç en l'optimització de la tècnica sediment fingerprinting. Malgrat algunes limitacions que s'han de seguir investigant, es va demostrar que la combinació de monitorització hidro-sedimentari i sediment fingerprinting és de gran utilitat per als plans de gestió integrada de conques de drenatge Mediterrànies.
Ntakumba, Stanley Sixolile. "The hydrogeomorphology of the Featherstone Kloof Catchment". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007862.
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Timanywa, Jofta. "From Water to Resource: A Case of Stakeholders' Involvement in Usangu Catchment, Tanzania". Thesis, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18663.
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High pressure on water from competing users has changed the past perception of water as gift to water as a resource that requires sustainable management. Management of water resource needs active stakeholders’ involvement for its sustainability. Many organizations along with the national water policy have been calling for active stakeholders’ involvement for management of the resource. In Usangu catchment conflicts over accessing water between farmers and pastoralists and between upstream and downstream have been common. Water allocation in the catchment has been done without involving stakeholders and adequate consideration of the rivers’ carrying capacity. This study focuses on stakeholders’ involvement in Usangu catchment. Six villages in three sub-catchments were studied and data were collected using questionnaire through face to face interview and focus group discussion. The study found that there is limited stakeholders’ involvement in Usangu catchment. In some places involvement is at basic stage, in other places there is no involvement. Interaction within stakeholders’ category was documented, while no stakeholders’ interaction between sub-catchments was discovered. Moreover, some challenges for active involvement were noted, such as lack of coordination between institutions operating in the catchment, high illiteracy rate and lack of awareness, and with lack of legislation support. The issue of limited stakeholders’ involvement in Usangu catchment is complicated, there is no single and comprehensive solution; integration of different approaches which are cross-sectoral in nature is needed for sustainable water management.
Ward, David Jefford. "People, fire, forest and water in Wungong: the landscape ecology of a West Australian water catchment". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2006.
Texto completoMeyles, Erik W. "Hillslope and watershed scale hydrological processes and grazing management in a Dartmoor catchment, Southwest England". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/387.
Texto completoWillis, Naomi. "The effects of water table drawdown and catchment management on DOC export and water quality". Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-water-table-drawdown-and-catchment-management-on-doc-export-and-water-quality(5aaed6e2-4023-484c-8ccc-a4e98505d795).html.
Texto completoMugford, John S. "Towards an equitable land-use policy in the Mount Bold catchment of South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm951.pdf.
Texto completoMoses, Mariana. "An investigation into the negative external impact of water pollution, public policy options and coping strategies --with specific references to the Lotus River Catchment area". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Texto completoBier, Anthony Friedrich. "Using artificial tracers to observe timing of runoff from different landscape units in a small headwater catchment". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2345.
Texto completoForrest, Keith. "Admissions to schools - LEA policy and practice : a study of the management implications for LEAs in England and Wales in their role as admissions authority for county and voluntary controlled schools". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388839.
Texto completoKeogh, Andrew James, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology y School of Applied and Environmental Sciences. "Systems management of Glenbrook Lagoon, New South Wales". THESIS_FST_AES_Keogh_A.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/423.
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Delfan, Azari Shabnam. "Carbon management and scenario planning at the landscape scale with GIS in Tamar Valley catchment, England". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/918.
Texto completoPatterson, R. G. "A study of the soils and agronomy of a high country catchment". Lincoln University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1315.
Texto completoArbuthnott, Alison Gail. "An investigation into the effects of catchment processes on the water quality of southern chalk rivers". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367967.
Texto completoKanyerere, T. "Assessment of groundwater management for domestic use from IWRM perspective in upper Limphasa river catchment, Malawi". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4055.
Texto completoThe research problem for this study is the limited and unsuccessful implementation of the IWRM concept. This thesis has argued that comprehensive assessment of physical and socioeconomic conditions is essential to provide explanation on factors that limit the successful execution of the IWRM approach. It has further argued that the local IWRM works as proxy for full and successful implementation of the IWRM approach.To contextualise this thesis, the prevailing physical and socioeconomic factors in Malawi in relation to current management and usage of water resources were explained.With 1,321m3 per capita per year against index thresholds of 1,700-1,000m3 per capita per year, this study showed that Malawi is a physically water stressed country but not physically water scarce country although economically it is a water scarce country. This novelty is against some literature that present Malawi as a water abundant country.Again, this study showed that executing a full and successful IWRM in Malawi remains a challenge because of the prevailing socioeconomic situation in terms of water policies,water laws, institutions and management instruments. These aspects have not been reformed and harmonised to facilitate a successful operation of the IWRM approach.The main water-related problem in Malawi is the mismanagement of the available water resources. This is largely due to the lack of implementing management approaches which can generate systematic data for practical assessment of water resources to guide the coordinated procedure among water stakeholders working in catchments. This lack of implementing a coordinated management approach commonly known as integrated water resources management (IWRM) can be attributed to various reasons that includei) lack of comprehensive assessment of factors that can explain lack of successful IWRM implementation at catchment level and ii) lack of methods to demonstrate data generation and analysis on quantity, quality and governance of water that show practical operation of IWRM at community level using groundwater as a showcase among others.This study revealed that introducing local IWRM requires a prior knowledge of the evolution and role of the full IWRM concept in the international water policy which aimed at addressing broader developmental objectives. Globally, the current status of the IWRM concept has potential to address such broader developmental objectives, but sustaining IWRM projects where they have been piloted showed slow progress. Basing on the factors that slow such a progress, local IWRM approach has emerged as a proxy to execute the full IWRM as demonstrated in chapter 8 in this thesis. However, the observed lack of sustainable resources to fund continual functioning of local IWRM activities will defeat its potential solution to water management challenges. The main threat for sustainable local IWRM activities is the tendency of national governments to decentralise roles and responsibilities to local governments and communities without the accompanying financial resources to enable the implementation of the local participation, investments and initiatives at local level. If this tendency could be reversed, the contribution by local IWRM towards solving management problems in the water sector will be enormous. Chapter four has provided the general case-study approach used in this study in terms of research design, data collection methods, data analysis methods, ethical consideration and limitation of the current study within the context of water resource management with a focus on groundwater management.Using geologic map, satellite images, photographs and hydrogeologic conceptual model, the following results emerged: 1) that the Upper Limphasa River catchment has fractured rock aquifer with limited permeability and storage capacity; 2) The topographic nature and north-south strikes of the lineaments explained the north-south flow direction of groundwater in the catchment; 3) The drainage system observed in the Kandoli and Kaning’ina Mountains to the east and west of the Upper Limphasa River catchment respectively (Fig. 5.1; Fig.5.2) formed a groundwater recharge boundary; 4)The regional faults in the same mountains (Fig. 5.1; Fig.5.2) formed structural boundar as well as hydrogeologic boundary which controlled flow direction of the groundwater;5) the hydrogeologic conceptual model showed the existence of the forested weathered bedrock in the upland areas of the entire catchment which formed no-flow boundary and groundwater divide thereby controlling the water flow direction downwards (Fig. 5.9);6) The major agricultural commercial activities existed in Lower Limphasa catchment while only subsistence farming existed in Upper Limphasa catchment. This knowledge and visualization from the map (Fig. 5.3) and conceptual model (Fig.5.9) showed interactions between upland and lowland areas and the role of physical factors in controlling groundwater flow direction in the catchment. It also provided the enlightenment on implications of socioeconomic farming activities on water management. These insights enabled this study to recommend the need for expedited implementation of holistic effective management for sustainable water utilization.Using different physical factors, water scarcity indices and methodologies, this study showed that Malawi is a physically water stressed as well as an economic water scarce country. This novelty is against some literature that present Malawi as a water abundant country. Again, despite the high proportion (85%) of Malawians relying on groundwater resource, groundwater availability (storage in km3) is relatively low (269 km3 in Table 6.10) compared to other countries within SADC and Africa. Given the complexity of groundwater abstraction, the available groundwater for use is further reduced for Malawians who depend on such a resource for their domestic and productive livelihoods. Such insights provided the basis for discussing the need for IWRM.Although daily statistics on groundwater demand (i: 21.20 litres; 116.91 litres;80,550.99 litres), use (ii: 16.8 litres; 92.55 litres; 63,766.95 litres) and abstracted but not used (iii: 4.4; 24.36; 16,784.04 litres) were relatively low per person, per household and per sub-catchment respectively, such statistics when calculated on monthly basis (i.Demand: 636 litres; 3,507.30 litres; 2,416,529.70 litres; ii.Use:504 litres; 2,776.5 litres;1, 913, 008.5 litres iii. Abstracted but not used: 132 litres; 730 litres; 503, 521.2); and on yearly basis (i. Demand: 7,632 litres; 42,087.6 litres; 28,998,356.4 litres; ii. Use: 6,048 litres; 33,318 litres; 22, 956, 102 litres; iii: Abstracted but not used: 1,584 litres; 8,769.6 litres; 6,042,254.4 litres) per person, per household and per sub-catchment provided huge amount of groundwater (Table 6.5). Given the limited storage capacity of fractured rock aquifer in the basement complex geology, the monthly and yearly groundwater demand and use on one hand and abstracted but not used on the other was considered enormous. With the population growth rate of 2.8 for Nkhata Bay (NSO, 2009) and the observed desire to intensify productive livelihoods activities coupled with expected negative effects of climate change, the need to implement IWRM approach for such groundwater resource in the study catchment remains imperative and is urgently needed.In addition to identifying and describing factors that explain the limited groundwater availability in the study catchment, the study developed a methodology for calculating groundwater demand, use and unused at both households and sub-catchment levels.This methodology provided step-by-step procedure for collecting data on groundwater demand and use as a tool that would improve availability of data on groundwater.Implications of such results for IWRM in similar environments were discussed. Despite the time-consuming procedure involved in using the developed methodology, the calculations are simple and interpretation of results is easily understood among various stakeholders. Hence, such an approach is recommended for the IWRM approach which requires stakeholders from various disciplines to interact and collaborate. Nonetheless, this recommends the use of this method as its further refinement is being sought. The analysis on groundwater quality has shown that the dominant water type in the aquifers of Upper Limphasa catchment was Ca-HCO3, suggesting that the study area had shallow, fresh groundwater with recent recharged aquifer. Analyses on physicochemical parameters revealed that none of the sampled boreholes (BHs) and protected shallow dug wells (PSWs) had physical or chemical concentration levels of health concern when such levels were compared with 2008-World Health Organisation(WHO) guidelines and 2005-Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS). Conversely, although the compliance with 2008-WHO and 2005-MBS of pathogenic bacteria (E.coli) in BHs water was 100% suggesting that water from BHs had low risk and free from bacteriological contamination, water from PSWs showed 0% compliance with 2008-WHO and 2005-MBS values implying high risk to human health. The overall assessment on risk to health classification showed that PSWs were risky sources to supply potable water, hence the need to implement strategies that protect groundwater.On the basis of such findings, the analysis in this study demonstrated the feasibility of using IWRM approach as a platform for implementing environmental and engineering interventions through education programmes to create and raise public awareness on groundwater protection and on the need for collaborative efforts to implement protective measures for their drinking water sources. The use of different analytical methods which were applied to identify the exact sources of the observed contaminants in the PSWs proved futile. Therefore, this study concluded that rolling-out PSWs either as improved or safe sources of drinking water requires further detailed investigations.However, this research recommended using rapid assessment of drinking water-quality (RADWQ) methods for assessing the quality of groundwater sources for drinking. Despite the study area being in the humid climatic region with annual rainfall above 1,000 mm, many of the physical factors were not favourable for availability of more groundwater in the aquifers. Such observation provided compelling evidence in this study to commend the local IWRM as a proxy for the full IWRM implementation for sustainable utilization of such waters. Although institutional arrangements, water laws and water policy were found problematic to facilitate a successful implementation of full IWRM at national level in Malawi, this thesis demonstrated that local institutional arrangements, coordination among institutions, data collection efforts by local community members (active participation), self-regulation among local community committees were favourable conditions for a successful local IWRM in the Upper Limphasa River catchment. This research recommends continuation of such local participation, investment and initiatives as proxy for the full and successful IWRM beyond the study catchment. However, the observed lack of financial resource from central government to facilitates local IWRM activities were seen as counterproductive.In addition, this thesis recommended further studies which should aim at improving some observed negative implications of self-regulations on community members and the limited decentralisation elements from the Department of Water Development.Finally, one of the contributions from this study is the scientific value in using different methods to assess the quality of groundwater as presented in chapter 7. The second value is the demonstration of applying practical techniques to evaluate factors that explain the amount of groundwater storage in the aquifers that can be understood by water scientists, water users, water developers and water managers to implement IWRM collaboratively using groundwater as a showcase. The third contribution is the provision of the procedure to systematically generate data on demand (abstraction) and use of groundwater in unmetered rural areas which has the potential to guide water allocation process in the catchment. Fourthly, the thesis has provided a hydrogeologic conceptual model for the first time for Limphasa River catchment to be used as a visual tool for planning and developing management practices and addressing current water problems.Fifthly, the study has shown how local IWRM works at community level as a proxy for the full implementation of IWRM despite the absence of Catchment Management Agencies. The last contribution is the dissemination of results from this study made through publications and conference presentations as outlined in the appendix.