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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Catchment loading"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

Bärlund, I., K. Rankinen, M. Järvinen, E. Huitu, N. Veijalainen, and L. Arvola. "Three approaches to estimate inorganic nitrogen loading under varying climatic conditions from a headwater catchment in Finland." Hydrology Research 40, no. 2-3 (April 1, 2009): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.058.

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Inorganic nitrogen loading was simulated using two dynamic catchment scale models, Integrated Nutrients in Catchments–Nitrogen (INCA-N) and the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF). The simulated N loading was compared to a standard method to calculate annual loading using measured discharge and discharge-weighted concentrations. The main aim of the study was to compare these three estimation approaches with regards to their performance in hydrologically variable years in a small headwater catchment in southern Finland. Inter-annual variability of INCA-N and GWLF was compared with me

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2

Reader, H. E., C. A. Stedmon, and E. S. Kritzberg. "Seasonal contribution of terrestrial organic matter and biological oxygen demand to the Baltic Sea from three contrasting river catchments." Biogeosciences 11, no. 12 (June 27, 2014): 3409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3409-2014.

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Abstract. To examine the potential influence of terrestrially derived DOM on the Baltic Sea, a year-long study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was performed in three river catchments in Sweden. One catchment drains into the Bothnian Sea, while two southern catchments drain into the Baltic proper. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were positively correlated with discharge from forested catchments over the year. While the overall concentrations of DOC were several times higher in the southern two catchments, higher discharge in the northern catchment resulted in the annual loadings

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3

Rankinen, Katri, Eila Turtola, Riitta Lemola, Martyn Futter, and José Enrique Cano Bernal. "Nutrient Load Mitigation with Wintertime Cover as Estimated by the INCA Model." Water 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040450.

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Increased nutrient loading causes deterioration of receiving surface waters in areas of intensive agriculture. While nitrate and particulate phosphorus load can be efficiently controlled by reducing tillage frequency and increasing vegetation cover, many field studies have shown simultaneously increased loading of bioavailable phosphorus. In the latest phase of the Rural Programme of EU agri-environmental measures, the highest potential to reduce the nutrient loading to receiving waters were the maximum limits for fertilization of arable crops and retaining plant cover on fields with, e.g., no

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4

Reader, H. E., C. A. Stedmon, and E. S. Kritzberg. "Seasonal contribution of terrestrial organic matter and biological oxygen demand to the Baltic Sea from three contrasting river catchments." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 22, 2014): 1355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1355-2014.

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Abstract. To examine the potential influence of terrestrially derived DOM on the Baltic Sea, a year-long study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was performed in three river catchments in Sweden. One catchment drains into the Bothnian Sea, while two southern catchments drain into the Baltic Proper. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were positively correlated with discharge from forested catchments over the year and while the overall concentrations of DOC were several times higher in the southern two catchments, annual loading of DOC was on the same order for all three catchments, d

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5

Acharya, Sudip. "Land use and land cover changes in the catchments impact the ecosystem in Phewa, Begnas, and Rupa lakes, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 60 (September 16, 2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v60i0.31267.

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Lakes are the environmental and socioeconomic assets of Nepal. In the past few decades, land use and land cover (LULC) change has severely altered the lake ecosystems. The sediment and nutrients loading into the lakes have altered lake ecosystem significantly. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variations of LULC change and examines its impact on lake environment of Phewa, Begnas and Rupa lakes during 1975–2018 by using Landsat satellite images and data from published literatures. Results showed that from 1975 to 2018, forest cover and agriculture land in catchments of all three lakes has

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6

Kubiak, Jacek, Sylwia Machula, Dorota Oszkinis, and Dominik Rokicki. "Anthropogenic pressure on the largest lakes of the River Tywa catchment." Limnological Review 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/limre-2017-0012.

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Abstract The largest lakes of the River Tywa basin i.e. Strzeszowskie, Dołgie, Swobnica and Dłużec (north-west Poland, West Pomeranian Lakeland) were studied in the period 2008–2013, usually in a six week cycle. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of anthropogenic pressure on the lakes. Anthropogenic pressure was assessed against the natural vulnerability of lakes to degradation and the actual rate of eutrophication, with particular consideration of the catchment areas. Catchments of the studied lakes were classified as III class – catchment with moderate possibility of matter sup

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7

Engstrom, Daniel R. "Influence of Vegetation and Hydrology on the Humus Budgets of Labrador Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-154.

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A mass-balance approach is used to explore the effect of several hydrologic and geographic variables on humic matter concentrations in surface waters of Labrador–Ungava. Water-color measurements from 67 dilute oligotrophic lakes are used to evaluate model predictions of aquatic humus concentration from basin hydrology, catchment vegetation, and internal loss rates. The major trend in water color in the Labrador region — increasing north to south — results from differences in external humus loading from catchment vegetation and soils. Hydrologic influences on aquatic humus concentrations reside

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8

Kronvang, B., P. Græsbøll, S. E. Larsen, L. M. Svendsen, and H. E. Andersen. "Diffuse nutrient losses in Denmark." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0491.

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Since 1989, nutrient loading of the Danish aquatic environment has been monitored in 270 Danish streams draining catchment areas differing in climate, physico-geographic and land usage. Diffuse nutrient loading from non-point sources (mainly agricultural) is now the main cause of eutrophication of the Danish aquatic environment; thus in 1993, diffuse sources accounted for 94% of riverine nitrogen loading and 52% of riverine phosphorus loading. Annual riverine total nitrogen (total-N) loading from diffuse sources during the period 1989-93 was on average 10 times greater in 66 small agricultural

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9

Wang, Kunyang, Shin-ichi Onodera, and Mitsuyo Saito. "Evaluation of nitrogen loading in the last 80 years in an urbanized Asian coastal catchment through the reconstruction of severe contamination period." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 014010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3ced.

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Abstract Most semi-enclosed seas have experienced severe eutrophication owing to high nutrient loading from rivers during rapid population growth periods. In Japan, the coastal areas of some megacities (e.g. Tokyo and Osaka) experienced considerable economic growth during the 1960s–1970s. Therefore, determining the amount of nutrient loading during this period is essential to undertake measures for the conservation of coastal environments. However, determining the nutrient loading that occurred several decades ago is generally difficult owing to lacking water quality records. In this study, th

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10

Thomas, Z., B. W. Abbott, O. Troccaz, J. Baudry, and G. Pinay. "Proximate and ultimate controls on carbon and nutrient dynamics of small agricultural catchments." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2015): 15337–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15337-2015.

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Abstract. Direct and indirect effects from agriculture, urbanization, and resource extraction have dramatically increased nutrient loading to aquatic inland and estuarine ecosystems. The capacity of a watershed to remove or retain nutrients is a function of biotic and abiotic conditions across the terrestrial-aquatic gradient including soil, groundwater, riparian zone, and surface water. The goal of this study was to identify proximate and ultimate controls on dissolved organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in small agricultural catchments. We analysed a five-year, high frequency water chemistr

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11

Smedberg, E., C. Humborg, M. Jakobsson, and C. M. Mörth. "Landscape elements and river chemistry as affected by river regulation – a 3-D perspective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 6 (November 27, 2008): 3355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-3355-2008.

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Abstract. We tested the hypothesis whether individual land classes within a river catchment contribute equally to river loading with dissolved constituents or whether some land classes act as "hot spots" to river loading and if so, are these land classes especially affected by hydrological alterations. The amount of land covered by forests and wetlands and the average soil depth of a river catchment explain 58–93% of the variability in total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved silicate (DSi) concentrations for 22 river catchments in Northern Sweden. Whereas only 3% of the headwater areas of the

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12

Ferguson, C. M., N. J. Ashbolt, and D. A. Deere. "Prioritisation of catchment management in the Sydney catchment - construction of a pathogen budget." Water Supply 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0025.

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A methodology has been developed to apply the materials budget concept, used in sediment and nutrient studies, to construct a pathogen budget for drinking water catchments, taking into consideration pathogen origin, deposition, inactivation and movement within a catchment. These processes can be described in terms of stocks (pathogens) and flows (movement of stocks). In south-eastern Australia, the majority of pathogen loading to major tributaries was predicted to occur during and after high intensity rainfall events where in-stream resuspension was not of great relative importance. In contras

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13

Müller-Wohlfeil, Dirk-I., Chong-Yu Xu, and Hans Legard Iversen. "Estimation of Monthly River Discharge from Danish Catchments." Hydrology Research 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 295–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2003.0009.

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To simulate the nutrient loading of Danish coastal waters, river discharge from unmonitored areas must be assessed. In an attempt to identify the most suitable method, for this purpose eight different versions of the three-parameter monthly water balance model “MWB-3” were tested on data from various Danish catchments for the period 1989-97. The model with the highest R2 and the lowest correlation between the model parameters was chosen for subsequent establishment of regression equations between the model parameters and catchment and climate characteristics. The most important explanatory var

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14

Thomas, Zahra, Benjamin W. Abbott, Olivier Troccaz, Jacques Baudry, and Gilles Pinay. "Proximate and ultimate controls on carbon and nutrient dynamics of small agricultural catchments." Biogeosciences 13, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 1863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016.

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Abstract. Direct and indirect effects from human activity have dramatically increased nutrient loading to aquatic inland and estuarine ecosystems. Despite an abundance of studies investigating the impact of agricultural activity on water quality, our understanding of what determines the capacity of a watershed to remove or retain nutrients remains limited. The goal of this study was to identify proximate and ultimate controls on dissolved organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in small agricultural catchments by investigating the relationship between catchment characteristics, stream discharge,

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15

Dabrowski, J. M. "Applying SWAT to predict ortho-phosphate loads and trophic status in four reservoirs in the upper Olifants catchment, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 7 (July 16, 2014): 2629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2629-2014.

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Abstract. Excessive phosphate loading in the upper Olifants River, South Africa has resulted in widespread eutrophication and associated ecosystem health impacts. The majority of sewage treatment works (STWs) are operating poorly and are likely an important source of bioavailable ortho-phosphate (OP) in the catchment. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to identify important sources of OP loading in the catchment and to predict changes in the trophic status of four reservoirs associated with three STW effluent OP standards (the current average of 4 mg L−1 and standards of 1 and 0.1

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16

Dabrowski, J. M. "Applying SWAT to predict orthophosphate loads and trophic status in four reservoirs in the upper Olifants catchment, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2013): 13635–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13635-2013.

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Abstract. Excessive phosphate loading in the upper Olifants River, South Africa has resulted in widespread eutrophication and associated ecosystem health impacts. The majority of sewage treatment works (STWs) are operating poorly and are likely an important source of bioavailable orthophosphate (OP) in the catchment. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used to identify important sources of OP loading in the catchment and predict changes in the trophic status of four reservoirs associated with three STWs effluent OP standards; (current average of 4 mg L−1 and standards of 1 and 0.1 mg L−

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17

Smedberg, E., C. Humborg, M. Jakobsson, and C. M. Mörth. "Landscape elements and river chemistry as affected by river regulation – a 3-D perspective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2009): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1597-2009.

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Abstract. We tested the hypothesis whether individual land classes within a river catchment contribute equally to river loading with dissolved constituents or whether some land classes act as "hot spots" to river loading and if so, are these land classes especially affected by hydrological alterations. The amount of land covered by forests and wetlands and the average soil depth (throughout this paper soil refers to everything overlying bedrock i.e. regolith) of a river catchment explain 58–93% of the variability in total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved silicate (DSi) concentrations for 22

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18

Allan, Craig J. "Hydrochemical response of upland Precambrian Shield catchments to additions off H2SO4 and NH4NO3 during snowmelt." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 2213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-814.

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Two of three upland Precambrian Shield catchments received additions of H2SO4 and NH4NO3 prior to snowmelt in 1989 and 1990; loading levels were equivalent to 18 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1 as SO42− and 2.62 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1 as N. The third catchment served as a reference. The manipulated catchments retained 96–98% of the added NH4+, 73–94% of the added NO3−, 31–48% of the added SO42−, and 72–92% of the added H+. Proton neutralization was attributed to increased cation export (Ca2+ + Mg2+ + Na+ + K+ + Aln+ + Mn2+ + Fe2+: 26–53%) and SO42− retention (48–67%). The protonation of weak organic acids accounted for a

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19

Lassaletta, L., E. Romero, G. Billen, J. Garnier, H. García-Gómez, and J. V. Rovira. "Spatialized N budgets in a large agricultural Mediterranean watershed: high loading and low transfer." Biogeosciences 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2012): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-57-2012.

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Abstract. Despite the particular management practices and climate characteristics of the Mediterranean regions, the literature dealing with N budgets in large catchments subjected to Mediterranean conditions is scarce. The present study aims to deepen our knowledge on the N cycle within the Ebro River Basin (NE Spain) by means of two different approaches: (1) calculating a global N budget in the Ebro River Basin and (2) calculating a series of detailed regional budgets at higher geographical resolution. N inputs and outputs were spatialized by creating a map based on the most detailed informat

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20

Hansen, O. B., C. Jacobsen, P. Harremoës, and P. Skat Nielsen. "Stormwater Loading of Greater Copenhagen Sewage Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0485.

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The study presented in this paper deals with the computation of the increased hydraulic loading of the treatment plants in the Greater Copenhagen area due to the installation of more storage capacity in the combined sewer system in the future. A mathematical model is set up for the entire sewer catchment and predictions of future increased hydraulic loadings are made for various development scenarios. The computed inflow conditions are presented on a statistical form. The results show a significant increase in the hydraulic loading of the plants due to increased storage volume in the sewer sys

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21

Sokolov, Serguei, and Kerry P. Black. "Long-term prediction of water quality for three types of catchment." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 6 (1999): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98069.

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A simple dynamic model relating the temporal change of the total mass of chemicals in a catchment to the chemical loading in the river provides high-accuracy predictions of absolute and time- integrated chemical loads. The developed model is able to reproduce effectively and simultaneously for all considered time scales the observed hysteresis in the relationship between chemical concentration in stream water and river discharge. Three types of catchment have been examined for long-term modelling: a local urban streamwater catchment, a transition urban–agricultural catchment and a large catchm

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22

Yu, M. C. L., I. Cartwright, J. L. Braden, and S. T. de Bree. "Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using <sup>222</sup>Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens River, southeast Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 24, 2013): 5225–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-5225-2013.

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Abstract. Radon (222Rn) and major ion geochemistry were used to define and quantify the catchment-scale river-aquifer interactions along the Ovens River in the southeast Murray-Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia, between September 2009 and October 2011. The Ovens River is characterized by the transition from a single channel river residing within a mountain valley in the upper catchment to a multi-channel meandering river on flat alluvial plains in the lower catchment. Overall, the river is dominated by gaining reaches, receiving groundwater from both alluvial and basement aquifers. The distri

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23

Nõges, T., R. Laugaste, E. Loigu, I. Nedogarko, B. Skakalski, and P. Nõges. "Is the destabilisation of lake Peipsi ecosystem caused by increased phosphorus loading or decreased nitrogen loading?" Water Science and Technology 51, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2005): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0600.

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Lake Peipsi (3,555 km2, mean depth 7.1 m) located on the border of Estonia and Russia is the largest transboundary lake in Europe. L. Peipsi consists of three parts. The shared largest northern part L. Peipsi s.s. (2,611 km2, 8.3 m) and the southern L. Pihkva (708 km2, 3.8 m) which belongs mainly to Russia are connected by the river-shaped L. Lämmijärv (236 km2, 2.5 m). The catchment area (44,245 km2 without lake area) is shared between Estonia (33.3%), Russia (58.6%) and Latvia (8%). Intensive eutrophication of L. Peipsi started in the 1970s. The biomass of N2-fixing cyanobacteria was low at

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24

TATTARI, S., J. KOSKIAHO, and I. BÄRLUND. "Testing a river basin model with sensitivity analysis and autocalibration for an agricultural catchment in SW Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 18, no. 3-4 (January 3, 2009): 428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5966.

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Modeling tools are needed to assess (i) the amounts of loading from agricultural sources to water bodies as well as (ii) the alternative management options in varying climatic conditions. These days, the implementation of Water Framework Directive (WFD) has put totally new requirements also for modeling approaches. The physically based models are commonly not operational and thus the usability of these models is restricted for a few selected catchments. But the rewarding feature of these process-based models is an option to study the effect of protection measures on a catchment scale and, up t

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25

Etheridge, J. R., F. Birgand, M. R. Burchell II, A. Lepistö, K. Rankinen, and K. Granlund. "Technical Note: Alternative in-stream denitrification equation for the INCA-N model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 29, 2013): 14557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14557-2013.

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Abstract. The Integrated Catchment model for Nitrogen (INCA-N) is a semi-distributed, process based model that has been used to model the impacts of land use, climate, and land management changes on hydrology and nitrogen loading. An observed problem with the INCA-N model is reproducing low nitrate-nitrogen concentrations during the summer growing season in some catchments. In this study, the current equation used to simulate the rate of in-stream denitrification was replaced with an alternate equation that uses a mass transfer coefficient and the stream bottom area. The results of simulating

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26

Noh, N. S. M., L. M. Sidek, S. H. Haron, A. H. M. Puad, and Z. Selamat. "Pollutant Loading Analysis of Suspended Solid, Nitrogen and Phosphorus at Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands using MUSIC." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23100.

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This paper aimed to analyze the pollutant loading composition of suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in urban stormwater at Cameron Highlands which known as popular tourism, agriculture and function as reservoir water to generate electricity. Researchers found the urban stormwater quantity modeling has achieved sufficient accuracy benchmark. However, modeling stormwater runoff quality is relatively difficult and largely depends on catchment characteristics/land-uses. Model of Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization (MUSIC) estimates pollutant transport from catchments and stormwat

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27

Yu, M. C. L., I. Cartwright, J. L. Braden, and S. T. de Bree. "Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using <sup>222</sup>Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens River, southeast Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (December 6, 2013): 4907–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4907-2013.

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Abstract. Radon (222Rn) and major ion geochemistry were used to define and quantify the catchment-scale groundwater-surface water interactions along the Ovens River in the southeast Murray–Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia, between September 2009 and October 2011. The Ovens River is characterized by the transition from a single channel within a mountain valley in the upper catchment to a multi-channel meandering river on flat alluvial plains in the lower catchment. Overall, the Ovens River is dominated by gaining reaches, receiving groundwater from both alluvial and basement aquifers. The dis

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28

Hossain, Md Motaleb, Kazuhisa A. Chikita, and Yoshitaka Sakata. "Sediment-Loading Processes in a Forested Catchment: Modeling and Observations." Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 13, no. 02 (2023): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmh.2023.132005.

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29

Wang, Linhua, Haw Yen, Xinhui E, Liding Chen, and Yafeng Wang. "Dissolved organic carbon driven by rainfall events from a semi-arid catchment during concentrated rainfall season in the Loess Plateau, China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 7 (July 25, 2019): 3141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3141-2019.

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Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transported by runoff has been identified as an important role in the global carbon cycle. Despite there being many studies on DOC concentration and flux, little information is available for the semi-arid catchments of the Loess Plateau region (LPR). The primary goal of this study was to quantify DOC exported and driven by a sequence of rainfall events during the concentrated rainfall season. In addition, factors that affect DOC export from a small headwater catchment will be investigated accordingly. Runoff discharge and DOC concentration were monitore

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30

Granlund, K., K. Rankinen, and A. Lepistö. "Testing the INCA model in a small agricultural catchment in southern Finland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2004): 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-717-2004.

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Abstract. Nutrient leaching from agricultural production is still recognised as a major environmental problem in Finland. To estimate agricultural nitrogen loading under changing land-use and climate conditions, the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) was applied in Savijoki, a small (15.4 km2) agricultural catchment, which represents the intensively cultivated areas in south-western Finland. Hydrological calibration and testing of the INCA model was first carried out in Savijoki during 1981–2000. In spite of heterogeneous soil and land-use conditions, INCA was able to reproduce th

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31

Befekadu Kebede, Adisu, Fekadu Fufa Feyessa, and Wakjira Takala Dibaba. "Modeling of Phosphorous Load and Transport Pathways in Dhidhessa Catchment, Oromiya, Ethiopia." International Journal of Environment 8, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v8i3.26614.

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Pollution of surface water with harmful chemicals and eutrophication with excess nutrients are recent serious environmental concerns. This lends the need of knowing the nutrient loading and transport mechanism that will occur with different spatial and temporal extent. Thus, effective information regarding the nutrients load and transport mechanisms are important to hydrologists, water use planners, watershed managers and decision makers for water resource projects and planet ecosystem. Our study aimed for modeling of phosphorous loading and its transport pathways and to identify the most vuln

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32

Ellis, J. B., and D. M. Revitt. "Defining urban diffuse pollution loadings and receiving water hazard." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 11 (June 1, 2008): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.278.

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The use of unit area loading approaches to address the requirements of the US Clean Water Act (CWA) and the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) to identify and manage diffuse urban pollution sources is outlined. Issues relating to traditional volume-concentration probabilistic modelling are highlighted and the robustness of total maximum daily load (TMDL) approaches is discussed. A hazard assessment methodology for catchment scale identification of source area pollutant loadings and receiving water ecological impacts is developed based on urban land use activities.

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33

Lassaletta, L., E. Romero, G. Billen, J. Garnier, H. García-Gómez, and J. V. Rovira. "Spatialized N budgets in a large agricultural Mediterranean watershed: high loading and low transfer." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 29, 2011): 8723–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-8723-2011.

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Abstract. Despite the particular management practices and climate characteristics of the Mediterranean regions, the literature dealing with N budgets in large catchments subjected to Mediterranean conditions is scarce. The present study aims to deepen our knowledge on the N cycle within the Ebro River Basin (NE Spain) by means of two different approaches: (1) calculating a global N budget in the Ebro River Basin and (2) calculating a series of detailed regional budgets at higher geographical resolution. N inputs and outputs were spatialized by creating a map based on the most detailed informat

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Kondratyev, Sergey, and Nathaniel Trumbull. "Nutrient Loading on the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) from the Russian Catchment Area." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-012-0012-5.

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Nutrient Loading on the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) from the Russian Catchment Area The identification and examination of sources of external loading are important pressure indicators for studying the nutrient balance and eutrophication of water bodies. Focusing on the eastern Gulf of Finland, this paper investigates and decomposes the sources of phosphorus, a limiting factor of eutrophication of the Gulf and its accompanying Neva Bay, and of nitrogen as pressure indicators. The eastern Gulf of Finland's catchment basin represents Europe's largest freshwater basin. Both point and non-

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Marttila, Hannu, Ahti Lepistö, Anne Tolvanen, Marianne Bechmann, Katarina Kyllmar, Artti Juutinen, Hannah Wenng, et al. "Potential impacts of a future Nordic bioeconomy on surface water quality." Ambio 49, no. 11 (September 12, 2020): 1722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01355-3.

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Abstract Nordic water bodies face multiple stressors due to human activities, generating diffuse loading and climate change. The ‘green shift’ towards a bio-based economy poses new demands and increased pressure on the environment. Bioeconomy-related pressures consist primarily of more intensive land management to maximise production of biomass. These activities can add considerable nutrient and sediment loads to receiving waters, posing a threat to ecosystem services and good ecological status of surface waters. The potential threats of climate change and the ‘green shift’ highlight the need

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Rankinen, Katri, Pirkko Valpasvuo-Jaatinen, Anni Karhunen, Kaarle Kenttämies, Suvi Nenonen, and Ilona Bärlund. "Simulated nitrogen leaching patterns and adaptation to climate change in two Finnish river basins with contrasting land use and climatic conditions." Hydrology Research 40, no. 2-3 (April 1, 2009): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.059.

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Inorganic nitrogen (N) loading was simulated by the catchment scale INCA-N model from two large river basins with contrasting land use. The main aim was to analyze the timing and origin of inorganic N loading and the effectiveness of different water protection methods. Predicted changes in precipitation and temperature increases the nutrient load from catchments to water bodies in future climate. The total inorganic N load from the forested Simojoki river basin located in northern Finland was about 5% of that from the Loimijoki river basin in south western Finland. In the Loimijoki river basin

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37

Gustafsson, Lars-Göran, Doug J. Lumley, Claes Lindeborg, and Jan Haraldsson. "Integrating a Catchment Simulator into Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1993): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0645.

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A catchment model which describes the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes in the catchment to the Rya wastewater treatment plant in Göteborg, Sweden is presented. The model uses hydrological models (MouseNAM) of 20 subcatchments and a hydrodynamic model (MousePIPE) of the tunnel system to make flow and CSO predictions. The catchment model has been used to evaluate several different operating strategies of the plant's pumping station and will be implemented as an operating tool. Efforts are under way to establish hydraulic and mass transport models for the pumping station and primary settli

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Persson, K., J. Jarsjö, and G. Destouni. "Diffuse hydrological mass transport through catchments: scenario analysis of physical and biogeochemical uncertainty effects." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 12, 2011): 4721–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4721-2011.

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Abstract. This paper develops and investigates the applicability of a scenario analysis approach to quantify and map the effects of physical and biogeochemical variability, cross-correlation and uncertainty on expected hydrological mass loading from diffuse sources. The approach enables identification of conservative assumptions, uncertainty ranges, as well as pollutant/nutrient release locations and situations for which further investigations are most needed in order to reduce the most important uncertainty effects. The present scenario results provide different statistical and geographic dis

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39

Chittleborough, D. J., J. W. Cox, and D. P. Stevens. "Pathways of phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon movement over and through texturally differentiated soils, South Australia." Soil Research 37, no. 4 (1999): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98082.

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One method for preventing the degradation of water supplies through contamination with phosphorus (P), nitrate (NO3), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is to restrict movement of these contaminants from the catchment into water bodies. The purpose of the study was to quantify and characterise the proportion of NO3, P, and DOC moving from duplex soils by overland flow and through-flow on a sub-catchment scale, and to characterise soil properties that influence their movement. Two sites in the Adelaide Hills (South Australia) with contrasting duplex soils were instrumented to collect overland f

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40

Wheater, H. S., D. Peach, and A. Binley. "Characterising groundwater-dominated lowland catchments: the UK Lowland Catchment Research Programme (LOCAR)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-108-2007.

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Abstract. This paper reports on a major UK initiative to address deficiencies in understanding the hydro-ecological response of groundwater-dominated lowland catchments. The scope and objectives of this national programme are introduced and focus on one of three sets of research basins – the Pang/Lambourn Chalk catchments, tributaries of the river Thames in southern England. The motivation for the research is the need to support integrated management of river systems that have high ecological value and are subject to pressures that include groundwater abstraction for water supply, diffuse poll

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LINJAMA, J., M. PUUSTINEN, and J. KOSKIAHO. "Implementation of automatic sensors for continuous monitoring of runoff quantity and quality in small catchments." Agricultural and Food Science 18, no. 3-4 (January 3, 2009): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5957.

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Development of new automatic sensor-based techniques has expanded the possibilities for intensive monitoring of water quality in small catchments. In this study turbidity and concentration of nitrate-N were monitored with probes in the Savijoki catchment, which has been observed with traditional methods for decades. Particular attention was paid to implementation of the equipment, calibration of the probes and calculation methods. All equipment functioned technically well during the one year monitoring period. Calibration of turbidity and nitrate-N proved that the sampled values agree well wit

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42

Verburg, P., J. Horrox, E. Chaney, J. C. Rutherford, J. M. Quinn, R. J. Wilcock, and C. W. Howard-Williams. "Effects of nutrient loading on the trophic state of Lake Brunner." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 5 (2013): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12128.

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Lake Brunner, an oligotrophic monomictic lake on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, is under pressure from urban expansion and increased farming activity, which has led to concern for the effects on water quality in the lake. Epilimnetic nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations have increased since 1992, and Secchi depth decreased. This suggests an increased algal productivity caused by increased nutrient inputs, further supported by increased hypolimnetic oxygen depletion since 1992. These observations are likely to have resulted from enhancement of pasture draina

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MIYAMOTO, Takuto, Kazuhisa A. CHIKITA, Yoshitaka SAKATA, Yasunori OCHIAI, Md Motaleb HOSSAIN, Hideo OHYAGI, and Isao KUDO. "Loading processes of major ions in a forested catchment: Observations and modelling." Journal of Japanese Association of Hydrological Sciences 46, no. 1 (2016): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4145/jahs.46.39.

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44

Morrison, G. M., D. M. Revitt, and J. B. Ellis. "Sources and storm loading variations of metal species in a gullypot catchment." Science of The Total Environment 80, no. 2-3 (May 1989): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90081-8.

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45

Rosli, Nurul Ruhayu Mohd, and Khairun Yahya. "Trends of Sediment Loading in Catchment Areas of Pinang River in Malaysia." APCBEE Procedia 5 (2013): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.023.

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46

Wright, G. G., A. C. Edwards, J. G. Morrice, and K. Pugh. "North East Scotland River Catchment Nitrate Loading in Relation to Agricultural Intensity." Chemistry and Ecology 5, no. 4 (October 1991): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757549108035255.

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47

Persson, K., J. Jarsjö, and G. Destouni. "Diffuse hydrological mass transport through catchments: scenario analysis of coupled physical and biogeochemical uncertainty effects." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 10 (October 20, 2011): 3195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3195-2011.

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Abstract. This paper quantifies and maps the effects of coupled physical and biogeochemical variability on diffuse hydrological mass transport through and from catchments. It further develops a scenario analysis approach and investigates its applicability for handling uncertainties about both physical and biogeochemical variability and their different possible cross-correlation. The approach enables identification of conservative assumptions, uncertainty ranges, as well as pollutant/nutrient release locations and situations for which further investigations are most needed in order to reduce th

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48

Tanner, C. C., M. L. Nguyen, and J. P. S. Sukias. "Constructed wetland attenuation of nitrogen exported in subsurface drainage from irrigated and rain-fed dairy pastures." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 9 (May 1, 2005): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0287.

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Nitrogen removal performance is reported for constructed wetlands treating subsurface drainage from irrigated and rain-fed dairy pastures in North Island, New Zealand. Flow-proportional sampling of inflow and outflow concentrations were combined with continuous flow records to calculate mass balances for the wetlands. Drainage flows from the irrigated catchment were 2.5–4 fold higher and N exports up to 5 fold higher per unit area than for the rain-fed catchment. Hydraulic and associated N loadings to the wetlands were highly pulsed, associated with rainfall, soil water status, and irrigation

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49

Ding, Weitian, Urumu Tsunogai, Fumiko Nakagawa, Takashi Sambuichi, Masaaki Chiwa, Tamao Kasahara, and Ken'ichi Shinozuka. "Stable isotopic evidence for the excess leaching of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate from forested catchments under high nitrogen saturation." Biogeosciences 20, no. 3 (February 16, 2023): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-753-2023.

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Abstract. Owing to the elevated loading of nitrogen through atmospheric deposition, some forested ecosystems become nitrogen saturated, from which elevated levels of nitrate are exported. The average concentration of stream nitrate eluted from upstream and downstream of the Kasuya Research forested catchments (FK1 and FK2 catchments) in Japan were more than 90 µM, implying that these forested catchments were under nitrogen saturation. To verify that these forested catchments were under the nitrogen saturation, we determined the export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate relative to the ent

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Nagafuchi, O., T. Inoue, and S. Ebise. "Runoff pattern of pesticides from paddy fields in the catchment area of Rikimaru reservoir, Japan." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0327.

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Patterns of runoff behaviours in concentration and loading of pesticides from paddy fields have been intensively observed in the catchment area of Rikimaru Reservoir, mainly during the regular application period of fungicide during the summer. The runoff characteristics of three pesticides (pyroquilone, isoprothiolane and flutolanil) from paddy fields to the drainage river differed from one another due to their water solubilities. The linear correlation between the water solubilities and the amounts of pesticide runoff loadings from paddy fields to the drainage river and reservoir during dry w

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