Literatura académica sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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Brouillette, Sarah. "The Northern Irish Novelist in Ronan Bennett's The Catastrophist". Contemporary Literature 48, n.º 2 (2007): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cli.2007.0028.
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Morris, R. "GUSTAVE FLAUBERT'S MADAME BOVARY: A CATASTROPHIST READING OF TIME?" French Studies Bulletin 30, n.º 112 (13 de agosto de 2009): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/frebul/ktp019.
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Manfredini, Beatrice, Carmelina Cristina Zirafa, Gaetano Romano, Elena Bagalà, Claudia Cariello, Federico Davini y Franca Melfi. "Intraoperative Catastrophes during Robotic Lung Resection: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature". Life 13, n.º 1 (12 de enero de 2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010215.
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Background: Robotic surgery is increasingly used in the treatment of lung disease. Intraoperative catastrophes, despite their low incidence, are currently a critical aspect of this approach. This study aims to identify the incidence and management of catastrophic events in patients who underwent robotic anatomical pulmonary resection; (2) Methods: Data from all patients who underwent robotic anatomical pulmonary resection from 2014 to 2021 for lung disease were collected and analyzed. Catastrophic intraoperative events are defined as events that demanded emergency management for life-threatening bleeding, with or without undocking and thoracotomy; (3) Results: Catastrophic events occurred in seven (1.4%) procedures; all of them consisted of vascular damage during lobectomy. Most of the catastrophic events occurred during left upper lobectomies (57%). Patients in this group had a higher ASA class and a higher pathological stage compared to the control group; (4) Conclusions: Intraoperative catastrophes are unpredictable events which also occur in experienced surgical teams. Given the widespread use of robotic surgery, it is essential to develop well-defined crisis management strategies to better manage catastrophic events in robotic thoracic surgery and improve clinical outcomes.
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Hoffman, Mary Ann y Theresa Kruczek. "A Bioecological Model of Mass Trauma". Counseling Psychologist 39, n.º 8 (13 de julio de 2011): 1087–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000010397932.
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Biopsychosocial consequences of catastrophic events create an ongoing need for research that examines the effects of mass traumas, developing psychosocial interventions, and advocacy to address the needs of affected individuals, systems, and communities. Because it is neither possible nor necessarily desirable to intervene with all touched by disasters at an individual level, a systems approach that allows conceptualization and response at the individual, family, community, and societal levels seems optimal. Many of the models commonly used in counseling psychology to explain coping with difficult events focus on individual effects and do not adequately capture the complex, multisystemic effects of large-scale catastrophic events and disasters. A bioecological model of mass trauma, which provides a conceptual framework for understanding the effects, intervening in the aftermath, addressing prevention, and researching aspects of large-scale disasters, catastrophes, and mass traumas, is presented. Relevant literature and illustrative examples from three categories of mass traumas or catastrophic events (disasters, war, and terrorism or violence) that currently contribute to a persistent atmosphere of stress for many are reviewed using the bioecological model. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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Rothe, Delf. "Governing the End Times? Planet Politics and the Secular Eschatology of the Anthropocene". Millennium: Journal of International Studies 48, n.º 2 (12 de diciembre de 2019): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829819889138.
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This article furthers the debate on the political implications of the Anthropocene – the most recent geological epoch marked by catastrophic environmental change – by engaging it through the lens of political theology. The article starts from the observation that discourses on the Anthropocene and related political projects are deeply influenced by a linear temporality and a common orientation towards the threat of the end of time. It distinguishes three competing discourses of the Anthropocene, eco-catastrophism, eco-modernism and planetary realism. The article analyses how these discourses invoke and update key symbols, images, and storylines of Christian political theology. Furthermore, it studies how each discourse mobilises these secularised Christian motifs to promote competing planet political projects. Each of these projects develops a different position towards the unfolding planetary crisis and the related threat of the end of time. Eco-catastrophism calls for a planetary emergency management, eco-modernism promotes ongoing experimentation with the planet, whereas planetary realism translates into what could be called a ‘realpolitik of resilience’. Revealing the Western theological roots of the Anthropocene and planet politics is essential if the emerging literature on the Anthropocene wants to live up to its promise of pluralising and decolonising IR.
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Goldstein, Donna M. "Commentary: Science, Politics, and Risk: Catastrophic Asia from the Perspective of a Brazilianist Anthropologist". Journal of Asian Studies 76, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2017): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000109.
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The four articles in this “Catastrophic Asia” collection, while showcasing distinct disciplinary approaches to the subject of what anthropologist George E. Marcus (1994) might identify as “technopolitical” catastrophes, are united in the attempt to uncover the sociopolitical resonances of “manmade” damage in what we take to be regional Asia. In his bookTechnoscientific Imaginaries, Marcus recognizes that science is deeply political and already embedded in events. In this special section ofJAS, anthropologists join with scholars in the physical and natural sciences to apply this idea to catastrophic phenomena, continuing a transdisciplinary conversation that began in April 2014 at the Catastrophic Asia Symposium at the University of Colorado. Here, I contribute to this transdisciplinary enthusiasm by sharing with readers of an Asia-focused journal my own perspectives on catastrophe as a scholar of Brazil and a cultural anthropologist interested in medical anthropology and critical science studies. Specifically, I consider how experts working on issues related to the Angra dos Reis nuclear energy plant in Brazil—the site of my current research—viewed and discussed the Fukushima nuclear plant meltdown of 2011. By reading the current articles through the lens of my own research, I seek to situate catastrophe within a broader anthropological literature on environmental toxicity.
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Solikhah, Fitriana Kurniasari y Ronal Surya Aditya. "Healing in Nurses After Assignment in Natural Disasters". Folia Medica Indonesiana 58, n.º 4 (5 de diciembre de 2022): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v58i4.37410.
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Highlight : Disasters impact a large number of people, including nurses who are deployed in the disaster relief. Culturally sensitive psychological first aid sessions, post-assignment in crisis situations monitoring, and grit have implications in pushing the nurses to overcome their trauma and obstacles. Government policies are also important in helping nurses to heal after deployment in disaster relief. Abstract : Disasters are defined as catastrophic occurrences that impact a large number of people quickly and with an abrupt onset. On average, one natural disaster is reported globally each day. However, the impact of a traumatic occurrence on an individual may be compared to a rock colliding with the surface of a water body. Systematic searches were conducted in Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The following keywords were used to perform a literature search: "nurse," "healing," and "natural catastrophes". As a result of reviewing 362 abstracts and titles, ten were determined to meet the study goals. The research methods in four of the ten literatures were qualitative, five quantitative, and one was a blend of both. Generally, culturally appropriate psychological first aid sessions, post-natural disaster assignment monitoring, and grit push people to overcome obstacles and accomplish achievements over time. Nurses who have been deployed to natural catastrophes must heal and need time to rest physically and mentally. This study aimed to find out the implications of culturally sensitive psychological first aid sessions, post-assignment in crisis situations monitoring, and grit in pushing individuals to overcome obstacles and achieve success over time; and how the government policies relate to trauma recovery.
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López-López, Samuel, Raúl del Pozo-Rubio, Marta Ortega-Ortega y Francisco Escribano-Sotos. "Catastrophic Household Expenditure Associated with Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Payments in Spain". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 3 (21 de enero de 2021): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030932.
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Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use of health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially in emerging or developing countries. However, it has been the subject of little research in European countries, and is almost nonexistent after the financial crisis of 2008. The aim of the work is to analyze the incidence and intensity of financial catastrophism derived from Spanish households’ out-of-pocket payments associated with health care during the period 2008–2015. Methods. The Household Budget Survey was used and catastrophic measures were estimated, classifying the households into those above the threshold of catastrophe versus below. Three ordered logistic regression models and margins effects were estimated. Results. The results reveal that, in 2008, 4.42% of Spanish households dedicated more than 40% of their income to financing out-of-pocket payments in health, with an average annual gap of EUR 259.84 (DE: EUR 2431.55), which in overall terms amounts to EUR 3939.44 million (0.36% of GDP). Conclusion. The findings of this study reveal the existence of catastrophic households resulting from OOP payments associated with health care in Spain and the need to design financial protection policies against the financial risk derived from facing these types of costs.
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Midorikawa, Saburoh. "A Short Note for Dr. Kobayashi's Review in 1974". Journal of Disaster Research 1, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2006): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0210.
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Sediment induced disasters have been studied in a wide variety of research fields ranging from social to natural science, with many interesting results. This special issue provides engineers and scientists with an opportunity to share knowledge and experience in engineering research concerning mass sediment movement and related disasters. To clarify this issue’s objectives and encourage submissions, topics have been discussed based on the needs, activities, and possible contributors classified into four categories: 1) Results based on field and literature surveys and data analysis for catastrophic, recent and historical mass ~~movement, and corresponding disaster events. 2) Results based on field surveys and data analysis for recent usual mass movement events and corresponding ~~disasters resulting from rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and glacier lakes and natural landslide dam events. 3) Mechanics and numerical modeling for mass movement. 4) Measures against sediment-induced and similar disasters. Last August, we began inviting submissions on these themes just as Typhoon Morakot slowly crossed Taiwan, causing historically significant rainfall events in southern Taiwan involving numerous landslides and debris flows and precipitated casualties, landscape changes, channel bed variations, etc., similar to the catastrophic sediment events occurring in Venezuela in 1999. Two papers describe what happened in Taiwan and Venezuela, providing advice on possible measures against such abnormal catastrophes. Three contributions describe historical catastrophes involving mountain collapse based on analysis of the literature, topography and field surveys, and numerical models. A total of 11 papers have been submitted, 4 of which concern applicability of constitutive equations for debris flow, numerical models for landslide occurrence due to rain fall and flood processes due to rapid landslide dam erosion, and sediment issues resulting from glacier lake outburst flooding. Two submissions focus on corrective measures. All papers have been reviewed, revised, and accepted for publications, and we believe this special issue will stimulate future studies and prove useful in practical and scientific fields. We heartily thank all of the authors undergoing the review process, and express our sincere appreciation to the distinguished reviewers, without whose invaluable aid this issue would not have been possible.
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Ikeda, Syunsuke, Shinji Egashira y Takahisa Mizuyama. "Special Issue on Sediment Induced Disasters". Journal of Disaster Research 5, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2010): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0227.
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Sediment induced disasters have been studied in a wide variety of research fields ranging from social to natural science, with many interesting results. This special issue provides engineers and scientists with an opportunity to share knowledge and experience in engineering research concerning mass sediment movement and related disasters. To clarify this issue’s objectives and encourage submissions, topics have been discussed based on the needs, activities, and possible contributors classified into four categories: 1) Results based on field and literature surveys and data analysis for catastrophic, recent and historical mass movement, and corresponding disaster events. 2) Results based on field surveys and data analysis for recent usual mass movement events and corresponding disasters resulting from rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and glacier lakes and natural landslide dam events. 3) Mechanics and numerical modeling for mass movement. 4) Measures against sediment-induced and similar disasters. Last August, we began inviting submissions on these themes just as Typhoon Morakot slowly crossed Taiwan, causing historically significant rainfall events in southern Taiwan involving numerous landslides and debris flows and precipitated casualties, landscape changes, channel bed variations, etc., similar to the catastrophic sediment events occurring in Venezuela in 1999. Two papers describe what happened in Taiwan and Venezuela, providing advice on possible measures against such abnormal catastrophes. Three contributions describe historical catastrophes involving mountain collapse based on analysis of the literature, topography and field surveys, and numerical models. A total of 11 papers have been submitted, 4 of which concern applicability of constitutive equations for debris flow, numerical models for landslide occurrence due to rain fall and flood processes due to rapid landslide dam erosion, and sediment issues resulting from glacier lake outburst flooding. Two submissions focus on corrective measures. All papers have been reviewed, revised, and accepted for publications, and we believe this special issue will stimulate future studies and prove useful in practical and scientific fields. We heartily thank all of the authors undergoing the review process, and express our sincere appreciation to the distinguished reviewers, without whose invaluable aid this issue would not have been possible.
Tesis sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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Beggour, Imad. "Littérature germanophone et catastrophe nucléaire (1945-1989) - une littérature de l'anthropocène ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH019.
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Le présent travail est une étude en littérature sur la représentation de la catastrophe nucléaire dans la littérature germanophone entre 1945 et 1989. Cette thématique est mise en relation avec les débats actuels sur la nouvelle ère géologique de l'anthropocène. En effet, plusieurs géologues estiment qu'une des preuves les plus significatives du début de l'anthropocène réside dans l'utilisation du nucléaire à partir des années cinquante. En analysant des œuvres littéraires parues entre la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et la chute du mur de Berlin, ce travail s'efforce de traiter plusieurs questionnements. Il consiste à montrer les différentes manières dont la littérature aborde le thème de la catastrophe nucléaire. La question centrale est de savoir à quel point cette littérature et la représentation de la catastrophe nucléaire sont une première prise de conscience précoce de l'ère de l'anthropocène avant même l'émergence du terme au début des années 2000. La première partie de notre recherche souhaite montrer dans quelle mesure le récit catastrophique de l'anthropocène se manifeste dans cette littérature sur le nucléaire. Dans la deuxième partie, la question soulevée concerne le personnage du « dernier homme » (terme introduit par le philosophe Günther Anders) comme un personnage de l'anthropocène et un personnage central de la littérature qui s'attache à la question du nucléaire. Se basant sur les thèses de Günther Anders, la dernière partie questionne l'existence, dans le corpus retenu, de la critique de l'anthropocentrisme de l'homme, démontrant que le raisonnement d'Anders contribue à enrichir ce narratif de la catastrophe. L'objectif de cette étude n'est pas de montrer qu'une littérature de l'anthropocène n'a pas existé avant 1945 mais bel est bien de prouver que la littérature sur l'utilisation du nucléaire est par excellence une littérature de l'anthropocèneThe present work is a study of literature on the theme of nuclear power, with particular reference to the representation of nuclear catastrophe in German literature from 1945 to 1989. This theme is linked to current debates on the new geological era of the Anthropocene. Indeed, many geologists assume that one of the most significant signs of the onset of the Anthropocene is the use of nuclear power from the 1950s onwards. By analysing literary works published between the end of the Second World War and the fall of the Berlin Wall, this work seeks to address several issues. It shows the different ways in which literature deals with the theme of nuclear catastrophe. The central question is to what extent this literature and the representation of nuclear catastrophe represent an early awareness of the Anthropocene era, even before the emergence of the term in the early 2000s. The first part of our research aims to show the extent to which the catastrophic narrative of the Anthropocene manifests itself in this nuclear literature. In the second part, the question raised concerns the character of the “Last Man” (a term introduced by the German philosopher Günther Anders) as a figure of the Anthropocene and a central figure in the literature that focuses on the nuclear issue. Based on the theses of Günther Anders, the final part questions the existence, in the selected corpus, of the critique of man's anthropocentrism, demonstrating that Anders' reasoning contributes to enriching this narrative of catastrophe. The aim of this study is not to show that a literature of the Anthropocene did not exist before 1945, but rather to prove that the literature on the use of nuclear energy is par excellence a literature of the Anthropocene
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Lowery, Martyn John. "The blessed of impossible worlds : J.G. Ballard and the catastrophic imagination". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279741.
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Adamson, Harriet. "Quality of life after a critical illness a review of the literature 1998-2003 /". Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/616.
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Thesis (M.N.)--University of Sydney, 2004.Title from title screen (viewed 6 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing to the Dept. of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Ehringer, Wolfgang y Henrik Söderström. "Framing Global Catastrophic Risk - Recent and Future Research". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33354.
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This article is a literature review about global catastrophic risks. Its contribution is to give an overview of the research field in general and highlight the main potential catastrophic areas linked with recent studies. In many movies and TV shows, we can see our civilization collapse in various ways: Gigantic asteroids hit the earth and obliterate all life, nuclear wars emerge, artificial intelligence evolves and starts wars with humans, pandemics spread, and other kinds of catastrophic events with mass death or extinction of all life happen. Thus, even if these are extreme events and fiction, we should raise the question how likely it is that one or more of these events can occur in the near and far future. Although calculated probabilities of impact are low for the future such as tomorrow, in 10, 100 or a million years from now, this could actually be reality. Nevertheless, why should we care about the risks of these global catastrophic events today and what could be done to prevent or reduce the risk of a global catastrophe? In this paper we will discuss core content, such as different risks and ways to reduce them internationally, as well as the scientific context of the field. In fact, there are events that can be catastrophic on a global scale and happen in the near future, even if we do not know exactly when. Hence, specific risk assessment and proper mitigation strategies are necessary in order to maintain the human population. This article states that serious research is a basis for decision makers in particular, who invest funds in countermeasures.
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Boyle, Kirk. "The Catastrophic Real: Late Capitalism and Other Naturalized Disasters". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250625590.
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Burnett, Richard Anthony. "The art of John Martin : contexts and sources of the early nineteenth century taste for the catastrophic in art and literature". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597123.
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The three main chapters focus on the following areas: (i) A systematic analysis of the early years of Martin's career, including extensive discussion of the sources and imagery of a number of his most important works completed before 1821. In the process, new reasons are suggested for Martin's choice of subjects and for the great public approbation which many attracted. Particular attention is devoted to the interpretation of Sadak and Belshazzar's Feast. The chapter presents new evidence concerning Martin's early work as a painter on china and glass. (ii) The first detailed examination of the lives and work of Martin's imitators and copyists. Among the artists discussed are William Geller, Henry Selous, James Henry Nixon, George Miller and J.G.S. Lucas. The motivations of those opting to work in the Martinesque style are considered, as is the commercial and critical context which allowed them to thrive. New attributions are made for previously unidentified works and alternative titles suggested for several pictures. The chapter includes the discussion and illustration of many paintings and engravings never before published, as well as a biographical appendix. (iii) An enquiry into the relationship between Martin's work and the poets of the Catastrophic School; including Atherstone, Milman, Montgomery and Reade. After introducing a number of examples of this literary genre with accompanying commentary, the question of the similarity in critical reactions inspired by both catastrophic art and literature is considered. Related to this theme is the controversy over 'public taste' and who should determine the merit of this new poetry. Elements of social criticism implicit in several epic poems of the period are also analysed within this section. Biographies of the leading poets of the genre are included at the end of the chapter.
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Machala, Marta. "At home in the world : Czesław Miłosz and the ontology of space". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a551d588-fcb4-4c5c-81c3-3e81e8f7e593.
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Space constitutes one of the main leitmotifs of Czeslaw Milosz's work, both theoretical and poetic. Central in this respect is the notion of imagination as a faculty organizing space, the faculty which, from the times of the Scientific Revolution, has been subject to erosion, especially as far as the religious imagination is concerned. The abolition of the anthropocentric, hierarchical vision of space, threw human beings into a state of alienation, conceptual nowhere. Religion was replaced by the dogmatism of scientific reductionism, the reality of Ulro. Milosz shows the way out of Ulro, the way out of nowhere to the somewhere. This thesis aims to illustrate the conceptual map of the way out of Ulro as portrayed in four selected volumes of poetry and the novel Dolina Issy, anchored in different points of Milosz's biography. The Land of Ulro, the collection of essays which encapsulate Milosz's ideas on space, constitutes a canopy work for the interpretation of the practical realization of those ideas in Milosz's poetic work. Trzy zimy (1936), Swiat, poema naiwne (1943), Miasto bez imienia (1969), and Druga przestrzen (2002) provide the material for the analysis of different aspects of Milosz's conception of space. Subject to analysis is the relationship between object and human subject as regards the formative, childhood experience of the space of the house (manor) and surrounding landscape, the act of building space on the basis of memory and retrospection in the context of distance and exile, and the workings of religious imagination in the context of the realm of second space. Through his conception of space, Milosz defends human existence in its completeness. He shows the way out of Ulro. This thesis aims to retrace Milosz's map out of the land of alienation on the basis of the poet's selected works.
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Velescu, Elena. "La représentation des catastrophes naturelles en littérature et peinture dans l’espace culturel franco-allemand entre la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4048.
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Ce travail vise à rendre compte des relations créées entre les événements naturels de forte intensité et dont les conséquences destructrices les ont fait nommer catastrophes naturelles, en partant du fameux tremblement de terre de Lisbonne, en 1755 jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle, avec l’avènement des nouvelles techniques et sciences, ce qui a engendré un nouveau rapport entre l’homme et la Nature. Ce changement de la représentation de la catastrophe en littérature, mais aussi dans la peinture s’appuie sur des mutations culturelles dans le plan religieux, scientifique et esthétique, dont les traces évidentes nous avons essayé d’expliciter dans ce travail. L’enjeu de cette thèse est d’analyser les métamorphoses du discours écrit et visuel de la période mentionnée, et d’attirer l’attention sur le passage entre l’horreur suscitée par un événement catastrophique et la dimension sensorielle et la fascination provoquée par le spectacle des phénomènes naturels. Toutefois, nous avons recherché le symbolisme des motifs attachés aux grands mythes de l’humanité, tels le Déluge, le thème de transgression-punition-rédemption inscrit dans la catastrophe, qui se transforme dans un nouveau concept, un objet d’analyse, de réflexion et de contemplation, qui nous incite à voir différemmentThis research aims to report on the relationships created among natural events of high intensity which can be categorized as natural disasters due to their destructive consequences starting with the famous earthquake of Lisbon in 1755 until the mid-nineteenth century, the advent of new technology and science, which created a new relationship between man and nature. This change in catastrophe representation in literature but also in the painting is based on religious, scientific and aestethetic changes, the key elements that we explored in this work. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the metamorphoses of writing and visual discourse of the above-mentioned period and draw attention to the transition from horror triggered by a catastrophic event to a sensory dimension and fascination caused by the spectacle of natural phenomena. We also examined the symbolism of the motifs attached to the great myths of humanity, such as the Flood, the theme of transgression-punishment-redemption part of the disaster, which generates into a new concept, an object of analysis, reflection and contemplation, which inspires us to see the catastrophic events differently
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Gsoels-Lorensen, Jutta Maria. "Epitaphic remembrance : representing a catastrophic past in second generation texts /". 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3109402.
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Ortega, Francisco A. "The anxieties of trauma : representaions of disaster in colonial and contemporary Latin America : an essay in catastrophic reading /". 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3006541.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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Sandler, Michael. Catastrophic storms. Pelham, NY: Benchmark Education Co., 2011.
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Levete, Sarah. Catastrophic weather. New York: Crabtree, 2010.
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Levete, Sarah. Catastrophic weather. New York: Crabtree, 2010.
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Levete, Sarah. Catastrophic weather. New York: Crabtree, 2010.
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Sean, Connolly. The book of potentially catastrophic science. London: Icon, 2011.
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Sean, Connolly. The book of potentially catastrophic science. New York, NY: Workman Pub., 2010.
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Buekens, Arthur. Catastrophes ou révélations?: L'univers des apocalypses. Bruxelles: Lumen vitae, 2007.
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Trčková, Dita. Representations of natural catastrophes in newspaper discourse. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2014.
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Guiberson, Brenda Z. Disasters: Natural and man-made catastrophes through the centuries. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2010.
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National Academies (U.S.), National Science Resources Center (U.S.) y Carolina Biological Supply Company, eds. Catastrophic events: Student guide and source book. Burlington, N.C: Carolina Biological Supply Co., 2000.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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Arens, Katherine. "Central Europe’s catastrophes on film". En Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 548–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xix.66are.
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Bulleid, Joshua. "Where’s the Beef? Kim Stanley Robinson’s Carnist Climate Change Catastrophes". En Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature, 209–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38347-2_7.
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Thomas, Sue. "Catastrophic History, Cyclonic Wreckage and Repair in William Gilbert’s The Hurricane and Diana McCaulay’s Huracan". En Tracking the Literature of Tropical Weather, 227–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41516-1_11.
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Mapara, Jacob. "Tragic Labels, Catastrophic Consequences: Colonial Treachery and the Cameroonian Calamity". En Sub-Saharan Political Cultures of Deceit in Language, Literature, and the Media, Volume II, 251–68. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42883-8_13.
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Park, Sora, Susan Atkinson, Janet Fulton, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi y Lara Mani. "Communicating in Crisis: Community Practices of Online Participation During Extreme Events". En Arts, Research, Innovation and Society, 199–211. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56114-6_15.
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AbstractThis chapter surveys research into the communication among community members affected by extreme events with digital platforms such as social media and messaging apps before, during and after the events. While there is extant literature on how people adopt effective strategies in sharing real-time information during a major crisis, fewer studies examine the entirety of the process, particularly around preparing communities and individuals, and even fewer focus on how community members seek and share social support. This chapter examines both aspects of digital communication—emotive and informative—to better understand the role digital platforms can play in extreme events in supporting more effective responses. It also identifies gaps in the literature on the role of social media in preparing individuals and communities for catastrophic climate events.
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Jakobsson, Elin. "Political Attention in a Creeping Crisis: The Case of Climate Change and Migration". En Understanding the Creeping Crisis, 131–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70692-0_8.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the creeping crisis of rising human displacement induced by environmental degradation and natural catastrophes. Sea-level rise, droughts, and the increased occurrence of hurricanes and floods already have, and increasingly will have, drastic effects on migration patterns. Climate-induced displacement already outnumbers displacement from war or violence. Nation states and the international community have consistently failed to properly address this phenomenon. Only recently has political attention begun to increase. This chapter argues that our understanding of climate-induced migration can be improved with the help of the creeping crisis concept. In addition, climate-induced migration may provide insights to the underlying mechanisms of creeping crises. More to the point, this chapter explores the rise and fall of political attention in this case, offers insights on what lies behind this and reflects upon the broader implications for the literature on creeping crises.
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Plotnitsky, Arkady. "Beyond The Inconsumable: The Catastrophic Sublime And The Destruction Of Literature In Keats’s The Fall Of Hyperion And Shelley’s The Triumph Of Life". En Cultures of Taste/Theories of Appetite, 161–80. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981394_9.
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McGrath, Brian. "Common Catastrophes". En Trauma and Literature in an Age of Globalization, 50–64. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003056317-5.
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Farber, Tracey. "1. Literature Review". En Catastrophic Grief, Trauma, and Resilience in Child Concentration Camp Survivors, 9–73. Academic Studies Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781644696354-005.
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"Symbolism. Demonic Urbanism and Catastrophic Expectations". En The House in Russian Literature, 281–82. Brill | Rodopi, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789042029156_028.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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N Schrage, Burkhard. "Natural Catastrophes and Sovereign Bond Prices". En InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3784.
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Aim/Purpose: This study investigates effects of natural catastrophes on the cost of sovereign debt in developing countries and discusses MNC financing strategies. Background: Over the last decades, natural disasters have increased in both number and severity. The combination of higher event frequency and intensity, coupled with fragile economic conditions in emerging market countries, may affect sovereign bond prices—particularly in developing countries—and consequently may have effects on the financing strategy of MNCs Methodology: Parametric and non-parametric analyses and event study method. Contribution: The current literature in International Business research has overlooked natural catastrophes as a source of heterogeneity across countries for investment decisions. We develop the theory and demonstrate empirically that both researchers and practitioners should take into account natural disasters when making internationalization decisions. Findings: We find that natural disasters have a material impact on the bond returns issued by developing country governments and consequently on MNCs’ host-country financing costs. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners may consider the likelihood of natural disasters when making investment decisions in foreign countries. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may consider including natural disasters when in internationalization research; our research adds in particular a new dimension to the location choice literature. Impact on Society: Governments—in particular those in emerging markets—may rethink their strategies of how to “insure” themselves against natural disasters. Not being insured against these disasters result in negative secondary effects on economic development through higher cost of capital, and possible through lower FDI activities. Future Research: Future research can be done. There are several avenues: using our insights and applying them to governmental reinsurance strategies would be a worthwhile topic. On a different level, one could also investigate further the contingencies of our findings and extend the theoretical framework towards developed markets.
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Milo, Daniel, Liana Principe, Jieyi Deng, Kang Zhou y Xiang Liu. "A Literature Review of Rail Defect Causal Factors". En 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6162.
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Rail defects are a significant safety concern for the world’s railway systems. Broken rails may lead to the catastrophic derailment of vehicles and have severe consequences including death, injury and economic losses. Precise estimation of the impact of descriptive factors on the occurrence of rail fatigue defects is of great significance for the development of rail defect statistical prediction models. Meanwhile, improvement of prediction models will assist railroads in allocating inspection maintenance resources efficiently. Thus, this paper focuses on reviewing principal risk factors affecting the occurrence of rail defects. A better understanding of the influence of rail defect explanatory factors could aid in model improvement. Previous data collection and analysis in rail defects are highlighted in this review in order to improve the understanding of the impact of potential risk factors. The overview of rail defects aims to aid researchers in improving their understanding of what factors affect the occurrence of rail fatigue defects and how to analyze these factors during the processing of statistical models.
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Golubchikov, YUriy. "Methodological potential of the teleological principle of purpose". En International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27705d8750.02429694.
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The cognitive capabilities of the teleological paradigm of purpose are discussed. An inquiring mind everywhere sees that inanimate matter serves for living, and that, in turn, serves for a man. However, such a concept as “purpose” turned out from the contemporary science, although for a long time it went along the path of becoming the doctrine of purpose determination, or nomogenesis. The history of the substitution of the main paradigm of science from purpose to chance is traced. The overcoming of the catastrophic representations of Cuvier by the provisions of actualism and evolutionism is considered. From the middle of the 19th century, public opinion began to strengthen that every new scientific achievement casts doubt on religious beliefs. Criticism of biblical history began with the events of the Great Flood, as the key one in the Bible. The negative attitude to catastrophism in the Soviet scientific literature and the importance of ideology in the methodology of science are considered. The anthropic principle predetermines a radical restructuring of the general scientific methodology. It finally comes closer to religious knowledge. The anthropic principle is teleological and contains that goal (“eidos-entelechia”) in the structure of matter that impels it. In this light, the power of science is again seen not in confrontation with religion, but in harmonization with it.
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van de Hoef, Annemae, Sam Leewis, Matthijs Berkhout y Koen Smit. "The identification of Ethical Focus Areas: A Literature Study Into Data Mining Ethical Focus Areas". En Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.35.
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Improper use of data must be avoided, as the consequences of improper use of data can be catastrophic. In the design of information systems, ethical focus areas could help combat improper use of data. Currently, more research is available on ethical focus areas in Data Mining compared to related research fields of Data Mining, such as Decision Mining and Process Mining. For this paper, a theoretical review was conducted to identify ethical focus areas of Data Mining and their possible solutions. Seven ethical focus areas were identified focussing on privacy, collection of personal information, consent, unpredictability and inaccuracy, group profiling and biased data. Future research is needed on the ethical focus areas, to validate the possible solutions related to these ethical focus areas in the context of related research fields of Data Mining
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Goncharova, Anna A. "Cultural work in ecological education at Novocherkassk municipal libraries". En The libraries and ecological education: Theory and practice. Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-227-2-2020-86-92.
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The cultural activities related to ecological education at Novocherkassk Centralized Library System is discussed, in particular, the program «The Nature. Ecology. The Humans». The program comprises five units: cultural work with all groups of users; events held on the occasion of the anniversary of Chernobyl disaster and other technogenic catastrophes; engaging library users and librarians in ecological volunteering; revealing ecological problems via literature and arts; methodological and bibliographical support of the above activities.
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Lall, Pradeep, Peter Sakalaukus y Lynn Davis. "An Investigation of Catastrophic Failure in Solid-State Lamps Exposed to Harsh Environment Operational Conditions". En ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48257.
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Today’s lighting technology is steadily becoming more energy efficient and less toxic to the environment since the passing of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) [1]. EISA has mandated a higher energy efficiency standard for lighting products and the phase out of the common incandescent lamp. This has led lighting manufacturers to pursue solid-state lighting (SSL) technologies for consumer lighting applications. However, two major roadblocks are hindering the transition process to SSL lamps: cost and quality. In order to cut cost, manufactures are moving towards cheaper packaging materials and a variety of package architecture construction techniques which may potentially erode the quality of the lamp and reduce its survivability in everyday applications. Typically, SSL lamps are given product lifetimes of over twenty years based off of the IES TM-21-11 lighting standard which does not include moisture effects or large operational temperatures [2]. A group of recently released off-the-shelf lamps have undergone a steady-state temperature humidity bias life test of 85°C/85%RH (85/85) to investigate the reliability in harsh environment applications. The lack of accelerated test methods for lamps to assess reliability prior to introduction into the marketplace does not exist in literature. There is a need for SSL physics based models for the assessment and prediction of a lamp’s lifetime which is being spearheaded by the DOE [3]. In order to be fully accepted in the marketplace, SSL lamps must be able to perform similarly to incandescent lamps in these environments, as well as live up to the lifetime claims of manufacturers. A lamp’s package architecture must be designed with performance factors in mind, as well as address some of the known and published package related failure mechanisms, such as carbonization of the encapsulant material, delamination, encapsulant yellowing, lens cracking, and phosphor thermal quenching [4]. Each failure mechanism produces the similar failure mode of lumen degradation predominately due to two contributing factors: high junction temperature and moisture ingress. The current state-of-the-art has focused on individual areas of the lamp, such as the LED chip, substrate material, electrical driver design and thermal management techniques. [5] – [16] Looking at the lamp as a whole is a novel approach and has not been seen before in literature. This work followed the JEDEC standard JESD22-A101C of 85/85 with a one hour interval of applied voltage followed by a one hour interval of no applied voltage [17]. This test was performed continuously for each SSL lamp until it became nonoperational, i.e. did not turn on. Periodically, photometric measurements were taken following the IES LM-79-08 standard at room temperature using an integrating sphere, a spectrometer, and lighting software. The overall health of the SSL lamps was assed using the relative luminous flux (RLF), correlated color temperature (CCT) and the color difference (Δu′v′) using the Euclidean distance of the CIE 1976 color space coordinates. Finally, a Weibull analysis was completed to compare the characteristic lifetime of the SSL lamp to the actual rated lifetime. An important result from this work shows that the rated lifetime does not come close to the actual lifetime when the SSL lamps are used in a harsh humid environment which is fairly common in outdoor applications across the U.S. Also, the photometric results are presented for the entire lifetime of each SSL lamp under test.
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Watson, Erkai, Nathanaël Durr, Jose-Luis Sandoval Murillo, Markus Büttner y Pascal Matura. "Simulating Hypervelocity Impacts on Cfrp with a Discrete Element Approach". En 2022 16th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2022-57.
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Abstract Numerical simulations provide a powerful tool for investigating satellite breakups resulting from hypervelocity impact, and a discrete element simulation method has been shown to be well suited to model the fragmentation that materials undergo upon impact at high velocities. In this paper, we describe new developments to a discrete element simulation method to allow the modeling of orthotropic materials, specifically carbon fiber reinforced polymers which are commonly used in modern satellites. We model carbon fiber reinforced polymers by using different parameters for fiber and matrix materials in our discrete model. We calibrate our carbon fiber reinforced polymer model’s two free parameters with experimental hypervelocity impact data from literature. Finally, we demonstrate the numerical method’s applicability to simulate the satellite breakups with two simulations: a non-catastrophic sphere-CubeSat impact and a catastrophic CubeSat-CubeSat impact. We compare these scenarios, using aluminum and carbon fiber reinforced polymer CubeSats, to fragment size distributions predicted by the NASA standard satellite breakup model.
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Meyer, Gregory A., Gregory A. Banyay, Samuel A. Maeby, Scott E. Sidener y Richard E. Schwirian. "Hydroelastic Stability and Vibration of a Large Reactor Pendulum Structure". En ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16562.
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Parallel-flow induced vibrations of both large and small reactor internal structures have been analyzed in the past for multiple reactor types. In parallel flows relating to annular and leakage flows, the possibility for significant wear issues can arise and need to be assessed as has been shown throughout the literature. With parallel flow induced vibration, a particular fluid-structure interaction known as hydroelastic instability can arise. If hydroelastic instability occurs, damage to components can be severe and/or catastrophic. This particular phenomenon has been studied in the literature and a few empirically derived methodologies have been published to evaluate the potential for hydroelastic instability to occur in both a limited number of specific geometries and some generic geometries. However, as structural components and their associated flow field characteristics can vary significantly and because of the potential for catastrophic damage to reactor components and the associated costs, a more detailed first principles approach may be warranted to further determine if hydroelastic instability is not only possible, but probable. A potential design for a reactor internals test in which part of the upper internals would exhibit significant annular parallel flow velocities is analyzed for the potential onset of hydroelastic instability. In particular, the upper core plate, which is attached to the rest of the upper internals via support columns in a pendulum setup with the attachment/pivot point at the upper pressure vessel head flange, is temporarily designed to carry a significant non-prototypic pressure drop causing significant upper core plate to core barrel gap flow velocities and potential instability issues. Due to the different geometry of this hardware configuration compared to those found in the literature, both an empirically-based stability analysis from the literature and a first-principles based hydroelastic stability analysis are conducted. The first-principles analysis derives and solves the time-dependent equations of motion and mass conservation for both the fluid and structure and compares the results proximity to stability limits found in the literature. A comparison of the empirically based stability assessment with the first-principles stability analysis is made. Furthermore, an assessment of the probability for the onset of hydroelastic instability of the upper internals assembly is made via a Monte Carlo simulation using the first-principles analysis methodology.
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George, Richard y Jingzhou (James) Yang. "A Survey for Methods of Detecting Aircraft Vortices". En ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70632.
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Wake vortices produced by the lifting surfaces of large aircraft can have catastrophic effects on aircraft that follow too close behind. Many incidents have been blamed on wingtip vortices in the past several decades. Therefore, vortex detection is important for enhancing airport productivity by allowing adoptive spacing and for increasing the safety of all aircraft operating around the airport by alerting controllers that hazardous conditions may exist near the runways. Many methods have been developed for detecting wake vortices. However, there is a lack of a literature review to summarize all the methods and compare their advantages and drawbacks. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review these technologies and to summarize their strengths and weaknesses. There are two main methods available in the literature: active and passive detection methods. Active detection methods include LIDAR (LIGHT Detection And Ranging), RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging), and SODAR (Sonic Detection And Ranging). Passive detection methods include microphone systems, opto-acoustic systems, and ultrasonic detection of circulation. Although vortex detection methods are available, due to military and scientific usage, many researchers are still investigating new methods that are more effective.
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Strepek, Steve, Richard H. S. Winterton, Marc Wiseman y Chris Nelson. "Influence of Nucleate Boiling on the Design of Automotive Cooling Systems". En ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2002-465.
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With higher power ratings in automotive cooling systems the correct calculation of the heat transfer coefficient when nucleate boiling is occurring has become important. In accounting for the enhanced cooling that nucleate boiling provides, analysts can achieve two goals: more accurate metal temperature prediction at local hot spots; and an assessment of the probability that catastrophic film boiling will occur. Two correlations examined: the classic Chen correlation and the more recent Liu and Winterton correlation. The method of extending the correlations to mixtures is explained. Predictions are presented for the 50:50 mixture of water and ethylene glycol, and compared with literature data. The method of incorporating these correlations into engine CAE analysis is explained and demonstrated. The paper also considers the effect of nucleate boiling on vapor production, leading to vapor blanketing and the critical heat flux. A method of estimating critical heat flux for the mixture is described.
Informes sobre el tema "Catastrophist literature"
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Rheinberger, Christoph y Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.
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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Financial Inclusion in a Refugee Response. Institute of Development Studies, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.122.
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The growing scope, frequency, and complexity of forced displacement, both inside and outside of countries, has pushed donors and other development groups to rethink their approaches to humanitarian crises, particularly on refugee response. Financial inclusion is widely regarded as a particularly critical tool that development organisations can employ to mitigate the catastrophic impact of humanitarian crises on refugees. Financial inclusion would provide a wide range of financial products – such as savings, remittances, loans, and insurance – to both refugees and citizens of host countries, which are critical for disadvantaged populations seeking to mitigate shocks, acquire assets, and support local economic development. Changes in how humanitarian aid is distributed are opening the path for greater financial inclusion. Donors and humanitarian organisations are shifting away from emergency cash transfers and toward digital payments via electronic cards. This opens new opportunities to connect refugees and displaced people to a bigger pool of financial services. This rapid literature review summarises the available evidence on toolkits that assist the response by humanitarian and development agencies to financial inclusion of refugees. In addition to the documents defined explicitly as “toolkits”, it also includes reports and online articles which contain useful guidance, since there were few “toolkits” available. Generally, there is lack of resources that directly address the query, i.e., “financial inclusion” in a “refugee response” context. Although there is a growing literature and evidence on the financial inclusion theme, much of it does not directly relate to refugees. Furthermore, most guidance notes and toolkits prepared for refugee response by humanitarian/development agencies do not directly and explicitly deal with financial inclusion, but rather focus on operational and programming issues of wider relief responses. The review is presented as an annotated bibliography format and includes toolkits, guidance notes, technical reports, and online articles by humanitarian and international development agencies.
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Kolencik, Marian. A critical evaluation of the risk indicators of criminal conduct involving CBRN and explosive materials - Behavioural and observational analysis in crime detection and investigation. ISEM Institute, n.p.o., octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52824/vzrb5079.
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Terrorist attacks using explosives and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) materials have been present throughout history. While the frequency of CBRN terrorist attacks is relatively low compared to those with explosives and other types of weapons, it is crucial to treat the efforts of both terrorist organizations and individuals with appropriate gravity in order to avert catastrophic consequences. Identifying warning signs that indicate criminal behaviour is crucial for preventing planned crimes or terrorist attacks, and there is a need for more precise coverage of potential risk indicators related to CBRN and explosive crimes. This research aimed at examining and scrutinizing possible warning signs associated with planning and conducting terrorist attacks using CBRN and explosive materials. The research was implemented in three phases. First, comprise the systematic literature review. In the second phase, the case studies and CCTV records from past cases from Europe, USA, Australia and Asia were analysed and the aim was to create a list of risk indicators and categories for future reference by developing a methodological tool. The last phase represented a survey in which the practitioners from European Law enforcement and Intelligence Agencies critically assessed the list of risk indicators and their categories created based on the previous two steps of the research. The last goal was to gain the agreement and endorsement of law enforcement officials from different European nations regarding the validity and importance of recognized risk indicators and their categories, as well as their ranking for use in operational tasks, investigations, and training. The majority of the respondents found the identified categories and risk indicators as reliable and relevant for their operational activities and investigations. For the second research question, the survey results prioritized categories of risk indicators that are most suitable for the detection tactics of investigators and intelligence officers. The third research question examined the ease of observing identified risk indicators, with the category of technological detection/air sampling alarm risk indicators ranking as the easiest to detect. Finally, the survey found that the identified risk indicators are useful for training activities of security entities. Several final comments and recommendations from participants were also discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple factors when identifying risk indicators and the value of the comprehensive list of identified risk indicators. The publication also examines some terrorist theories, the advantages, limitations, and the ongoing debate surrounding the use of profiling in protective security.
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Eberle, Caitlyn, Jack O'Connor, Liliana Narvaez, Melisa Mena Benavides y Zita Sebesvari. Interconnected Disaster Risks 2023: Risk Tipping Points. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wtwn2495.
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The 2023 Interconnected Disaster Risks report examines six immediate and increasing risks across the world: the accelerating extinctions of species, the depletion of groundwater resources, the retreat of mountain glaciers, the growing number of places facing uninhabitable temperatures, the rise in uninsurability and the growing amount of space debris. Through literature review and expert consultation, we define “risk tipping points” for each of the six cases, representing the point at which a given socioecological system ceases to buffer risks and to provide its expected functions, after which the risk of catastrophic impacts to the system increases substantially. Our analysis also includes a highlight on the interconnectivity of root causes and drivers that are pushing these systems to their tipping point, as well as their influence on each other and compounding and cascading impacts into other systems, now and in the future. Our findings indicate that human actions are causing these increased risks, and we discuss the potential behavior and value changes that will be necessary to address them. This report also proposes a new framework to classify and discuss the effectiveness of solutions that help us address risk tipping points. Solutions fall into two main categories: Avoid solutions that target root causes and drivers of risk to avoid crossing risk tipping points altogether, and adapt solutions that help us to prepare or to better address the negative impacts of risk tipping point in case they cannot be avoided, and seek to adapt to the resulting changes in an attempt to live with them. Within each category, there are two options for actions: Delay actions work within the existing “business as usual” system and seek to slow down the progression towards risk tipping points or possible worst impacts. Transform actions involve a fundamental re-imagining of the system itself. Out of the different categories, it is transformative solutions that have the potential to move us away from a future of multiplying risk tipping points, but they also require the most societal and personal change. Therefore, the report highlights overall changes we can make to our behaviours and values that would transform the way we use our systems and reduce overall risk. These include a shift towards zero waste, a closer connection to nature, global cooperation and trust, consideration for future generations, and shifting to an economic model that is less focused on growth and more on human well-being within planetary boundaries. Addressing risk tipping points requires us to fundamentally change how we perceive and value the world around us in a way that gives us the responsibility to care for it. We must design our systems to work in a way that recognizes how much we need the world and all its systems working together for our survival; otherwise, we will find ourselves in a future where risks continue to multiply. The choice is ours. We have the power to act now to create the future we want.