Tesis sobre el tema "Catalyse moderne"
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Werner, Emilie. "Catalysis at the origin of life and catalysis today, a 3.8-billion-year jump". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2024/Werner_Emilie_2024_ED222.pdf.
Texto completoCatalysis enables selective and enhanced reactivity and is harnessed in both synthetic chemistry and biology. This thesis will discuss this concept at two different time points. Firstly, the chemical processes at the origins of life will be studied through two types of non-enzymatic catalysis: rare metal catalysis and metal/coenzyme cocatalysis. The latter is thought to be a product of evolution to become independent from rare environments and enable prebiotic chemistry to spread to more common media. Secondly, modern metal catalysis will be examined. A new aza-variant of the Piancatelli rearrangement will be described with sulfoximine nucleophiles, giving direct access to unprecedented 4-sulfoximinocyclopentenone scaffolds in good yields. These structures hold promises for applications in drug discovery
Laher, Romain. "Synthèse de nouvelles molécules odorantes par catalyse à l’or (I) : L’or au service de la parfumerie moderne". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4083.
Texto completoThis manuscript is concerned with the synthesis of interesting olfactory compounds for use in the perfume industry. A first bibliographic chapter highlights the use of transition metals as reaction catalysts for the synthesis of compounds marketed and used in perfumes. The work described in this manuscript presents the optimization and development gold (I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes and additions of nucleophiles on acetylenic substrates in order to obtain molecules of interest for the perfume industry. The second chapter of this manuscript deals with the synthesis of 3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] -hept-4-enes derivatives. These compounds could be produced with very good yields at low catalytic loads, making the industrialization of such structures possible. Remarkably, all of the compounds synthesized were of olfactory interest, whether they were the starting derivatives or the products of cycloisomerization. It has been possible to demonstrate an induction of chirality within the framework of the cycloisomerization reaction of 1,6-enynes via the use of substrates enantiomerically substituted in the -allylic position. The third chapter highlights the first examples of tandem reaction of cycloisomerization / reduction of acetylenic alcohols have been carried out leading to a new route of synthesis of furanic and pyranic derivatives. The use of gold catalyst allows the formation of an exocyclic enol ether followed by the reduction of the unsaturation formed through the use of an organosilane as Et3SiH. All of the synthesized compounds evaluated present remarkable scores allowing to consider substitutions of risky products by new ingredients with similar organoleptic properties
Lakhdar, Mahjoub. "Application de la reaction d'hydrodesazotation de la pyridine a la caracterisation de l'activite et de la selectivite de catalyseurs sulfures". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2021.
Texto completoIsenogle, Melanie R. "Anna Atkins: Catalyst of Modern Photography Through The First Photobook". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522796885194359.
Texto completoDekker, Nicholas John. "The Modern Catalyst: German Influences on the British Stage, 1890-1918". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180431503.
Texto completoWENDLINGER, LAURENT. "Préparation de chlorofluoroalcanes par catalyse hétérogene". Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2252.
Texto completoIzquierdo, Colorado Armando. "Reforming of model biogas mixtures at moderate temperatures over Ni-containing catalysts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS147.
Texto completoThe increasing concern about the possible dramatic effects of greenhouse gases emissions to our atmosphere, is leading to propose sustainable alternatives, aiming either capture/storage or capture/utilization of CO2. Among the different technologies, dry reforming of methane has attracted much attention in the past decades because it consumes two of main greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and convert them into useful chemical building blocks. In this context, biogas is another CH4-rich source, containing also non-negligible amounts of CO2, therefore, it can be upgraded into hydrogen and/or synthesis gas, as a renewable carbon source for the synthesis of alternative and carbon-neutral liquid fuels. Nickel-containing catalysts have been considered for methane reforming and its partial oxidation. This is due to its high activity and low cost. However, the sintering and carbon formation, producing catalyst deactivation. Thus, this PhD research focuses on proposing new strategies towards increasing the activity, selectivity and stability of Nickel-containing catalysts for their application in the reforming of biogas model mixtures. These strategies include the use of different supports aiming at increasing their interaction with the active nickel-phase and improving its dispersion and stability. Moreover, different approaches for the deposition of this Ni-phase and its activation have been investigated. The results were correlated with multiple characterizations, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3 and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Sharma, Giriraj. "Modeling of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide with ammonia using four modern catalysts". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2785.
Texto completoFalletta, E. "¿RE-DISCOVERING¿ AN OLD MATERIAL, POLYANILINE, FOR MODERN APPLICATIONS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/229552.
Texto completoPoliukh, К. "Modern state in the research and application of proteolytic enzymes of fungi". Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50640.
Texto completoProteolytic enzymes are studied as tools for understanding protein structure and the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis, or as well as bioactive substances applied in medicine, agriculture and industry. The growing needs of biotechnology, changes in environmental and radiation backgrounds, widespread usage of drugs encourages the search for a new, effective, safe species and strains of fungi which could be the base for new probiotics production and serve in biotransformations of food products.
Протеолітичні ферменти вивчаються як інструменти для розуміння білкової структури та механізмів ферментативного каталізу, або, а також біологічно активних речовин, застосовуваних у медицині, сільському господарстві та промисловості. Зростаючі потреби біотехнології, зміни в екологічних та умовах випромінювання, широке використання наркотиків сприяє пошуку нових, ефективних, безпечних видів та штамів грибів, які можуть бути базою для виробництва нових пробіотиків та служать у біотрансформаціях харчових продуктів.
Michaux, Olivier. "Etude de la reactivite des sulfures metalliques pour la reaction d'hydrodesulfuration (hds) : une application de la rmn du metal solide a la catalyse". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13073.
Texto completoBelal, Rachid. "Epoxydation catalytique d'olefines et metalloporphyrines comme modeles chimiques de la catalase". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30120.
Texto completoBenaboura, Ahmed. "Etude de la copolymerisation du styrene et de l'hexene-1 et du mode d'insertion du styrene en presence de catalyseurs de type "ziegler"". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066059.
Texto completoCamargo, Mariana Vaz de. "O fazer artístico como catálise: experiências do corpo e da dança". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17252.
Texto completoThis research (The artistic act as catalysis: experiences in the body and dance) reflects upon the intensive dimension of the artistic act. It seems to me that art (the creative state) can catalyze and intensify potential for change, open up areas of movement and promote new connections and potential . The sensitivity promoted by this act should be different from that organizing our everyday experience; through this reorganization, transmutation or metamorphoses comes its political potential. Catalyze: a term borrowed from Chemistry imbued with a special meaning. Existential-poetic catalysis is how Guattari denominates the process of the search for paths to singular new existential territories, not serialized. To give shape to my reflections I interviewed the seven performers-creators of Cia. Nova Dança 4, a dance-theatre company from São Paulo. I was interested in grasping through the traces of the pulsating nature, the collective movements of the appropriation and invention of life which favour the production of singular existences. Why is art produced and consumed ? What ecstasy is this, that of poetry? I found two responses: the Russian psychologist Vygotsky s (art as a social technique of feelings that operates catharsis) and Deleuze and Guattari s (aesthetics in the relationship between forms and forces that can catalyze the invention of new existential territories). Because of the chosen theoretical framework it is not possible to talk about art without talking about the body and the need to return to it in that which is most singular: the porous body which is affected by encounters and partings in the world. Perhaps some experiences in contemporary dance can invent and construct bodies open to other forces and intensities Body without Organs. Elements that emerged during the construction of this framework led me to reflections of a more sociological nature: the institutional aspects of dance, formation of artistic groups and being an artist today . I also review the history of dance in the West and the principal elements of Contact Improvisation (in dialogue with Michel Foucault s reflections on power/body). Finally, I recover Vygotsky s conception of catharsis with a view to broadening the notion of catalysis. I understand that the discussion of the definition and use of these two terms, as well as their reorganization, can increase their power of creation-action (especially in the draw of the performing arts in question)
Nesta pesquisa, reflito sobre a dimensão intensiva do fazer artístico: pareceme que a arte (o estado criativo) pode catalisar e intensificar potências de mudança, abrir zonas de passagem e florescer novas conexões e potências . O sensível que ela produz deve ser diferente daquele que organiza nossa experiência cotidiana; dessa reorganização, transmutação ou metamorfose, sua potência política. Catalisar: termo emprestado da Química com um sentido especial. Catálise existencial-poética é como Guattari denomina o processo de busca por caminhos para novos territórios existências singulares, não serializados. Para dar forma às minhas reflexões, entrevisto os(as) sete intérpretes-criadores(as) de uma companhia de dança-teatro paulistana, a Cia. Nova Dança 4. Interessa-me apreender, através dos vestígios da natureza pulsativa, os movimentos coletivos de apropriação e invenção da vida que favoreçam a produção de existências singulares. Para quê se faz e se consome arte? Que êxtases são esse, os da poesia? Encontro dois caminhos de respostas: o do psicólogo russo Vygotsky (arte como técnica social do sentimento que opera a catarse) e o de Deleuze e Guattari (estética na relação entre formas e forças que pode catalisar a invenção de novos territórios existências). Pelo referencial teórico escolhido, não há como falar de arte sem falar de corpo. Pode-se falar na necessidade de se retomar o corpo naquilo que é mais próprio: corpo poroso, afetado pelos encontros e desencontros no mundo. Talvez algumas experiências da/na dança contemporânea possam inventar e construir corpos abertos a outras forças e intensidades Corpo sem Órgãos. Elementos que emergiram durante a construção dessa teia levaram-me a reflexões de cunho mais sociológico: aspectos institucionais da dança, da formação de grupos artísticos e do ser artista hoje . Também recupero a história da dança no Ocidente e os elementos constitutivos da dança Contato Improvisação (em diálogo com reflexões de Michel Foucault sobre poder/corpo). Para terminar, resgato a concepção de catarse , de Vygotsky, em busca de uma ampliação da noção de catálise. Entendo que a discussão da definição e uso desses dois termos, bem como sua reorganização, pode ampliar seu poder de criação-ação (em especial com o enredar nas artes cênicas em foco)
Provent, Christophe. "Vers des modèles biomimétiques de métalloenzymes antioxydantes". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10048.
Texto completoSander, Patrik. "Betydelsen av betydelse - Om identitet, mening och betydelse i det postmoderna samhället". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30014.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work has been to examine the function of storytelling as an induct-ive way to develop self reflection and environmental awareness of the students. Key subjects have been if they could be attentive to the very reflective process itself and to the strategies we apply, when to cope with dynamic changes as those of the postmodern society. Also the possibility to find basic explanations, to specially one of these strategies – one that has been more and more frequently used – became a pursuit in this work. The phenomenon in mind is our seemingly growing demand for “superficial valuables”.This work is basically qualitative. Three perspectives – as well as sources of inform-ation – have been developed through the process of this work: firstly, the inevitably subjective experiences of my own; secondly, the students; and thirdly, different forms of applicable public media. Especially the contribution from the students can’t be overstated. Initially it was them who made me aware of the phenomenon, described above. Moreover they gave input, partly through the literature seminar and the related discussion, partly through a minor enquiry consisting of a few but fundamental questions connected to the matter of “wealth” and “ability”.Quite early during the progression of this work I came to an understanding that the informative, the introspective and the communicative processes of the work itself constituted a most interesting substance. Hence, I made a more careful attempt to describe this development and my thoughts connected to it, rather than giving too much focus on the aftermath. Retrospectively seen, it presents somewhat self-evident answers of the two initial questions above. Yes, storytelling might work as a complement to more radical experiences of the real life. It can be used as a key to existential reflection in an urban security-devoting postmodern society. Also obviously, there seem to be more profound explanations to our quest for superficial valuables – needs beyond the very appeal. They could be connected to the natural instinct of individual survival through real or “illusory” acceptance and irreplaceability within one or more collective social orders – in short, the importance of being important.
Estienne, Jacques. "Des halogènes dans les édifices moléculaires étioniques : études cristallographiques, corrélations structure-réactivité, structure-conductivité, modèles structuraux". Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11001.
Texto completoTétaz, Franck. "Action d'enzymes bactériennes isolées à partir d'un pseudomonas sur des modèles de la lignine de sous-structure [bêta]-O-4 et des préparations de lignines de "bois explosé" : approche par résonance magnétique nucléaire". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10052.
Texto completoZhao, Guangyu. "Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to value added products by N₂0 over Fe-Based catalysts at moderate temperatures". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1412919.
Texto completoA laboratory scale process for catalytic partial methane oxidation to methanol and derivatives by N₂O over Fe-based catalysts in a continuous operation mode at moderate temperatures was constructed. Examination of the partial methane oxidation to methanol over Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts at moderate temperatures showed that methanol and formaldehyde were produced at a temperature range from 275 °C to 400 °C with selectivity decreasing with increasing temperature. Incorporation of 0.1 wt% iron to H-ZSM-5 promoted methane and N₂O conversion, as well as the selectivity to C1-oxygenates. Further loading of iron enhanced methane conversion via complete oxidation. With an increase in the CH₄/N₂O ratio, selectivity of both carbon oxides and C1-oxygenates decreased, while the selectivity of ethylene showed an opposite trend. In addition, a relatively high GHSV elevated selectivity to desired products. In order to explore the correlation of structure properties of zeolites to active sites for methanol formation, activity and selectivity over Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-Beta and Fe-FER catalysts were studied at 350 °C for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane. Ammonia adsorption data suggested that among the studied zeolites, H-FER zeolite contained the highest concentration of framework Al atoms which are essential for the formation of active extra-framework Fe species. Fe-FER catalyst contained more active sites for N₂O conversion in comparison to Fe-Beta and Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts, as demonstrated by H₂-TPR profiles and IR spectra of NO adsorbed on the Fe zeolites. The catalytic activity studies showed that Fe-FER was the most active catalyst based on methane and N₂O conversion, and displayed the highest selectivity to C₁-oxygenates and dimethyl ether (DME), while Fe-ZSM-5 obtained the highest selectivity to ethylene among the three catalysts. Fe-ZSM-5 was found to deactivate significantly due to coke formation. Fe-FER catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IMP), liquid ion exchange (IE) and solid state ion exchange (SSIE) methods were studied at 350 °C. UV-vis spectra indicated that the main component present in Fe-FER-IMP, Fe-FER-IE and Fe-FER-SSIE was isolated Fe species, dimeric Fe species and oligomeric iron oxides clusters, respectively. The active oxygen sites for the selective conversion of methane were identified by a TPR feature at 220 °C. This sites were also characterised by an infrared band observed at 1872 cm⁻¹ and 1892 cm⁻¹ upon adsorption of NO. The correlation of the area of the unique reduction peak in the H-TPR profiles and the area of a band at 1892 cm⁻¹ in the IR spectra of NO adsorption on the catalysts suggested that the active sites for N₂O decomposition were binuclear Fe species, and Fe-FER-SSIE contained the largest number of active Fe species among the three catalysts. The activity test showed that Fe-FER-SSIE obtained the highest N₂O decomposition at 250 °C but Fe-FER-IE achieved the highest N₂O conversion at elevated temperatures due to the greater likelihood of transformation from active oxygen species to oxygen molecules over Fe-FER-IE. Selectivity to desired products (methanol, formaldehyde, DME and ethylene) over Fe-FER-IMP, Fe-FER-IE and Fe-FER-SSIE was 12.5%, 16.5% and 19.8% (coke took into account), respectively. Formation of active oxygen species from N2O over Fe-FER catalyst prepared by SSIE method at moderate temperatures was studied using spectroscopic and solid characterisation techniques including H₂-TPR, N₂O-TPD and in situ FTIR. These bands observed at 1872 cm⁻¹ and 1892 cm⁻¹ in IR spectra of NO adsorption on catalyst were NO stretching vibrations of NO adsorbed on iron oxygen clusters, present in the zeolite cages and responsible for selective oxidation. It was shown that these oxidised clusters reacted with methane to form oxygenates but at higher temperatures formed molecular oxygen. IR Bands of surface methoxy groups were observed in significant concentration in the FTIR spectra and were suggested to be intermediate species of the selective oxidation of methane. Studies using continuous reactor demonstrated that co-feeding of methane and N₂O promoted generation of desired products from methane conversion by N₂O over Fe-FER catalyst can be enhanced by optimizing the feed ratio of CH₄/N₂O.
Wenisch, Robert. "In Situ and Ex Situ Investigations of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Crystallization of Carbon and Silicon Thin Films". 2017. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31936.
Texto completoDer Einfluss von Übergangsmetallkontaktflächen auf die Kristallisation von Kohlenstoff und Silizium wurde untersucht. Dazu wurde Kohlenstoff bei Temperaturen von Raumtemperatur bis 550 °C auf Nickel mittels Ionenstrahl-Sputtern abgeschieden. Die so erzeugten Filme wurden mit Röntgenphotoelektronen Spektroskopie, Kernreaktionsanalyse kombiniert mit Rutherford Rückstreu Spektrometrie, Raman Spektroskopie und Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie charakterisiert. Ein Nickel- und ein Temperatureffekt auf den Graphitisierungsprozess wird nachgewiesen. Die Kohlenstofffilme zeigten einen zweilagigen Aufbau: Direkt auf der Nickeloberfläche bis zu 8 Monolagen graphitischen Kohlenstoffs, weiterer abgeschiedener Kohlenstoff bildet weniger geordnete Strukturen, die bevorzugt senkrecht zur Oberfläche ausgerichtet sind. Die Ergebnisse werden auf Basis von hyperthermischer, atomarer Abscheidung, Oberflächendiffusion, Metall-induzierte Kristallisation und Lösung-Ausfällung diskutiert. Die Analysen deuten auf eine dominante Rolle der Oberflächendiffusion im Graphitisierungsprozess hin. Die Kinetik der Silber-induzierten Kristallisation von amorphen Silizium wurde in einer Reihe von isothermalen Temperexperimenten bei 350 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C und 500 °C untersucht. Der Tempervorgang wurde mit in situ Raman Spektroskopie und in situ Rutherford Rückstreu Spektrometrie charakterisiert, wodurch zeitaufgelöste Information über den Phasenübergang und damit die Kinetik gewonnen wurden. Das Gefüge der entstandenen Siliziumschichten wurde mit optischer und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht, welche Korndurchmesser von 5 bis 8 µm zeigten. Die Kristallinität wurde mit Röntgendiffraktometrie analysiert. Hierdurch wurden Kristallitgrößen von 20 bis 50 nm bestimmt. Die Kinetik des Phasenüberganges wird anhand der Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov Theorie diskutiert. Dies deutet auf einen zeidimensionalen, diffusionslimitierten Prozess mit schnell abklingender Avrami-Keimbildung hin. Die Aktivierungsenergie wurde zu 0.8 eV/At. bestimmt.:Contents 1. Introduction 2. Metal-Induced Crystallization 2.1. Introduction and State of the Art of Metal-Induced Crystalliza-tion 2.2. Thermodynamics of Metal-Induced Crystallization 2.3. Kinetics of Metal-Induced Crystallization 3. Ion Beam Analysis 3.1. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry 3.2. Nuclear Reaction Analysis 4. Raman Spectroscopy 4.1. Light Scattering in Solids 4.2. Theory 4.2.1. The Raman Spectrum of Graphitic Carbon 4.2.2. The Silicon Raman Spectrum 5. The Cluster Tool at the Ion Beam Center 5.1. General Concept 5.2. Sputtering Chamber 5.3. The Environmental Chamber 5.4. The Analysis Chamber 5.5. The Ion Beam Analysis Chamber 5.5.1. The Experimental Setup 6. The Carbon Nickel System 6.1. Experimental Details 6.1.1. Film growth 6.1.2. Characterization 6.2. Results 6.3. Discussion 7. The Silicon Silver System 7.1. Experimental 7.1.1. Film Preparation 7.1.2. In Situ Raman Spectroscopy 7.1.3. In Situ Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry 7.2. Results 7.2.1. Raman Spectroscopy 7.2.2. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry 7.2.3. X-ray Diffraction 7.2.4. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy 7.3. Discussion 8. Conclusion and Outlook A. Appendix A.1. Spectroscopic Lineshapes A.1.1. The Lorentzian Lineshape A.1.2. The Breit-Wigner-Fano Lineshape A.1.3. The Doniach-Sunjic Lineshape A.1.4. The Gaussian Lineshape A.1.5. The Voigt Lineshape A.2. Statistcial Distribution Functions A.2.1. The Gamma Distribution Bibliography
Döring, Alexander. "Verbindungen von Molybdän und Wolfram in den Oxidationsstufen IV - VI als Modelle für Molybdän- und Wolfram-Cofaktoren". Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B086-B.
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