Tesis:

1

Sane, Abdoul Karim. "De la topologie des courbes sur les surfaces aux cartes unicellulaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN028/document.

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Cette thèse se place à l'interface entre la topologie et la combinatoire. On s'intéresse dans un premier temps au problème de réalisation des boules unités duales des normes d'intersections sur les surfaces orientables. On montre aussi un certain lien entre les normes d'intersections et la norme de Thurston sur les 3-variétés.On montre par ailleurs l'existence d'un graphe dit de chirurgie sur l'ensemble des cartes unicellulaires d'une surface orientable. Dans le cas des collections unicellulaires et de cartes cubiques unicellulaires, le graphe de chirurgie s'avère connexe
This thesis stay in between topology and combinatory. Our first concerned is the problem of realization of dual unit ball of intersection norms on orientable surfaces. We also show a certain relation between intersection norms and Thurston norms on 3-manifolds. On the other part, we show the existence of graph structure on unicellular maps on orientable surface coming from a surgery operation on unicellular maps: a surgery graph. Its happen that surgery graph on unicellular collections and cubic unicellular maps is connected

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2

Majdalani, Irma. "Le capital social carte génétique d'une économie : cas du Liban". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0001.

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3

Monge, Julia. "Les consommations de substances illicites entre parents et enfants : carrière d'usage, carrière parentale et tension normative". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0102.

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Lorsque des parents consomment des drogues, l’on est tenté de se demander quel sera l’impact de cette pratique sur leurs enfants. Le regard que porte notre travail se situe en contre-champ de cette approche. Nous examinons, chez des parents usagers de substances illicites, les bouleversements que la socialisation de leurs enfants provoque sur leur manière de consommer. C’est au prisme de cette problématique que nous abordons le cas spécifique des consommations partagées. En combinant observation participante, entretiens semi-directifs et analyse de documents, l’enquête se donne pour objectif d’observer les interactions entre des familles dont au moins un enfant mineur a consommé une substance illicite avec ses parents et les acteurs chargés de prescrire, diffuser et garantir les normes en matière de parentalité. L’investigation a été réalisée en deux pans correspondant à ces deux populations. Elle aboutit à considérer la parentalité comme une carrière dépendante de la socialisation de l’enfant et dont le cadre de contrainte entre en contradiction avec celui des consommations. En ce sens, l’enfant constitue le curseur d’une tension normative entre la carrière parentale et la carrière de consommation. L’inclure ou l’exclure des pratiques liées aux drogues participe, pour le parent, d’une stratégie d’aménagement de ses deux carrières
When parents use drugs, it is tempting to wonder what impact this practice will have on their children. Our work asks the opposite question. We look at how parents who use illicit substances are affected by their children's socialization and how this affects the way they use drugs. It is in the prism of this issue that we approach the specific case of shared consumption. By combining participant observation, semi-directive interviews and document analysis, the survey aims to observe the interactions between families in which at least one minor child has used an illicit substance with his or her parents and the actors responsible for prescribing, disseminating and guaranteeing standards of parenting. The investigation was carried out in two sections corresponding to these two populations. It concluded that parenthood is a career dependent on the socialization of the child. As a framework of constraint, it contradicts the framework of consumption. In this sense, the child constitutes the cursor of a normative tension between the parental career and the consumer career. Including or excluding the child from drug-related practices is, for the parent, part of a strategy to develop both careers

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4

Gosselin, Stéphane. "Recherche de motifs fréquents dans une base de cartes combinatoires". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838571.

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Une carte combinatoire est un modèle topologique qui permet de représenter les subdivisions de l'espace en cellules et les relations d'adjacences et d'incidences entre ces cellules en n dimensions. Cette structure de données est de plus en plus utilisée en traitement d'images, mais elle manque encore d'outils pour les analyser. Notre but est de définir de nouveaux outils pour les cartes combinatoires nD. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'extraction de sous-cartes fréquentes dans une base de cartes. Nous proposons deux signatures qui sont également des formes canoniques de cartes combinatoires. Ces signatures ont chacune leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. La première permet de décider de l'isomorphisme entre deux cartes en temps linéaire, en contrepartie le coût de stockage en mémoire est quadratique en la taille de la carte. La seconde signature a un coût de stockage en mémoire linéaire en la taille de la carte, cependant le temps de calcul de l'isomorphisme est quadratique. Elles sont utilisables à la fois pour des cartes connexes, non connexes, valuées ou non valuées. Ces signatures permettent de représenter une base de cartes combinatoires et de rechercher un élément de manière efficace. De plus, le temps de recherche ne dépend pas du nombre de cartes présent dans la base. Ensuite, nous formalisons le problème de recherche de sous-cartes fréquentes dans une base de cartes combinatoires nD. Nous implémentons deux algorithmes pour résoudre ce problème. Le premier algorithme extrait les sous-cartes fréquentes par une approche en largeur tandis que le second utilise une approche en profondeur. Nous comparons les performances de ces deux algorithmes sur des bases de cartes synthétiques. Enfin, nous proposons d'utiliser les motifs fréquents dans une application de classification d'images. Chaque image est décrite par une carte qui est transformée en un vecteur représentant le nombre d'occurrences des motifs fréquents. À partir de ces vecteurs, nous utilisons des techniques classiques de classification définies sur les espaces vectoriels. Nous proposons des expérimentations en classification supervisée et non supervisée sur deux bases d'images.

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5

Voges, Edmund. "Briefe aus dem Norden - Verhandlungen mit dem Norden : Konstruktionen einer iberischen Moderne bei Ángel Ganivet und Josep Pla /". Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/377402443.pdf.

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6

ABOU, BERENGERE. "Instabilite interfaciale d'une couche de ferrofluide sous champ magnetique normal ; etude de la transition hexagones-carres". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066002.

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Un ferrofluide est une solution colloidale stable de particules ferromagnetiques, de taille de l'ordre de 100 a, dans un liquide porteur. Lorsqu'une couche de ferrofluide est soumise a un champ magnetique uniforme et vertical, une instabilite interfaciale se developpe au dessus d'une valeur critique du champ. La surface libre, initialement plane, se herisse de pics disposes selon un reseau hexagonal. Si l'on augmente encore le champ magnetique, le reseau hexagonal se transforme progressivement en reseau carre, au dessus d'une second seuil. La premiere partie de ce travail a ete de realiser une analyse lineaire d'une couche de ferrofluide d'epaisseur et de viscosite quelconques. La relation de dispersion generale obtenue, est simplifiee pour quatre cas asymptotiques de la couche de fluide, correspondant le plus souvent aux cas experimentaux : couche mince ou epaisse, visqueuse ou inertielle. Les domaines de validite des differents regimes sont explicites, ce qui nous a permis de situer notre experience dans le cadre de la theorie lineaire. Nous nous sommes ensuite interesses au mecanisme de la transition hexagones-carres. Nous avons montre que les defauts pentahepta, presents dans le reseau hexagonal, agissent comme des centres de nucleation de la transition. Afin d'etudier leur comportement lors de la transition, nous avons isole ces defauts ou diminue leur nombre, par deux methodes. Enfin, nous presentons les resultats de selection de nombre d'onde par variation quasistatique et brutale du champ magnetique. Nous montrons ainsi que la transition hexagones-carres peut etre induite a champ constant et inferieur au seuil de la transition, lorsque nous comprimons le reseau hexagonal de facon isotrope.

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7

Malta, Júlia Dias Santana. "Análise da mediação do livro “Cartas de quem passou por aqui” sobre os significados do câncer em situações de saúde e educação". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7610.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou
O câncer infanto-juvenil é um problema de saúde pública e, com o aumento da sobrevida de crianças e adolescentes acometidos por ele, tornou-se fundamental direcionar os esforços e recursos para orientar estratégias do cuidado desses pacientes nos diferentes níveis de atuação, como na promoção da saúde, na formação de recursos humanos, na comunicação e mobilização social, bem como na produção de materiais que contribuam para o enfrentamento da doença e o bem-estar desses indivíduos. Dentre as diversas formas de enfrentamento, destacam-se a troca de experiência e informação sobre a doença, o acolhimento dos profissionais de saúde e as atividades lúdicas, destacando-se a literatura infanto-juvenil. Sendo assim, foi produzido um livro de cartas para ser utilizado como recurso terapêutico e didático contendo algumas informações sobre o câncer e sobre o dia a dia da criança doente. A avaliação do material procurou analisar a mediação do livro sobre os significados do câncer para profissionais da saúde e educação, além de determinar as possibilidades de utilização. A partir das falas dos sujeitos e dos resultados obtidos a partir da sua aplicação, percebe-se que o material é capaz de sensibilizar e de fazer refletir aqueles que o temem mãos sobre diversos aspectos da vida, da educação formal e da sociedade.
The cancer in children and teenagers is a public health problem, and with the increased survival of children and adolescents affected by it, it became essential to direct efforts and resources to guide strategies of care of patients in different levels of action, as in health promotion,training of human resources, communication and social mobilization as well as theproduction of materials that contribute to coping with the disease and well-being of these individuals. Among the various ways of coping, we highlight the exchange of experience and information about the disease, the host of health and recreational activities, especially the children's literature. Thus, we produced a book of letters to be used as therapeutic and educational resource containing some information about cancer and about the daily life of the sick child. The evaluation of the material sought to analyze the mediation of the bookon the meanings of cancer for health care and education, and determine the possibilities of use. From the statements of the subjects and the results obtainedfrom its application, it is clear that the material is able to raise awareness and to reflect on those who have hands on various aspects of life, formal education and society.

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8

Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension. Méthode et applications". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675437.

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Les méthodes de restauration en coupe ou en carte sont des outils performants pour estimer les déplacements dans les domaines déformés. De plus, elles permettent de tester la cohésion géométrique d'une carte ou d'une coupe, laquelle est considérée comme acceptable d'un point de vu cinématique si son état restauré est géologiquement acceptable. Etant donné que les méthodes de restauration en coupe sont limitées aux domaines de déformation plane, nous avons mis au point une méthode numérique de restauration en carte conçue pour les domaines faillés en extension. Nous utilisons des cartes de niveaux stratigraphiques sur lesquelles sont reportés le champ de failles et la composante horizontale du rejet normal sur chacune de ces failles (carte de rejets horizontaux). Nous considérons que le niveau est restauré lorsque le rejet sur les failles a été inversé. Pour ce faire, nous "découpons" la carte de rejets horizontaux en un ensemble de blocs limités par des failles. Les rejets sur les failles sont inversés en ajustant les blocs les uns par rapport aux autres par une série de rotations et de translations rigides visant à minimiser par moindre carré les vides et les recouvrements entre les blocs. A partir de l'état déformé et de l'état restauré de l'horizon stratigraphique, nous établissons (1) un champ des déplacements finis (2) un champ de rotations finies des blocs et (3) un champ de déformation. Nous avons appliqué cette méthode à trois exemples: deux bassins sédimentaires (le bassin de Campos sur la marge atlantique brésilienne et le delta du Niger sur la marge atlantique nigériane) et un domaine d'extension à l'échelle de la croûte (la dépression Afar à la jonction de la Mer Rouge, du Golfe D'Aden et du Rift Est Africain). Nous avons choisi d'appliquer notre méthode dans le bassin de Campos parce que le glissement gravitaire divergent de la couverture sédimentaire a produit un étirement affectant plusieurs directions horizontales c'est à dire une déformation non plane. Le jeu de données dans le delta du Niger nous permet de calculer des champs de déplacements et de déformation incrémentaux en restaurant plusieurs niveaux stratigraphiques au sein d'un même bassin. Dans les deux cas, les données sont issues d'une couverture sismique. La dépression Afar est un exemple qui nous permet d'illustrer notre méthode lorsqu'elle est appliquée à une échelle différente en utilisant des cartes issues de l'interprétation d'image satellites SPOT. Dans le bassin de Campos nous avons restauré deux marqueurs stratigraphiques: un marqueur oligocène et un marqueur crétacé supérieur. Dans les deux cas nous obtenons un champ de déplacement avec des vecteurs divergents vers le large. Cependant le champ de déplacement et le champ de failles sont différents d'un horizon à l'autre. Nous suggérons que ce soit le résultat de la mise en place au Tertiaire d'un delta avec un front de propagation triangulaire. La surcharge sédimentaire associée serait le moteur du l'étalement gravitaire divergent et aurait induit un nouveau champ de failles. Dans le delta du Niger, nous avons appliqué notre méthode à six marqueurs stratigraphiques au sein d'un système de failles de croissance correspondant à deux failles majeures antithétiques et à un "roll-over" faillé. Nous avons calculé les champs de déplacements correspondant aux incréments de temps entre les dépôts des horizons successifs. Nous montrons que les déplacements horizontaux les plus importants ont lieu au cours des dernières étapes du développement du roll-over, au moment de son effondrement gravitaire. Deux modèles ont été proposés jusqu'à maintenant pour expliquer la structuration du Sud-Est de la dépression Afar. Soit l'extension est considérée comme le résultat du recouvrement entre deux rifts' se propageant dans des directions opposées et est accommodée par un mécanisme de rotations de blocs (bookshelt). Soit elle est produite par la rotation anti-horaire de la bordure Est de la dépression. Nous avons déterminé les champs de déplacements, de rotations et de déformations dans ce secteur. Nous montrons qu'il existe un gradient SW-NE dans l'intensité des rotations de blocs, des déformations et des déplacements. De plus il existe un changement des directions de déformation et de délpacement depuis une direction NNE-SSW dans la partie ouest de la dépression vers une direction NE-SW à l'Est. Ces résultats sont compatibles avec une rotation antihoraire de la bordure Est mais pas avec un mécanisme de bookshelf qui devrait être associé à une distribution uniforme des intensités de rotations et de déformation.

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9

Bjurén, Isa y Elin Blomberg. "Karriär och föräldraskap -En studie om kvinnliga ledares utmaningar". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73021.

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Throughout history women have been excluded from leading positions. Today, however, there is an equal gender distribution among Swedish managers, which by some is seen as a result of the Nordic model. Despite this, current statistics show that women tend to have a greater responsibility over child rearing and household duties. The aim of this study is to examine female leaders’ experiences of combining family and career, the challenges they face, and if these differ from male leaders. Previous research on women’s work commitment has shown that mothers are not less committed to their careers than women without children. At the same time other studies show that working mothers feel guilty over not being good enough parents. This study is based on eight qualitative interviews with female and male leaders in Sweden. The study shows that the female participants face challenges to their careers because of traditional gender norms, however these norms do not disfavour the male participants. This study also illustrates that the female subjects meet greater expectations both in their roles as leaders as well as in their roles as parents. Gender norms regarding motherhood result in that the women are made to feel guilty if traditional expectations go unmet. This is not something experienced by any of the male participants.

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10

Salaroli, Abner Ribeiro. "Análise do processo de elaboração das normas internacionais de contabilidade pública". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5610.

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It was sought in this study to investigate how the public consultation process can influence the delimitation of the International Public Accounting Standards (IPSAS) issued by IFAC. Thus, it was possible to identify the participation of several worldwide agents, in addition to verify the link between the characteristics of suggestions submitted and its acceptance by the responsible agency. This research was based on theoretical conceptual the Tridimensional Theory of Law, developed by Miguel Reale, wherein fact, value and norm are present and are related consistently, dialectical and complementary throughout the regulatory process, in the case in question, the accounting standardization. The facts represent present situations in the context of each participant, which are, in its turn, oriented, among other factors, by ideologies and principles, which are the values. Already the norm is the result of the relation between facts and values and is represented here by the IPSAS. As a methodological approach, resorted to documental research, to the content analysis and to the quantitative analysis through the Chi-square test and the interpretation of standardized residuals. From the sample, composed by suggestions made in 123 letters, was identified 59 agents from many countries, and 76% were not owned by the IFAC members. Also, the institutions occurred in seven different grades, such as professional institutions, regional standardization bodies, government agencies. On the acceptance level of the submitted contributions, were counted 926 suggestions, of which 322 somehow, the IFAC held. Moreover, there was an expressive participation from Oceania with 29.5% of the contributions total and participation of the Accounting Standards Board (South Africa) and the Australian Heads of Treasuries Accounting and Reporting Advisory Committee (HoTARAC) and Australian Accounting Standards Board, and both institutions that most delivered contributions. Additionally, the quantitative approach, succeeded evidence of a greater association between the suggestions of non-members and acceptance by the IFAC. There was also a strong link between compliance and the contributions of type Form. Still, for the entire sample, there was no evidence of dependence between the level of acceptance and the fact that the items whether they are converging standards issued by the IASB. However, the tests for each statement occurred, in some cases, evidence of association for both situations: approach and distancing of private standards, according to the sub-sample analyzed
Buscou-se neste estudo investigar como o processo de consulta pública pode influenciar o delineamento das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade Pública (IPSAS), emitidas pela IFAC. Nesse sentido, foi possível identificar a participação de vários agentes mundiais, além de verificar a relação entre as características das sugestões enviadas e sua aceitação pelo órgão responsável. Esta pesquisa teve como base teórica e conceitual a Teoria Tridimensional do Direito, desenvolvida por Miguel Reale, na qual fato, valor e norma estão presentes e se relacionam de forma constante, dialética e complementar, ao longo do processo normativo e, no caso em tela, a normatização contábil. Os fatos representam situações presentes no contexto de cada participante, as quais são, por seu turno, orientadas, entre outros fatores, por ideologias e princípios, que são os valores. Já a norma é fruto da relação entre fatos e valores e é aqui representada pelas IPSAS. Como abordagem metodológica, recorreu-se à pesquisa documental, à análise de conteúdo e à análise quantitativa, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado e da interpretação dos resíduos padronizados. Da amostra, composta pelas sugestões presentes em 123 cartas, houve identificação de 59 agentes de diversos países, dos quais 76% não eram pertencentes ao corpo de membros da IFAC. Ainda, as instituições ocorreram em sete diferentes classes, como órgãos profissionais, organismos regionais de normalização, órgãos governamentais. Sobre o nível de aceitação das contribuições enviadas, contaram-se 926 sugestões, das quais 322, de alguma forma, a IFAC considerou. Ademais, houve expressiva participação da Oceania com 29,5% do total de contribuições e a participação do Accounting Standards Board (África do Sul) e dos australianos Heads of Treasuries Accounting and Reporting Advisory Committee (HoTARAC) e Australian Accounting Standards Board, sendo ambas as instituições que mais forneceram contribuições. Além disso, pela abordagem quantitativa, sucederam evidências de maior associação entre as sugestões de não membros e aceitação pela IFAC. Também ocorreu uma forte ligação entre o acatamento e as contribuições do tipo Forma. Ainda, para a totalidade da amostra, não houve comprovação de dependência entre o nível de aceitação e o fato de os itens serem ou não convergentes às normas emitidas pelo IASB. Entretanto, nos testes para cada pronunciamento ocorreram, em alguns casos, evidências de associação para ambas as situações: aproximação e distanciamento das normas privadas, de acordo com a subamostra analisada

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11

Ramírez, Verdugo Héctor Darío. "Posición de Sobrecargas de Nieve para la Zona Central de Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104878.

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Aronés, Villavicencio Álvaro Paulo y Anderson Carlos Víctor Cortés. "Evaluación estructural del puente Huaracane con las Especificaciones de Diseño de Puentes AASHTO LRFD 2012 y Norma Técnica Peruana Sismorresistente E.030 2016". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623526.

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La tesis tiene como objetivo contribuir a la Ingeniería Civil dentro del área de la ingeniería estructural, en el desarrollo de un trabajo de análisis y evaluación de puentes de concreto armado del tipo viga-losa. De manera específica, busca realizar una evaluación de un puente de dos tramos con un pilar central, buscando promover a estudiantes, practicantes y profesionales que se dediquen al diseño de estas estructuras, un instrumento que permita introducirse en el análisis de este tipo de puentes que son utilizados en el Perú sin una norma actual vigente. Sin embargo, para el diseño de puentes se suelen usar normas internacionales, tales como la AASHTO Standard, AASHTO LRFD, CALTRANS, etc. La norma vigente del Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones sobre el diseño de puentes del año 2003 no se encuentra actualizado de acuerdo a las exigencias estructurales de la AASHTO LRFD. Se realizó un estudio de las normas AASHTO LRFD 2012, Manual de Diseño de Puentes del MINISTERIO DE TRANSPORTE Y COMUNICACIONES y Norma E-030 de Diseño Sismorresistente 2016. Además, se realizó la evaluación concerniente al diseño de un puente de concreto armado de dos tramos, a manera de ejemplo. El puente evaluado fue el Huaracane, ubicado en Moquegua, diseñado en el 2008, bajo las normas AASHTO Standard; para ello se aplicó los criterios de análisis de diseño de puentes. Para la modelación estructural del puente se utilizó los programas CSI-BRIDGE 2015, SAP 2000 y SLIDE, presentando los resultados obtenidos en el análisis del puente Huaracane.
This research project starts with the goal of contributing to the Civil Engineering career, specifically to the Structural Engineering. The development of this thesis is focused on performing an analysis and evaluation of a concrete slab and girder bridge. Particularly, the thesis has the objective of evaluate a two span bridge supported by a central column. With the results of this research, a document has been prepared to provide basic guidelines for the analysis of such type of bridges. The evaluation consists in studying the mechanic and seismic resistance of the superstructure and substructure of a bridge and its behavior when new type of loads (such as HL-93 design truck) are applied. For the determination of applied loads, national and international standards for the design of bridges have been selected. The selected documents are AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 2012, Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones Bridge Design Manual, and Norma Técnica Peruana E-030 Diseño Sismorresistente 2016. The structure designated for the development of the thesis is Huaracane Bridge. This structure is located in Moquegua and was designed and built in 2008. The software CSI BRIDGE 2015 was used to perform a detailed analysis of the structure.
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13

Caines, Valerie Dawn. "Late-Life Career Choice: The Antecedents of Self-Employment Interest for Older Workers". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142418.

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Workforce ageing has stimulated research interest in entrepreneurship in later life. For older workers, self-employment is an important alternative to waged employment. The literature addressing entrepreneurial motivation has mainly examined young cohorts, and less is known about how age-related factors intersect with entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial motivation in later life is multifaceted, involving a social transaction whereby entrepreneurial interest is developed in a context-dependent social process. Accordingly, the social context in which people work and live influences their interest in entrepreneurship. For instance, older people as entrepreneurs are often viewed as socially unacceptable, which can dissuade their move towards self-employment. The present research draws on social learning theory and social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to explore self-employment in later life and develop and test a mediated model of self-employment interest over three studies. Study 1 explored factors influencing late-career decisions and how self-employment is perceived among the other late-career options, such as retirement. Results of interviews with 31 professional association members (aged 40 years and above) identified several age-related factors that influence older worker’s self-efficacy and outcome expectations in the work domain. A model of late-career interest was developed incorporating the study results. The prominence of self-employment in the narratives supported the proposition that self-employment is an important career option in later life. Study 2 tested a model of self-employment interest focusing on the effects of future time perspective and social support on entrepreneurial self-efficacy - pre-venture, outcome expectations and self-employment interest. Findings from a sample of 174 members (aged 40 years and above) of a professional association revealed that an open-ended time perspective positively influenced entrepreneurial self-efficacy – pre-venture, and Support positively influenced outcome expectations. Consistent with SCCT, entrepreneurial self-efficacy – pre-venture mediated the relationship between future time perspective and self-employment interest, and outcome expectations mediated the relationship between Support and self-employment interest. Study 3 examined the influence of age norms. Findings from a sample of 598 financial services employees (aged 45 and above) supported prior hypotheses, replicating Study 2. Additionally, favourable age norms were positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy - pre-venture and outcome expectations. Consistent with SCCT, entrepreneurial self-efficacy - pre-venture and outcome expectations mediated the relationship between age norms and self-employment interest. Examination of the two-way interaction effect between age norms and future time perspective on entrepreneurial self-efficacy found that when age norms are favourable and time perspective is open ended, entrepreneurial self-efficacy – pre-venture was at its highest. The two-way interaction effect between age norms and Support on entrepreneurial self-efficacy - pre-venture suggested that when age norms were highly favourable, support was not related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy – pre-venture. However, when age norms are not favourable, Support was positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy - pre-venture, suggesting that age norms and Support complement each other in the development of interest in self-employment. This research extends current career and entrepreneurship theory in several ways. First, the inclusion of age-related psychosocial and sociocultural factors in the model shed light on the intersection between older age, the contextual environment and development of self-employment interest. Second, the findings support earlier arguments that older entrepreneurship is a social process whereby the social context in which people work and live influences their interest in entrepreneurship, and that entrepreneurial behaviour among older people needs to be sanctioned and supported to occur. Finally, the findings suggest the utility of SCCT in informing the development of self-employment interest in the late career stage. Practical implications, limitations and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

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Lawler, Joanna R. "Harnessing Social Norms to Increase Men's Interest in HEED Careers". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7539.

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Men’s underrepresentation in the female-dominated domains of healthcare, early education, and the domestic sphere, or HEED roles, remains a persistent problem despite the fact that such careers often afford more job security and wage growth than blue-collar work. A growing body of evidence suggests that their lack of participation in HEED roles is not merely due to a skills mismatch, but rather an identity mismatch. I hypothesized that using descriptive and injunctive norms to reframe a stereotypically feminine career as more compatible with manhood could effectively reduce this identity mismatch. More specifically, I predicted that using a dynamic descriptive norm framing that highlighted the growing number of men taking on a female-dominated career and an injunctive norm framing that highlighted its compatibility with men’s gender rules would increase men’s interest in the occupation. Furthermore, I believed that such framings would be particularly effective among men who are highly communal and those who do not strongly endorse traditional male role norms. To test my predictions, 342 men took part in an online study in which they were assigned to read a newspaper article about a HEED role, nursing, that was designed to manipulate the perceived prevalence of male nurses and the job’s compatibility with male gender rules. Then, they completed a variety of measures designed to assess their interest in and perceptions of nursing and other HEED careers. Minimal support was found for my hypotheses, and I discuss limitations and future directions to shed light on these null results.

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15

Faury, Mélodie. "Parcours de chercheurs. De la pratique de recherche à un discours sur la science : quel rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences ?" Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744210.

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Que signifie être scientifique ? Comment et quand le devient-on ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d'un rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences ? Comment l'épreuve de la pratique intervient-elle dans la construction ou dans la crise de ce rapport aux sciences ?Le rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences tel que nous le définissons par ce travail s'exprime au moins à trois niveaux articulés. D'un premier point de vue, la construction d'un rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences par l'expérience vécue se laisse appréhender par le recensement des pratiques de communication quotidiennement éprouvées, qui forgent un espace mental de la recherche, où s'associent représentation de la science et représentation de soi. A un deuxième niveau, l'espace de l'entretien rend possible la construction d'un discours à distance de cette expérience, où l'enquêté se positionne vis à vis de ce qu'il rapporte. Il mobilise notamment des normes et valeurs dans le discours qu'il tisse sur son parcours, sa pratique de recherche et sur lui-même. Celles-ci, en tant que ressources discursives, participent à l'expression et à l'actualisation, au moment-même de la situation d'entretien, d'un rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences. Enfin, nous distinguons un troisième niveau de construction de ce rapport identitaire et culturel aux sciences, dans la situation de communication que constitue l'entretien. L'enquêté élabore un discours situé et contextualisé où parcours, pratique et (re)présentation de soi se mêlent et s'éprouvent dans un ajustement permanent entre l'enquêté et l'enquêteur. La réflexivité, tout à la fois objet d'étude, concept, ensemble de pratiques et d'actions, mais aussi en tant que critère de scientificité, est au centre de ce travail et au cœur de la démarche de chercheur que je cherche à mettre en œuvre.

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Bisso, Alfaro Fátima Aurora. "Caries dental, pH salival y niveles de Streptococcus mutans en adolescentes con Síndrome de Down y adolescentes normales, de la ciudad de Lima : 2003". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2771.

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Este estudio se efectuó con el propósito de: conecer la prevalencia con que se presenta la caries dental, determinar el pH salival y los niveles salivales de Streptococcus mutans en adolescentes con síndrome Down comparándolos con adolescentes normales en el Perú. Para ello se examinaron 33 adolescentes con síndrome Down y 33 adolescentes normales con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 19 años de edad de 3 centros de educación especial, y 1 escuela de educación secundaria de Lima respectivamente. Los resultados de la investigación revelan que : La prevalencia de caries dental en adolescentes con síndrome Down fue menor que la de los adolescentes normales. El índice de CPO-S de los adolescentes con síndrome Down fue 11.06 y el de los adolescentes normales fue de 12.45, sin existir diferencia estadística significativa entre estos valores. El valor del promedio del pH salival encontrado en los adolescentes con síndrome Down fue de 7,27 mientras que los adolescentes normales fue de 6,91, existiendo diferencia estadística significativa entre estos valores. En cuanto a los niveles salivales de Streptococcus mutans se encontró que el mayor porcentaje de los adolescentes con síndrome Down y adolescentes normales tuvieron un recuento medio. Haciendo una comparación de promedios de unidades formadoras de colonias se encontró los siguientes valores, para los adolescentes con síndrome Down 335015.76 y para los adolescentes normales 383695.76 no existiendo diferencia estadística significativa entre estos valores.
-- This study was done with the purpose of: to know the prevalency of dental caries and to determine the salivary pH and the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans in teenagers with Down Síndrome, comparing them with normal teenagers, in Perú. For this purpose, 33 teenagers with Down Syndrome and 33 normal teenagers between 13 and 19 years old of 3 special education centers and 1 secundary school of Lima respectively were examinated. The results of the research reveal that: The dental caries prevalency in teenagers with Down Syndrome was lower than the prevalency in normal teenagers. The CPO-S indicator in teenagers with Down Syndrome was 11.06 and in normal teenagers was 12.45. There is no statistically significant difference between those values. The average of the salivary pH found in teenagers with Down Syndrome was 7.27, while in normal teenagers was 6.91. Statistically significant difference exist between those values. About the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans, the result was that the majority of teenagers with Down Syndrome and normal teenagers had an intermediate recount. Doing a comparisson of the UFC of Streptococcus mutans average we found the following values: for the teenagers with Down Syndrome the average was 335015.76 and for the normal teenagers the average was 383695.76. There is no statistically significant difference between those values.
Tesis

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Ferreira, Danielle Cristina Barreto Honorato. "Caracterização física, química e histológica de carnes de peru PSE e normal e de cortes comerciais e obtenção de isolado de colágeno de barbelas". Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000210019.

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O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de carne de peru e devido à evolução positiva na comercialização destas carnes há necessidade de uma avaliação da atual produção com caracterização das carnes de peru PSE e Normal, e dos diferentes cortes comerciais de perus e propor alternativas de aproveitamento de seus subprodutos industriais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas, químicas e histológicas de carnes de peru PSE e Normal, caracterizar os diferentes cortes comerciais quanto à composição química, física e estabilidade oxidativa e estabelecer a melhor condição de extração e obtenção do isolado de colágeno (IC) de barbelas. As amostras foram obtidas em um abatedouro localizado na região sul do Brasil. Para avaliação das carnes PSE e normal, os peitos de peru foram classificados em PSE (L*≥ 53) e Normal (L*< 53) e avaliados quanto ao pH, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda por cozimento (PPC), força de cisalhamento (FC), índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (IFM), desnaturação proteica (DP) e aspectos histológicos. Os cortes comerciais de peru foram caracterizados quanto ao pH, cor (L*,a*, b*), composição química, perfil de ácidos graxos e estabilidade oxidativa. Para estabelecer a melhor condição de extração e obtenção de IC foi aplicado o planejamento fatorial completo 22 e avaliado o conteúdo de colágeno, rendimento, grau de purificação e perfil de eletroforese. O pH nos peitos de peru PSE foi menor do que no Normal. A CRA e FC nas carnes PSE apresentaram redução de 2% e 13%, respectivamente; enquanto que a PPC, DP e IFM foram 10%, 21% e 3% maior do que na carne Normal. O diâmetro da fibra muscular PSE foi 19,5% menor em relação à carne Normal, o que caracterizou um maior espaçamento no endomísio que foi promovido pela maior exsudação de água nas carnes PSE. Portanto, as propriedades funcionais da carne de peru PSE são comprometidas. Dos cortes comerciais de perus, o peito apresentou maior conteúdo de proteínas, cinzas, AGP, ômega 3 e ômega 6 e maior estabilidade oxidativa. Enquanto que a coxa, sobrecoxa, asa e pescoço apresentaram características similares de composição química, pH, cor e perfil de ácidos graxos. A pele apresentou menor conteúdo de proteínas, cinzas, AGP, ômega 3 e ômega 6 e menor estabilidade oxidativa. Destaca-se que entre os cortes comerciais de peru, a asa, peito e sobrecoxa apresentaram elevado conteúdo de proteínas e relação AGP/AGS. Para extração e obtenção de IC de barbelas de perus machos a melhor condição do processo foi quando utilizou o pH do ácido acético igual a 2,0 e 0,05% de pepsina, com rendimento de IC de 25% e grau de purificação de 3,9 vezes. O perfil de eletroforese do IC foi similar ao do colágeno tipo I. O processo de obtenção de IC de barbelas de perus machos é simples e viável para ser executada e pode ser recomendada a indústria para reaproveitar este subproduto para elaboração de um aditivo com múltiplas aplicações.
Brazil is the third turkey meat producer worldwide and due to the positive evolution in the commercialization of this product, it is necessary an evaluation of the current production with characterization of turkey meat PSE or Normal, and of the different commercial cuts and offer alternatives for its industrial by-products applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical, chemical and histological characteristics of PSE and Normal turkey meat, classify different commercial cuts according to chemical composition, physical and oxidative stability, and establish the best condition for extracting and obtaining the isolate collagen (IC) of wattle. The samples were obtained from a slaughterhouse located in the southern region of Brazil. Turkey breasts were classified as PSE (L*≥ 53) and Normal (L*<53), and evaluated according to pH, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), protein denaturation (DP) and histological aspects. Color (L *, a *, b *), pH, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability were evaluated in commercial turkey meat cuts. In order to establish the best condition for extracting and obtaining IC the factorial design 22 was applied to evaluate the collagen content, yield, degree of purification and electrophoresis profile. PSE turkey breasts pH was lower than Normal. WHC and SF in PSE meat presented reduction of 2% and 13%, respectively; while CL, PD and MFI were 10%, 21% and 3% higher than Normal meat. The diameter of the muscle fiber PSE was 19.5% smaller compared to Normal meat, which characterized a greater spacing in the endomysium promoted by the greater exudation of water in the PSE meat. Therefore, the functional properties of turkey meat PSE are compromised. Protein content, ashes, PGA, omega 3, omega 6 and oxidative stability were higher in turkey breasts. Drumstick, thigh, wing and neck presented similar chemical composition, pH, color and fatty acid profile. Turkey skin presented lower content of proteins, ashes, PGA, omega 3 and omega 6 and lower oxidative stability. Among commercial turkey cuts, wings, breasts and thighs presented higher protein content and PGA/SGA ratio. The best process condition for extracting and obtaining IC from male turkeys was: acetic acid pH 2.0, pepsin 0.05%, 25% IC yield and 3,9 times degree of purification. The IC electrophoresis profile was similar to type I collagen. The IC obtention from male turkeys' wattle is simple and feasible. Thus, the usage of this by-product as a flexible food additive is highly recommended to the industry for multiple applications.

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Valentinsson, Felicia y Teresia Engfors. "Från hemmarfru till karriärkvinna : En kvalitativ jämförelsestudie mellan kvinnliga 90-talisters och 60-talisters upplevelser av karriär och utbildning samt hur normer och förväntningar påverkar den unga kvinnan i samhället". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105757.

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The purpose of this study was to get a deeper appreciation of young women's experiences based on choice of education and career after completing high school. Furthermore the study is based on mothers born in the 60's and daughters born in the 90's in the same family to be able to make a comparison and try to identify why womens stress level is so high today. The methodological approach used in this study is a qualitative method based on ten individual life stories. Moreover the material in this essay has been developed through an analytical induction. Theoretically, this study has used Pierre Bourdieu's cultural sociological perspective and the concepts of habitus, capital and social field in order to be able to identify what shapes women's life choices. An additional theoretical basis used in this study is Beverly Skeggs respectability and the concept of subject positions which is used to descirbe the different visions constructed based on how women should act in contexts linked to gender and class. This essay has concluded that norms and expectations from the society have changed between the generations. The majority of women today feel that there are expectations of studiyng a post-secondary education at the same time as they have to invest in the family. Additionally, this study summarizes that people born in the 90's have experienced more or less stress related to education and career, than people born in the 60's. Furthermore this essay has concluded that starting a family and family background in one way or another affect women's attitudes towards education and career.

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Medin, Jonas. "Career- And Vocational Guidance At Beijing Normal University : A Minor Field Study". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80827.

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The field study explores the experiences that Chinese students at Beijing Normal University have fromCareer Orientation (CO) and examines the purpose that career teachers at the university have in theCO-work. Interviews with three career teachers and five students were done.The results show that all of the students had experiences from CO in different forms. However, mostof the experiences that the students had from CO were connected to lectures about work possibilitiesand preparations rather than one-on-one career guiding sessions with a career teacher. Furthermore,the experiences also showed that the work that was done by the career teachers was much focused tothe end of the student’s education and the transmission from education to labor market.

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20

Moreno, Adriano Andrade. "Desenvolvimento do segundo e terceiro pilares da Segurança Social: o caso de Cabo Verde". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6234.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Matemática e Aplicações, no ramo Actuariado, Estatística e Investigação Operacional
Em Cabo Verde, de acordo com o Decreto-Lei no 5/2004 de 16 de Fevereiro, a taxa de substituição líquida (isto é, o quociente entre o valor da primeira pensão a receber da Segurança Social e o último salário auferido, ambos líquidos de impostos) é, no máximo, de 80%. Mais importante que isso, é a incerteza quanto ao recebimento do seu benefício de reforma uma vez que a sustentabilidade do sistema público de Segurança Social é, mais cedo ou mais tarde, posta em causa pois, apesar da juventude da população Cabo-Verdiana, constata-se uma diminuição progressiva da taxa de natalidade e um aumento da esperança de vida. O objectivo central desta dissertação consiste na determinação do esforço complementar que cada indivíduo terá que fazer para complementar a sua pensão de reforma, recorrendo aos sistemas especializados de captação da poupança, como é o caso dos Planos de Poupança Reforma (PPR). Assim, tomando como base a evolução da mortalidade da população Portuguesa de 1969 a 2009 (Human Mortality Database), devido á falta de informação relevante sobre Cabo Verde, ou mesmo de outros países Africanos da zona com experiências documentadas, procura-se construir uma tábua de mortalidade prospectiva que permitiria analisar a evolução dos indicadores, esperança de vida à nascença, esperança de vida à idade normal de reforma e a renda vitalícia à idade normal de reforma. Isto justifi ca-se pelo facto de as tabelas de mortalidade existentes, não incluírem a incerteza em torno da evolução da mortalidade, o que trará consequências ao nível da avaliação da capacidade das institui ções para respeitarem os seus compromissos e dos cidadãos, para se precaverem de uma eventual redução do poder de consumo na velhice. Para a construção da referida tábua de mortalidade dinâmica aplica-se o modelo de Lee-Carter [Lee e Carter, 1992], e utiliza-se o método de Denuit-Goderniaux [Denuit e Quashie, 2005], para o fecho da tábua. Com base na renda vitalícia à idade normal de reforma (INR), determina-se o capital necessário ao plano de poupança reforma (PPR) para que o indivíduo, ao se reformar, receba 100% do seu último salário. Apresentam-se algumas alternativas para o financiamento desse mesmo capital. Serão realizadas, também, análises de sensibilidade a parâmetros do modelo.

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Frota, Fabíola Diogo de Siqueira [UNESP]. "Interrelação entre o tempo de amamentação, introdução de hábitos bucais deletérios, cárie precoce e a ocorrência de maloclusão em crianças com deficiência e de crianças fenotipicamente normais: estudo comparativo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95458.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 frota_fds_me_araca.pdf: 829246 bytes, checksum: 5db38225d88fe229f93bc7908dc7f33a (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A criança portadora de necessidades especiais é aquela que apresenta desvios da normalidade de ordem física, mental, sensorial, comportamental ou de crescimento. A odontologia para o bebê se fundamentou em três princípios: educação, atenção precoce e determinação, reversão e controle dos fatores de risco, de forma a promover a saúde bucal. A atenção odontológica precoce para bebês portadores de necessidades especiais, se funde com a odontologia para bebês “normais”, pois não é o indivíduo e sim a condição de ser bebê é que deve ser considerada especial. O leite materno é considerado o melhor alimento para o recém-nascido, pois possui elementos essenciais ao crescimento físico, funcionamento imunológico e desenvolvimento psicológico das crianças, especialmente, ao longo do primeiro ano de vida, propiciando o desenvolvimento normal de todo o complexo craniofacial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e relacionar o tempo de aleitamento materno com a introdução de hábitos bucais, cárie precoce e ocorrência de maloclusão em crianças de 1 a 4 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, matriculadas e assistidas no Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Portadores de Necessidades Especiais, Unidade Auxiliar de Estrutura Complexa, na APAE de Araçatuba e na Bebê Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia do Campus de Araçatuba, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”. Utilizou-se um questionário, com perguntas pertinentes ao assunto, que foi respondido pelas respectivas mães e/ou cuidadores destes. E, para complementar foram realizados exames clínicos bucais nestas crianças, para análise de suas condições de saúde bucal. Para análise estatística foram aplicados testes de associação, Qui-quadrado ou Fisher, ao nível de significância a 5% e os resultados foram significativos quando...
The child with special needs is the one who presents physical, mental, sensorial, behavioral or growth normality deviations. Dentistry for babies has been based upon in three principles: education, early attention and determination, reversion and control of risk factors, in order to promote oral health. Early dental care for babies with special needs is joined to the dentistry for “normal” babies, because it is not the individual but the condition of being baby that must be considered as special. Maternal milk is considered to be the best nutriment for the new-born, because it has essential elements to the physical growth, immunological system and psychological development of children, especially along of the first year of life, allowing the normal development of the whole craniofacial complex. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and to relate time of breast feeding with the introduction o bad oral habits, early caries and the occurrence of malocclusion in children aging between 1 and 4 years, from both genders, registered and assisted at the Center of Dental Assistance to Patients with Special Needs (Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Portadores de Necessidades Especiais), Auxiliary Unity of Complex Structure (Unidade Auxiliar de Estrutura Complexa), APAE of Araçatuba and at the Baby Clinics (Bebê Clínica) from Araçatuba School of Dentistry of the Sao Paulo State University. A questionnaire was used, with questions related to this subject, which was answered by the babies’ respective mothers or carers. In order to complement the investigation, oral clinical exams were accomplished in these children for the analysis of their oral health condition. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis which included association tests, qui-squared or Fishers tests, at 5% significance level and the results... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

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22

Frota, Fabíola Diogo de Siqueira. "Interrelação entre o tempo de amamentação, introdução de hábitos bucais deletérios, cárie precoce e a ocorrência de maloclusão em crianças com deficiência e de crianças fenotipicamente normais : estudo comparativo /". Araçatuba, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95458.

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Orientador: Sandra Maria Herondina Ávila de Aguiar
Banca: Robson Frederico Cunha
Banca: Wanda Terezinha Garbelini Frossard
Resumo: A criança portadora de necessidades especiais é aquela que apresenta desvios da normalidade de ordem física, mental, sensorial, comportamental ou de crescimento. A odontologia para o bebê se fundamentou em três princípios: educação, atenção precoce e determinação, reversão e controle dos fatores de risco, de forma a promover a saúde bucal. A atenção odontológica precoce para bebês portadores de necessidades especiais, se funde com a odontologia para bebês "normais", pois não é o indivíduo e sim a condição de ser bebê é que deve ser considerada especial. O leite materno é considerado o melhor alimento para o recém-nascido, pois possui elementos essenciais ao crescimento físico, funcionamento imunológico e desenvolvimento psicológico das crianças, especialmente, ao longo do primeiro ano de vida, propiciando o desenvolvimento normal de todo o complexo craniofacial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e relacionar o tempo de aleitamento materno com a introdução de hábitos bucais, cárie precoce e ocorrência de maloclusão em crianças de 1 a 4 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, matriculadas e assistidas no Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Portadores de Necessidades Especiais, Unidade Auxiliar de Estrutura Complexa, na APAE de Araçatuba e na Bebê Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia do Campus de Araçatuba, da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho". Utilizou-se um questionário, com perguntas pertinentes ao assunto, que foi respondido pelas respectivas mães e/ou cuidadores destes. E, para complementar foram realizados exames clínicos bucais nestas crianças, para análise de suas condições de saúde bucal. Para análise estatística foram aplicados testes de associação, Qui-quadrado ou Fisher, ao nível de significância a 5% e os resultados foram significativos quando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The child with special needs is the one who presents physical, mental, sensorial, behavioral or growth normality deviations. Dentistry for babies has been based upon in three principles: education, early attention and determination, reversion and control of risk factors, in order to promote oral health. Early dental care for babies with special needs is joined to the dentistry for "normal" babies, because it is not the individual but the condition of being baby that must be considered as special. Maternal milk is considered to be the best nutriment for the new-born, because it has essential elements to the physical growth, immunological system and psychological development of children, especially along of the first year of life, allowing the normal development of the whole craniofacial complex. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and to relate time of breast feeding with the introduction o bad oral habits, early caries and the occurrence of malocclusion in children aging between 1 and 4 years, from both genders, registered and assisted at the Center of Dental Assistance to Patients with Special Needs (Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Portadores de Necessidades Especiais), Auxiliary Unity of Complex Structure (Unidade Auxiliar de Estrutura Complexa), APAE of Araçatuba and at the Baby Clinics (Bebê Clínica) from Araçatuba School of Dentistry of the Sao Paulo State University. A questionnaire was used, with questions related to this subject, which was answered by the babies' respective mothers or carers. In order to complement the investigation, oral clinical exams were accomplished in these children for the analysis of their oral health condition. The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis which included association tests, qui-squared or Fishers tests, at 5% significance level and the results... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Martins, Joana D'Arc Medeiros. "Estudo sobre a aderência de laudos contábeis às normas técnicas do conselho federal de contabilidade, produzidos em processos judiciais envolvendo cartões de crédito, falência e sistema financeiro de habitação na comarca de Natal/RN". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2710.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa Multiinstitucional e Inter-regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2007.
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A prova pericial contábil tem exercido um papel essencial no ambiente judicial, auxiliando os magistrados na fundamentação necessária para o julgamento de ações que envolvem conflitos de interesses patrimoniais. Para tanto, o perito contábil necessita de instrumentos que o auxiliem na elaboração de laudos e pareceres objetivos, tecnicamente corretos e oportunos. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se os laudos periciais contábeis em processos judiciais envolvendo cartão de crédito, falência e sistema financeiro da habitação, distribuídos às Varas Cíveis da Comarca de Natal, são elaborados de acordo com as normas técnicas emanadas do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade. Para realização desta pesquisa, foi feita a identificação dos processos judiciais que tratam de cartão de crédito, falência e sistema financeiro de habitação, bem como foram coletados trinta laudos, dez de cada espécie, nas Varas Cíveis e junto a peritos que nelas atuam. Os laudos periciais foram submetidos à análise de forma e de conteúdo, para verificação de sua aderência às normas técnicas periciais emitidas pelo CFC. A partir do exame dos laudos, objeto da pesquisa, no que se refere à sua forma e ao seu conteúdo foi possível transformar os dados qualitativos em dados quantitativos, o que possibilitou o tratamento estatístico no que se refere à análise descritiva dos dados, bem como testes de hipóteses, realizados a partir de testes não paramétricos. A análise demonstra que, os laudos examinados em processos de cartão de crédito, falência e sistema financeiro de habitação pesquisados (10 laudos) de cada grupo, apresentaram um grau de aderência satisfatório no atendimento ao que emana das normas periciais editadas pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade. A pesquisa mostra que os peritos que elaboraram esses laudos estão seguindo as normas profissionais, sinalizando ao Conselho Federal de Contabilidade a preocupação e aderência às normas por parte daqueles peritos. No entanto, não é possível generalizar para todos os laudos apresentados na Comarca de Natal/RN, mas para os laudos analisados no estudo. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The account expertness proof has had an important role in the judicial environment, helping the magistrates to have a theoretical background which is necessary to judge the cases that involve conflicts of patrimony interests. According to this, the expert accounter needs some tools that help him to elaborate objective reports technically correct. This research has the aim of checking if the independent accounting report in judicial processes, involving credit cards, bankruptcy and housing financial system, distributed to Civil Jurisdiction from Comarca of Natal, are elaborated according to the technical rules established by the Federal Accounting Counselor .In order to continue this research we identified the judicial processes about credit card, bankruptcy and housing financial system. Datas were collected – thirty reports (ten from each kind), in the Civil Jurisdiction with the experts who work on them. The independent accounting reports were submitted to analysis about its form and content, checking its adherence to the technical rules emitted by the CFC. According to the reports, related to their form and their content, it was possible to transform the qualitative data into quantitative data. This made possible the statistic treatment related to the descriptive analysis of data, as well as hypothetical tests, resulted from tests which are not parametric. The analysis of the result showed that in general the reports studied, involving judicial processes about credit card, bankruptcy and housing financial system present adherence to the technical rules of experts, edited by the Federal Accounting Counselor.

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Bredberg, Mimmi, Micaela Malmström y Elin Jonsson. "Kvinnor och ledarskap i förändring : “In the future, there will be no female leaders. There will just be leaders.”". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74634.

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Denna kandidatuppsats inom företagsekonomi är en kvalitativ studie som inriktar sig på ämnet kvinnor och ledarskap. Studien belyser och problematiserar betydelsen av normen kring ledarskap och föreställningar om manlighet. Flera forskare har uppmärksammat att normer som präglar ledarskap innehåller maskulina undertoner, vilket har inneburit att det blivit mer naturligt för män att inneha de egenskaper som associeras med en ledare. Trots att ledarskap vanligtvis beskrivs ur ett könsneutralt perspektiv, pekar forskare på att det finns upplevda skillnader i hur män och kvinnor utövar sitt ledarskap. Majoriteten av den forskning som finns inom ledarskap ur ett normkritiskt perspektiv pekar på att samhället är i förändring, och där med synen på ledarskap. Dock saknas konkreta exempel på hur dessa förändringar har yttrat sig. Det finns en brist på kunskap gällande hur hinder och möjligheter uppfattas av kvinnor som idag befinner sig i ledande positioner inom företagsvärlden. Hur har denna förändring på synen på ledarskap påverkat deras karriärer? Uppsatsens syfte är att synliggöra hur kvinnor i ledarskapspositioner upplever karriärhinder och karriärmöjligheter. Teorin baseras på områden inom ledarskap och genus med fokus på hinder och möjligheter inom kvinnors karriärer. Empirinsamlingen bygger på fem intervjuer med kvinnor i ledande befattningar där varje kvinna fått dela med sig av sin berättelse. Studien påvisar att kvinnorna idag upplever flera av de hinder och möjligheter som tidigare forskning pekar på. Däremot belyser vår studie även hur de förändringar som skett i samhället har påverkat synen på ledarskap idag. Vidare kan det, baserat på studiens resultat, dras slutsatser kring hur dessa förändringar har yttrat sig. Detta är något som visade sig vara i de jämställda företagen där kvinnorna idag arbetar.
This Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration is a qualitative study focusing on the subject of women and leadership. The study highlights and problematizes the importance of stereotypical perceptions among leadership. Several researchers have described that the norms that characterize leadership contains a masculine undertone. Therefore it has become more natural for men to possess the attributes associated with a leader. Although leadership is usually described in a gender-neutral perspective, researchers point out that there are perceived differences in how men and women exercise their leadership. The majority of the research in leadership from a norm-critical point of view shows that society is changing and so are the view of leadership. However there is a lack of knowledge about how career-related barriers and career-related opportunities are perceived by females who are in leading positions in the corporate world today. We have been using qualitative research methods and the data was collected by interviewing five women in leadership positions in gender equal companies. The study shows that female leaders in the present experience several of the barriers and opportunities that previous research has shown. On the other hand, our study also highlights the changes that takes place in the society and influences the view of leadership in present tense.

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Boudehri, Karima. "Caractérisation génomique de facteurs impliqués dans la qualité organoleptique du fruit chez le pêcher (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13843/document.

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La qualité du fruit est un critère incontournable de sélection chez les Rosacées fruitières, et l’acidité constitue une composante majeure de la qualité organoleptique. Toutefois, les mécanismes physiologiques et moléculaires contrôlant l'acidité des fruits restent mal connus. Chez le pêcher, le caractère non acide du fruit est contrôlé par le locus D. Une descendance F2 de 208 individus issus d'un croisement entre une variété de pêche non acide ‘Ferjalou Jalousia®’ et une variété de nectarine normalement acide, ‘Fantasia’ (JxF) a été analysée pour différents caractères agronomiques dont l’acidité du fruit. Cette descendance a servi à la réalisation d’une carte génétique et ainsi à la localisation du locus D sur le groupe de liaison 5 (GL5). Ce locus co-localise avec des QTL à effet majeur impliqués dans l’acidité titrable, le pH, la teneur en acides organiques ainsi que des QTL à effet plus faible pour la teneur en sucres solubles. De nombreux gènes candidats impliqués dans la synthèse des acides organiques, la dégradation et le stockage vacuolaire avaient été précédemment étudiés. Cependant, aucun gène candidat n’a encore été cartographié dans la région du locus D, excluant ainsi leur rôle direct dans le contrôle de l’acidité du fruit. Ceci s’explique par la complexité des voies métaboliques des acides organiques et par l’implication de transporteurs, de canaux et de pompes à protons qui rendent l'identification du ou des gène(s) associés au locus D plus complexe par une approche gène candidat. Par conséquent, une approche de clonage positionnel a été menée dans la présente étude afin d’identifier le ou les gène(s) intervenant dans le contrôle de l’acidité du fruit chez le pêcher dans le but de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires et physiologiques sous-jacents. La recherche de marqueurs liés au locus D a été réalisée par BSA-AFLP. Trente quatre marqueurs AFLP ont été cartographiés sur le GL5 et les six marqueurs les plus proches ont été convertis en marqueurs SCAR codominants. Une carte génétique fine de la région contenant le locus D a ensuite été réalisée à partir d’une descendance F2 élargie à 1 718 individus et à l’aide des six marqueurs SCAR et de trois marqueurs microsatellites précédemment cartographiés dans cette région. L’ensemble des données de génotypage et de phénotypage des individus ayant subi un événement de recombinaison dans la région du locus d’intérêt, a permis la localisation précise du locus D dans un intervalle de 0,4 cM. En parallèle, une banque BAC d’une couverture estimée à 15 fois la taille du génome haploïde du pêcher a été réalisée et son criblage a permis d’évaluer le rapport distance physique/distance génétique dans cette région à 250 kb/cM. Après deux étapes de marche sur le chromosome, une carte physique de la région a été construite en intégrant 16 marqueurs issus du séquençage d’extrémités de BAC. Un clone BAC de 98 kb contenant l’allèle D et un autre de 78 kb contenant l’allèle d ont été séquencés. L’annotation des séquences des deux allèles a mis en évidence onze gènes candidats. De nouveaux marqueurs développés à partir des séquences de ces deux BAC ont ensuite permis de préciser la localisation du locus d’intérêt dans un intervalle de 16 kb. Dans cette région deux gènes ont été identifiés : un gène de résistance et un gène codant pour un transporteur. Une approche transcriptionnelle a été initiée en complément du clonage positionnel afin de fournir un premier élément pouvant confirmer l’implication d’un ou plusieurs gène(s) candidat(s) positionnel(s) dans l’acidité du fruit chez le pêcher
Acidity is an essential component of the organoleptic quality of fleshy fruits. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms that control fruit acidity remain unclear. In peach low-acidity is determined at the D locus by the dominant allele. A peach progeny of 208 F2 individuals obtained from a cross between ‘Ferjalou Jalousia®’ (a low-acid peach) and ‘Fantasia’ (a normally acid nectarine) varieties (JxF) was analyzed for several agronomical traits. This peach F2 progeny segregating for several mendelian traits, was analyzed for fruit quality traits including fruit acidity and used for the construction of a genetic linkage map. The D locus was mapped to the proximal end of linkage group 5 (LG5) and co-localized with major QTLs involved in the control of fruit pH, titratable acidity and organic acid concentration and minor QTLs for sugar concentration. Several candidate genes involved in organic acids synthesis, degradation or vacuolar storage have previously been studied. However, none of these candidate genes were located on in the region of the D locus, excluding their direct role in the control of fruit acidity by the D locus. The complexity of organic acids metabolic pathways as well as the involvement of transporters and channels and related proton pumps has hampered, so far, the identification of the gene(s) associated to the D locus using a candidate gene approach. Thus, in order to investigate the molecular and physiological bases of fruit acidity in peach, a positional cloning strategy of the D locus was undertaken for the isolation of the gene(s) underlying this trait. Using a BSA-AFLP method, 34 AFLP markers were mapped to the LG5, and the six nearest markers were transformed into codominant SCAR markers. These SCAR markers and three previously mapped SSR markers were used to genotype an F2 segregating progeny extended to 1,718 F2 individuals. A high-resolution map of the D locus was realized after genotyping and phenotyping recombinant individuals. Using these recombinant plants we delimited the D locus to a genetic interval of 0.4 cM. We also constructed a peach BAC library with a covering estimated at 15 x the peach haploid genome. The screening of the BAC library with tightly linked markers indicated that 1 cM corresponds to 250 kb at the vicinity of the D locus and allowed the construction of the physical map in two walks integrating 16 markers obtained from the BACends sequences. Two BAC clones harbouring the D locus were identified and sequenced; one BAC clone of 98 kb containing the D dominant allele and another one of 78 kb containing the d recessive allele. Eleven predicted genes were found in the sequenced region. A new set of markers was developed which allowed the localization of the D locus in a 16 kb interval. In this region, two genes were identified: a resistance gene and a gene encoding for a transporter. A transcriptional approach was initiated in addition to the positional cloning strategy to provide a first element which could confirm the involvement of one or more identified positional candidate gene(s) in the control of peach fruit acidity

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Kadri, Imen. "Controlled estimation algorithms of disparity map using a compensation compression scheme for stereoscopic image coding". Thesis, Paris 13, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA131002.

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Ces dernières années ont vu apparaître de nombreuses applications utilisant la technologie 3D tels que les écrans de télévisions 3D, les écrans auto-stéréoscopiques ou encore la visio-conférence stéréoscopique. Cependant ces applications nécessitent des techniques bien adaptées pour comprimer efficacement le volume important de données à transmettre ou à stocker. Les travaux développés dans cette thèse concernent le codage d’images stéréoscopiques et s’intéressent en particulier à l'amélioration de l'estimation de la carte de disparité dans un schéma de Compression avec Compensation de Disparité (CCD). Habituellement, l'algorithme d’appariement de blocs similaires dans les deux vues permet d’estimer la carte de disparité en cherchant à minimiser l’erreur quadratique moyenne entre la vue originale et sa version reconstruite sans compensation de disparité. L’erreur de reconstruction est ensuite codée puis décodée afin d’affiner (compenser) la vue prédite. Pour améliorer la qualité de la vue reconstruite, dans un schéma de codage par CCD, nous avons prouvé que le concept de sélectionner la disparité en fonction de l'image compensée plutôt que de l'image prédite donne de meilleurs résultats. En effet, les simulations montrent que notre algorithme non seulement réduit la redondance inter-vue mais également améliore la qualité de la vue reconstruite et compensée par rapport à la méthode habituelle de codage avec compensation de disparité. Cependant, cet algorithme de codage requiert une grande complexité de calculs. Pour remédier à ce problème, une modélisation simplifiée de la manière dont le codeur JPEG (à savoir la quantification des composantes DCT) impacte la qualité de l’information codée est proposée. En effet, cette modélisation a permis non seulement de réduire la complexité de calculs mais également d’améliorer la qualité de l’image stéréoscopique décodée dans un contexte CCD. Dans la dernière partie, une métrique minimisant conjointement la distorsion et le débit binaire est proposée pour estimer la carte de disparité en combinant deux algorithmes de codage d’images stéréoscopiques dans un schéma CCD
Nowadays, 3D technology is of ever growing demand because stereoscopic imagingcreate an immersion sensation. However, the price of this realistic representation is thedoubling of information needed for storage or transmission purpose compared to 2Dimage because a stereoscopic pair results from the generation of two views of the samescene. This thesis focused on stereoscopic image coding and in particular improving thedisparity map estimation when using the Disparity Compensated Compression (DCC)scheme.Classically, when using Block Matching algorithm with the DCC, a disparity mapis estimated between the left image and the right one. A predicted image is thencomputed.The difference between the original right view and its prediction is called theresidual error. This latter, after encoding and decoding, is injected to reconstruct theright view by compensation (i.e. refinement) . Our first developed algorithm takes intoaccount this refinement to estimate the disparity map. This gives a proof of conceptshowing that selecting disparity according to the compensated image instead of thepredicted one is more efficient. But this done at the expense of an increased numericalcomplexity. To deal with this shortcoming, a simplified modelling of how the JPEGcoder, exploiting the quantization of the DCT components, used for the residual erroryields with the compensation is proposed. In the last part, to select the disparity mapminimizing a joint bitrate-distortion metric is proposed. It is based on the bitrateneeded for encoding the disparity map and the distortion of the predicted view.This isby combining two existing stereoscopic image coding algorithms

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Kileh, Wais Mohamed. "Méthodes statistiques pour la détection de QTL : nouveaux développements et applications chez le canard mulard". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0054/document.

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La recherche de QTL par régression des phénotypes sur les probabilités de transmission (modèle Haley-Knott) est une méthode très largement utilisée quand on dispose de grandes familles phénotypées par des caractères gaussiens. L'objectif de cette thèse d'un point de vue méthodologique, est de proposer une méthode de détection de QTL qui prend en compte des effectifs de familles petits d'une part, et l'existence de caractères discrets d'autre part. Ainsi, nous proposons, pour répondre à la première question, une approche de détection de QTL intégrant dans le calcul du mérite génétique des individus marqués, les performances calculées sur n générations de descendants. L'obtention d'un mérite génétique dérégressé comme substitut de phénotypes, proposé notamment par Weller et al (1990) et Tribout et al (2008), est donc généralisée. Ensuite, sont présentés les résultats de comparaisons d'un modèle supposant la normalité des données à un modèle à seuils faisant l'hypothèse d'une distribution continue sous jacente à la distribution observée dans la détection de QTL des caractères discrets. Nous démontrons ici que le modèle discret est plus précis et plus puissant quand le caractère étudié possède trois modalités distribuées de façon déséquilibrée dans la population.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, l'analyse des données du protocole GENECAN a été réalisée. Il s'agit d'identifier les régions du génome ou locus à caractère quantitatif (QTL), associées à des caractères d'intérêt mesurés sur des canards mulards gavés. Le canard mulard est un hybride interspécifique obtenu par croisement d'une cane commune (Anas platyrhynchos) et d'un canard de Barbarie (Cairina moschata). Trois cents quarante deux canes communes conçues en back-cross (BC) ont été générées par croisement d'une lignée de canard Kaiya et d'une lignée de canard Pékin lourd. Ces femelles BC ont été accouplées avec des canards de Barbarie pour produire 1600 canards mulards sur lesquels sont effectuées des mesures de croissance, de métabolisme au cours de la période de croissance et du gavage, d'aptitude au gavage et de qualités du magret et du foie gras. La valeur phénotypique des femelles BC marquées a été estimée, pour chaque caractère, comme étant la valeur moyenne des phénotypes de sa progéniture et pondérée par un coefficient de détermination (CD) fonction du nombre de descendants et de l'héritabilité du caractère étudié. Une carte génétique de 91 marqueurs microsatellites réparties sur 16 groupes de liaison (GL) et couvrant un total de 778 cM a été utilisée. Dans le cadre de l'analyse uni-caractère, vingt-deux QTL significatifs à 1% au niveau du chromosome ont été cartographiés. Ces QTLs sont pour la plupart impliqués dans la variabilité de la qualité du magret et du foie gras. Les zones chromosomiques d'intérêt, identifiées dans le cadre de cette étude devront dans le futur, être densifiées en marqueurs pour faire l'objet d'une cartographie fine
QTL detection using the regression of phenotypes on transmission probability is largely used when large families phenotyped for Gaussian trait are available. The aim of this thesis from a methodological point of view, is to propose a method for detection of QTL that takes into account the small number of families on the one hand, and the existence of discrete traits on the other. Thus, we propose to answer the first question, an QTL detection approach, integrating in the calculation of genetic merit of genotyped individuals, the performances calculated over n generations of descendants. The use of a ‘de-regressed proof' as a phenotype to be analysed, proposed by Weller et al. (1990) and Tribout et al. (2008) is generalized. Next, we present the results of comparisons of a model assuming normality of the data to a thresholds model assuming a continuous distribution underlying the observed distribution in the QTL detection of discrete traits. Here we demonstrate that the discrete model is more accurate and more powerful when the studied trait has three modalities distributed unevenly in the population.In the second part of the thesis, the data analysis of GENECAN protocol was performed. This is to identify genomic regions or quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with interest traits measured on over-feed mule ducks. The mule duck is an hybrid duck from a female Common duck (Anas Platyrhynchos) and a Muscovy drake (Cairina moschata). Three hundred forty two common ducks designed by back-cross (BC) were generated by crossing a line of Kaiya duck and a heavy line of Pekin duck. These BC females were mated with Muscovy ducks to produce 1600 mules ducks which undergo measures of growth, metabolism during the growth and over-feeding periods, over-feeding, of breast muscle and fatty liver qualities. The phenotypic value of genotyped BC females was estimated for each trait as the average phenotypes of their offspring and weighted by a coefficient of determination (CD) function on the number of offspring and heritability of the studied trait. The genetic map comprised 91 microsatellite markers aggregated into 16 linkage groups (LG) and representing 778 cM. For the uni-trait analysis, twenty-two QTL significant at 1% threshold in chromosome-wide have been mapped. These QTLs are mostly involved in the variability of the breast muscle and fatty liver qualities. Chromosomal regions of interest identified in the framework of this study should be in the future be densified to markers to do the fine mapping

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Cavalcante, Mantovanni Colares. "A modulação de eficácia da norma tributária em controle de constitucionalidade no Supremo Tribunal Federal". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7012.

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The proposal of this thesis is to demonstrate that the effects attributed by the Supreme Court on judicial review can not be defined without proper bond with the previous steps to the judgment of the legal action; and this modulation, considered the technique to restrict the effects of the declaration of unconstitutionality, or determine that a statement only be valid from the final judgment, from decision or other time as may be fixed, and this effects are more relevant in relation to norm of tax law, because of weakening of judicial review in a special appeal, and the strengthening of abstract judicial review, which is the analysis of tax law without regard to the particular case. As a methodological option, the thesis covers the fields of Constitutional Law, Tax Law and Procedural Law, supported by legal texts and decisions of the Supreme Court, anchored in one of the elements of the Paulo de Barros Carvalho theory of tax law, and its construction within the jurisdiction, and Pontes de Miranda theory of preponderance of loads efficacy, in order to demonstrate that there is a specific efficacy in relation to the court decision, which is to procedural efficacy. From these premises, the thesis contains a defense that modulation is the result of a link between the nature of the legal action and its efficacy from the force generated by procedural technique of kinetic energy. In the end, we present suggestions that the modulation could not be an isolated act in the judgment of Supreme Court, on the constitutionality control, with suggestion's split into three guidelines, to serve as parameters in the use of modulation, from the most rigorous, and through a median suggestion, to arrive at a proposal to set minimum procedural standards
A proposta da presente tese consiste em demonstrar que os efeitos atribuídos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no controle de constitucionalidade não podem ser definidos sem o devido vínculo com as etapas anteriores ao julgamento da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade; e essa modulação, tida como a técnica de restringir os efeitos da declaração de inconstitucionalidade, ou de determinar que tal declaração só tenha validade a partir do trânsito em julgado, da decisão ou de outro momento que venha a ser fixado, se mostra mais relevante em relação à norma tributária, por causa do enfraquecimento do controle de constitucionalidade realizado em recurso extraordinário, e do fortalecimento do controle abstrato de constitucionalidade, em que se tem a análise da norma tributária independentemente da existência de caso concreto. Como opção metodológica, a tese percorre os caminhos do Direito Constitucional, do Direito Tributário e do Direito Processual, tendo como suporte textos jurídicos e decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, ancorada em um dos elementos da teoria da norma tributária de Paulo de Barros Carvalho, qual seja, o da sua construção no âmbito da jurisdição, e na teoria da preponderância das cargas de eficácia de Pontes de Miranda, a fim de demonstrar que existe uma eficácia específica em relação à decisão judicial, que é a eficácia processual. A partir dessas premissas, faz-se a defesa de que a modulação é consequência de um vínculo existente entre a natureza da ação e a eficácia respectiva, a partir da força gerada pela técnica processual da energia cinética. No final, apresentam-se sugestões para que essa modulação não continue a ser um ato isolado e posterior ao julgamento elaborado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no controle de constitucionalidade, desdobradas em três diretrizes, a servir de parâmetros no uso da modulação, desde a mais rigorosa, passando por uma sugestão mediana, até se chegar a uma proposta de fixação de mínimos critérios procedimentais

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29

Nordin, Caroline y Lina Rasmusson. "Kariesprevalensen hos barn och ungdomar 3-19 år i de nordiska länderna". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8088.

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Aim: The aim of this present study was to assess the dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents aged 3-19 in the Nordic countries, and to examine if the caries prevalence is affected by socioeconomic and cultural differences. Method: The study is a literature review based on 20 scientific medical reports based on the aim of this study. Result: Decayed missed filled surfaces (dmfs) of the 3-year-olds varies from 0.3 to 0.99 and from 0.9 to 7.3 in 5-year-old children. The Nordic 12-year-olds have similar numerical values. In Nordic 14-year-olds caries prevalence increases. In the late teens there is a reduction in caries prevalence. Children at Greenland have five times more teeth decayed than other Danish children. Socioeconomic and cultural differences can affect the caries prevalence negatively. Conclusions: The caries prevalence in 3-19-year-olds in the Nordic countries, exceptGreenland, does not differ significantly between the countries. It is difficult to determine if the caries prevalence generally has decreased or increased in the Nordic countries. A higher caries prevalence can be seen in children with an immigrant background.

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30

Arán, Paula Daniella. "Overcoming Gender Stereotypes: A Depiction of Six Swedish Students in Non-Traditional Fields". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33422.

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The study investigates the factors that encouraged six Swedish students to choose a femaleor male-dominated field of study in higher education. This is of interest as gender normsand stereotypes may inflict and limit students' educational choices. The purpose is likewiseto elucidate the educational choices from a gender perspective. The study explores twoquestions: “Which factors may have encouraged the students to opt for a non-traditionalcareer?” “How can the students’ educational choices be understood from a genderperspective?”. To fulfil the purpose and question of issue a qualitative method was used,including female and male students aged 22–36. For the analyse of the interviews, the studyrelies on the theoretical framework of Linda Gottfredson – The Theory of Circumscription,Compromise and Self-Creation, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Lent, Brown &Hackett and The Stereotypical Gender Contract by Hirdman. The results indicate thatstudents' non-traditional educational choices consist of both internal and external factors.On the one hand, it is possible to find explanations in upbringings that have been moretolerant regarding gender roles. It has also been shown that several of the students invarious ways have been exposed to the profession through past experiences. Nevertheless,there are also personal motives that led to the choice of education as well as a supportivenetwork in form of family members and significant persons in the environment. From agender perspective, this means that the students, through their upbringing, where it appearsto have been less strict attitudes concerning gender roles, also contributed to lessrestrictions on their educational choice. On the other hand, the results imply that harmfulgender norms and stereotypes still affect students’ choice of occupation why more work isneeded in order to stop these negative patterns.

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31

Baghioni, Liza. "Faire les saisons, se faire aux saisons : une ethnologie du travail dans des stations de tourisme". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3106.

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Cette thèse traite de la condition sociale des saisonniers du tourisme selon le point de vue de l’ethnologie. Les saisonniers dont il s’agit exercent leurs activités dans des stations touristiques du Sud-est de la France et sont soumis à un régime d’embauche flexible et non-sécurisé. Cette forme d'emploi intermittente implique une mobilité professionnelle et/ou géographique qui répond aux rythmes et aux exigences du secteur touristique. Ces travailleurs questionnent un ensemble de normes vis-à-vis du salariat, des rythmes sociaux et des modes de vie dominants. Leurs emplois, socialement dévalorisés, demeurent pensés comme transitionnels. Pourtant, nombreux sont ceux qui « font les saisons » durant plusieurs années, voire toute leur vie de travailleur. Comment parviennent-ils à faire « carrière » dans le cadre d’un système d’emploi précaire ? L'analyse s'attache à saisir la place des saisonniers dans les entreprises comme dans l’espace de la station de tourisme. Cette recherche démontre que ces travailleurs sont l’objet d’un mécanisme d'invisibilisation sociale. L’attention se porte également sur l’organisation du travail dans le cadre de variations importantes du volume horaire. Enfin, l’analyse se concentre sur les diverses façons de composer avec l’intermittence des revenus (y compris durant l’intersaison). Il est question d’envisager les trajectoires des saisonniers sur le temps long. Les liens entre travail et hors-travail sont au centre de cette recherche. S’intéresser aux conditions d'existence de ces salariés du tourisme conduit à une réflexion plus large sur la place du travail et des loisirs ainsi que sur le sens de la norme d’autonomie dans nos sociétés
This thesis focuses on the social condition of seasonal workers in tourism from an ethnological point of view. These seasonal workers carry out their activities in tourist resorts in the South East of France and are subject to flexible and unsecure employment policies. This form of intermittent employment implies geographic and professional mobility which corresponds to the rhythms and requirements of the tourism sector. These workers question the dominant set of norms regarding employment, social rhythms and lifestyles. Their socially depreciated work is considered as transitional. Nevertheless, many of them “work the seasons” for many years, sometimes during their whole working life. How do they manage to “have a career” within a precarious employment system? The analysis looks at the position of the seasonal workers in the companies and within the tourist resort. This research shows that these workers are subject to a mechanism of social invisibilization. The study also encompasses work organization in the context of large variations in the amount of working hours. Finally, the analysis looks at the various ways of coping with intermittent revenues (during the between seasons periods as well). We will consider long term trajectories of seasonal workers.The relationship between work and non-work is at the center of this research. Being concerned with the living conditions of these tourism workers leads to a broader consideration of the position of work and leisure and the sense of norm and autonomy in our society

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32

Al, Maqbali Fatma. "Navigating antenatal care in Oman : a grounded theory of women's and healthcare professionals' experiences". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/navigating-antenatal-care-in-oman-a-grounded-theory-of-womens-and-healthcare-professionals-experiences(498154bf-961f-427d-8b08-89a640bfb270).html.

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Background: In Oman, 33.3% of women attended late for publicly funded antenatal care in 2015 and 24% did not attend for the recommended 4-6 visits during their pregnancy. This low attendance suggests a need to explore attendance for antenatal care for low-risk pregnant women in Oman. Methodology: An exploratory qualitative design informed by constructivist grounded theory methodology was used in this research. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with an initial purposive sample of nine pregnant women. The initial analysis enabled theoretical sampling of thirteen non-participant observations during women's appointments, interviews with ten care providers, and six women who booked late after 12 weeks of gestation. A constructivist grounded theory analytical framework of initial, focused and theoretical coding was followed to analyse all the data collected. Findings: The core category consists of five interrelated sub-categories: perceived benefits and value of antenatal care; timing of the first antenatal visit; woman-carer interactions during antenatal care; experiences with antenatal care delivery; and supplementary use of private healthcare. The integral categories explain the social processes and issues surrounding antenatal care. The emergent core category, Navigating antenatal care, reflects the views of the women and their care providers. The women were unhappy with the organisation and physical environment of care but attended their appointments to ensure optimal pregnancy outcome and to alleviate their fears of developing complications. Thus, they used both private and public healthcare and sourced online information in response to their feelings of obligation to protect their fetus. Conclusion: The women appeared disempowered and to lack control over the care they received. Thus, they accepted conditions such as long waiting times in an uncomfortable environment and the disrespect they encountered during their visits. There was a discrepancy between what the women expected and needed from their antenatal care and the actual care and information they received, which did not satisfy their needs. This could be due to a lack of woman-centred care and limited involvement in the plan of care. Thus, women sought further reassurance by accessing private clinics, using online information, and networking with others, which also resulted in a late booking for public antenatal care.

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33

Hayat, Khizar. "Scalable 3D Visualization via Synchronous Data Hiding". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20067.

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L'objectif principal de ces travaux de thèse est d'unifier différentes informations 2D et 3D afin de réaliser une visualisation adaptée dans un environnement client/serveur hétérogène en termes de réseau, de traitement et de ressources mémoire. Dans ce contexte, nous avons exploité la nature multi-résolution de la transformée en ondelettes discrètes (TOD) du codeur JPEG2000. L'unification des données est réalisée par insertion aveugle, synchrone ou partiellement synchrone, des données cachées dans le domaine des ondelettes. Une visualisation 3D classique nécessite au moins deux types de données : une image 2D d'intensité, appelé texture, et une forme 3D pouvant être représentée par une image, un modèle 3D ombré ou un maillage de points. Ce type d'image, parfois également appelé carte de profondeur est une image dans laquelle la valeur des pixels reflète la distance du capteur à la surface par imagerie. La texture est une image 2D couleur qui est apposée sur le modèle 3D après triangulation. Au niveau de l'insertion des données cachées, la carte de profondeur est d'abord transformée dans le domaine des ondelettes tandis que la texture est insérée dans le codeur JPEG2000. Le processus de codage JPEG2000 de la texture est interrompue, et les coefficients 3D sont insérés dans la totalité ou dans un sous-ensemble des sous-bandes de la texture. Les données sont re-intégrées dans le codeur standard de JPEG2000 à l'endroit où l'interruption a été faite. Le fichier résultant peut alors être envoyé à travers tous types de canal de communication comme un autre fichier standard issu du codeur JPEG2000. Les différents niveaux de résolution et le caractère synchronisé de nos algorithmes permettent une visualisation en 3D,. .
The principal objective of this thesis is to unify disparate 3D information and then realize scalable visualization in a client/server environment that is heterogeneous in terms of network, computing and memory resources. For scalability we are exploiting the multiresolution nature of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) from the state of the art JPEG2000 codec. The data unification is being carried out through DWT domain blind data hiding that may either be fully or adaptively synchronous. A typical surface based 3D visualization requires at least two sets of data: a 2D intensity image, called texture, with a corresponding 3D shape rendered in the form of a range image, a shaded 3D model and/or a mesh of points. A range image, also sometimes called a depth image, is an image in which the pixel value reflects the distance from the sensor to the imaged surface. The texture is a corresponding 2D color image which is overlaid onto a model produced from the depth map by triangulation. For data hiding, the range data is first subjected to DWT while the texture data is input to the JPEG2000 encoder. The JPEG2000 coding pipeline of texture is interrupted at some stage after the DWT step and the DWT domain range coefficients are embedded in the all or a subset of texture subbands. The embedded data is reintroduced to the JPEG200 pipeline at the same step where the interruption was made. Since the JPEG2000 format is conserved during the process, the resultant code can be sent across any communication channel like any other JPEG2000 file. .

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34

Bergeron, Nicolas. "Rééclairage par génération de cartes de normales en composition vidéo numérique". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16714.

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35

Ferreira, Joana Isabel Cortez Carvalho. "Implementação de um sistema de gestão ambiental segundo a norma NP EN ISO 14001:2015 numa indústria de carnes". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/59825.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biológica (área de especialização em Tecnologia Química e Alimentar)
As práticas insustentáveis por parte da sociedade e indústrias têm conduzindo a um planeta em total desequilíbrio, como decorre com a exploração desmedida de recursos naturais para dar resposta às necessidades da população. Em todo o mundo, cada vez mais se exigem mudanças estratégicas por partes das indústrias, por forma a prevenir e minimizar os seus impactes ambientais. Assim, o desenvolvimento sustentável passa a ser uma realidade no quotidiano das indústrias, apoiado pela criação de normas e pelo desenvolvimento dos Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA). O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em ambiente empresarial, numa empresa de produção e transformação de carnes, tendo como principal objetivo o estabelecimento e implementação de um SGA segundo a Norma NP EN ISO 14001:2015. Inicialmente, procedeu-se ao levantamento da situação de referência da empresa, nomeadamente no que se refere ao consumo de água e descarga de efluentes líquidos, emissões atmosféricas, resíduos e subprodutos, energia e ruído. Em seguida, procuraram-se compreender a organização e o seu contexto, identificaram-se as partes interessadas e respetivas necessidades e expectativas, e foi determinado o âmbito do SGA com a elaboração do respetivo organograma. Seguidamente, incorporaram-se questões ambientais relevantes na política da empresa já existente e definiram-se funções, responsabilidades e autoridades dentro da organização. Na perspetiva de ciclo de vida procedeu-se ao estudo da quantidade de dióxido de carbono equivalente de um produto, solicitando às partes envolvidas dados fundamentais. Posto isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exaustiva das obrigações ambientais e focou-se o trabalho nas diferentes etapas do processo produtivo, realizando-se um levantamento dos aspetos ambientais, identificando-se os impactes ambientais associados e definindo-se uma metodologia para avaliação da significância dos impactes ambientais. Foram, assim, identificados 21 aspetos e respetivos impactes avaliados como significativos, destacando-se as etapas de desmancha e gestão de frota por apresentarem 11 aspetos ambientais significativos. Posteriormente, determinaram-se os riscos e oportunidades e elaborou-se um programa de gestão ambiental. Por fim, atualizaram-se e desenvolveram-se documentações fundamentais, bem como estabeleceu-se um plano de medição e monitorização de aspetos ambientais significativos para o contínuo desenvolvimento deste sistema de gestão.
Unsustainable practices carried out by society and industries are leading the planet to a total imbalance, as occurs with the excessive exploration of natural resources to fulfill the population needs. Worldwide, industries are being pressed to adopt strategic changes that will allow to prevent and minimize their environmental impacts. Thus, sustainable development become a reality in the industries daily life, supported by the creation of standards and the development of environmental management systems. This work was developed in a meat processing industry, with the main objective of establishing and implementing an Environmental Management System (EMS) according to the standard NP EN ISO 14001:2015. Initially, the environmental performance of the company was surveyed, specifically regarding water consumption and wastewater generation, atmospheric emissions, waste and by-products, energy and noise. Then, the context of the organization was studied, stakeholders were identified, as well as their needs and expectations, and the scope of the EMS was determined, with the elaboration of the company´s organizational chart. Subsequently, relevant environmental issues were incorporated into the company´s policy, and functions, responsibilities and authorities were defined within the organization. In the life cycle perspective, the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide associated to a product was studied, where key data was requested to the stakeholders. After, exhaustive collection of the environmental obligations was performed, and the work was focused on the different stages of the production process, involving the survey of the environmental aspects, the identification of the associated environmental impacts and the definition of a methodology for the evaluation of the significance of these impacts. This procedure allowed to identify 21 aspects and their impacts as significant, highlighting the stages of cutting and fleet management as they presented 11 significant environmental aspects. Subsequently, the risks and opportunities were determined and an environmental management program was developed. Lastly, fundamental documentation was updated and elaborated, and a plan was design for measuring and monitoring significant environmental aspects for the continuous development of this management system.

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36

Frappier, Andrée-Ann. "Par-delà le rose et le bleu : l'expérience des parents d'enfants transgenres". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20724.

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37

Sullivan-Gunn, Melanie. "An investigation of NADPH oxidase in normal and diseased skeletal muscle". Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15838/.

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Oxidative stress has been implicated in various progressive degenerative conditions, such as skeletal muscle wasting and therefore this study sought to determine a role for the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase and antioxidant enzyme systems in conditions of skeletal muscle wasting. The results of these studies indicated changes in the gene expression of important components of NADPH oxidase in animal models of age-associated sarcopenia, cancer-induced cachexia and a model of antioxidant superoxide dismutase overexpression. Also observed were changes in superoxide dismutase that appeared to contribute significantly to alterations in cellular reactive oxygen species and contribute to skeletal muscle wasting in these conditions. While these oxidative and antioxidative systems demonstrated complex changes in these models, NADPH oxidase is indeed altered in response to aging, cancer and superoxide dismutase overexpression, which appear to be involved in complex redox-sensitive signaling that essentially regulates skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy pathways.

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38

Gamboa, Guzman Luis Eduardo. "Accurate and efficient strategies for the appearance filtering of complex materials". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23436.

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La synthèse d’images réalistes repose sur des modèles physiques décrivant les interactions entre la lumière et les matériaux attachés aux objets dans une scène tridimensionnelle. Ces modèles mathématiques sont complexes et, dans le cas général, n’admettent pas de solution analytique. Pour cette raison, l’utilisation de méthodes numériques robustes et efficaces est nécessaire. Les méthodes de Monte Carlo ou techniques alternatives comme l’utilisation de développement par fonction de base sont appropriées pour résoudre ce type de problème. Dans cette thèse par articles, nous présentons deux nouvelles techniques permettant l’in- tégration numérique efficace de matériaux complexes. En premier lieu, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode permettant d’intégrer simultanément plusieurs dimensions définies dans le domaine angulaire et spatiale. Avoir une technique efficace est essentiel pour intégrer des matériaux avec des normales variant rapidement sous différentes conditions d’éclairage. Notre technique utilise une nouvelle formulation basée sur un histogramme sphérique définie de façon directionnelle et spatial. Ce dernier nous permet d’utiliser des harmoniques sphé- riques pour intégrer les différentes dimensions rapidement, réduisant le temps de calcul d’un facteur approximatif de 30× par rapport aux méthodes de l’état de l’art. Dans notre second travail, nous introduisons une nouvelle stratégie d’échantillonnage pour estimer le transport de lumière à l’intérieur de matériaux multicouches. En identifiant les meilleures stratégies d’échantillonnage, nous proposons une technique efficace et non biaisée pour construire des chemins de lumière à l’intérieur de ce type de matériau. Notre nouvelle approche permet d’obtenir un estimateur de Monte Carlo efficace et de faible variance dans des matériaux contenant un nombre arbitraire de couches.
Realistic computer generated images and simulations require physically-based models to properly capture and reproduce light-material interactions. The underlying mathematical formulations are complex and mandate the use of efficient numerical methods, since analytic solutions are not available. Monte Carlo integration is one such commonly used numerical method, although, alternative approaches leveraging, e.g., basis expansions, may be suitable to solve these challenging problems. In this thesis by articles, we present two works where we efficiently devise numerical integration strategies for the rendering of complex materials. First, we propose a method to compute a spatial-angular multi-dimensional integration problem present when rendering materials with high-frequency normal variation under large, angularly varying illumination. By computing and manipulating a novel spherical histogram data representation, we are able to use spherical harmonics to efficiently solve the integral, outperforming the state-of-the-art by a factor of roughly 30×. Our second work describes a high-performance Monte Carlo integration strategy for rendering layered materials. By identifying the best path sampling strategies in the micro-scale light transport context, we are able to tailor an unbiased and efficient path construction method to evaluate high throughput, low variance paths through an arbitrary number of layers.

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39

Cerini, Elizabeth. "Heroes in science: Inspiration, influence and engagement". Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110692.

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Studies in many countries have examined the importance of role models, mentors and graduate supervisors in science, and some have explored the short-term impacts of science role modelling programs on young people’s engagement with science careers. Yet despite the prevalence of programs to identify, celebrate and utilize ‘science heroes’, there is a lack of systematic or significant research into the phenomenon of popular science heroes and their careers, or indeed their capabilities in science communication and engagement. Furthermore, the cultural drivers for effective communication in science are not well described; whilst numerous studies have suggested the presence of various behavioural norms within scientific cultures, little consideration has been made of communication norms and their significance within the cultures of science. The problems of influence by and on science heroes, the barriers and enablers of their potential impact and their potentially significant role within science cultures therefore form the basis for this dissertation. The thesis takes a broad view of science heroes as communicators of influence, exploring the life histories of a subset of those nominated as science heroes to identify influences on their career pathways and life-long engagement with science, their experiences of success and of communication and the significant issues, ideas and outcomes that arise from those experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with 100 individuals in Australia, the United Kingdom and North America, including 7 for the purposes of communication context. The questions asked about many aspects of participant life experiences, including early interests and pathways in science, key motivators and influencers including ‘inspirational others’, experiences of communicating with others in a professional context, including interactions with peers, public audiences and the media, and individual communication attitudes and approaches. Based on analysis of this data, the thesis identifies the communication characteristics and attributes of science heroes and explores the communication practices that contribute to their relative success. Evidence is presented for the power of narrative communication techniques and the use of heroic archetypes in projecting stories of success. Evidence is also presented for the presence of powerful norms and counter-norms in science communication. The study builds on and contributes to work exploring the nature of influence in science career pathways, providing insight into the influences of contemporary science heroes and significant factors affecting science engagement and achievement. Additionally, the thesis extends the concept of normative practices and processes within science, making a case to include communication norms and counter-norms in the understanding of contemporary science.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Cartes – Normes"

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