Artículos de revistas: "Career in specific field or discipline"

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Bohleber, Pascal, Mathieu Casado, Kirsti Ashworth, Chelsey A. Baker, Anna Belcher, Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Holly E. Jenkins, Erin Satterthwaite, Andrea Spolaor y V. Holly L. Winton. "Successful practice in early career networks: insights from the polar sciences". Advances in Geosciences 53 (27 de marzo de 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-1-2020.

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Abstract. Acquiring not only field-specific knowledge but also a set of transferable professional skills becomes increasingly important for Early Career Scientists (ECS) in Geosciences and other academic disciplines. Although the need for training in transferable skills adds to the work-load of an individual Early Career Scientist, it is often neglected within the traditional academic environments. International Early Career Networks (ECN) are global voluntary communities of early career scientists aiming (i) to advocate for early stage researchers; and (ii) to advance the careers of their members by raising their profiles and training them in specific transferable skills, such as networking, collaborating and outreach. Accordingly, ECN can be a tool to move beyond institutional barriers and to improve the inclusion of ECS into the international scientific community. In 2019 we conducted three surveys in order to assess ECN from the perspective of its members and regarding the structures of different ECN within a specific discipline and across disciplines. We use the survey results alongside with case studies from well-established and long term networks to elucidate the attributes that make a successful, sustainable ECN. Important characteristics of these international ECN include (1) developing the ECN organizational schemes to promote early career scientists within a specific discipline and across disciplines, (2) scoping for members needs, evaluating the performance of the network, and adapting to feedback, (3) continuity of the organizing committee by ensuring representation of different stages of ECS, and (4) diverse membership to provide strong foundational and personnel support within the network. These characteristics can support the development of best practices for developing ECN successfully, which can guide existing and future networks within Geosciences and other scientific disciplines.

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Fenton, Melissa. "A proposed framework for reviewing and revising musical theatre curricula". Studies in Musical Theatre 18, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2024): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt_00149_1.

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Careers in musical theatre necessarily require not only a set of discipline-specific skills but also a range of supplementary, supporting skills. Curricula also must adapt to current industry needs and conventions. To address the breadth of requisite skills and maintain currency, a process of regular curriculum review is implemented by universities and conservatoires offering musical theatre degree programmes. In this article, I offer a framework based on concepts from creative career theory and field research as a possible approach to curriculum renewal and development in musical theatre degree programmes.

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O’Rourke, Matthew B. y Matthew P. Padula. "Reporting of Hybrid Data and the Difficulties with Cross-Discipline Research Techniques". Proteomes 8, n.º 4 (23 de noviembre de 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes8040035.

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Peer review is the way in which we, as scientists, criticise, check, and confirm the findings of our colleagues. The process of peer review relies on individuals in all fields applying their particular expertise and determining if they agree with the findings submitted for publication. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the number of manuscripts submitted for publication that draw from a range of disparate and complementary fields. This has created the curious situation where an expert may be requested to review a manuscript that is only partially within their immediate field of expertise. The issue that arises is that, without full knowledge of the data, techniques, methodologies, and principles that are presented, it is difficult for reviewers to make properly informed decisions, especially when it can take an entire career to reach that specific level of expertise in a single field. From this perspective, we explore these issues and also provide a commentary on how peer review could evolve in the context of a changing cross-disciplinarily-focused scientific landscape.

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Fletcher Jr., Edward C. y Yenni Djajalaksana. "Predictors of Instructional Strategy Use of Faculty in Career and Technical Education Programs". International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology 5, n.º 3 (julio de 2014): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2014070104.

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The purpose of this research study was to identify potential signature pedagogies in the field of CTE as well as specific disciplines within CTE, and to explain instructional strategy use by faculty's demographic characteristics, course delivery modes, and academic discipline. Based on a national survey of CTE faculty teaching at the postsecondary level, this study found faculty which teach in family and consumer sciences education are significantly more likely to use authentic reflective assessments; Engineering and technology education faculty are significantly more likely to implement knowledge acquisition activities; career and workforce education faculty are significantly more likely to infuse online activities in their courses; and business and/or marketing education faculty are significantly more likely to integrate research, group and discussion-based, knowledge acquisition, and online activities. Findings point to a need for faculty to continue considering alternatives pedagogies which create more engaged courses and maximize student learning.

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Velle, Gaute, Torstein Nielsen Hole, Oddfrid Kårstad Førland, Anne-Laure Simonelli y Vigdis Vandvik. "Developing work placements in a discipline-oriented education". Nordic Journal of STEM Education 1, n.º 1 (15 de noviembre de 2017): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsteme.v1i1.2344.

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Education within higher education is often divided into discipline-oriented and professional programs. Professional programs prepare students for a specific profession and include relevant theoretical- and practical knowledge. Discipline-oriented programs emphasize theoretical knowledge and research within a specific discipline or field. Except for a career within research and higher education, discipline-oriented programs provide less obvious links to future careers. The transition from student life to working life may therefore be challenging. In this paper, we present and discuss the development and implementation of a work placement course as part of the disciplinary programs in biology at the University of Bergen. The course was developed to provide students with practical- and work- related skills and competences, inform about future careers and to foster motivation and learning. We have revised the course according to feedback from students, workplace hosts and our experience during the six semesters the course has been running. The work placement course is at the bachelor (BSc) level and consists of two main components; the work placement itself and the student’s own reporting of placement outcomes. For the placement, the students work 140 hours at a workplace as a biologist. The reporting consists of four open blog-posts, one written reflective essay and a final oral presentation. The course teachers also meet with the students and convey information on the roles of biology and biologists in today’s society through a Facebook group. Feedback from the students, hosts and course teachers point to a range of benefits from work practice courses in discipline- oriented study programs. Based on our experience, we provide guidance for developing such courses as part of discipline-oriented curricula.

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Edouard, Pascal, Noel Pollock, Kenny Guex, Shane Kelly, Caroline Prince, Laurent Navarro, Pedro Branco, Frédéric Depiesse, Vincent Gremeaux y Karsten Hollander. "Hamstring Muscle Injuries and Hamstring Specific Training in Elite Athletics (Track and Field) Athletes". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 17 (2 de septiembre de 2022): 10992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710992.

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Objective: We aimed to describe hamstring muscle injury (HMI) history and hamstring specific training (HST) in elite athletes. A secondary aim was to analyse the potential factors associated with in-championships HMI. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to collect data before and during the 2018 European Athletics Championships. Injury and illness complaints during the month before the championship, HMI history during the entire career and the 2017–18 season, HST (strengthening, stretching, core stability, sprinting), and in-championship HMI were recorded. We calculated proportions of athletes with HMI history, we compared HST according to sex and disciplines with Chi2 tests or ANOVA, and analysed factors associated with in-championship HMI using simple model logistic regression. Results: Among the 357 included athletes, 48% reported at least one HMI during their career and 24% during the 2017–18 season. Of this latter group, 30.6% reported reduced or no participation in athletics’ training or competition at the start of the championship due to the hamstring injury. For HST, higher volumes of hamstring stretching and sprinting were reported for disciplines requiring higher running velocities (i.e., sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and middle distances). Five in-championship HMIs were recorded. The simple model analysis showed a lower risk of sustaining an in-championships HMI for athletes who performed more core (lumbo-pelvic) stability training (OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.89), p = 0.021). Conclusions: Our present study reports that HMI is a characteristic of the athletics athletes’ career, especially in disciplines involving sprinting. In these disciplines, athletes were performing higher volumes of hamstring stretching and sprinting than in other disciplines. Further studies should be conducted to better understand if and how HST are protective approaches for HMI in order to improve HMI risk reduction strategies.

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Laker, Dennis R. y Gregory P. Cermignano. "An Exercise In Linking Ethics In The Classroom To The Real World". Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 5, n.º 1 (24 de junio de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v5i1.4688.

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As academics we are faced with a series of challenges in teaching about ethics in the classroom. We are expected to engage our students and help them become more proactive in the process of learning; link the classroom with the real world; and provide them the opportunity to develop both career-related skills and the opportunity to explore potential careers if they are to have a successful professional future. The following exercise addresses these challenges. The exercise involves the student identifying significant, discipline-based ethical issues; and contacting and discussing these issues with a professional in their career field. The exercise also includes a reflective component and an opportunity for the students to share their findings with their peers. This exercise helps to increase the relevance of the ethical material presented in class by putting this knowledge in the specific professional context to which the student aspires, and results in bridging the classroom with the real world. A description and rationale for the exercise; materials; student feedback and benefits; and suggestions for faculty are included.

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Kakouris, Alexandros, Sofia Tampouri, Andronikos Kaliris, Sofia Mastrokoukou y Nikolaos Georgopoulos. "Entrepreneurship as a Career Option within Education: A Critical Review of Psychological Constructs". Education Sciences 14, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010046.

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Entrepreneurship is now suggested as a competence not only for starting new businesses but for employability and well-being as well. Envisaged as a career option, entrepreneurship is now a new concern in the field of career counseling psychology. Traditionally, entrepreneurship is about starting new businesses or being self-employed, but nowadays, it is also considered a competence for employability and well-being. Systematically nurtured in educational settings for more than two decades, the entrepreneurial intention of students has become a specific construct for educators to assess the impact of entrepreneurial courses. The present article seeks to critically review the psychological constructs, models, and approaches that have been used in educational settings to explain the formation of entrepreneurial intention. The majority of relevant studies has been found to be quantitative, reproducing in a positivist manner the construct of self-efficacy and the theory of reasoned action. Some constructs and approaches that have been extensively used in the career counseling discipline seem to be under-researched in the entrepreneurship education field. In this line of research, the potential contribution of sources on self-efficacy and dysfunctional career beliefs or motives should be examined. Additionally, theoretical paradigms like constructionist-narrative-based career counseling or positive psychology and other newer theories (e.g., happenstance learning theory) might be useful in investigating several influences on career decision making for entrepreneurship. Based on the current findings from the literature, a research agenda is proposed for future research in the field in order to achieve better connections between entrepreneurship and career theories and to shed light on the complex process of students’ entrepreneurial career decisions.

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Gossen, Drew. "It Says STEM so it must Work for Everyone: Experiences, Beliefs, and Career Choices across the STEM Disciplines". International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 12, n.º 3 (31 de mayo de 2024): 660–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3450.

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The development of interest and aspirations to pursue STEM careers has been a focus of recent educational research and action. This study used Social Cognitive Career Theory as the framework to explore how types of learning experiences in and out of school prior to college affected undergraduates’ STEM beliefs and intent to pursue a career in a STEM field. A sample of 312 students at a large university were surveyed about the experiences in which they had participated, their perceptions of those experiences, and their self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in science, mathematics, and engineering. The results indicated experiences that predicted beliefs across all STEM areas, but also some key experiences that differed depending on the subject. Experiences revolving around family and career-specific activities were important for science and engineering beliefs, the opportunity to build and create was important for mathematics and engineering beliefs, and varied instructional techniques were valuable for mathematics and science beliefs. This paper details the relationship between these experiences and STEM beliefs and career choices along with recommendations for educators looking to develop experiences to enhance STEM career pathways.

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Popov, Evgenii Aleksandrovich. "Future profession of sociologist: expectations of the university applicants". Социодинамика, n.º 10 (octubre de 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2020.10.34262.

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This article considers various aspects of selecting sociological discipline by the university applicants. Based on the conducted in 2019 empirical research, the author summarizes the representations of high graduates on sociology as a scientific discipline, as well as on sociological profession. Overall, applicants became more careful in selecting sociology for their future, have an idea what is modern sociology and its development trends. This is also reflected in the official statistics, which claims that the number of applications submitted for “Sociology” has increased over the recent years. However, difficulties of such choice are revealed as well. University applicants are rather focused on acquisition of specific competences in the field of sociology, but perceive sociology as a cross-disciplinary area of knowledge. The article determines the representations of university applicants on similarities between the school course of social studies and sociology, as well as on the role of social studies in selecting sociology in the university. Assessment is given to the opinions of university applicants on the advantages of sociology in relation to other scientific disciplines; opportunities for personal and career growth in the future profession of sociologist. The author touches upon the question of formatting the image of sociologist from the perspective of university applicants. Thus, the article resolves the problem of formation of the image of future profession among university applicants that chose the academic discipline “Sociology”.  In structuring educational strategies, the universities should take into account such representations of their applicants for improving learning efficiency.

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Verdis, Athanasios, Spyros Kokkotas y Lisa Dorli. "The Use of Narrative Resources in a Career-counselling Course". Higher Education Studies 11, n.º 1 (20 de febrero de 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v11n1p183.

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In this paper, we analyse the communication codes in two consecutive meetings of a postgraduate class on career counselling held at the Department of Philosophy-Pedagogy-Psychology of the University of Athens in winter semester of 2017. The basic idea in these meetings was to discuss real-world situations with the help of a teaching framework and short films produced within the context of a European project, called ‘Narrative Resources for Socio-Professional Inclusion’ (NARSPI). The dialogs that followed the presentations were analysed with the help a sociolinguistic framework known as ‘Legitimation Code Theory’ (LCT). The analysis showed that the verbal communication moved from the particularities of the videotaped stories to discipline-specific vocabularies. According to LCT proponents, such moves in the use of language create wavelike forms of communication codes based on different levels of semantic gravity and semantic density. Such ‘sematic waves’ allow new ideas to be integrated into existing ideas and finally legitimise membership and scholarship in an academic field.

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Soldatov, Boris y Natalya Soldatova. "Distance education didactic principles application in teaching". E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312031.

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The present article analyzes the distance teaching didactic possibilities for foreign language educational process organization. The authors consider the main foreign languages distance teaching components and describe the “Foreign language” academic discipline characteristic features. Moreover, the authors describe the distance learning specifics, taking language disciplines subject features into account, and provide a detailed analysis of the foreign languages distance teaching process components. The importance of various interaction means between a teacher and a student in the foreign language online learning process, including e-mail, Skype, Google Docs, Zoom, Teams and Moodle platforms, is stressed. The Moodle platform application is researched on the example of the language disciplines electronic test control organization at Russian Customs Academy Rostov branch and at Don State Technical University. The interactive methods application in foreign language online teaching is described on the example of classes held in the form of chats, web classes and webinars. The article describes an experiment conducted at Don State Technical University on the project technology application within the “Project Activity Fundamentals” discipline framework in the 1st-year “Linguistics” students’ groups. As a result of the project activities, projects-presentations were prepared in English on the topic “My career opportunities in the foreign languages field” and a course module for distance learning in the “Foreign language in the professional sphere” discipline for of non-language faculties students was presented. Basing on the distance teaching components analysis and the ways of their application, the authors arrived at the conclusion that carefully selected didactic tools ensure the organization, students ’ activities regulation and their language disciplines educational material content assimilation.

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Nyklová, Blanka, Kateřina Cidlinská y Nina Fárová. "International Relations in the Czech Republic: Where Have All the Women Gone?" Czech Journal of International Relations 54, n.º 2 (31 de mayo de 2019): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1616.

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In this article, we strive to explore what are some of the causes of the scarcity of women researchers in Czech international relations in comparison to the representation of women students in the field. To answer this question, we analysed a set of semi-structured interviews with international relations students and accessible syllabi using the conceptual framework of Sandra Harding´ s gendered universe, which differentiates between the operations of gender on the individual, structural and symbolic level. We identified some gendered barriers that might be blocking women researchers´ access to the field. On this basis we suggest that the lack of women researchers in the field parallels the situation in other social sciences and humanities disciplines, but the situation in international relations is further exacerbated by the local circumstances of the foundation of the discipline, which shaped it as a predominantly masculine field with a specific gender-blind version of doing research and academic careers.

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Shkarban, I. "Basics of scientific foreign language communication for masters majoring in history: methodological aspect". Teaching languages at higher institutions, n.º 42 (30 de mayo de 2023): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2073-4379-2023-42-12.

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The present article contextualizes the field of English for Academic Purposes, with a particular focus on the Master studentsʼ professional and academic skills in History and the role of the course in their making further career choices. Although literature presents some theoretical and pedagogical models of EAP course designs, there is still no specific methodology for the discipline construction under the academic program for History Masters. The authorʼs views on the design of the discipline “Basics of Scientific Communication in a Foreign Language” are introduced and methodologically substantiated in the work program as well as practically implemented on the basis of the e-learning educational and methodical complex aimed at the first- and second-year Masters in specialty 032 History and Archeology. The competency-based approach reflects the original conception of EAP in its concentration on discipline-specific texts and academic communication activities appropriate to the academic history where language is foregrounded and seen as constitutive of content encompassing chronological thinking, the ability to identify the time sequence for each historical event; historical comprehension, the skills to read and construct historical narratives imaginatively; historical analysis and interpretation, techniques in comparison and distinguishing experiences, beliefs, ideologies; historical research, including historical issues analysis and decision making, the ability to formulate historical problems in question based on historical sources, find contradictions in historical records, and establish socially significant historical interpretations. The focus on socio-cultural and professional competencies in the ethical dimension provides opportunities to examine the relationships between historical events in their past-present-future time sequencing from the history study perspective. The authorʼs work program on the discipline design and the implemented e-learning educational and methodical complex practically aim at the development of studentsʼ general and professionally oriented communicative competencies in English (linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic) to succeed in effective communication in their academic and professional environments.

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Ovenden, Jennifer R. "Breaking the myths (or how to have a successful career in science)". ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, n.º 1 (29 de octubre de 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy132.

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Abstract The article is a recollection of the ups and downs of my career as a research scientist. It does not chronicle my career in the standard way; there is no timeline of events and only a few details of the type of research that I have devoted my life to. I feel the take-home messages are relevant no matter what type of science you do. The narrative jumps around between periods of my life, uses anecdotes freely and attempts to be informative, forthright, and entertaining. Although science is perceived as a profession, the career pathway can be uneven and forked. In addition to discipline-specific knowledge and experience, successful scientists need a multitude of skills; for instance, human management, logistics, and social media—to name a few. The field often attracts talented introverts for whom working in teams is challenging. The complexity of science is fascinating and powerful. In the fervour for discoveries, care is needed not to become isolated from friends and family by long working hours. For those of you who have gone part or full way down this path, there will be value in comparing your experiences to mine. Mostly I hope that younger scientists who are beginning on this path, or considering whether to enter, will take away some messages that will help them stand on our shoulders.

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Peffer, Melanie y Maggie Renken. "Practical Strategies for Collaboration across Discipline-Based Education Research and the Learning Sciences". CBE—Life Sciences Education 15, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2016): es11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-12-0252.

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Rather than pursue questions related to learning in biology from separate camps, recent calls highlight the necessity of interdisciplinary research agendas. Interdisciplinary collaborations allow for a complicated and expanded approach to questions about learning within specific science domains, such as biology. Despite its benefits, interdisciplinary work inevitably involves challenges. Some such challenges originate from differences in theoretical and methodological approaches across lines of work. Thus, aims at developing successful interdisciplinary research programs raise important considerations regarding methodologies for studying biology learning, strategies for approaching collaborations, and training of early-career scientists. Our goal here is to describe two fields important to understanding learning in biology, discipline-based education research and the learning sciences. We discuss differences between each discipline’s approach to biology education research and the benefits and challenges associated with incorporating these perspectives in a single research program. We then propose strategies for building productive interdisciplinary collaboration.

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GUO, Guihang y Li Dan. "Identity Transition and Career Development of Chinese BE Teachers under the Context of BELF". Higher Education Studies 8, n.º 2 (26 de febrero de 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v8n2p1.

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Business English as a lingua franca (BELF) has aroused increasing research interest in the fields of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and business communication. In China, Business English as an undergraduate program was approved by the Ministry of Education in 2006 and Business English Studies as a discipline and postgraduate program was initiated in 2008. Under this context, the general English (GE) teachers are facing great challenges of identity change and career development bottlenecks in their transition to the Business English (BE) teachers. This paper discusses the professional qualities required of the BE teachers. Based on the status quo of BE teacher development at Chinese universities, it identifies the key challenges of identity transition and career development bottlenecks of BE teachers. The underlying reasons for transition difficulties and bottlenecks are explored and suggestions are put forth from the post-structural and socio-cultural perspectives.

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Bromley, Tony y Lorna Warnock. "The practice of the development of researchers: the “state-of-the-art”". Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 12, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2021): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-12-2019-0084.

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Purpose In this review paper, the authors are particularly interested in the growth in the scholarly investigation of the efficacy of developmental interventions for doctoral and early career researchers. This paper aims to provide a “State of the Art” overview of the emerging fields of research and suggest areas that command more research. Design/methodology/approach A foundation of key disseminations relating to the new discipline has become established, and it is the outputs of these that the authors look to first in their review. However, much of the work is reported in the proceedings of two specific conferences, known to the authors and does not appear in database searches, which results in a concentration of research in two specific countries, namely, the UK and Australia. Relatively little is found from database searches, however approached, but the authors also report on this work. Findings There is a general gap in the depth of the body of work in all areas of literature relating to research on the practice of developing researchers. We have identified specific areas as the most limited in terms of the body of published research including research governance; work life balance; engagement influence and impact training and creativity and innovation training. Research limitations/implications There is much work as yet unpublished and the practice of rigorous study and publication is not yet generally embedded in this research discipline. Practical implications Without the depth of rigorous and robust findings of research to provide us with evidence of good practice, the emergent discipline will struggle to have integrity in its practice. Continued growth in research in this emergent discipline is essential. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review of its kind looking at the published research in respect of the development of researchers.

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Regmi, Pramod R., Amudha Poobalan, Padam Simkhada y Edwin Van Teijlingen. "PhD supervision in Public Health". Health Prospect 20, n.º 1 (26 de marzo de 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v20i1.32735.

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Roles of PhD supervisors are diverse, ranging from providing in-depth discipline-specific Public Health knowledge and technical (e.g., methodological) support to the students, encouraging them towards publications or conference presentations, offering pastoral support for student wellbeing, and finally preparing them to defend their thesis by conducting a mock viva. Effective supervision plays a vital role in a PhD journey reflecting on the quality of the PhD work, positive PhD experience, and supervisor-student relationship. While some student-supervisors team may encounter conflicting and challenging relationships, many relationships between PhD supervisor(s) and students progress into mentorship through joint publications and grant applications, career advice, and support establishing wider collaborative networks. Drawing from the wider experiences of the authors, this article highlights the responsibilities, opportunities, and sometimes the challenging nature of being a PhD supervisor. This reflection will inform good practices for PhD supervisors in countries including Nepal, where the numbers of PhD students in the field of Public Health is steadily increasing.

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Steen, Gerard J. "The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!" Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9, n.º 1 (6 de julio de 2011): 26–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.9.1.03ste.

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This paper outlines a multi-dimensional/multi-disciplinary framework for the study of metaphor. It expands on the cognitive linguistic approach to metaphor in language and thought by adding the dimension of communication, and it expands on the predominantly linguistic and psychological approaches by adding the discipline of social science. This creates a map of the field in which nine main areas of research can be distinguished and connected to each other in precise ways. It allows for renewed attention to the deliberate use of metaphor in communication, in contrast with non-deliberate use, and asks the question whether the interaction between deliberate and non-deliberate use of metaphor in specific social domains can contribute to an explanation of the discourse career of metaphor. The suggestion is made that metaphorical models in language, thought, and communication can be classified as official, contested, implicit, and emerging, which may offer new perspectives on the interaction between social, psychological, and linguistic properties and functions of metaphor in discourse.

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Waithe, Dominic. "Summary of two questionnaires designed to understand the research climate for Bioimage Analysts in the UK between 2016-2019". F1000Research 10 (6 de abril de 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51794.1.

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Background: Bioimage analysis is an emerging field within the global research community. It is an interdisciplinary discipline which requires knowledge of biology, image analysis and biophysics. This report represents the analysis and discussion of two questionnaires run by the Image Analysis Focused Interest Group of the Royal Microscopical Society (IAFIG-RMS). The goal of this document, which represents the analysis and interpretation of these questionnaires, is to highlight the current research climate for Bioimage Analysts in the UK and discusses some of the problems and possibilities for this emerging discipline. Methods: Two questionnaires (2016 and 2019) were developed and sent to researchers in the UK using mailing lists and forums specific for microscopy and image analysis. The participants were asked a range of questions spanning different aspects of their work and funding. Respondents were collected and analysed using Jupyter notebooks. Results: The analysis of the responses from these questionnaires highlighted many interesting issues and aspects of this community. It is clear that a major issue for the community is the nature of the funding and the long-term career possibilities available. Furthermore, the issue of independence is discussed with clear evidence that researchers would like to pursue their own research with the option of dedicated time to support the research of others. Conclusions: It is our hope that this study will help catalyse funding opportunities which help support this emerging discipline and help it establish a unique identity for itself within the research community in the UK and beyond.

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Fanelli, Daniele, Rodrigo Costas y John P. A. Ioannidis. "Meta-assessment of bias in science". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 14 (20 de marzo de 2017): 3714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618569114.

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Numerous biases are believed to affect the scientific literature, but their actual prevalence across disciplines is unknown. To gain a comprehensive picture of the potential imprint of bias in science, we probed for the most commonly postulated bias-related patterns and risk factors, in a large random sample of meta-analyses taken from all disciplines. The magnitude of these biases varied widely across fields and was overall relatively small. However, we consistently observed a significant risk of small, early, and highly cited studies to overestimate effects and of studies not published in peer-reviewed journals to underestimate them. We also found at least partial confirmation of previous evidence suggesting that US studies and early studies might report more extreme effects, although these effects were smaller and more heterogeneously distributed across meta-analyses and disciplines. Authors publishing at high rates and receiving many citations were, overall, not at greater risk of bias. However, effect sizes were likely to be overestimated by early-career researchers, those working in small or long-distance collaborations, and those responsible for scientific misconduct, supporting hypotheses that connect bias to situational factors, lack of mutual control, and individual integrity. Some of these patterns and risk factors might have modestly increased in intensity over time, particularly in the social sciences. Our findings suggest that, besides one being routinely cautious that published small, highly-cited, and earlier studies may yield inflated results, the feasibility and costs of interventions to attenuate biases in the literature might need to be discussed on a discipline-specific and topic-specific basis.

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Naismith, Sharon. "Optimising cognition in at-risk older people: A journey of discovery, clinical research and health translation". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (noviembre de 2023): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723006719.

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AbstractModifiable dementia risk factors such as depression, cardiovascular disease and physical and cognitive activity account for 40-50% of dementia risk and their association with neuropsychological performance is evident in both preclinical and prodromal dementia stages. Over the course of her career, Professor Naismith has examined how modifiable risk factors relate to various aspects of cognition and brain degeneration and how best to treat them. She has led the development of cognitive training programs and clinical trials targeting these risk factors. She has authored more than 350 papers across a range of fields largely focused on cognition but also utilising neuroimaging, genetics, e-health, data syntheses, as well as clinical trials and health services. Her most recent work focuses on how sleep and circadian disturbance is linked to cognitive decline, how best to treat sleep disturbance in older people and how to utilise new digital sleep technologies to derive maximal reach and scale within the rapidly rising ageing population.In this presentation, the evolution of her program of work over time will be considered with respect to core discipline-specific foundations but also amidst the changing research landscape, research challenges and the need to optimise health impact. The importance of multidisciplinarity, career mentors and partners, capacity building, and engaging with government and policy makers will be discussed as well as other factors considered to be key to mid-career research success.

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Santen, Richard J., Anju Joham, Lauren Fishbein, Kristen R. Vella, Peter R. Ebeling, Melanie Gibson-Helm y Helena Teede. "Career Advancement: Meeting the Challenges Confronting the Next Generation of Endocrinologists and Endocrine Researchers". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, n.º 12 (3 de octubre de 2016): 4512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3016.

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Context: Challenges and opportunities face the next generation (Next-Gen) of endocrine researchers and clinicians, the lifeblood of the field of endocrinology for the future. A symposium jointly sponsored by The Endocrine Society and the Endocrine Society of Australia was convened to discuss approaches to addressing the present and future Next-Gen needs. Evidence Acquisition: Data collection by literature review, assessment of previously completed questionnaires, commissioning of a new questionnaire, and summarization of symposium discussions were studied. Evidence Synthesis: Next-Gen endocrine researchers face diminishing grant funding in inflation-adjusted terms. The average age of individuals being awarded their first independent investigator funding has increased to age 45 years. For clinicians, a workforce gap exists between endocrinologists needed and those currently trained. Clinicians in practice are increasingly becoming employees of integrated hospital systems, resulting in greater time spent on nonclinical issues. Workforce data and published reviews identify challenges specifically related to early career women in endocrinology. Strategies to Address Issues: Recommendations encompassed the areas of grant support for research, mentoring, education, templates for career development, specific programs for Next-Gen members by senior colleagues as outlined in the text, networking, team science, and life/work integration. Endocrine societies focusing on Next-Gen members provide a powerful mechanism to support these critical areas. Conclusions: A concerted effort to empower, train, and support the next generation of clinical endocrinologists and endocrine researchers is necessary to ensure the viability and vibrancy of our discipline and to optimize our contributions to improving health outcomes. Collaborative engagement of endocrine societies globally will be necessary to support our next generation moving forward.

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Mayer, Gerhard, Cedar S. Leverett y Nancy L. Zingrone. "Women and Parapsychology 2022 – An Online Survey". Journal of Anomalistics / Zeitschrift für Anomalistik 22, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2022): 465–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.23793/zfa.2022.465.

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In 1991, the Parapsychology Foundation organized an international conference on the topic "Women and Parapsychology," held in Dublin, Ireland. The survey aimed for an assessment of the situation in parapsychology 30 years after this conference. Our team asked women active in the research field of parapsychology and related areas about their scientific careers, authoring articles, contributions to the field and gender-specific experiences. We distributed the link to the extensive online questionnaire on several e-mail lists and websites and also sent the link specifically to individuals. 30 women completed the questionnaire. We got a selective, non-representative sample, with a high average age and level of education. Due to these limitations, the survey did not provide complete clarity as to whether parapsychology differed from other disciplines with regard to the status and situation of women. Several aspects are comparable to the situation of women in other research fields. As is generally the case in academia, women tend to be paid less. They have to make greater efforts to be taken seriously by male colleagues, which can slow down their careers, in addition to career interruptions due to raising children, greater difficulties balancing work and family life, and the like. We found a relatively low proportion (10 women who reported sexual intimidation or harassment in the field of parapsychology. General funding problems in parapsychology are even greater for women because of the additional childrearing responsibilities and less institutionalized research. Some findings lead us to the thesis that it is not necessarily the gender aspect that is responsible for rude and inappropriate behavior on the part of male colleagues, but rather a tendentially greater openness on the part of female researchers for worldviews and heterodox research subjects outside of the scientific mainstream. This thesis must be validated in further studies.

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Luken, Tom. "Easy does it: an innovative view on developing career identity and self-direction". Career Development International 25, n.º 2 (4 de diciembre de 2019): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-05-2019-0110.

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Purpose A generally held belief in the field of career development is that career attitudes and abilities, including identity and self-direction, can and should be developed in school programmes with a cognitive focus. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to question this belief, and second, to provide a new perspective on career development that may inspire innovations for career science, and guidance during the lifespan. Design/methodology/approach Specific questions are formulated and answered on the basis of sources mainly stemming from neurosciences and different sub-disciplines of psychology. On the basis of a systems theory, a new approach is proposed. Findings Current approaches in career guidance are at odds with findings and insights from developmental sciences and brain research. Several risks of current approaches are described. One risk is identity foreclosure. Another risk involves the development of ineffective ways of thinking and decision making. A control theory that stems from cybernetics is proposed to offer an alternative view on career development. Research limitations/implications One implication for research is that long-term longitudinal approaches are required to fully clarify the development of self-direction and identity. Furthermore, the building and testing of models of career development based on dynamic systems theories is recommended. Practical implications The main implication for career practices and policies is that self-direction and identity are no realistic aims for most students. Instead, it is recommended to relieve the pressure associated with career choices for young people, and to give more time, room, stimulation and guidance for exploration and reconsideration, for adults as well. Guidance should consist of offering sufficiently varied work experiences, and counselling when individuals experience conflicts that impede direction finding. Not too much emphasis should be put on reflection and rational thinking. Acceptance and commitment therapy is recommended as an approach offering many useful insights and instruments that may inspire career professionals. Originality/value This paper questions a mainstream approach and offers an original point of view.

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Dick, C. Tyler, Pasi Lautala y Bryan W. Schlake. "STEM K-12 Outreach as the Root of Transportation Education: Experiences from the Railway Engineering Field". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n.º 12 (6 de agosto de 2019): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841564.

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Demand for graduates with rail transportation expertise remains strong in North America, particularly in engineering and technical fields. Over the past decade, various activities by the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-way Association and rail-focused University Transportation Centers have slowly re-established a railway engineering academic community. Railway courses are now offered at two dozen universities in the United States (U.S.), and, for the first time in decades, several universities offer specific degrees in railway engineering. Despite this progress, challenges remain, such as raising student awareness of rail industry career paths. Since most railway engineering courses are senior-level electives, many students are already committed to other engineering disciplines before they are exposed to railway concepts. To raise student interest in rail courses and satisfy industry demands for internships, students must be introduced to railway concepts before they decide on the direction of their studies. One approach to directing more rail-aware students into engineering programs is rail-themed outreach to K-12 students. Railways still hold a fascination for many young people as complex, multidisciplinary systems, and numerous interesting science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) concepts can be demonstrated through the lens of railway transportation. Interactive rail-themed classroom activities can illustrate STEM topics while highlighting rail career opportunities and reinforcing railway transportation. This paper reviews rail-themed K-12 STEM outreach activities being undertaken by universities and the strong partnerships between industry and academia required to grow future generations of railway professionals.

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Prokofiev, A. V. "Elusive Generations". Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2024): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2949-0707.2024.1.8492.

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Appeal to the idea of generation is a fairly effective tool for interpreting changes occurring in various spheres of human activity, in particular in the field of philosophical knowledge. It links the historical picture of such changes to an important anthropological constant - human age - and allows us to reconstruct both the general natural dynamics of what is happening and the unique features of each stage of the dynamic process. However, the “generational” (discrete) dimension of history in some specific cases may lose its significance and go into the shadows, giving way to those dimensions that ensure continuity and continuity. In relation to philosophical knowledge, these are factors of the universal unity of the problematic and the philosophical school. The biography of the author of this essay shows that a certain part of Russian philosophers is characterized by precisely this correlation of features and driving forces of their academic career. Philosophers belonging to this group are characterized by two common features: 1) coming to philosophy from other humanities disciplines; 2) coming to philosophy against the backdrop of a more or less acute “personnel crisis” in this discipline at the turn of the 1990–2000s. They can also be called a kind of generation, at least a generation within a generation. However, their “generational” unity is purely structural, and the content of their activities is determined by their belonging to the schools through which they were introduced to philosophy. Thus, the author of the essay, who initially specialized in the history of social thought, became a graduate student in the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies at Tula State University named after L. N. Tolstoy, working closely with the ethics sector of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This determined not only his long-term connection with the institute, but also his belonging to the Moscow ethical school with its methodological approaches and theoretical guidelines regarding the phenomenon of morality. Such a biographical scenario excluded priority communication with philosophical peers and contributed to the perception of one’s discipline (ethics) not as a space of generational change, which dramatically fight each other to define a “universally recognized reality” (J. Ortega y Gasset), but as a space for collective solutions to cross-cutting theoretical problems.

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Moruzzi, Alessia, Tanvi Shroff, Silke Keller, Peter Loskill y Madalena Cipriano. "Training the Next Generation of Researchers in the Organ-on-Chip Field". Education Sciences 13, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020144.

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Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology bridges the principles of biology and engineering to create a new generation of in vitro models and involves highly interdisciplinary collaboration across STEM disciplines. Training the next generation of scientists, technicians and policy makers is a challenge that requires a tailored effort. To promote the qualification, usability, uptake and long-term development of OoC technology, we designed a questionnaire to evaluate the key aspects for training, identify the major stakeholders to be trained, their professional level and specific skillset. The 151 respondents unanimously agreed on the need to train the next generation of OoC researchers and that the training should be provided early, in interdisciplinary subjects and throughout the researchers’ career. We identified two key training priorities: (i) training scientists with a biology background in microfabrication and microfluidics principles and (ii) training OoC developers in pharmacology/toxicology. This makes training in OoC a transdisciplinary challenge rather than an interdisciplinary one. The data acquired and analyzed here serves to guide training initiatives for preparing competent and transdisciplinary researchers, capable of assuring the successful development and application of OoC technologies in academic research, pharmaceutical/chemical/cosmetic industries, personalized medicine and clinical trials on chip.

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Prophete, Justine, Daud Lodin, Jim Gallagher y Abraham Houng. "584 Where Are They Now? - A Single-Center Survey of Burn Surgery Fellow Graduates". Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (23 de marzo de 2022): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.212.

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Abstract Introduction Burn surgery encompasses different surgical disciplines such as general surgery, trauma, surgical critical care and plastic surgery. Those who apply to burn fellowship also have various interests. This study’s purpose was to discern the various career paths of burn fellowship graduates. It also investigated the frequency of specific chosen specialties and workplace settings. The results of the study could be used to modify current clinical burn fellowship curriculum. Methods A survey was created using an internet tool and emailed to graduates of the clinical burn fellowship program from an American Burn Association verified burn center. The survey was sent to graduates of the last 10 years (2010-2020). The questions inquired about surgical field of work, board certification, additional training experience, work setting, and time since fellowship graduation. The participants’ responses were recorded anonymously to account for biases. The quantitative data was then collected for each question, and the data was calculated into percentages. Results Of the possible 17 fellows who graduated in the past ten years, 11 responded to our survey (64.7%). The most common surgical field pursued after the fellowship was plastic surgery with 5 graduates (45.5%). The following three fields all had 2 graduates each: burn surgery (burn/trauma), general surgery and wound care (18.2%). Almost all of the participants had completed additional training: 6 in plastic surgery (54.5%), and 4 in surgical critical care (36.4%). The work settings were primarily academic institutions (45.5%), followed by office-based practices (35.4%), ambulatory surgery centers (9.1%), and community hospitals (9.1%). Of the participants, 4 are board-certified in their chosen field, and 5 are board-eligible. Only 3 graduates are affiliated with a burn center. Conclusions The results of the study indicate the interests and career choices of previous burn fellows. This information can be used to modify burn fellowship curriculums to the needs and future career paths of the fellows. Traditional clinical burn fellowship programs emphasize burn critical care and acute burn surgery. Since some of the graduates are interested in plastic surgery, burn reconstruction could be added to the current curriculum. Plastic surgery faculty members could also serve as mentors to the fellows.

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Auanassova, A. "INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES". Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics 4, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.02.

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A broad range of teamwork styles and practices characterizes the present state of science. Working together across organizational and cultural boundaries widens the horizons of scientific discovery. Collaborative research initiatives that span international borders frequently yield results that surpass the accomplishments of individual teams working alone. Collaboration among scientists is an essential aspect of the advancement of all scientific disciplines, particularly in the field of clinical medicine. Cultural and international diversity involvement in projects can be advantageous for scientific progress. However, it also brings specific difficulties, potential hazards, and drawbacks. Some of the significant difficulties identified are related to the physical distance between people and the variations in culture, language, and career level. This review analyzes the benefits and challenges associated with international scientific collaboration and strategies for effective collaboration.

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Wijayanti, Farida Indri y Arif Nugroho. "ENGLISH MATERIAL NEEDS OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS: AN ESP APPROACH". ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal) 7, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/eternal.v71.2021.a11.

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English for automotive technology is a specific discipline in which the students require particular language learning materials to meet their academic and future career needs. Hence, contextual material is a prerequisite to achieving the success of language learning. Drawing on this issue, the present study identified the English material needs of automotive technology students for working in vehicle inspection. The required data were collected using a web-based questionnaire and semi-structured interview from 186 students, 7 English lecturers, and 44 graduates of Poltrada Bali and PKTJ Tegal Indonesia who were purposively selected as the participants. This study classified English materials into content areas of automotive technology, language skills, and linguistic features. The results revealed that content areas needed by the students included vehicle components and their performances, ranging from engine system to support components. This study further suggested that speaking and reading were the most frequently needed skills than the other two skills because of the rapid growth of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) and the needs of international information exchange in the automotive field. It was also depicted that the students preferred applied terminologies and translation to grammar since many automotive technology references and vehicle inspection were normally written in English. The results of this study could serve as an overview for lecturers and institution in automotive technology program to create standard syllabus and contextual material textbooks for the students.

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Baker, Amy, Mary A. Hums, Yoseph Mamo y Damon P. S. Andrew. "Outcomes of Mentoring Relationships Among Sport Management Faculty: Application of a Theoretical Framework". Journal of Sport Management 33, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2019): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0100.

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The importance of mentoring in the development of individual careers is noted in the business and higher education literature. However, prior research has given little attention to the development of mentoring relationships between junior and senior sport management faculty members. In addition to providing context-specific information, mentorship studies of sport management faculty provide insight on an emerging and gender-imbalanced discipline in the academy. This study reviews the literature on mentorship, and presents a hybrid framework on the mentor–protégé relationships established in the academic field of sport management. Specifically, the study identifies aspects of the relationships likely to yield positive perceptual outcomes, such as relationship effectiveness, trust, and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 161 sport management faculty members in the United States and Canada. The results provide support for the new hybrid framework and highlight mentoring as a valuable mechanism to support sport management faculty.

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Bharat Kumar S. Ankalagi, Nagaraj Gangadhar Hanshul, Ramprasad H., Sudeep Shetty, Tejaswi M.N., Dr. Sindhu Sree M., Dr. Pavithra G y Dr. T.C.Manjunath. "Molecular Modeling". international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, n.º 3 (2023): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.60.

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In this paper, the modelling of molecule is presented. Chemistry, as the central science, utilizes models in virtually every aspect of the discipline. Integral to the progress of chemistry has been its ability to draw from physics, mathematics, statistics, and computer science to develop new sub disciplines, such as computational chemistry. As computing hardware has become faster and more accessible, so to have techniques to perform modelling and simulations of molecular systems. Software systems today assist researchers in the study of molecular systems and provide mechanisms for deriving a rigorous and consistent explanation for the chemical or biological behaviour observed or help the researcher to develop a model for predictions. Molecular modelling is a field that encompasses a wide range of theoretical and computational methods used to represent the structure and behavior of molecules, ions, and particles. These models can be classified based on their length and time scales, ranging from electronic-level models to continuous-level models. One of the main applications of molecular modelling is in drug discovery, where it can be used to predict the activity and behavior of molecules in the body, aiding in the design of new drugs. Additionally, molecular modelling plays a crucial role in materials science, where it can be used to design new materials with specific properties, such as strength, flexibility, and conductivity. With advances in computing hardware and software, molecular modelling has become an increasingly powerful tool in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, and materials science, allowing researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior of molecules and particles at the molecular level. The work done & presented in this paper is the result of the mini-project work that has been done by the first sem engineering students of the college and as such there is little novelty in it and the references are being taken from various sources from the internet, the paper is being written by the students to test their writing skills in the starting of their engineering career and also to test the presentation skills during their mini-project presentation. The work done & presented in this paper is the report of the assignment / alternate assessment tool as a part and parcel of the academic assignment of the first year subject on nanotechnology & IoT.

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Kokko, Sirpa. "Orientations on studying crafts in higher education". Craft Research 13, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre_00086_1.

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Crafts in higher education (HE) are scattered and typically lack departments of their own, instead being integrated in art, design, technology, education or culture-oriented departments. The purpose of this research is to shed light on the orientations of crafts in HE programmes that have crafts as their foci. Based on document analysis of the curricula of one American and four European (Finland, Sweden, Estonia and United Kingdom) craft study programmes and fieldwork observations, the following five orientations were identified: educational crafts, traditional crafts, critical crafts, cultural heritage of crafts and design-based crafts. Both similarities and differences were found. The targets, prospective career paths and pedagogical methods of these study programmes were adapted to the broader targets of the various departments. Craft teaching followed the basic principles of studio pedagogy. The sought-after skill acquisition level varied from expressive purposes to ability to make quality products. There were also differences in whether a programme focused on a specific craft field or covered a broad spectrum. The requirements of academization were adapted in all study programmes. However, the role of writing differed from free and short reflective writing in the art department to a strict academic writing style in the education department. Professional goals varied from becoming a teacher or an artist to self-employment in a small-scale craft enterprise or achieving commercial success in industrial production. Concerns about losing craft traditions and dedication to maintaining them were shared across programmes. Despite being situated on the outskirts of academia, the status of crafts as an HE discipline adds value and visibility to the crafts and strengthens their identities.

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Fortunato, S., C. T. Bergstrom, K. Börner, J. A. Evans, D. Helbing, S. Milojević, A. M. Petersen et al. "Science of science". Bibliosphere, n.º 1 (20 de mayo de 2021): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2021-1-25-42.

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BACKGROUND. The increasing availability of digital data on scholarly inputs and outputs – from research funding, productivity, and collaboration to paper citations and scientist mobility – offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the structure and evolution of science. The science of science (SciSci) offers a quantitative understanding of the interactions among scientific agents across diverse geographic and temporal scales: It provides insights into the conditions underlying creativity and the genesis of scientific discovery, with the ultimate goal of developing tools and policies that have the potential to accelerate science. In the past decade, SciSci has benefited from an influx of natural, computational, and social scientists who together have developed big data–based capabilities for empirical analysis and generative modeling that capture the unfolding of science, its institutions, and its workforce. The value proposition of SciSci is that with a deeper understanding of the factors that drive successful science, we can more effectively address environmental, societal, and technological problems.ADVANCES. Science can be described as a complex, self-organizing, and evolving network of scholars, projects, papers, and ideas. This representation has unveiled patterns characterizing the emergence of new scientific fields through the study of collaboration networks and the path of impactful discoveries through the study of citation networks. Microscopic models have traced the dynamics of citation accumulation, allowing us to predict the future impact of individual papers. SciSci has revealed choices and trade-offs that scientists face as they advance both their own careers and the scientific horizon. For example, measurements indicate that scholars are risk-averse, preferring to study topics related to their current expertise, which constrains the potential of future discoveries. Those willing to break this pattern engage in riskier careers but become more likely to make major breakthroughs. Overall, the highest-impact science is grounded in conventional combinations of prior work but features unusual combinations. Last, as the locus of research is shifting into teams, SciSci is increasingly focused on the impact of team research, finding that small teams tend to disrupt science and technology with new ideas drawing on older and less prevalent ones. In contrast, large teams tend to develop recent, popular ideas, obtaining high, but often short-lived, impact.OUTLOOK. SciSci offers a deep quantitative understanding of the relational structure between scientists, institutions, and ideas because it facilitates the identification of fundamental mechanisms responsible for scientific discovery. These interdisciplinary data-driven efforts complement contributions from related fields such as scientometrics and the economics and sociology of science. Although SciSci seeks long-standing universal laws and mechanisms that apply across various fields of science, a fundamental challenge going forward is accounting for undeniable differences in culture, habits, and preferences between different fields and countries. This variation makes some cross-domain insights difficult to appreciate and associated science policies difficult to implement. The differences among the questions, data, and skills specific to each discipline suggest that further insights can be gained from domain-specific SciSci studies, which model and identify opportunities adapted to the needs of individual research fields.Abstract. Identifying fundamental drivers of science and developing predictive models to capture its evolution are instrumental for the design of policies that can improve the scientific enterprise – for example, through enhanced career paths for scientists, better performance evaluation for organizations hosting research, discovery of novel effective funding vehicles, and even identification of promising regions along the scientific frontier. The science of science uses large-scale data on the production of science to search for universal and domainspecific patterns. Here, we review recent developments in this transdisciplinary field.

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Hancock, Zoe, Matthew Wynn y Brian Carpenter. "What Do Introduction to Psychology Textbooks Have to Say About Older Adults?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2796.

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Abstract Introduction to Psychology is one of the most popular undergraduate courses, an entry course for psychology majors and also popular with students from other disciplines. Consequently, the content in introductory psychology textbooks has the potential to influence undergraduates’ knowledge, attitudes, and interests, including those related to aging. The purpose of this study was to analyze aging-related content in introductory psychology textbooks to understand the topics to which students are exposed in this important course. We analyzed the indices of 21 best-selling Introduction to Psychology textbooks for both advanced and intermediate audiences, published between 2018 and 2020. We extracted and aggregated 275 unique, aging-specific index terms from the textbooks and analyzed their relative frequency. We identified 61 superordinate index terms corresponding to general terms (e.g., “aging,” “death”). The indices also included 214 unique subordinate terms that were more specific (e.g., “aging, and cognition”). Across textbooks, the most frequent topics reflected negative consequences of aging (e.g., “Alzheimer disease” = appeared in 100% of textbooks, “death” in 52%). In contrast, positive aspects of aging appeared less often (e.g., “generativity” in 47%, “longevity” in 10%). Terms describing career opportunities were rare (e.g., “gerontology” in 5%, “geropsychology” in 5%), as were modern theories (e.g., “socioemotional selectivity theory” in 28%). Advocacy for comprehensive and balanced representation of aging in introductory psychology textbooks is critical for educating students and promoting interest in the field.

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Kosenko, H. "Peculiarities of teaching the academic discipline “Quartet class” in distance learning conditions". Culture of Ukraine, n.º 78 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.078.18.

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The relevance of the article is due to the new realities of today, namely, the transition of most Ukrainian educational institutions to distance learning. This has caused a change in the approach to the educational process and proved the importance of media literacy of educators, their knowledge and mastery of Internet technologies and the introduction of various useful applications into the curriculum. The purpose of the article is to overview the innovations of the educational process in modern realities, provide a list of tools and demonstrate the implementation of individual applications capable of modernizing online learning and helping to achieve efficient and high-quality results. The methodology. The purpose and objectives of the research have determined its methodology. Methods of empirical knowledge, systematization and generalization have formed the fundamental basis of the study. The results. The article highlights the peculiarities of the online learning process. Special attention is paid to the need to improve the media literacy of educators. An overview has been made and references have been chosen for courses, webinars, seminars, online platforms for professional development in the field of digital technologies. It has been proved that such software as Audacity, BandLab, Audio Editor Hokusai, Reaper, Samplitude, Cubase and the following online resources Audio-Joiner, Mp3cut.foxcom, clideo.com, filesmerge.com, solveigmm.com, mp3food.com have become useful in the process of teaching. Specific examples of the use of Google’s digital tools have been offered, including Google Classroom, Google form, Google sites. The study has also revealed the importance of individual student work and a systematized list of forms of independent student work in the quartet class has been provided, among them: listening to a given quartet composition; work with a quartet score; understanding of the form of musical works, their semantic load; learning the musical text, taking into account all the composer’s notes; selection of the most profitable application; arrangement of beats and their coordination between members of the ensemble; development of pausing and its coordination with other team members; finding the culminating points of the musical work and building the logical development of its composition. The scientific novelty of the article is the description of innovative options for interaction with students in non-standard learning conditions aimed at maximum productivity and success. The practical significance of this research lies in the introduction of the proposed ideas into the educational process and the stimulation of creativity development and the use of creative pedagogical approach in communication with students. Conclusions. One of the main conclusions of this study is that online teaching of ensemble disciplines, in particular the quartet class, requires a professional, creative pedagogical approach which is highly integrated with knowledge of computer technologies, monitoring of new digital tools that simplify the educational process and make it possible to motivate students and get high learning results. This article represents a kind of impetus for the creative imagination of educators and is aimed at its further development.

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Kluger, Anne. "Between pottery and politics? “Slavic archaeology” in communist Poland and East Germany and its interrelations with politics and ideology. A biographical-comparative approach". Studia Historiae Scientiarum 19 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 287–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.20.010.12566.

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Despite the previous overview studies on Polish and East German archaeology and historiography after 1945, further analyses of the relationship between science and politics as well as of the inner-disciplinary processes and discourses in the “Cold War” period are still needed. This applies in particular to the research field of “Slavic archaeology”, the archaeological and historiographical research on the “Slavs” in prehistorical and early medieval times. With regard to recent demands for an extended and more dynamic understanding of science and new methodological approaches in the history of science (and of archaeology as well), this paper focuses on two leading figures of “Slavic archaeology”, Witold Hensel (PPR) and Joachim Herrmann (GDR), as case studies to provide more insights into this discipline. Analysing the course of Hensel’s and Herrmann’s careers and of their way to the “Slavs” as one of their main research interests, their administrative functions as institutional directors and the central narratives of their publications on the early “Slavs”, provides the opportunity to profoundly dissect the interrelations between scholarly work, politics, and ideology in this field of research. The comparative approach also makes it possible to identify parallel tendencies in Eastern German and Polish “Slavic archaeology” as well as specific national conditions and developments. On the example of Hensel and Herrmann, it becomes clear that the implemented biographical-comparative perspective is fruitful and can be used for further research in the history of science.

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Tychenko, Martha. "Analysis of the features of a professional career in the research of Ukrainian and foreign scientists". Організаційна психологія Економічна психологія 1, n.º 25 (16 de mayo de 2022): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/2.2022.1.25.11.

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Introduction. Global uncertainty as a sustainable trend and an integral feature of the modern world affects various spheres of life - economic, social, and the labor market. It also affects the individual career of each person to some extent. Employees need to be able to manage their careers and to be more flexible. Moreover, various approaches to interpreting the concept of professional career and its features have been widely covered in scientific literature. Aim. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign sources to find out the essence of the concept of professional career as well as to study different approaches to its analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of the works of Ukrainian and foreign authors, the author determines the specifics of the concept of professional career and its differences from other careers. The author analyzes two main dimensions of a professional career according to broad and narrow features. This study also emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of the career, its relationship with different fields and disciplines, and appropriate approaches to its study. The author describes the psychological approaches to career analysis - career theories presented in the works of both Ukrainian and foreign researchers. Conclusions. A professional career is a multifaceted concept, so it is significant to study and analyze it both at the individual and at organizational levels. Current world situation is increasing the requirements of employers to meet by employees, on the one hand, and employees’ own expectations for their careers, on the other.

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Naumovic, Slobodan, Marija Brujic y Katarina Mitrovic. "Introduction to the anthropology of photography in Serbia". Bulletin de l'Institut etnographique 69, n.º 1 (2021): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gei2101151n.

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Despite significant strides from the beginning of the 20th century, there was no systematic or institutionalized reflection on photography in Serbian ethnology and anthropology until the 1980s. Until then, photography was mainly used as an additional technical tool for field recording, documenting, and presenting field materials in museums or scientific institutions. However, since the end of the 20th, and especially at the beginning of the 21st century, an increasing number of social scientists have included photography in their works, either through historical and theoretical reflection or through practical use in specific research. This step can be related to the institutionalization of the sub discipline of visual anthropology in Serbia. The paper presents the assumption that both flows are part of a broader process called the visual turn, and the associated flourishing of systematic thinking about visual culture. In this paper, we aim to reconstruct the main features of the visual turn in the local academic community and point out some of its consequences. In addition, our goal is to present the most important achievements related to the mentioned turn, and consider their impact on recent examples of thinking about photography, i.e. its use in ethnological and anthropological research in Serbia. This paper emphasizes the examples that are important in the theoretical, methodological, or applied-scientific framework.

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Devi, Gayathri, Ranjan Sudan, Stephanie Freel y Laura Fish. "2305". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (septiembre de 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.171.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To improve translational research, we have developed a program called Duke Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Translational Sciences (Duke MERITS). Duke MERITS will facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration among faculty involved in foundational, clinical and/or health care research and in turn also prepare them to train the next generation of translational researchers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The program aims are (1) to define metrics and outcomes measures so faculty can track their progress and identify impact of their collaborative research in translational sciences; (2) to offer a multi-modal faculty development series to promote team science, improve didactic teaching, and incorporate innovative resources to promote interdisciplinary approach to translational research; (3) to provide module-based hands-on-training sessions in bench to bedside research and training in translational grant writing to facilitate the development of multidisciplinary research collaborations. The present study describes results from Aim 1 and includes (a) development of baseline outcome assessment tools necessary to gauge the impact of our programs on both the participating faculty and the research culture within Duke University, (b) impact of a specific course offering in Translational Medicine. In order to achieve this, we conducted multiple focus group sessions with faculty self-identified as junior-, mid-, or advanced-career, a mixed group at any career level and included a group of graduate students and postdoctoral trainees to study the impact of a graduate level course in Translational Aspects of Pathobiology. The activities during these translational science focus groups were designed to define what successful translational science is, to determine what resources support translational Science at Duke, and to decide what resources we need in order to enhance Duke’s position as a leader in research and scientific education. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We identified that translational science is changing standards while incorporating leadership, teamwork, collaborations, and movement primarily focusing on the overall goal of improving all aspects of health. Participants categorized their field of study and the fields of their coparticipants most frequently as basic discovery and a combination of intervention and health services. The most frequently identified pros/benefits of performing translational science at Duke include industry connections, collaborations with other departments resulting in disciplines being bridged, improving patient care, and access to resources as well as money. The most frequently identified cons/barriers of performing translational science includes the expensiveness, silos, and lack of resources willing to absorb risks. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The identification of these defined factors from the focus groups has allowed us to issue a comprehensive, sliding Likert scale-based anonymous survey from the secure RedCap system and is being rolled out throughout Duke University, including schools of medicine, nursing, Trinity, biomedical engineering. We envision that Duke MERITS education program will facilitate interprofessional efforts, which we define as a team science approach to identify the clinical “roadblock” and then seek an innovative approach or technology to help overcome this “roadblock”? It can facilitate institutional and departmental recognition in faculty career development. The common goal is to gain fundamental new insights that will result in significant improvement of the existing “standard of care” and meet the challenges of dwindling extramural support.

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Hibbert, Alan. "Philip George Burke. 18 October 1932—4 June 2019". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 70 (24 de marzo de 2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2020.0043.

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The development of theoretical and computational atomic and molecular physics in the second half of the twentieth century owes a great deal to Phil Burke. His knowledge and insight, his enthusiasm and encouragement, his vision and determination were essential characteristics for the success of his work and that of many others. He developed and used the R-matrix method in the study of the interaction between, on the one hand, atoms and molecules and their ions and, on the other, light or electrons. He published many original research papers and was author or editor of a number of books. Especially significant and far-reaching was his setting up of the journal Computer Physics Communications to enable an international field of scientists, initially to share computer codes, but subsequently also to discuss and develop methods in computational physics. While based at the Daresbury Laboratory, he established a number of Collaborative Computational Projects, thus providing a forum for scientists working in specific scientific disciplines to meet periodically to discuss current issues and in particular how the ever advancing cutting-edge of high-end computing could begin to address previously intractable problems. A consequence was his clarity of thinking about which new computer architectures were needed to make significant advances in each field of study, expertly guiding the UK's provision of high-end computers to academia for over 20 years. He was a clear and methodical teacher, at both graduate and undergraduate level, and was generous with the time he gave to his students. In short, he demonstrated a balanced level of excellence in all aspects of his career. He was a consummate academic and a fine role model for his colleagues.

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Fitzgibbon, Marian L., Caryn Peterson, Lila J. Rutten y Amy Yaroch. "Introduction to the Special Issue of the SBM Mid-Career Leadership Institute: leadership and behavioral medicine in context". Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, n.º 4 (agosto de 2020): 862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa051.

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Abstract In 2016, we established the year-long Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Mid-Career Leadership Institute. Individuals are often selected for leadership positions without intentional training in needed leadership skills, including strategic planning, building collaborative teams, goal setting, negotiation, and communication. The purpose of the Leadership Institute is to: (a) provide opportunities for mid-career professionals to build and sustain their leadership capacity; (b) create cohorts of connected fellows in behavioral medicine fields, disciplines, and institutions, who can support one another throughout their professional careers; and (c) enhance specific skills needed to navigate the challenges of mid-career. Over the first 4 years of the Institute, 139 fellows have participated, representing 35 states. Most of the fellows hold PhDs (93%) as a terminal degree. This special issue is dedicated to the leadership experiences of fellows, faculty, senior SBM mentors, peer mentors, and executive coaches.

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Karnatak, H., P. L. N. Raju, Y. V. N. Krishna Murthy, S. K. Srivastav y P. K. Gupta. "E-learning based distance education programme on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science – An initiative of IIRS". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (28 de noviembre de 2014): 1237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1237-2014.

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IIRS has initiated its interactive distance education based capacity building under IIRS outreach programme in year 2007 where more than 15000+ students were trained in the field of geospatial technology using Satellite based interactive terminals and internet based learning using A-View software. During last decade the utilization of Internet technology by different user groups in the society is emerged as a technological revaluation which has directly affect the life of human being. The Internet is used extensively in India for various purposes right from entrainment to critical decision making in government machinery. The role of internet technology is very important for capacity building in any discipline which can satisfy the needs of maximum users in minimum time. Further to enhance the outreach of geospatial science and technology, IIRS has initiated e-learning based certificate courses of different durations. The contents for e-learning based capacity building programme are developed for various target user groups including mid-career professionals, researchers, academia, fresh graduates, and user department professionals from different States and Central Government ministries. The official website of IIRS e-learning is hosted at <a href="http://http://elearning.iirs.gov.in" target="_blank">http://elearning.iirs.gov.in</a>. The contents of IIRS e-learning programme are flexible for anytime, anywhere learning keeping in mind the demands of geographically dispersed audience and their requirements. The program is comprehensive with variety of online delivery modes with interactive, easy to learn and having a proper blend of concepts and practical to elicit students' full potential. The course content of this programme includes Image Statistics, Basics of Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Digital Image Processing, Geographical Information System, Global Positioning System, Customization of Geospatial tools and Applications of Geospatial Technologies. The syllabus of the courses is as per latest developments and trends in geo-spatial science and technologies with specific focus on Indian case studies for geo-spatial applications. The learning is made available through interactive 2D and 3D animations, audio, video for practical demonstrations, software operations with free data applications. The learning methods are implemented to make it more interactive and learner centric application with practical examples of real world problems.

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Da Silva, Joseph. "Producing ‘good enough’ automated transcripts securely: Extending Bokhove and Downey (2018) to address security concerns". Methodological Innovations 14, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 205979912098776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799120987766.

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Interviews are an established research method across multiple disciplines. Such interviews are typically transcribed orthographically in order to facilitate analysis. Many novice qualitative researchers’ experiences of manual transcription are that it is tedious and time-consuming, although it is generally accepted within much of the literature that quality of analysis is improved through researchers performing this task themselves. This is despite the potential for the exhausting nature of bulk transcription to conversely have a negative impact upon quality. Other researchers have explored the use of automated methods to ease the task of transcription, more recently using cloud-computing services, but such services present challenges to ensuring confidentiality and privacy of data. In the field of cyber-security, these are particularly concerning; however, any researcher dealing with confidential participant speech should also be uneasy with third-party access to such data. As a result, researchers, particularly early-career researchers and students, may find themselves with no option other than manual transcription. This article presents a secure and effective alternative, building on prior work published in this journal, to present a method that significantly reduced, by more than half, interview transcription time for the researcher yet maintained security of audio data. It presents a comparison between this method and a fully manual method, drawing on data from 10 interviews conducted as part of my doctoral research. The method presented requires an investment in specific equipment which currently only supports the English language.

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Handley, Heather K., Jess Hillman, Melanie Finch, Teresa Ubide, Sarah Kachovich, Sandra McLaren, Anna Petts, Jemma Purandare, April Foote y Caroline Tiddy. "In Australasia, gender is still on the agenda in geosciences". Advances in Geosciences 53 (24 de septiembre de 2020): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-205-2020.

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Abstract. Diversity and inclusion in the workplace optimise performance through the input of a range of perspectives and approaches that drive innovation and invention. However, gender inequity is prevalent throughout society and females remain underrepresented in geoscience careers. This study provides the current status of gender equity in geosciences throughout Australasia within the context of broader gender equity policy, frameworks and initiatives and suggests additional solutions and opportunities to improve gender equity and the retention of women in the geoscience workforce. At an individual institutional level in academia, females make up between 23 %–52 % of the total geoscience departmental or school staff in Australia, 26 %–39 % of the total staff in New Zealand, 29 % of total staff at the University of Papua New Guinea and 18 % at the University of the South Pacific. Significant gender imbalance exists at more senior levels, with disproportionately more males than females, a pattern typical of many Science Technology Engineering and Maths (STEM) disciplines. Gender inequity is prevalent within the general membership, committee roles and in award recipients of Australasian geoscience professional associations. Within the Geological Society of Australia and Geoscience Society of New Zealand, only 4 % (n=47) and 18 % (n=161), respectively of past award recipients for national and general awards were female. All past awards considered in this study that are named in honour of a person were named in honour of a man (n=9). In recent years, women-focused networks have begun to play an invaluable role to support the retention and promotion of women in geosciences and provide a supportive mentoring environment to discuss challenges and share advice. The improved visibility of women in the geoscientific community is an ongoing issue that can in part be addressed through the development of public databases of women geoscientists. These provide a list of women geoscientists that encourages and supports the achievement of gender balance of invited talks, job shortlisting and on panels, as well as in the media. This work highlights that more must be done to actively reduce and eliminate sexual harassment and assault in university and field environments. We emphasise that particular efforts are required to make geoscience careers more inclusive and safer, through the establishment of specific codes of conduct for field trips. Shared learning of best practices from evidence-based approaches and innovative solutions will also be of value in creating positive change. Greater engagement from the wider geoscientific community, and society in general, is required for the success of gender equity initiatives. Identified solutions and opportunities must target all levels of education and career development. Additional data in future should be collected to look beyond gender to monitor and assess intersectionality. Improved efforts to understand why women leave STEM careers will help to address the “leaky pipeline” and determine the initiatives that will be most effective in creating long term sustainable change.

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Mehranpour, Soraya, Farzaneh Hosseini y Leila Firoozabadi. "The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on the Participation of Women in STEM Fields in Iran". Research and Advances in Education 3, n.º 3 (marzo de 2024): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/rae.2024.03.03.

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This paper delves into the critical examination of how gender stereotypes impede the participation of women in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields within the socio-cultural context of Iran. Despite significant strides toward achieving gender equality, the remnants of traditional societal and cultural expectations persistently influence the educational pursuits and career choices of Iranian women, particularly in fields traditionally dominated by men. This study seeks to uncover the depth and breadth of gender stereotypes’ impact on women’s engagement with STEM disciplines, a crucial step toward formulating strategies for a more inclusive and equitable STEM environment. The research specifically aims to quantify the prevalence of gender stereotypes and to explore their multifaceted effects on women’s decisions to pursue careers in STEM fields. It further investigates how these stereotypes influence women’s perseverance and success within these disciplines once they have chosen to embark on a STEM career path. By mapping the landscape of gender stereotypes and their tangible impacts on women’s participation in STEM in Iran, this study contributes valuable insights into the barriers women face and proposes targeted interventions to dismantle these obstacles. The findings of this research hold significant implications for policymakers, educators, and STEM industry leaders in Iran and potentially in other similar contexts. By addressing the specific challenges related to gender stereotypes in STEM, this paper paves the way for the development of more supportive educational policies, curricula, and workplace cultures that encourage and sustain women’s participation and advancement in STEM fields.

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Artiuh, Aleksey, Vladislav Maksimenko y Elena Tolstoluzskaya. "Research of the computer model of the web service for testing knowledge". Bulletin of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series «Mathematical modeling. Information technology. Automated control systems», n.º 52 (29 de noviembre de 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2304-6201-2021-52-02.

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Testing is widely used as one of the methods of monitoring students' assimilation of knowledge and has a number of certain advantages over traditional methods of assessment. At schools and universities, tests can be used for monitoring and evaluate students' behavior, psyche, career guidance, or motivation. For a long time, paper tests have been used by educational institutions and private companies to assess student or employee performance. State exams and contests often include a multiple-choice test. Conducting such tests requires preparing a location for the test, spending time on checking and notifying students. Currently, there are a large number of different ways to monitor and evaluate knowledge. A tool for measuring a student's achievements is a properly designed test that corresponds not only to the subject of study, but also to its tasks and serves to develop a systematic approach to studying the discipline. Testing in educational institutions is used as a means of objective control of students' knowledge of the curriculum. Systematic monitoring of students' level of knowledge, on the one hand, determines the student's academic performance, and on the other hand, it is an indicator of the effectiveness of teaching methods and organization of the educational process. The inclusion of various forms of test tasks in the learning process motivates students to step up work on mastering educational material and forms a desire to develop their abilities. Comparing the testing performed with the help of paper questionnaires and online testing, it is obvious that online testing is much more effective. The computer models of web-based knowledge verification services have been investigated in this paper by using methods of statistical and computer modeling. The research of knowledge control methods has been carried out and it has been shown that the time required to create a test and analyze the results in the perspective system could be minimized by using the modern technologies in the field of web development. The choice of the system architecture and a specific set of technologies depends on the requirement of maximizing speed of the system-user interaction. The analytical component of the system should answer the users’ most popular questions concerning the test results. The results obtained provide the main characteristics for creating a computer model of a web service for testing knowledge.

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Andueza Olmedo, María. "AN ELUCIDATION OF PUBLIC SOUND ART THROUGH A NON-SONOROUS TRADITION". SoundEffects - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Sound and Sound Experience 2, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2012): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/se.v2i1.5253.

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The origins of sound art are usually traced to previous sonorous artistic manifestations such as futurism or fluxus (see Labelle, 2006; Kahn, 1999). However, in non-sonorous manifestations it is also possible to appreciate some features of sound art that go beyond the dominant role that sound plays. By adding to the topic of sound art essential notions of temporality, spatial construction and social recognition, the emergence of a sonorous artistic practice which goes beyond the mere use of sound is revealed. In this sense, research in public sound art, which is the primary topic of this paper, provides three issues to which it is important to pay attention in order to pose new sound art theories and ideas: First, the viewer-listener, considered simply as a citizen; second, the city, understood as a sculptural space and a social space, and finally, derived from the previous two, the transformation of the concept of ‘space’ in the practices concerning the public sphere of art. The implementation of these concepts, which took place naturally in different artistic domains, represented the beginning of the creative use of sound and, specifically, the awakening of public sound art. For this reason, based on sound art studies, as mentioned above, the projection of the article goes beyond these writings in an attempt to connect sound art with the public space. Literature on sound art has described its origins through music, poetry, architecture and other disciplines. However, this article addresses its origin in connection with the specific area of the city. The sound installation’s pioneer, Max Neuhaus, will act as a guide towards this aim. This process allows a rereading of some of the most evocative examples of sound art and, at the same time, provides other references that will be valuable for assessing the growing interest in the creation of sound interventions in public space. The prolific career of Max Neuhaus, which covered a broad range of topics, will establish a connection between public sound art and artists and thinkers who are rarely linked to this medium. These connections will, however, offer new perspectives onto the most widely discussed topics of the discipline: temporality and spatiality. This inquiry into the roots of sound art is an attempt to make a contribution to its history, not only by way of evidence, but also through suggestions provided by works of art that are far removed from the medium of sound and by other contributions from different fields of studies.(1)

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