Tesis sobre el tema "Cardiologie – Prise de décision"
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Cappelaere, Charles-Henri. "Estimation du risque de mort subite par arrêt cardiaque a l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage artificiel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066014.
Texto completoImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been prescribed for prophylaxis since the early 2000?s, for patients at high risk of SCD. Unfortunately, most implantations to date appear unnecessary. This result raises an important issue because of the perioperative and postoperative risks. Thus, it is important to improve the selection of the candidates to ICD implantation in primary prevention. Risk stratification for SCD based on Holter recordings has been extensively performed in the past, without resulting in a significant improvement of the selection of candidates to ICD implantation. The present report describes a nonlinear multivariate analysis of Holter recording indices. We computed all the descriptors available in the Holter recordings present in our database. The latter consisted of labelled Holter recordings of patients equipped with an ICD in primary prevention, a fraction of these patients received at least one appropriate therapy from their ICD during a 6-month follow-up. Based on physiological knowledge on arrhythmogenesis, feature selection was performed, and an innovative procedure of classifier design and evaluation was proposed. The classifier is intended to discriminate patients who are really at risk of sudden death from patients for whom ICD implantation does not seem necessary. In addition, we designed an ad hoc classifier that capitalizes on prior knowledge on arrhythmogenesis. We conclude that improving prophylactic ICD-implantation candidate selection by automatic classification from Holter recording features may be possible. Nevertheless, that statement should be supported by the study of a more extensive and appropriate database
Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Texto completoDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Alcaraz, Fabien. "Circuits thalamocorticaux de la prise de décision". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0446/document.
Texto completoSurvival of living organisms depends on the ability to make decision adapted to theircurrent needs and desires. Such an ability results from the integration of multiple basiccognitive processes such as events prediction and action control. These processes are bestinvestigated within the framework of associative learning. Past research has demonstratedthat these processes are supported by a widespread neuronal circuit, in which the prefrontalcortex and his major afferent structure, the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), play a central role.In this context, this thesis work aimed at investigating the functional role of the exchangesbetween these two structures in decision making.In a first part of this work, we assessed the role of the MD in prediction and control.We showed that MD lesioned rats are unable to adapt their behavior to a change in rewardvalue, in an experimental procedure asking the integration of instrumental and Pavloviancontingencies. This result confirmed the fundamental role of MD in goal representation. As asecond step, we performed an anatomical study in order to characterize the architecture ofthe thalamocortical pathways arising from the MD. We first showed that multiplethalamocortical pathways originate from segregated neuronal populations within the MD.We also discovered a poorly known thalamic structure innervating the orbitofrontal cortex,the submedius nuclei. In order to understand the functional role of these pathways, we useda conditional chemogenetic technique aimed at inactivating neuronal populations selectedon the basis of their projections. Using this technique, we showed that the animal’s abilitiesto represent either the value or the action-reward relationship depend on the directionalityof MD and prefrontal cortex exchanges. Finally, we identified a specific role for thesubmedius nuclei in updating Pavlovian contingencies, by using a more classical lesioningapproach.Taken together, these results support the idea that decision making involved severalthalamocortical loops, differentially supporting prediction and action control
Diallo, Abdoul Aziz. "Qualité de la prise en charge des maladies cardio-vasculaires dans un centre hospitalier général". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M172.
Texto completoGingras, François. "Prise de décision à partir de données séquentielles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ56697.pdf.
Texto completoDubus, Jean-Philippe. "Prise de décision multiattribut avec le modèle GAI". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812558.
Texto completoFlora, Dominique. "Organisation, motivation et prise de décision dans l'entreprise". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100048.
Texto completoMoraïtis, Pavlos. "Paradigme multi-agent et prise de décision distribuée". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090046.
Texto completoMathis, Jérôme. "Prise de décision, expertise et information partiellement vérifiable". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0263.pdf.
Texto completoOur contemporary societies are marked more and more by a search of productivity and rationalization. This requires the detention and correct use of information (whatever economic, scientist, technological, social or political). Thus, the expert's report and communication activities are increasing. The producers and transmitters of information (experts) can influence the decision-making by strategically withholding some information. This thesis studies from a theoretical, normative and positive point of view, the impact of the possibilities for certifying information on those of influencing the decision outcome. The first part treats an advisory decision-making (the experts are consulted by the decision maker). The second part treats a deliberative decision-making (the decision-making is directly entrusted to the experts having to decide through a deliberation)
Cohen, Gérard. "Théorie de la décision, décision et non-decision dans l'électronucléaire : le rôle du décideur". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000311.pdf.
Texto completoThe electro-nuclear industry is a minefield for decision makers. The problem has migrated from the economic to the political sphere, a phenomenon which the latter would rather have avoided. . . How and why? The first part of this thesis presents a diagnostic of the formal decision making system in the electro-nuclear field. It is clear that this system is structurally inefficient. The second part explores the true decision making system in the electro-nuclear field, revealing the existence of an underlying, virtually secret decision making system, unique to this industry. This is explained (particularly with a diagram) and proved twice by the facts. The conclusion is also very clear : in the electro-nuclear industry, everyone knows what must (inevitably ) be done, but no one will make any decisions! Quid about a theory in this case ? The third part investigates precisely how academic thought might explain the situation. The conclusion is, again, clear : no theory can satisfactorily explain exactly what is observed. The conclusion of this study proposes defining the electro-nuclear field as a “meta problem” or a “meta organization“. It shows how this particular definition can better explain what is happening in this field, essentially by means of six new diagrams, which, juxtaposed with the first one, can serve as a graphic summary of it
Zhu, Shuguang. "Three essays on mechanism design, information design and collective decision-making". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10008/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates several topics in Microeconomic Theory, with a focus on incorporating information control into mechanism design, checking the robustness of mechanisms, and providing a foundation for inconsistent collective decision-making. This work helps to optimize information transmission and acquisition in organizational communications, advertisement and policy design. It also sheds light on how inconsistent group decisions derive from heterogeneity in group members, and proposes ways to restore efficiency. The thesis consists of three chapters, each of which is self-contained and can be read separately. The first chapter studies a mechanism design environment where the principal has control over the agents’ information about a payoff-relevant state. The principal commits to an information disclosure policy where each agent observes a private signal, while the principal directly observes neither the true state nor the signal profile. Examples include (1) assessing whether a new product matches consumers’ preferences through their feedback on sample product trials, and (2) gathering intelligence by authorizing investigators to collect various aspects of information. I establish optimality of individually uninformative and aggregately revealing disclosure policy, where (i) each agent obtains no new information about the state after observing any realization of his own signal, but (ii) the principal can nevertheless infer the true state from the agents’ reports about their signals. Furthermore, this optimal disclosure policy admits simple and intuitive implementation (such as certain types of blinded experiments, or restrictions on access to certain information) under additional assumptions. If attention is restricted to linear settings, I characterize a class of environments (including those satisfying the standard regularity conditions in mechanism design) where an equivalence result holds between private disclosure and public disclosure.The second chapter, co-authored with Takuro Yamashita, is motivated by Chung and Ely (2007), who establish maxmin and Bayesian foundations for dominant-strategy mechanisms in private-value auction environments. We first show that similar foundation results for ex post mechanisms hold true even with interdependent values if the interdependence is only cardinal. Conversely, if the environment exhibits ordinal interdependence, which is typically the case with multi-dimensional environments, then in general, ex post mechanisms do not have foundation. That is, there exists a non-ex-post mechanism that achieves strictly higher expected revenue than the optimal ex post mechanism, regardless of the agents’ high-order beliefs. The third chapter shows that dynamic inconsistency in collective decision-making can derive from heterogeneity in group members’ outside options (i.e. opportunity costs that individuals have to pay in order to join the group), even if individuals share the same exponentially discounting time preference. This model of endogenous dynamic inconsistency facilitatesthe analysis of welfare consequences, since time-consistent individual preferences allow for a well-defined measurement of social welfare. We further characterize the optimal Bayesian persuasion information disclosure policy, which takes the form of upper revealing rules, to alleviate the welfare distortion caused by inconsistent collective decisions. Our framework proves to be highly adaptable to various contexts, including provision of public facilities and assignment on team work
Mokaled, Ghadi. "L'efficacité de la décision administrative". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3019.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Texto completoStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Texto completoImmordino, Giovanni. "Rôle de l'incertitude scientifique dans la prise de décision". Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10055.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision". Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Texto completoEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Froger, Géraldine. "Rationalité et prise de décision en économie de l'environnement". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010055.
Texto completoEnvironmental risks (the greenhouse effect, acid rains. . . ) take place in a context of ecological globalization and complexity. This result justify our work about decisionmaking based on specific hypothesis of rationality and their abibilty to rationalize some choices of environmental preservation. In complete information, game theory modelize strategic interactions in the field of environmental risks. This analysis, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are strong. We point out this kind of hypothesis is limited to rationalize and explain the choices of environmental preservation. Then we study situations of incomplete information. The expected utility theory, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the cognitive rationality of the agents is a little bit weakened. We developp the reasons why this approach don't take complexity and indetermination into consideration. This results justify the necessity to adopt a larger criterion of rationality called procedural rationality. The naiade method, based on this hypothesis of rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are weakened. We illustrate how this method which articulates multicriteria analysis and fuzzy set theory justify some choices of environmental preservation
Castellanos-Paez, Sandra. "Apprentissage de routines pour la prise de décision séquentielle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM043.
Texto completoIntuitively, a system capable of exploiting its past experiences should be able to achieve better performance. One way to build on past experiences is to learn macros (i.e. routines). They can then be used to improve the performance of the solving process of new problems. In automated planning, the challenge remains on developing powerful planning techniques capable of effectively explore the search space that grows exponentially. Learning macros from previously acquired knowledge has proven to be beneficial for improving a planner's performance. This thesis contributes mainly to the field of automated planning, and it is more specifically related to learning macros for classical planning. We focused on developing a domain-independent learning framework that identifies sequences of actions (even non-adjacent) from past solution plans and selects the most useful routines (i.e. macros), based on a priori evaluation, to enhance the planning domain.First, we studied the possibility of using sequential pattern mining for extracting frequent sequences of actions from past solution plans, and the link between the frequency of a macro and its utility. We found out that the frequency alone may not provide a consistent selection of useful macro-actions (i.e. sequences of actions with constant objects).Second, we discussed the problem of learning macro-operators (i.e. sequences of actions with variable objects) by using classic pattern mining algorithms in planning. Despite the efforts, we find ourselves in a dead-end with the selection process because the pattern mining filtering structures are not adapted to planning.Finally, we provided a novel approach called METEOR, which ensures to find the frequent sequences of operators from a set of plans without a loss of information about their characteristics. This framework was conceived for mining macro-operators from past solution plans, and for selecting the optimal set of macro-operators that maximises the node gain. It has proven to successfully mine macro-operators of different lengths for four different benchmarks domains and thanks to the selection phase, be able to deliver a positive impact on the search time without drastically decreasing the quality of the plans
Cherkaoui, Hajar. "Vers une prise de décision robuste en maintenance conditionnelle". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0040.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to robust decision making in maintenance of systems subject to gradual degradation. Our first contribution is to develop a criterion allowing the joint evaluation of the mean economic performance and the robustness of different types of maintenance strategies. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it adapts to different types of maintenance strategies and provides access to a simple and relevant evaluation model. The second contribution is devoted to the development and the evaluation of a joint maintenance and spares parts management strategy that applies to multi-component systems with different qualities. For the proposed joint strategy, prognostic indicator is used for both maintenance and procurement decision-making. The evaluation criterion proposed above is used for the evaluation of this policy as well. The third contribution corresponds to the proposal of two conditional maintenance strategies with hybrid inspections for the maintenance of multi-component systems with different and unknown qualities. For the strategies proposed, online monitoring information is used to disclose the quality of system components to be maintained using statistical techniques of classification and estimation
Haydar, Jamal. "Prise de décision orientée QoS dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066184.
Texto completoMartin, Valérie Chambonet Jean-Yves. "Prise en charge en médecine générale d' un syndrome coronarien aigu l' angor instable /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDmartin.pdf.
Texto completoHarang, Laurence. "Rationalité de l'action et rationalité de la décision". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10039.
Texto completoVeron, Paul. "La décision médicale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD064.
Texto completoThe medical relationship is traditionally addressed by the private law academia through the prism of the of the contract concept. In line with another part of the academia, this study aims to put forth a renewed reading, centered on another paradigm: the decision. The law does not govern here a meeting of minds producing obligations but rather a care decision whose purpose is performing a medical procedure on a patient, primarily taken as a human being. The approach can a priori rest on a certain degree of common sense: isn’t medicine, after all, primarily an art – which partly became a science – of the decision?To approach the concept of decision in the field of medical law requires to give up the dominant meaning given to that term in the various legal disciplines. Well-known figure of public law and procedural law, emerging in private law, the notion of decision is largely identified with a unilateral legal action. Such strict interpretation cannot prevail for understanding our object of study: first, the medical decision is not a legal action; secondly, it may be unilateral or bilateral, or, to be precise, it can be individual or shared. It appears to be preferable, in the field of medical law, to return to a common meaning of this notion of decision, as opposed to strictly legal: it is a selecting process geared towards the implementation of a deed.The way the law addresses a medical decision can be summarized in four questions : Who decides? Addressing the issue of identifying the decision makers. How should the decision be taken? Addressing the decision-making procedure. Why and to what aim is a decision taken? Addressing the question of reasons and purposes on which the medical decision is based. Finally, what can we decide? Which means can we implement to cure? This addresses the question of the purpose of the decision. While the first two points are related to the process of decision-making, the last two refer to the issue of decision taken.This approach essentially has dual benefits. First, it offers a unique mean of interpreting the medical care relationship, regardless of the context (public hospital, private clinic or private practice), which appears necessary in view of the legal developments in the last two decades. Second, it allows the conceptualisation of the medical relationship in a theory of power, medical decisions being analysed, in this aspect, as the expression of private power
Deschênes-Beaulieu, Sara Maude. "La prise de décision éthique des consultants : compréhension du processus". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/136.
Texto completoHallaoui, Abdelmjid. "Le consensus comme mode de prise de décision à l'OMC". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0005.
Texto completoEven if consensus as mode of decision-making is a principle which is supposed to guarantee the equity and the participation of all of the members, the results of the multilateral negotiations are often, unfortunately, in favour of the developed countries. The great losers are the poor members. Is consensus at WTO in a crisis? The principal cause isn't that this organisation was created for the firs countries, and not for the last ones. It seems that WTO want to be presented as an Organisation for all members, but, in fact all members are not for WTO. Our work end by the conclusion that the world need not just one trade organisation, but several ones which can satisfy the needs of citizens, according to the development levels of their countries; and if WTO should to subsist, it is just to stay as a forum of discussion ,but not an organ of decision making
Nguyen, Quoc Toan. "La prise de décision de l'auditeur dans le contexte vietnamien". Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40056.
Texto completoThe external auditor plays a very important role to ensure accounting information and strengthen the trust between those involved in the company. The auditor has a difficult taskto investigate the accountability and responsability to establish, in an audit report, if accountability is correct and faithful. This mission requires the auditor to make good auditing decisions. However, our research objective is to understand, how and why the audit's decision was taken differently in each specific context. Decision-making in auditing has been widely studied in developped countries, particularly in Europe and America. For Vietnam this study is the first of its kind. Being aware of the importance of the auditors profession in this country, our research contributes to new knowledge on undersqtanding the audit decision in the Vietnamese contexte. The decision making of the Vietnamese auditor is studied through two aspects : cultural and professional. The first is based on the Vietnamese cultural dimension which influences the individual's decision. The religious influences, way of thinking, individual autonomy, collective behaviour, etc. . . The second is based on the auditors work environment in Vietnam which is particularly characterizes by the professional organization of the audit, the regulatory frame, the organizational culture of the firm and the socio-political context. We are also devoted to analyzing the decision making of the Vietnamese auditors through two aproaches : quantitative and qualitative. This analytical approach begins with an explanation for the logic of applied research, and by deepening the empirical treatment on perceptions of the Vietnamese auditor's decision
Chouaf, Mohamed. "La prise de décision à objectifs multiples : une approche dynamique". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE003.
Texto completoThe analysis of static multi-objective decision making through the study of the decision and the decision making process undertaken in this thesis attempts to demonstrate the utility, for certain optimisation problems, of considering not a unique criterion but multiple objectives. This work thus leads to the presentation of multi-objective decision making in general and of multi-objective linear programming in particular, of which certain methods of resolution are described in order to solve static optimisation problems. However, a decision cannot be considered outside of its environment or of the context of decisions that preceeded and will follow. In order to comprehend this phenomenon of the interrelationship of decisions, a study of dynamic systems and optimal control problems was necessary to present the two principles of decomposition of a dynamic system into a suite of static problems. Thus, thanks to these principles, which are : the maximum principle (pontryagin), the optimisation principle (bellman), this study shows that in the linear case, an optimal control problem can be reduced to the resolution of a suite of linear problems. In addition, these problems furnish the necessary and suffisant condition of optimality. This results permits the classic optimal control problem, i. E. One having a unique criterion, to be extended to the multi-objective case and thus results in a new tool : linear optimal control with multiple objectives. To illustrate this new type of problems, we have presented a dynamic model based on the leontief input-output system and the french economy
Belaid, Fateh. "Traitement des incertitudes et prise de décision dans l'amont pétrolier". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0272.
Texto completoTwo important characteristics of petroleum exploration and production investment are the high financial amounts and uncertainties. For these reasons, the risk analysis should be implemented in the projects evaluation and the selection process. Depending on their available resources, petroleum companies choose a number of projects on the basis of som criteria : the net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index. However, these criteria appear to be insufficient if we consider, on the one hand, the absence of risk idea which is an essential element of the petroleum industry, on the other hand the omission of the correlations and interactions between different projects. In this paper, in order to make up for the lacks of the traditional approach, we apply a variant of Markowitzs method to determine the efficient portfolio exploration and production projects that insure the best compromise minimum risk-maximum return under the different constraints faced by the company. A practical application of this method about selection of petroleum exploration projects in the North Sea is presented. This practica case illustrates the influence of the crude price in the choice of the portfolio
Lee, Sahng Gyoun. "La prise de décision de la politique européenne en RFA". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010298.
Texto completoWith the change of the germany's political and economic status in the e. C. After her reunification, this research is concentrated on the analysis of the new european policy-making system in the frg, of the new domestic political system caused by the reunification, and of the relationship between the federation (bund) and the lander in the national european policy-making system. Especially, this thesis tries to explain the 2 key-questions : 1)the mecanisme of interaction between federal actors (chancellor, federal ministries, bundesbank, and bundestag) and regional actors (bundesrat and lander governments) and 2)the tripartite relationship of interdependance between the e. C. , the federal government, and the lander in the making of german european policy
Diago, Ndeye Arame. "Mécanismes de négociation multilatérale pour la prise de décision collective". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1174/document.
Texto completoCollective decision making is a process in which many participants with different interests interact in order to build a solution to their problem. It is inherent to many organisations and companies. Nowadays, the advances in Artificial Intelligence, notably, Multi-Agents Systems enabled the automation of decision-making processes in order to analyse and to better understand how these mechanisms work. A collective decision may be made by using a voting system or by using negotiation. In this thesis, we focus on multilateral negotiation for collective decision making by proposing negotiation models. The proposed models based on heuristic approach. The agents interact with them in order to build a solution to their problem. This context is different from models based on game theory where the set of possible solutions are supposed to be known by all agents. So heuristic negotiation issue is that agents' reasoning may be very complex. This complexity grows where the number of agents and issues to be negotiated are important. The goal of this research work consists of devising negotiation mechanisms where agents'interaction are fully decentralized. We focus on organisation aspect of the multi-agent system by using divide and conquer approach in order to reduce the negotiation complexity and hence to facilitate research of agreements. Our works tackle negotiation under different contexts which lead us to bring three contributions which focus on agents' organization, interaction protocols, negotiation object, concession strategies and effective and fair solution concept. The proposed mechanisms are implemented in JavaJade. We analyse the convergence of the negotiation, negotiation time and quality of the solution. Our models are compared with a centralized approach where all of the agents are gathered around one group to negotiate. Our empirical analyses show that our propositions allow the agents to reach collectives agreements
Couët, Nicolas. "L'impact d'une formation sur la prise de décision partagée destinée aux médecins sur l'intention des patients de s'engager dans un processus de prise de décision partagée : analyse secondaire d'un essai clinique randomisé par grappe". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24960.
Texto completoWe conducted a secondary analysis of the clustered randomized trial of DECISION+2, a shared decision making training program for family physicians, and assessed its impact on patients’ intention to engage in shared decision making for choosing whether or not to use antibiotics for treating an acute respiratory tract infection in a future consultation. A total of 359 patients contributed data to this secondary analysis. Overall, after adjusting for the clustered design of the trial, we saw no statistically significant difference in the change of score in intention between patients from the DECISION+2 group and those from the control group (proportional odds ratio=1.55; 95% confidence interval=0.81-2.96). Patient-directed interventions may be necessary to achieve such purpose.
Drucker-Godard, Carole. "La gestion au quotidien des priorités du dirigeant : une analyse de la dynamique du portefeuille de préoccupations décisionnelles". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090051.
Texto completoDemil, Benoît. "Les stratégies de pionnier et de suiveur : application à un processus réglementaire". Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100004.
Texto completoCongar, Ronan. "Incertitude forte et environnement : de nouveaux critères de décision". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL371.
Texto completoForgues, Bernard. "Processus de décision en situation de crise". Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090043.
Texto completoWe define a crisis as an event potentially provoking high damages, involving multiple stakeholders, and requiring immediate attention. Eleven case studies are made on various crises. The analyses used to study these cases are twofold. First, a qualitative analysis tracks the decision process. Second, a sequence method is used to retrieve the chronological order of activities. Those analyses lead to an avoidance model of crisis decision. This avoidance behavior is adopted by an individual or an organization not willing to make a too important decision. Several explanations lie behind this behavior : lack of information, high level of stress, lack of power. . . The limits, managerial implications and future researches are presented
Bustreo, Massimo. "Valutazioni e scelte imperfette di fronte al denaro : prospettive di scenari decisionali in esperti e profani oltre la Bounded Rationality therory". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0030.
Texto completoThis analysis addresses multilevel forces present in the assesment of choice factors from a qualitative point of view and highlights similarities and differences between experts and ordinary people in decision-making behavior, relating to economic choices and evaluating actions in everyday life. Systematic reviews of the literature, Conjoint Analysis and a questionnaire with items proposing a series of decision-making scenarios were conducted. The results show that decision-makers with different degrees of economic expertise, through similar mental processes, reach to different conclusions. The subjects are distinguished by the importance they attribute to the same factors of the decision-making scenario, by categorizing, prototypiically or restrictively, options and by operating different strategies for using information. What seems distinguish an expert from an ordinary decision-maker is different cognitive skills and emotive heuristics used in way to organize knowledge
Orséro, Huguette. "Le raisonnement contrefactuel dans l'explication quotidienne : ou le rôle de l'annulation mentale dans le jugement de responsabilité". Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100002.
Texto completoThe objective of this work is to observe the role of mental undoing process in the judgement of responsibility of a person who does not intend to cause an accident. The main idea is to see to what extent our ability to imagine that a person could have acted differently is going to affect our perception of the situation an our judgement. However, is the fact of checking that a person could have prevented an event from occuring sufficient in itself to consider this person responsable? five experiments have been carried out in order to answer this question. We have built up a scenario relating the accident of a young boy watched by his mother and we have used it for the whole of our experiments. We have asked the subjects to imagine what could have changed the child's fate (it the mental undoing task) and to assess the mother's responsibility. For each experiment, we have introduced more factors likely to influence the judgement of responsibility. In the first one, we have manipulated the severity of the consequences of the child's accident and the facility to mentally withdraw this accident. The role of the feature in keeping with the mother's decision or not and the control that she exercise over this decision have been the subjects of the second and the third researches. In the fourth study, we have taken interest in the influence of the child's disobedience on the judgement held upon his mother. To finish with, we have examined the effect of the direction of the child's accident mental undoing upon the evaluation of his mother's responsibility. The results have been analysed in accordance with the researches on mental udoing process and those on responsibility allocation and the link with the pattern of social judgeability has been proposed
Gonzalez, Christophe. "Utilités additives : existence et construction". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066740.
Texto completoFossion, Paul. "Simulation interactive des modèles d'entreprise". Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090031.
Texto completoDecision is a business game. The decision making take a very important place in this game. We can hold on the game and continue it later again. Additionally, it is an interactive game. The programs composing this game only concern the models of firms. The environment of firms is not taken as a mathematic model in order that the manager find again almost the same actual conjuncture. In contrast it is allowed to build artificial situations well fixed (critical and disastrous situations, for example) or a real past. The conception of the software game uses on one side, concepts such as representations, operations, memory and control and on the other side, system and function. Based on a micro-computer network the decision game allows to introduce easier the computer science in firms. It does not need an important investment. Otherwise, it can supply a didactic tool of management and also an interactive tool of simulation for the decision support
Bellalouna, Faouzi. "Un point de vue linéaire sur la programmation dynamique : détecteur de ruptures dans le cadre des problèmes de fiabilité". Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090030.
Texto completoFavier, Marc. "Rôle de l'utilisation de collecticiels dans la performance décisionnelle de groupe : un cas de situation : la réunion en un même lieu et au même moment". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE2A001.
Texto completoGrowing complexity because of increasing information exchange and multiplicity of actors needs to be deal with groups. The focus of this dissertation is on decision rooms containing networked computer worksations that enable groups to meet face-to-face, with electronic communication. These facilities comes from the technological evolution in the area of informations systems and telecommunications, in order to produce a convenient response to human groups needs, in terms of generating, sharing, and exchanging more information in a performant process. A laboratory experiment with group was conducted to help to test seven hypothesis from a conceptual model. Parallel communication, electronic group memory, decisonnal process structuration, anonymity, common visualisation. . . Of gdss improve quality, confidence, satisfaction. . . With process and outcome
Bizouarn, Philippe. "Décision médicale et rationalité : l'incertitude d'une action". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0217.
Texto completoMedical decision, as an act consisting of doing a choice among different alternatives, results from a judgment done by a medical doctor in face of a patient and cannot be reduced to a formal procedure between diagnosis and prescription. The aim of this study was first to analyse the different constraints linked to the medical decision-making: the patient, viewed as an intimate and social being, the medical doctor, trying to accord his knowledge with his know-how with intent to conciliate the particular with the universal, the society, which requires efficacy and justification of our acts. The notion of uncertainty was then explored through a critical analysis of the clinical trials with emphasis on construction and possibility of synthesis in order to know what could signify their systematic use as an instrument of evidence in a practical point of view. Finally, the medical rationality was questioned, by confronting the instrumental rationality characterized by the use of the best means for reaching a defined end, and a procedural rationality adopted in part by the Evidence-Based Medicine. Another rationality need to be constructed, where experimental data must be interpreted again practically. In this perspective, a passage must be supposed between theory as an explication of a constructed world and practice as a comprehension of what the patient expects from us
Maltais, Caroline. "Étude exploratoire du processus de prise de décision, à travers des facteurs qui l'influencent, chez les personnes ayant opté pour la transplantation cardiaque". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28865/28865.pdf.
Texto completoIn the contemporary society, the scientific discoveries and the arrival of the technologies brought an important increase of the possibilities of treatments. This complicated the decision-making for the patient in the choice of a treatment. The main objective of this study was to investigate the process of decision-making, through the factors which influence it, with cardiac insufficient persons having opted for a heart transplant. This study leans on the model of Joane Noone because it identifies contextual factors (environmental and personal) connected with this process. The methodology articulates around a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was made by means of semi-structured interviews. The study was realized with eight persons suffering from cardiac insufficiency and having opted for the transplantation. The results demonstrate that the condition of health is the main factor of the decision-making in a choice of the heart transplant. It can take two forms, that is a reduced quality of life (connected with the evolution of the disease) or a physical state favorable to the success of the surgery. We also note that the "choice" of the non-choice is an important element of the decision. Finally, the results of this study will contribute to a better knowledge of factors connected with the decision-making and will allow to support better the patients in their choices, so reflecting their preferences and their values.
Thomas, Catherine. "Déterminants et évolution de la hiérarchie au sein des organisations". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0056.
Texto completoRecent discussions concerning hiearchy's evolution and its importance, raise new questions and set even enigmas. The latter are perceived as main problems related to organizational hierarchy : its necessity, its efficiency, its function, its form and future. New conceptualization is necessary in order to overcome these problems. The objective of this conceptual and empirical research is to build a frame of analysis allowing the interpretation of hierarchy's evolution in studied organizations by focusing attention on structuring processes. The study of the significance of the hierarchy concept involved confronting different theoritical approaches : the system approach, sociological and and economic anbalysis. This multidimensional work led us to reverse the traditional interpretation of hierarchy by demontrating, on the one hand, that hierarchy is directly linked to autonomy and learning and, on the other hand, that intertwining of hierarchies reflects the very nature of the social object. This conceptual analysis, confronted with the empirical data, has lead to several conclusions contributing to our understanding of hierarchical relations in organizations. Firstly, hierarchy cannot be eliminated, whereas it is possible to modify its form. Secondly, it appears that hierarchical relations are based on two principal organizational dimensions : the decision making process and human ressources management. Finally, the formal figure of intertwined hierarchy, developed by l. Dumont, and defined as an "inclusion of the contrary containing its own inversion on a lower level", offers an original frame of analysis of multiple tensions animating organizations
Diev, Pavel. "Quatre essais sur la prise de décisions efficace". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24025.
Texto completoThe thesis is build up by four essays studying decision-making mechanisms for public decisions. The first essay analyses the issue of the optimal majority threshold in voting and shows that the unanimity is not an optimal rule except in the case where negotiations could be made without distortions. The second essay studies experimentally an auction mechanism for the provision of a discrete public good and provides evidence that individuals have incentives to overbid in order to finance the cost of the good. The third essay provides a theoritical analysis of a slightly modified auction mechanism than the one experimented previously. This essay shows that the optimal decision could be implemented in pure strategies equilibria. The forth essay studies a mechanism designed for binary decisions opposing two parties (opponents and partisans of the status quo) and shows that such a mechanism could provide a solution to the problem of "expropriating the minority" observed in voting
Benslimane, Adda. "Modélisation du risque et analyses de la décision". Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32031.
Texto completoOur work presents a critical analysis of the expected utility model, that constitutes the "stumbling block" of individual choice in the case of uncertain future. M. Allais (and others after him) shows the incapacity of the model to be adapted to different kinds of situations according to the structure of the preference and to the attitudes towards risk. But the choice of a satisfying decision can not be made without a reference to the key concepts of organization and information, which carry with them an improvement in the processing of uncertainty and consequently a rationalization of choice
Khouider, Smaïl. "Outils d'aide à la décision pour la prise de commandes imprévues". Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606849.
Texto completoAlarie, Y. "Trois études sur la prise de décision en incertitude en économie". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0032/NQ26629.pdf.
Texto completoGamelin, Alexandra. "La prise de décision dans le cadre d'une réanimation cardio-pulmonaire". Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20057.
Texto completoThe present study is interested in decision making within the framework of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The aim of the study is to propose a method allowing to elicit the personal judgment faced with a different outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, using the functional theory of cognition (Anderson, 1996). Four experiences present different hypothetical situations containing two main informations (the possible outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and their likelihoods). Three thousand fifteen french adults, men and women of age 20 - 60 years and over judge, on the linear scale, each situation presented, according to their preferences. Two types of analyses are performed : graphic analyse and statistic analyse. The results indicate a reliable, valid and complete method, measuring the utilities for the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and confirmed the existence of some outcomes as worst the death, for all participants and whoever they may be
Lovichi, Antoinette. "Approche psychanalytique de la prise de décision dans les Universités françaises". Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32025.
Texto completoAfter demostrating the progressive emergence of the concept of unconscious in the science of management, this thesis explains how psychoanalysis takes in this evolution. The phenomena of language and the intersubjective are discussed as unconscious parts of the decision-making process. Thus in the university community, decision-making is a collective process : signifiers are formulated and repeated as they circulate, echoing others signifiers and finally creating a meaningful utterance. It is this utterance that forms the base and the condition of the decision-making act. An hermeneutics of the decision-making emerges supported by the "four speeches" theory of Jacques Lacan and proposing a model of interpersonal relations and an interpretative method likely to clarify the decision-making in universities and others organizations