Tesis sobre el tema "Carbonates lacustres"
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Gibert-Brunet, Élisabeth. "Géochimie et paléohydrologie des bassins lacustres du Nord-Ouest saharien : programme Palhydaf, site 2". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112311.
Texto completoCarasco, Bruno. "Les Grabens stéphano-permiens de l'est de la France évolution tectonosédimentaire, développement des facies lacustres carbonates et sapropéliques /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376036102.
Texto completoDe, Wever Alexis. "Étude de la biominéralisation de carbonates intracellulaires et de silicates de magnésium hydratés dans des environnements lacustres alcalins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS480.pdf.
Texto completoStromatolites are laminated organo-sedimentary rocks composed of Ca and/or Mg carbonates but also Mg-silicates in some cases. The processes involved in their formation are still poorly understood. The main goal of this thesis was to better understand the geochemical and geomicrobiological processes that favor the formation or dissolution of carbonates and Mg-silicates in Mexican alkaline lacustrine environments. Two main axes have been developed. The first axis focused on the study of 52 cyanobacterial strains, some forming ACC intracellular, others not forming ACC. The strains were analyzed for their ability to incorporate Ca. The impact of alkaline earth elements on the growth of some of the strains was determined. In this study we have shown that ACC+ cyanobacterial strains incorporate more Ca than others and they store this Ca strongly in ACC and in polyP. In addition, we determined that ACC+ strains need more Ca for their growth and some of them are capable to substitute Ca by Sr and Ba for this purpose. We propose that ACC inclusions 1) can serve as ballasts, 2) can buffer intracellular pH and balance the formation of HCO3 conversion hydroxide to CO2 during carbon fixation and 3) available inorganic carbon storage for carbon dioxide. In addition, polyP could be involved in Ca storage. More broadly, ACC+ cyanobacteria have contributed to the dissolution of calcium carbonate and by extension stromatolites. The second axis focused on the study of Mg-silicate formation in sediments and mesocosms of 3 Mexican alkaline lakes but also in laboratory experiments. Mineralogical and chemical analyzes of magnesium silicates have been coupled with geochemical characterization of the solutions. The study of sediments showed the formation of an Al-low and an Al-rich stevensite-like phase and of ferrous or non-ferrous saponite-like. Several interpretations have been proposed regarding their formation: 1) dissolution of hydromagnesite and biogenic silica frustules, 2) it is inherited from the water column, 3) it is related to the alteration of feldspaths within sediments and 4) biomineralization in the water column. It has also been shown that a cyanobacterial strain was able to induce precipitation of magnesium silicates in an unbuffered medium. Mg-silicate formation in mesocosms from alkaline lakes is thought to be directly related to the mineralogical composition of microbialites, and possibly diatoms that allow Si to be introduced into the solution and locally into the biofilm and is biologically influenced by microbial community EPS
Djurdjevic-Colson, Jelena. "Decoupage sequentiel de depots fluvio-lacustres a paleosols carbonates. Interpretation climatique et hydrologique (danien, bassin d'aix-en-provence, france)". Paris, ENMP, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENMP0681.
Texto completoCarasco, Bruno. "Les grabens stéphano-permiens de l'est de la France : Evolution tectono-sédimentaire, développement des facies lacustres carbonates et sapropéliques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13079.
Texto completoOlivito, João Paulo Roncolatto. "Modelo deposicional dos reservatórios carbonáticos lacustres neocretácicos da Formação Coqueiros no norte da Bacia de Campos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/182027.
Texto completoRecent discoveries of giant hydrocarbon accumulations in coquinas and other lacustrine carbonate rocks of Rift and Post-Rift (pre-salt) supersequences of Campos and Santos Basins have stimulated a series of studies focused on understanding the genesis of these unique reservoirs. An integrated petrologic-sedimentologic-stratigraphic-seismic study of Coqueiros Formation allowed characterizing the depositional model and evolution of reworked bioclastic rocks and other associated rocks deposited on the external high in the north of Campos Basin during the transition between late rift and sag stages. Seven carbonatic facies were defined from analysis combining information from sidewall core and sedimentary structures interpreted in image logs, in addition to one siliciclastic, two magnesian, and three hybrids facies. Bioclastic rudstones and grainstones with moderate to high reworking of the shells represent 65% of the samples described. Several pieces of evidences point to a predominantly shallow lacustrine depositional environment, dominated by storm currents: (i) presence of rudstones with high-angle cross-bedding (>14°) and longshore paleocurrents; (ii) limited occurrence of muddy sediments interbedded with thick packages of amalgamated bioclastic rudstones, indicating environment subject to high energy currents, above the fairweather wave base (FWB); (iii) predominance of rudstones deposits devoid of matrix on the structural high, with great lateral continuity, consistent with processes of storms acting on large areas of shallow lake; (iv) deposits of massive rudstones, with disorganized shells, similar to the modern coastal bioclastic deposits of California and Shark Bay. Three sets of facies association are proposed: (i) high energy set, represented by bioclastic rudstones and grainstones devoid of matrix, deposited between the shoreface and berm regions, above the FWB; (ii) low energy set, formed by hybrid facies with muddy or peloidal matrix and other facies of grain-size finer than medium sand, deposited below the FWB or in protected shallow environments (backshore); (iii) and an alkaline set, formed mainly by magnesian clay ooids, whose control is given by the more alkaline composition of lake water. Block diagrams of each of the five seismic-stratigraphic units, established for the Coqueiros Formation in the study area allowed to infer the evolution of the facies associations over time, demonstrate the general falling of relative lake level culminating in the pre-Neo-Alagoas unconformity (DPA). Paleocurrents suggests the activity of more than one wind direction over the external high, the stronger coming from northwest and a milder one coming from southeast, resulting in clean matrix bioclastic facies with good reservoir potential on both flanks of the structural high. These proposed wind directions for the Eobarremian and Neoaptian in the north of Campos Basin is extremely important to predict the location of the best depositional facies of the Coqueiros Formation in other target areas for hydrocarbon exploration.
Almeida, de Carvalho Ancilla Maria. "Evolution of the Early Cretaceous, South-Atlantic pre-salt lacustrine systems : Insights from Stratigraphic Forward and Geochemical Modeling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS590.
Texto completoThe lacustrine carbonate rocks of the Barra Velha Formation (BVF), Santos Basin, present distinct composition and texture, with superimposed sedimentary and diagenetic heterogeneities, forming complex reservoirs. To better understand and predict lateral and vertical heterogeneities of the carbonate reservoirs of Santos Basin, we conduct a multidisciplinary approach, integrating sedimentological-diagenetic analyses, stratigraphic forward (process-based) modeling, and geochemical modeling. From a multiscale dataset of a field localized in the Outer High of the Santos Basin, we (1) characterized the spatial and stratigraphic distribution of the different facies and diagenetic phases and their main controlling factors, (2) evaluated the conceptual model proposed and provide the initial conditions for fluid-rock interaction model, using stratigraphic forward modeling (SFM) (3) investigated the ideal physicochemical conditions and basin fluid circulation patterns ruling the diagenetic alterations observed in the study area. The data analysis performed in this study highlights the spatial and temporal distribution of different types of Mg-clay, the main diagenetic products, and their association with different facies. The stratigraphic variations in Mg-clay distribution indicate an influence of the lake water chemistry. Furthermore, the Mg-clay alteration pattern and its diagenetic features suggest a strong control of the structural setting. The spatial and stratigraphic distribution of sedimentological and diagenetic heterogeneities indicate that the lake water’s first-order hydrochemical evolution drove the major depositional and diagenetic aspects, modulated by local factors, which enhanced the diagenetic imprint. Three main characteristics mark the lake water hydrochemical variation: an initial stage associated with a higher input of detrital content, an intermediary phase marked by higher evaporative conditions, and a final stage characterized by fluctuations of the evaporative conditions with a lower detrital contribution. In the second part of the study, we propose a stratigraphic forward model based on the depositional conceptual model and the evaluation of large-scale constraints, like subsidence and lake-level variations. The model also addresses the lake-level variations relying on the hydrologic water balance between precipitation and evaporation rate and provides insights into the evolution of hydrological zones. Through the process-based model, we propose a lateral and vertical grid of facies used to parametrize the reactive transport modeling. In the third part of the study, a series of geochemical calculations were used to estimate the diagenetic potential of different solute sources and the main paleoenvironmental controls on diagenetic modifications. The calculations show that the pH fluctuation is the main factor impacting the Mg-clay preservation, followed by the diagenetic fluids' Mg/Ca and Mg/Si ratios, and emphasize the role of pCO2 in the diagenetic alteration. In addition, the models point out the ability of different Mg-clay types to generate distinctive amounts of diagenetic products. Finally, we explore diagenetic scenarios on the BVF sag phase through reactive transport modeling, focusing on the dolomitization, silicification, and dissolution processes and addressing the impact of regional versus local fluid circulation on diagenetic alteration. The initial facies heterogeneities, intrinsically related to the depositional characteristics, have a crucial role in the evolution of the diagenetic process. The results also highlight the preferential pathways of fluid circulation and diagenetic alteration associated with Mg-clay-rich layers and facies with higher permeability alternation. The multidisciplinary approach provides a spatial view of the interplay between rock properties and possible fluid circulation patterns in the basin
Roche, Adeline. "Dépôts carbonatés microbiens en domaine lacustre et fluviatile : fabriques et facteurs de contrôle". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK032.
Texto completoThe non-marine carbonates related to microbial activity display a large range of morphologies and compositions and accumulate in various settings (freshwater, alkaline, and saline lakes, fluvial environments, thermal and freshwater springs, …). The variety of non-marine microbial carbonates and their particularity led to propose numerous and complex terminologies and classifications, making their use complicated and restrictive for the interpretation of depositional settings. Mineralization of these carbonates results from the interaction between biotic factors (intrinsic) and environmental factors (extrinsic and external) at multi-scales. The first aim of this work was to characterize morphologies and compositions of microbial carbonates, through a detailed analysis of these deposits at macro-, meso- and microscales. The second aim was to identify the controlling factors acting on the development and preservation of microbial carbonates. To develop these topics, three examples have been studied: two ancient lacustrine systems: the microbial-metazoan buildups from the Limagne Basin (France), the Pleistocene microbial deposits from the dry Winnemucca Lake (Nevada, USA) and one modern fluvial system: the microbial-tufa of the Mérantaise Valley (France). From these examples, a new classification of the fabrics of microbial deposits ranging from macro to micro-scale has been proposed. Based on descriptive criteria, this classification is helpful for the characterization of microbial deposits and improves the discussion about depositional settings. The study of the mineralized deposits of the Mérantaise Valley and results from microbial culture experiments in the laboratory extracted from the same environment showed the implication of microorganisms in mineralization. The microfabrics from Limagne and Winnemucca Basin reveal a likely biotic origin of these carbonates even if doubt remains on the direct biotic origin in the fossil record. Several environmental factors control the distribution, morphologies, development, and preservation of microbial deposits in the three studied settings: climate and variation of accommodation influence the geometries (at the million- or thousand-years scale) and the microfabrics (seasonal scale), the geodynamic context (tectonics and volcanism) controls the geometry and the distribution of microbial deposits at the basin-scale and faults form drains for fluids circulation. Physico-chemical parameters of waters appear to be a major factor for the mineralization of microbial carbonates. They result from changes in the ion balance depending on surface and sub-surface inputs in these different systems. Finally, the presence of hard and stable substrates improves the mineralization and preservation of microbial deposits and impact their morphologies. To better understand the origin and diversity of non-marine microbial carbonates, a multi-scale approach is crucial to discuss the influence of controlling factors
Djurdjevic-Colson, Jelena. "Découpage séquentiel de dépôts fluvio-lacustres à paléosols carbonatés : interprétation climatique et hydrologique : Danien, bassin d'Aix-en-Provence, France /". [Fontainebleau] : École des mines de Paris, Centre de géotechnique et exploitation du sous-sol, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358305593.
Texto completoPace, Aurélie. "Structures et processus de minéralisation et de diagenèse des tapis microbiens actuels en domaines hypersalins continental et marin". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30037.
Texto completoMicrobialites are benthic organosedimentary deposits resulting of the mineralization and lithification of the microbial mats, and the most ancient forms, developing there are 3.4 Ga, are the first earthly ecosystem. They form a unique sedimentary archive including key periods of the geological history. This study proposes to analyze and compare the processes and the products of mineralization in the modern microbial mats of two different environments: an example of intracontinental modern lake, the Great Salt Lake (USA; GSL); a lagoonal marine sea fed in Cayo Coco (Cuba; CCLN). The mineral product during of the primary diagenesis, as that them potential of biosignatures recording will be particularly detailed. This work will focus on the influence of three major factors controlling the mineralogy and the fabric of the microbialites: (i) environment chemistry role, (ii) microbial metabolisms role, (iii) role of the production and degradation of the extracellular organic matrix (EOM). Both environments studied show a high role of the EOM production by cyanobacteria and them degradation by the heterotrophic bacteria in the mineralization: (1) In both systems, the first phase to precipitate on the alveolar EOM is a rich magnesium and silica phase. This type of mineral needs pH around 8.6/8.7 to precipitate. (2) An other common observation is that carbonate precipitate generally in the high sulfate-reducing activity zones. Our hypothesis is that the sulfato-reducing bacteria (SRB) degrade the EOM, releasing cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) available for carbonate crystallization. The limit between the oxic and anoxic zones is characterized by maximum pH coinciding with the precipitation of carbonate lamina. Two mains differences have been observed between the paragenesis both systems: (1) initial locus of the carbonate precipitation. In the GSL, the aragonite precipitates in the bacteria and then permineralizes the wall of bacteria and then the EOM network. In Cuba, the peloidal magnesian calcite precipitates on the EOM then fill the bacteria; (2) the mineralogy and the evolution of the carbonate during the preliminary diagenesis. The microbialithes of GSL show the aragonite partly dissolved and a dolomite developing next to the aragonite. In the CCLN, aragonite developing around the magnesian calcite peloids. The mineralogical carbonate differences between both systems could explain by a change of the Mg/Ca. The results could be used to better understand and interpret the paleoenvironmental conditions and the microbial processes stake in ancient microbialite analogs
Wattinne, Aurélia. "Évolution d'un environnement carbonate lacustre à bioconstructions, en limagne bourbonnaise (Oligo-Miocène, Massif Central, France)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0023.
Texto completoClimate and tectonic factors are the main ones that control the lacustrine sedimentation. Climatic variations are marked in the sedimentation by different vegetal and fauna associations, and different lithologies. Tectonic variations control the structuration of the basin, and influence the stromatolites repartition. The marls and limestones display deposition cycles, due to periodic climatic changes, like alternations of more or less humid periods. Associated stromatolites present various shapes, made of vegetal and fauna associations, and depending on their growth environment. The detail of their internal structure reveals the recording of chemical variations of the water, happening during the climatic changes. The calculations made on their speed of growth indicate that this one is fast and discontinuous. Stromatolites associations in the lacustrine environment can form plurimetrical built complexes, which record the evolution of the subsidence through time
Guimarães, Saulo Pedrinha [UNESP]. "Análise estratigráfica em depósitos lacustres maastrichtianos da Formação Yacoraite (Bacia de Salta - Argentina): definição e rastreabilidade de sequências de alta resolução". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131873.
Texto completoPrograma Tecnológico para o Desenvolvimento dos Reservatórios do Pré-Sal (PROSAL)
As grandes descobertas de petróleo ocorridas nos últimos anos na província do Pré-Sal brasileiro levaram a necessidade de estudos em afloramentos análogos às rochas reservatório presentes na referida província. Neste âmbito, a Bacia de Salta com a Formação Yacoraite tem papel de alto destaque, pois apresentam diversas características semelhantes aos depósitos sedimentares do Pré-Sal. Localizada no noroeste argentino, a Bacia de Salta evoluiu a partir de um contexto tectônico de um rifte intracontinental durante o Cretáceo e início do Paleógeno, formando sub-bacias que foram preenchidas pelos sedimentos dos Sub-grupos Pirgua (sin-rifte), Balbuena e Santa Bárbara (ambos fase sag). De forma particular, o desenvolvimento do sag na Sub-bacia de Metán-Alemania durante o Maastrichtiano (Formação Yacoraite) permitiu a deposição de rochas carbonáticas em um ambiente dominantemente lacustre, onde fatores climáticos - associados aos ciclos de Milankovitch - desempenharam forte influência. As fácies carbonáticas presentes no intervalo estudado são constituídas principalmente por estromatólitos e grainstones a packstones oolíticos, que estão relacionados a períodos de clima seco em que a progressiva diminuição da lamina d'água do lago ocorreu de maneira expressiva. Com a aplicação das técnicas da estratigrafia de alta resolução, as sequências elementares individualizadas foram hierarquizadas em sequências de média e baixa frequência e correlacionadas ao longo de dezenas de quilômetros na bacia. Assim, a estratigrafia de alta resolução aplicada em sucessões carbonáticas lacustres permitiu uma melhor compreensão da evolução de seus depósitos e torna-se uma ferramenta importante de previsibilidade faciológica. Trata-se, portanto, de uma metodologia com aplicabilidade na indústria do petróleo, em que rochas de mesma natureza constituem reservatórios produtores
The large oil discoveries of the past few years in the Brazilian pre-salt province led to necessity of studies in outcrops analogous to reservoir rocks present in that province. In this context, the Salta Basin and Yacoraite formation have a remarkable importance because of the several characteristics similar to the pre-salt sedimentary deposits. Located in northwestern Argentina, the Salta Basin evolved from an intracontinental tectonic rift context during the Cretaceous and early Paleogene, forming sub-basins that were filled by sediments of Pirgua (syn-rift), Balbuena and Santa Bárbara (both sag phase) Sub-groups. In particular, the sag development in Metán-Alemania Sub-basin during the Maastrichtian (Yacoraite Formation) allowed the deposition of carbonate rocks in a typical lake environment, where climatic factors - associated with Milankovitch cycles - played strong influence. The carbonate facies present in the studied area consist mainly of stromatolites and oolitic grainstones to packstones, which are related to periods of dry weather where the progressive decrease of lake water depth was expressive. By applying highresolution stratigraphy techniques, elementary sequences individualized were ranked into medium and low frequency sequences and correlated over tens of kilometers in the basin. Thus, high-resolution stratigraphy applied to lacustrine carbonate successions allowed a better understanding of their depositional evolution and becomes an important tool for predictability and facies mapping. It is, therefore, a methodology with applicability in the oil industry, where rocks of the same nature are reservoirs
Guimarães, Saulo Pedrinha. "Análise estratigráfica em depósitos lacustres maastrichtianos da Formação Yacoraite (Bacia de Salta - Argentina) : definição e rastreabilidade de sequências de alta resolução /". Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131873.
Texto completoCoorientador: Guilherme Pederneiras Raja Gabaglia
Banca: Mario Luis Assine
Banca: Claiton Marlon dos Santos Scherer
Resumo: As grandes descobertas de petróleo ocorridas nos últimos anos na província do "Pré-Sal" brasileiro levaram a necessidade de estudos em afloramentos análogos às rochas reservatório presentes na referida província. Neste âmbito, a Bacia de Salta com a Formação Yacoraite tem papel de alto destaque, pois apresentam diversas características semelhantes aos depósitos sedimentares do "Pré-Sal". Localizada no noroeste argentino, a Bacia de Salta evoluiu a partir de um contexto tectônico de um rifte intracontinental durante o Cretáceo e início do Paleógeno, formando sub-bacias que foram preenchidas pelos sedimentos dos Sub-grupos Pirgua (sin-rifte), Balbuena e Santa Bárbara (ambos fase sag). De forma particular, o desenvolvimento do sag na Sub-bacia de Metán-Alemania durante o Maastrichtiano (Formação Yacoraite) permitiu a deposição de rochas carbonáticas em um ambiente dominantemente lacustre, onde fatores climáticos - associados aos ciclos de Milankovitch - desempenharam forte influência. As fácies carbonáticas presentes no intervalo estudado são constituídas principalmente por estromatólitos e grainstones a packstones oolíticos, que estão relacionados a períodos de clima seco em que a progressiva diminuição da lamina d'água do lago ocorreu de maneira expressiva. Com a aplicação das técnicas da estratigrafia de alta resolução, as sequências elementares individualizadas foram hierarquizadas em sequências de média e baixa frequência e correlacionadas ao longo de dezenas de quilômetros na bacia. Assim, a estratigrafia de alta resolução aplicada em sucessões carbonáticas lacustres permitiu uma melhor compreensão da evolução de seus depósitos e torna-se uma ferramenta importante de previsibilidade faciológica. Trata-se, portanto, de uma metodologia com aplicabilidade na indústria do petróleo, em que rochas de mesma natureza constituem reservatórios produtores
Abstract: The large oil discoveries of the past few years in the Brazilian "pre-salt" province led to necessity of studies in outcrops analogous to reservoir rocks present in that province. In this context, the Salta Basin and Yacoraite formation have a remarkable importance because of the several characteristics similar to the "pre-salt" sedimentary deposits. Located in northwestern Argentina, the Salta Basin evolved from an intracontinental tectonic rift context during the Cretaceous and early Paleogene, forming sub-basins that were filled by sediments of Pirgua (syn-rift), Balbuena and Santa Bárbara (both sag phase) Sub-groups. In particular, the sag development in Metán-Alemania Sub-basin during the Maastrichtian (Yacoraite Formation) allowed the deposition of carbonate rocks in a typical lake environment, where climatic factors - associated with Milankovitch cycles - played strong influence. The carbonate facies present in the studied area consist mainly of stromatolites and oolitic grainstones to packstones, which are related to periods of dry weather where the progressive decrease of lake water depth was expressive. By applying highresolution stratigraphy techniques, elementary sequences individualized were ranked into medium and low frequency sequences and correlated over tens of kilometers in the basin. Thus, high-resolution stratigraphy applied to lacustrine carbonate successions allowed a better understanding of their depositional evolution and becomes an important tool for predictability and facies mapping. It is, therefore, a methodology with applicability in the oil industry, where rocks of the same nature are reservoirs
Mestre
Montano, Damaris. "Carbonate U-Pb dating via LA-ICPMS : insights into chronostratigraphy in lacustrine settings". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS545.
Texto completoLacustrine deposits are extensively investigated because they play a pivotal role as environmental recorders and host valuable economic resources. However, chronostratigraphic reconstructions in these settings are usually hampered by the scarcity of data required to establish the depositional age of the system. The prime objective of this PhD project was examining benefits and limitations of carbonate U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) dating (LAcarb) as new chronostratigraphic tool for lacustrine deposits. The second objective was to investigate the dating potential, in terms of dating success and time resolution, of various carbonate types and mineralogies with the aim to better organize future LAcarb based research. To achieve these goals, depositional (microbialites, ooids, oncoids) and early diagenetic carbonate phases of known absolute age were collected from two lacustrine settings: the Ries Crater basin (Miocene, SW Germany) and the Yacoraite formation (Fm.) from the Salta rift basin (Cretaceous-Paleogene, NW Argentina). A sedimentologic and diagenetic study based on petrography and Oxygen (O) and Carbon (C) stable isotope analysis allowed to select carbonate phases that most possibly preserved the pristine U-Pb geochemical composition and consequently inform on the timing of deposition. In the Ries Crater basin, LAcarb provided accurate ages that allowed chronostratigraphic correlations at a time resolution of the 3rd order stratigraphic sequence (0.5–5Ma). In the framework of the Yacoraite Fm., two depositional age depth model were obtained along a stratigraphic section. One derived from zircon (ash layer) geochronology (maximum depositional age depth model; MDA depth model) and the other from LAcarb (minimum depositional age depth model; MIDA depth model). The two models remarkably overlap and describe the same sedimentation rate dynamic with a time resolution between 0.9 and 2% (2σ). The revised depositional age of the Yacoraite Fm. was then integrated in a chronostratigraphic model merging biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy data from literature. Accordingly, the KPg limit was interpreted to be located in the Yacoraite Fm. whereas the two Paleocene-Eocene hyperthermals (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, PETM; early Eocene Climate Optimum, EECO) were identified in the two overlying formations. A statistical analysis was achieved based on the ages of 80 carbonate phases from the Yacoraite Fm. Microbialites provided the lowest dating success (41% ages consistent with the MDA depth model) and age precision (2σ < 10%) in contrast with lacustrine cements that yielded the highest dating success (64% ages consistent with MDA depth model) and age precision (2σ < 3%). Furthermore, calcitic phases usually provided more precise ages than dolomitic phases. The better comprehension of potentialities and limitations of LAcarb acquired in this PhD allowed to propose a workflow to build a robust depositional age depth model in lacustrine settings. Three possible perspective scenarios were introduced: 1) the study of the Ries Crater basin as analogue of paleolakes on Mars; 2) the use of LAcarb to select pristine carbonates for chronostratigraphic studies; and 3) basin scale chronostratigraphic correlations in the Yacoraite Fm
Leite, da Silva Agnelo. "Estratigrafia física e deformação do sistema lacustre carbonático (aptiano-albiano) da bacia do araripe em afloramentos selecionados". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6445.
Texto completoEsta dissertação objetivou estudar a estratigrafia física dos depósitos carbonáticos aflorantes na Bacia do Araripe, para auxiliar na predição da qualidade de reservatórios análogos em subsuperfície. Os seguintes métodos foram aplicados: trabalhos de campo na área para seleção dos afloramentos, e consecutivas descrições estratigráficas e sedimentológicas, obtenção de fotografias, coleta de amostras, identificação e medição de estruturas deformacionais (falhas e fraturas), aquisição de dados de GPR. Trabalhos de laboratório para correlação estratigráfica, petrografia e processamento das informações. A Formação Crato apresenta fácies típicas de lagos com margens do tipo rampa de baixa energia, depositadas num trato de sistema lacustre transgressivo. As unidades carbonáticas representam ciclos de ordem de tempo menor. Três eventos deformacionais a afetaram. O primeiro (D1) de caráter distensivo gerou microfalhas normais (ENE e NW), loop beddings e slumps, resultantes de pequenos pulsos sísmicos. Estas microestruturas são observadas em alguns níveis pouco espessos dentro das unidades carbonáticas. O segundo evento (D2) de caráter compressivo gerou falhas reversas, mergulhando para SW e NE, que cortam toda a unidade carbonática C6, e representa uma inversão tectônica na bacia, que resultou num forte rebaixamento do nível do lago e provavelmente na deposição dos evaporitos da Formação Ipubi. O último evento (D3) é de caráter distensivo e reativou as falhas geradas em D2 como falhas normais. Ocorrem também fraturas, fechadas ou abertas, algumas delas preenchidas por calcita. Os dados de GPR obtiveram uma qualidade muito boa. A ausência de estruturas rúpteis não permitiu seu reconhecimento na linha adquirida. Acredita-se que estas poderão ser reconhecidas com facilidade em afloramentos onde sejam reconhecidas com mais frequência.
Correa, Carolina Rodrigues de Araujo. "Controles estratigráficos e predição da paragênese diagenética dos carbonatos lacustres da formação coqueiros nos campos de badejo, trilha, linguado e pampo - aptiano da bacia de Campos (RJ)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-27032017-110406/.
Texto completoThe bivalve coquina from Lagoa Feia Group (Eoaptian), occurs in southwestern part of Campos Basin and consists petroleum reservoirs. 1030 meters of core and 368 thin sections were described to define the stratigraphic controls of the diagenetic events and then create a diagenetic paragenesis predictive method. Firstly, 34 sedimentary facies were defined and then grouped in seven facies associations. These associations have the same genetically depositional process relationship and they were used to define the depositional paleosystem. Seven eodiagenetic products were observed in the informally called Lower Coquina section and four from these products cause an important primary rock permeability and porosity alteration: block calcite cementation, microcrystaline silica (quartz) cementation, chalcedony cementation and dissolution. There is a strong control of the diagentic(s) product(s) type(s) and the base level variation. Microcrystaline silica occurs when the base level is high and the conditions are under lacustrine phreatic environment. Under these conditions, the lake has a Si enrichment due to run off great rates but still diluted, because the huge volume of water. This situation favors the precipitation of quartz instead of chalcedony. When the lake level falls, Si concentration rises, and chalcedony becomes the main cement phase. At this time, the conditions are mostly under mixing zone. When the lake falls again, meteoric environment becomes predominant. At the meteoric phreatic environment blocky calcite occurs as cement and at the meteoric vadose zone environment dissolution is the main process. When the lake level raises again, the conditions favor the precipitation of chalcedony and, in the next level, (higher base level than previous) the conditions are good to microcrystaline silica precipitation. At this moment, a new diagenetic cycle is started. The correlation between depositional paleobathymetry of sedimentary facies association and the lake level required for different types of diagenetic paragenesis led to the creation of a curve called \"relative velocity of base level variation\". This curve may also be calculated synthetically from sedimentary facies, gamma ray and velocity logs. With this synthetic curve it was possible to do a \"reverse path\" procedure and generated a diagenetic paragenesis predictive method. The coquina reservoir has a high level of heterogeneity due to stratigraphic cyclicality and due to eodiagenetic transformations. The understanding of diagenetic controls led to a diagenetic predictive method creation on 1D (well) and 3D (geocell grid). This knowledge can be used for the characterization and management of others carbonates associated oil fields.
Lettéron, Alexandre. "Caractérisation sédimentologique, stratigraphique et paléoenvironnementale du système carbonaté lacustre à salinité variable du bassin d'Alès et des régions limitrophes (Priabonien, SE France) : implications paléoclimatiques et paléogéographiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0084.
Texto completoLacustrine carbonate systems are of great interest to record the paleogeographic and paleoclimatic changes. This manuscript provides a multi-disciplinary (sedimentology, ecology, stratigraphy, paleontology, geochemistry and paleomagnetism) and a multi-scale (from µm to km) analysis dedicated to the Alès Basin and the neighboring areas during the Priabonian (–38 to –33.5Ma). Such joint approach has already allowed us to bring new elements regarding the paleoecological, paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic interpretations. New sedimentological ideas and stratigraphic concepts emerge and could be transposed to such saline lacustrine systems as analogues. Finally, the well-defined chronostratigraphic framework can be used to decipher the climatic deterioration recording prior to the Terminal Eocene Event at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (the most profound climatic change of the past 50 million years
Dubar, Christine. "Éléments de paléohydrologie de l'Afrique Saharienne : les dépôts quaternaires d'origine aquatique du Nord-Est de l'Aïr (Niger, PALHYDAF site 3)". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112405.
Texto completoIntegrated in the context of the PALHYDAF program (PALaeoHYDogy of AFrica), the study of lake deposits lie in closed depressions along the northeastern margin of the Aïr mountains aims to a precise reconstitution of the Pleistocène and Holocene environments, for a better understanding of climatic oscillations in the Saharo-Sahelian border zone. The basic material for this research work consists of sediment samples collected by auger drilling or at natural outcrops ln four endoreic basins (17-2l°N, 8-ll°E), with different kinds of water supply (groundwater, surface water). A multidisciplinary study (sedimentology, geochemistry, isotopic geochemisty, palaeobiology) of the collected samples has provided detailed information about the palaeoenvironment such as, for example, variations in the rate of evaporation and their influence on the water salinity. In some favorable cases it's possible to reconstruct the fluctuation curve of Holocene lake levels. A comparison of the results from different sites shows that the Holocene period comprises a major humid phase which starts about 10000-9500 years BP and reaches a maximum 8000 years BP. This phase seems to end around 7500 years BP. In some of the basins another humid phase is observed approximately 5000 years BP. Concerning the Pleistocene period there is probably excess of water from 13- 12000 years BP, at least in the basins supplied by surface run-off (Adrar Bous). As regards more ancient conditions,analysis have shown that the calcite was diagenetic. Consequently, carbonate 14C ages (20-35000 years BP) reflect fluctuations ln the groudwater level and not the original age of the deposit. This conclusion is of great importance as it questions former age of the Upper Pleistocene period,"the humid phase 25-35000 years BP earlier recognized in the Sahellan zone, and the resulting palaeoclimatic scenarios. Several datations by Th/U suggest that the original age of the fluvio-lacustrine episode is dated around 90000 years
Leroux, Aurélie. "Caractérisation et évolution des flux détritiques et authigènes en contexte lacustre carbonaté au cours du Tardiglaciaire et de l'Holocène (Lac Saint-Point, Haute-Chaîne du Jura) : implications paléoclimatiques et paléoenvironnementales". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630131.
Texto completoCabrera, Ortega Miquel. "Estudi dels marcadors de conques altament reductores". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6990.
Texto completoLa conca d'Orce és d'origen lacustre i de tipus endorreica, data del Plio-Plistocè (1-5 milions d'anys) i es localitza al nord de la província de Granada. El seu interès rau en el descobriment d'importants jaciments paleontològics amb restes antropogèniques.
La conca de Ribesalbes també és lacustre i endorreica, pertany al Miocè mitjà (Serraval·là, de 12 a 13 milions d'anys) i es situa a l'oest de la província de Castelló. A principis d'aquest segle s'hi van explotar les pissarres bituminoses mitjançant tècniques de piròlisi.
La conca de Mequinensa igualment és d'origen lacustre i de caràcter endorreica, pertany a l'Oligocè superior (Catià, al voltant dels 30 milions d'anys) i es localitza al sud del Sistema dels Monegros, a la província de Lleida. La importància d'aquesta conca es deu a l'explotació de lignits molt rics en sofre.
La conca d'Organyà és d'origen marí i data del Cretaci inferior (més de 100 milions d'anys). Es situa a la província de Lleida, a la comarca de l'Alt Urgell. Els materials que formen aquesta conca constitueixen una roca mare de petroli.
Els objectius d'aquest treball són:
1. L'anàlisi dels biomarcadors per a la determinació de l'origen de les aportacions de la matèria orgànica que reberen les conques estudiades, caracteritzant-ne les contribucions més significatives.
2. La descripció de les condicions paleoambientals que donaren lloc a aquests dipòsits sedimentaris.
3. L'avaluació de la maduresa de la matèria orgànica.
La tesi comença amb una introducció on es descriu la singularitat de cada conca, es continua amb les descripcions geològiques i petrogràfiques, tot localitzant les mostres estudiades a la columna estratigràfica. Després, es mostra l'anàlisi elemental de la matèria orgànica, per prosseguir amb la descripció dels biomarcadors apolars i polars: en primer lloc es descriuen els compostos acíclics, lineals i ramificats, tot començant pels compostos hidrocarbonats, després els oxigenats i finalment els sofrats; en segon lloc, els biomarcadors cíclics, començant pels diterpenoides i continuant amb els triterpenoides, amb especial rellevància dels esteroides i els hopanoides, i finalment, els oleanoides, ursanoides i lupanoides. Cal destacar la identificació de més d'una vintena de nous biomarcadors identificats per primera vegada en aquesta tesi. La descripció de les conques finalitza amb les conclusions sobre els aports de la matèria orgànica, l'ambient deposicional i la maduresa.
The aim of this thesis is the study and characterization of the soluble organic matter in sulphur rich geological basins. The previous studies carried out on reducing sedimentary basins show the significant presence of organic geochemical biomarkers with sulphur, which are very relevant for the description of the paleo-environment conditions of the sedimentation, since they reflect the presence of biological compounds very well preserved.
For this study four sedimentary basins of Spain have been selected due to their anoxicity and also for having suffered an important sulphate-reduction process. The selected basins are: Orce, Ribesalbes, Mequinensa and Organyà.
The basin of Orce is of lacustrine origin, it belongs to the Plio-Pleistocene period (1 to 5 million years) and it is located to the north of the province of Granada. Its interest comes from the fact that there are important palaeontology deposits with anthropogenic rests.
The basin of Ribesalbes also is also of type lacustrine and belongs to the Miocene period (Serravalià, 12 to 13 million years). It is located to the west of the province of Castellon. At the beginning of XX century the bituminises shales were extracted in order to obtain oil with techniques of pyrolisis.
The basin of Mequinensa is also of lacustrine origin and belongs to the upper Oligocene period (Catià from around 30 million years) and is located to the south System of the Monegros, in the province of Lleida. The importance of this basin is due to the high sulphur content of the lignite that is formed in this place.
The basin of Organyà is of marine origin and dates from the lower Cretaceous (more than 100 million years). It is located in the province of Lleida, in the region of the Alt Urgell. The materials that form this basin constitute a oil source rock.
The items of this work are:
1. The analysis of biomarkers for the determination of the origin of the contribution of the matter organic.
2. The description of the paleoenvironmetal conditions that gave rise to these sedimentations deposits.
3. The evaluation of the maturity of the organic matter.
The thesis is divided into nine chapters: The study begins with a general geological description to go on with the analysis of the paleoconditions of the environmental deposition that favour the preservation of the organic matter. Subsequently, after that, there is an accurate geochemical description of each basin. The results of this work show that the Orce basin is characterized by type I querogen and, the Ribesalbes basin is of type I-S kerogen, the Organyà basin is of type II-S and the Mequinensa basin is of type III-S querogen. The study ends with the conclusions on the contributions of the organic matter, the depositional environment and the maturity. In the case of the Organyà basin only non polar fractions have been studied, due to the little presence of polar compounds, attributed to the high maturity of the organic matter. Finally, there is also a compilation of biomarkers identified for the first time in this thesis, indicating in its case if their biological precursors.
Mathias, Frank Furlong Jr. "A Plio-Pleistocene Record of Lacustrine Ostracodes from Butte Valley, California: Faunal Responses to Tectonic and Climatic Change". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1404725598.
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