Tesis sobre el tema "Carbène N-hétérocycliques"
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Brousses, Rémy. "Études structurales de carbènes de Fischer et de complexes carbéniques N-hétérocycliques par diffraction des rayons X à haute résolution". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2256/.
Texto completoHigh resolution X-ray diffraction analyses enable the experimental determination of the charge density distribution within compounds. In this context, we have investigated the structure of Fischer carbenes and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) complexes of the first-row transition metals series, Mn(I) and Fe(II). At first, on the basis of the high-resolution structural analysis of the MeCp(CO)2Mn=C(Me)OEt complex, we will show that non-covalent interactions between the ethoxy substituent of the carbene ligand and the carbonyl ligands are responsible of the conformation of the Mn(I) piano-stool alkylalkoxy carbene complexes. Analysis of the Cp(CO)2Mn=C(Ph)OC6H2Cl3-2,4,6 complex revealed the existence of a non-covalent interaction between the aryl substituent and the proximal carbonyl group. We will show that, beyond its incidence on the conformation of the complexes, this type of interaction also induces a red-shift of the IR ?CO frequencies of the carbonyl ligand and as a consequence, modifies their response relative the electron-donicity of the ancillary ligands. Then, we were prompted to extend these studies to Mn(I) and Fe(II) NHC piano-stool complexes of the type Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) and Cp(CO)2Fe(NHC). We will show that a non-covalent interaction between the aryl substituent of the NHC ligand and the proximal carbonyl group also occurs in this type of complexes. In the last part, we will focus on the synthesis and the structural characterization of Mn(II) NHC complexes resulting from the one-electron oxidation of the Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) complexes cited above. These radical complexes appeared to be stable and one of them could be analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction
Gojon, Sophie. "Carbènes N-hétérocycliques : nouvelle méthode de synthèse et activité catalytique pour la réticulation de silicone". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30321.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to study the synthesis of N-heterocyclic (NHCs) and their catalytic activity toward silicone elastomer formation
Forcher, Gwénaël. "Vers la synthèse de carbènes N-hétérocycliques chiraux". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019677.
Texto completoWolf, Joffrey. "Préparation de précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques bidentes, étude de leur complexation et catalyse". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168421.
Texto completostabilité et très actif en comparaison à d'autres ligands.
Les récents travaux sur la synthèse de ligands bidentes comportant un NHC et un groupement azoté coordonnant, puis de complexes de palladium, rhodium et iridium très actifs en catalyse, nous ont orientés vers la préparation de ligands analogues avec des hétéroatomes différents.
Dans cette thématique nouvellement développée au sein de notre équipe, nous avons mis au point deux méthodes de synthèse originales donnant accès à de nouveaux précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques, composés d'un groupement imidazolium et d'un second groupement
coordonnant qui sera soit une phosphine, soit un thioéther.
L'étude de ces ligands a permis de développer une chimie de coordination riche avec Ni, Pd, Rh, Ru et Ir. Ainsi, quatre modes de coordination ont été mis en évidence : soit une monocoordination de l'hétéroatome ou du NHC, soit une double coordination de l'hétéroatome et du carbène Nhétérocylique selon des modes dit « normal » ou « anormal ». Nos études ont montré que le mode de coordination adopté par les ligands dépendait des conditions expérimentales, de la réactivité du métal et de son affinité pour l'hétéroatome.
L'obtention de tels complexes a permis d'effectuer quelques tests préliminaires en hydrosilylation et hydrogénation avec le rhodium(I). Une étude approfondie de la réaction de couplage d'un organomagnésien et d'un halogénure d'aryle (réaction de Kumada-Corriu-Tamao) a été menée avec les complexes du nickel(II).
Ling, Xiang. "N-heterocyclic carbenes coated nanocrystals and supracrystals". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066334/document.
Texto completoNanomaterials have received extraordinary attention owing to their unique properties, strongly associated to their nanoscale dimensions. In particular, noble metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit particular mechanical, electronic, optical and magnetic properties and present a high potential for developing applications in many domains with important societal impacts. Due to their higher stability by comparison with other metal-based nanoparticles, Au NPs have been extensively investigated for research in nanotechnology. In the last decades, N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as an essential class of neutral ligands in organometallic chemistry. NHCs are characterized by their high synthetic flexibility, their specific geometry, and a very strong metalCcarbene bond in metal complexes. All these properties have been widely studied and exploited for applications in homogeneous catalysis and for the development of biologically active complexes. By comparison, the use of NHCs in nanomaterials remains largely unexplored. In this work, the potential of NHC ligands in the field of nanomaterials, as coating agents for gold nanocrystals synthesis, stabilization and self-assembly into supracrystals has been explored. First, well-defined silver and gold–NHC complexes with different well-known NHC ligands are investigated for their relevance to generate stable nanocrystals (NCs) under reductive conditions with a good control of nanocrystals size. We demonstrate that both Au and Ag NCs can be formed by reduction of metal-NHC complexes with amine-boranes. The efficiency of the process and the average size and size distribution of the nanocrystals markedly depends on the structure of the NHC ligand. However, we demonstrate in this part that different pathways are involved to generate nanocrystals from Au or Ag precursors, as a specific reaction is observed between Ag-NHCs and thiols leading to the formation of silver thiolates whereas the corresponding Au-NHCs remain unchanged
Aupoix, Audrey. "Les sels d'azolium précurseurs de carbène N-hétérocycliques : synthèse et applications en catalyse". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112320.
Texto completoThis work deals with, at first, the development of a new methodology for the synthesis of azolium and pyridinium ionic liquids, using solvent-free microwave activation conditions. The azolium salts, precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes, were tested as pre-catalysts in the benzoin condensation reaction and Stetter reaction. Good yields were obtained in short reaction times. Secondly, chiral azolium salts as NHC precursors, were synthesized, from (S)-pyroglutamic acid and isosorbide, for asymmetric catalysis applications. Several azolium salts were prepared in 4 or 6 steps in good overall yields. Some different chiral salts synthesized were tested as pre-catalysts in the asymmetric benzoin condensation and Stetter reaction. However, only low enantioselectivities were obtained. The salts derived from (S)-pyroglutamic acid were also used as NHC precursors in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Good enantioselectivities up to 90% were observed. The arylation of aromatic aldehydes was also studied. The complexes formed showed good catalytic activities but didn't lead to any enantioselectivities
Cassirame, Bénédicte. "Couplages C-C utilisant des triarylbismuthines catalysés par le PEPPSI". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1116.
Texto completoMetallocatalysed crosscoupling reactions have been highlighted by the attribution of the 2010 Nobel Chemistry Price since they allow CC bond formation when classical SN1 or SN2 do not permit it. Furthermore, they give access to many pharmaceutics and agronomic compounds but also molecules used for their supramolecular properties. Nowadays, reactions are really efficient but reactants are not always readily accessible and can't be classified as green reagents. Since all its atoms act over the catalytic process and because they are not considered as toxic so far, triarylbismuthines may be a good alternative to circumvent the limitation described above. However, they suffer a main drawback, their reductive dimerisation. In order to avoid this side-reaction, a new greenest process has been developed on a benchmark reaction based on PEPPSI, an NHC/Pd catalyst. These conditions gave usually excellent yields, either for the biaryle or heterobiaryle crosscoupling reaction. The range of substituents is really wide on the aryle halide moiety but slightly more limited on the triarylbismuthine reagents. Then, this catalytic process has been applied without modification to an elimination/crosscoupling domino reaction. A GC/MS and 13C NMR supported comparative kinetic study showed that a 2nd order elimination take place before the C-C bond formation. Fluoride anion and triarylbismuthine act together. Therefore triarylbismuthine play a dual role: base and aryl transfer reagent. This mechanism study led to chimioselective reactions that allow many paths for the synthesis of Ar-Ar-C C-Ar containing compounds with a good control on geometry of this highly conjugated structure. This catalytic process allows also bromocoumarine C-Br bond activation. Thus, crosscoupling may be selectively performed at the 3-, 4- or 6- position of coumarines. The reactivity order difference of these positions even allow hightly selective mono crosscoupling reaction on 3,4- or 3,6-dibromocoumarines for further biological application. To conclude, our PEPPSI based greenest process avoid the dimerisation of bismuthines and give easy access to many compounds of great interest either for their biological or physical properties
Guernon, Hannah. "Développement d'une nouvelle famille de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques anioniques basés sur les Ylures de N-iminoimidazolium". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6585.
Texto completoMarrot, Sébastien. "Carbènes N-Hétérocycliques : Des catalyseurs en chimie des silicones. Carbodiphosphoranes cycliques : Synthèse, coordination et réactivité". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30037.
Texto completoIn a first chapter, we are interested in the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes like nucleophilic organic catalysts for ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclosiloxane and for reactions of polycondensation. In a second chapter, we carry out a bibliographical review on compounds presenting two cumulated ylides functions : carbodiphosphoranes. In a third chapter, we present the synthesis and the coordination of new cyclic carbodiphosphoranes. They are recognized to be strong s-donor ligands for transition metals. In a fourth chapter, we study the thermolysis of one of these compounds which leads by rearrangement to the formation of a 1,2l5-azaphosphète. A theoretical study highlights an inter-conversion between carbodiphosphoranes and disphosphinocarbenes
Hippolyte, Laura. "New syntheses of N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized gold nanoparticles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS148.pdf.
Texto completoOver the past decade, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have drawn considerable interest in the field of materials chemistry. Indeed, this relatively new class of ligands forms strong bonds with a wide range of metals and their structures and electronic properties can be tuned “at-will” through organic synthesis. This strong bond is of particular interest for gold nanoparticles. Indeed, gold nanoparticles have many potential applications, for example in sensors, catalysis or medicine, but those potential applications are sometimes hindered by a lack of stability of the surface ligand. A few syntheses of NHC-stabilized gold nanoparticles have already been described in the literature but each presents their own set of drawbacks. This thesis work has focused on the development of new syntheses of NHC-stabilized gold nanoparticles. First, by revisiting a literature procedure starting from imidazolium salts, we managed to develop a one-pot synthesis starting only from commercially available AuCl, NaBH4 and easily synthesized imidazolium salts. A totally new synthesis was developed using NHC-boranes, which are stable Lewis adducts. Here, we reported for the first time their use as a 2-in-1 reagent, able to reduce the metallic precursor and provide the nanoparticles stabilizing ligands. Finally, we are the first to report a synthesis of gold nanoparticles stabilized by mesoionic carbenes (MIC). MICs are a sub-class of NHCs synthesized by well-known “click-chemistry”, which present unique electronic properties. Throughout this work, special care was taken to characterize the nanoparticles, notably by XPS
Longevial, Jean-François. "Synthèse et propriétés de complexes d'Or(I) de carbènes N-hétérocycliques fusionnés à des porphyrines". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT205/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work is devoted to the synthesis of porphyrins fused to imidazolium rings and their use as precursors of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC). Therefore, these compounds possess two coordination sites, the internal (the macrocycle) and the external (the NHC ligand) ones, allowing the synthesis of dinuclear complexes. This study is mainly centered on the synthesis of metalloporphyrins conjugated with peripheral gold(I) complexes such as [(NHC)AuCl]. In view of applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the functionalization of these complexes by carbohydrates was achieved through the substitution of chloride ligands of peripheral gold(I) complexes. Biological tests on cell cultures show a clear potentialization of the photodynamic properties of the photosensitizers bearing mannose ligands bound to gold(I). Following this study, the synthesis of porphyrins fused to two imidazolium rings was achieved allowing for the first time the synthesis of trinuclear species such as Au/M/Au (M = inner metal in the porphyrin core) with different geometries. These compounds open interesting perspectives in view of obtaining photosensitizers having two carbohydrates at their periphery. Moreover, it was shown that trinuclear species such as Au/Zn/Au can be used as molecular building-blocks for the synthesis of organometallic polymers in view of applications in (photo)catalysis
Porcheron, Alexandre. "Plasmonic nanoparticles modified by coordination complexes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS471.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to build new hybrid nano-objects made from a gold nanoparticle on which coordination complexes are grafted. The expected effect for such an architecture was a synergy between the plasmonic properties of the nanoparticles and the optical or electronic properties of the metallic complexes. A key feature of this construction has been the use of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) as stabilizing ligands and anchoring platform. In a first part, two heteroditopic molecules, containing a phenanthroline group and an imidazolium group, precursor of NHC, have been synthesized. Gold nanoparticles have subsequently been prepared from these precursors, NaBH4 and a gold salt. In a second part, mesoionique carbenes (MIC), a sub-type of NHC, which derived from triazoliums, have been studied as alternative stabilizing ligands and anchoring platform. A triazolium, bearing a pyridine group has been prepared and used for the synthesis of MIC stabilized gold nanoparticles. In a third part, a method to measure the ligands grafting density has been developed. Based on the ligands release and their analysis by NMR, it has allowed to obtain the grafting density of each ligand for nanoparticles stabilized by two different NHC. The grafting of Ni(II) or Fe(II/III) complexes on the previously prepared gold nanoparticles has finally been investigated. A final and unrelated part, which deals with the use of NHC-BH3 in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, led to study a NHC imidazolium borate as a new precursor of NHC
Lefebvre, Jean-François. "Synthèse et propriétés de ligands de type carbène N-hétérocyclique conjugués à une porphyrines". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20141/document.
Texto completoIn addition to the usual inner coordination site of porphyrins, it is possible to functionalize the macrocycle by external coordination sites. This PhD thesis is devoted to the functionalization of two neighboring b-pyrrolic carbons in order to obtain porphyrins fused to peripheral N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC).NHC ligands are known to display outstanding electronic properties which render them important ligands in the fields of catalysis and organometallic chemistry. The aim of this PhD work was to study the influence of the porphyrin on the electronic properties of the peripheral NHC ligand, and to modulate the electronic and catalytic properties of anchored metal complexes according to the chemical modifications brought to the porphyrin, ie. its metallation or the protonation of the free-base porphyrin.Firstly, the different synthetic procedures to obtain porphyrins fused to imidazolium rings were developed. These imidazolium salts are the key precursors of the porphyrin-NHC ligands. In order to study the catalytic properties of metal complexes containing porphyrin-NHC ligands, several palladium(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The study of the catalystic properties of these complexes showed that better catalytic activities were observed if the porphyrins contain a metal cation. Then, the electronic properties of these NHC ligands were evaluated for (NHC)Rh(COD)X and (NHC)Rh(CO)2X complexes with X = I or Cl
Nzahou, Ottou Winnie. "Organopolymérisations du méthacrylate de méthyle induites par les carbène N-hétérocycliques et par des paires de Lewis organiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0303/document.
Texto completoThe reactivity of imidazol-ylidene N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as direct initiators for the polymerization of miscellaneous (meth)acrylic monomers, mainly methylmethacrylate (MMA), has been screened in the absence of any other co-activator.Different reactivities have been observed according to the structure of the NHC and thenature of the substrate. Computational studies allowed rationalizing steric and electroniceffects involved in these reactions.The use of a peculiar NHCs as catalyst for the polymerization of MMA using alcohols as initiators has then been investigated. This simple and efficient method also allows achieving amphiphilic block copolymers by using hydroxylated poly(ethylene oxide)s asmacro-initiators. Combined computational and experimental investigations have provided insights into the mechanism of polymerization.Various Lewis pairs including a silicon-based compound as acid and NHC or a trialkyl(aryl)phosphine as base, have been investigated to trigger an efficient polymerization of MMA.In this case, the polymerization is expected to proceed via a cooperative/dual activation mechanism
Bheeter, Linus Paulin. "catalyseurs à base de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques dérivés de fer et de nickel pour les réactions catalytiques d'hydrosilylation et d'hydroboration". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S182.
Texto completoThe research work described in this manuscript has for main objective the development of new homogeneous catalytic systems based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron and nickel complexes for hydrosilyation and borylation reactions. The first chapter describes the use of [Cp(NHC)Fe(CO)₂][X] (X = I, PF₆) complexes bearing benzimidazole or imidazole NHC type ligands for hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone. In a second chapter, we have shown that half-sandwich NHC-nickel complexes in the presence of a catalytic amount of NaHBEt3 can be efficient catalysts for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, aldimines and ketimines in the presence of diphenylsilane. In the last chapter, two new series of non-classical NHC-nickel triazole complexes had been developed: (i) one series with half sandwich NHC-nickel triazole complexes and (ii) another one based on chelating anionic amido-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene nickel complexes. The two series of complexes were then evaluated in catalytic borylation cross coupling reaction
Rose, Clémence. "De la synthèse de porphyrines fonctionnalisées par des sels d'imidazolium à la formation de dimères de porphyrines cofaciales assemblées par des liaisons métal-carbène". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS083.
Texto completoThis PhD work is devoted to the synthesis of porphyrins functionalized in meso positions with one or four imidazolium rings. First of all, these compounds have been tested as photosensitizers for in vitro studies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications on breast cancer cells MCF-7. Regarding to the efficiency of some of them in PDT, chlorine-based compounds functionalized with an imidazole/imidazolium ring have also been synthesized through hemi-synthetic pathway, with spirulina-extracted chlorophyll a as precursor. Then, porphyrins functionalized in meso positions with four imidazolium rings have been used as precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) ligands for the synthesis of cofacial porphyrin dimers assembled by M-CNHC bonds. The modularity of these assemblies has been explored by modifying assembling metal cations (M = AgI, AuI), organic spacers between porphyrins and NHCs or the nature of the intern metal M’ located in the porphyrin cores of the dimer (M’ = 2H, ZnII, CoII/III). Electronic and biological properties of these dimers have been investigated. Preliminary results have also been obtained in the field of host-guest chemistry (encapsulation of small molecules) and in electrocatalysis for the O2 reduction reaction (ORR)
Ménard, Alain. "Étude de la formation d’indoles via un intermédiaire diaziridine et synthèse d’une nouvelle famille de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques anioniques à partir d’Ylures de N-sulfonyliminoimidazolium". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5412.
Texto completoKrzesinski, Pawel. "Catalyseurs de métathèse des oléfines au ruthénium à stabilité et efficacité accrues par conception de nouveaux ligands carbènes N-hétérocycliques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES006.
Texto completoNo doubt catalysis is one of the most relevant tools used in the chemical industry, allowing to obtain a myriad of sometimes otherwise inaccessible molecules. Catalyst's auxiliary ligands play a significant role in defining the activity, selectivity and stability of the resulting catalysts. In this respect, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have shown a broad utility as spectator ligands that can stabilize catalytic intermediates. The most important impact of NHCs is arguably in the field of olefin metathesis (OM), a reaction that has already become a device of prominent importance in organic synthesis. The work described here aimed at NHC ligand design to achieve more stable, durable and thus more efficient OM catalysts. Two strategies were investigated to enhance the stability of corresponding NHC OM catalysts. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter of the thesis describes relevant state-of-the-art. In the second chapter, a strategy for a robust Z-selective OM catalyst was investigated, followed by chapter three reporting catalysts designed for an efficient tetrasubstituted carbon-carbon double bond formation. The last part of the work describes in chapter four a potential application of the obtained catalytic systems. The thesis concludes with an experimental section and references in chapters five and six respectively. Within the first strategy for a more efficient catalyst, attempts to obtain a robust Z-selective catalyst bearing a chelating LX-type NHC ligand were explored by altering the X-type carbon-based ligand. The research objectives were diversified into two axes, where a synthesis of OM catalysts bearing bidentate NHC ligands comprising either a barbituric heterocycle (axis A) or N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) moiety (axis B) were attempted. Several ruthenium(II) complexes bearing the targeted NHC-barbiturate ligand were successfully synthesized. However, the corresponding OM catalyst could not be obtained and a mechanism was proposed to explain the observed reactivity. In the next part, the synthesis of an NHC-NHO OM catalyst was attempted. However, the formation of the corresponding ruthenium-NHC complex was precluded due to an unexpected ring opening of the formed imidazolinylidene heterocycle. The reactivity of the novel class NHC-NHO ligand was explored in the coordination chemistry of rhodium(I) and palladium(II) metal centers, ultimately leading to the synthesis of the first NHC-NHO complex based on a palladium platform. The third chapter is based on a second strategy for a more efficient catalyst, presenting advancements in the formation of tetrasubstituted carbon-carbon double bonds using OM. Considering that the anticipated, deleterious catalyst deactivation pathway requires the rotation of the N-aryl arm of the NHC ligand, a second decker of aromatic groups in benzimidazolylidene-based N-phenyl NHC ligands was introduced. This led to robust and highly efficient ruthenium OM catalysts in challenging metathesis reactions of tri- and tetra-substituted olefins. The beneficial effect of these upper aromatic "wings" on the stability and activity of ruthenium complexes is rationalized through the experimental determination of the stereoelectronic properties of the NHC ligands, complemented by DFT calculations on the nature of the through-space interactions between the aromatics and on the decomposition pathway of precatalysts. At last, the obtained catalytic systems were tested in the synthesis of bio-based polyesters and polyamides. To demonstrate the applicability of this study, a technical grade methyl oleate was used for the self-cross metathesis step. Such material derives from broadly available sunflower or rapeseed oil and contains a substantial amount (20 wt%) of methyl linoleate. The obtained dimethyl octadec-9-enedioate was used in a subsequent polycondensation with a co-monomer (diol or diamine), which resulted in the formation of polymeric materials
Akhdar, Ayman. "Synthesis, Modification And Click Of Arylopeptoids Using Carbene-Based Catalysts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC117.
Texto completoArylopeptoids (i.e. oligomeric N-substituted aminomethyl benzamides) is a class of peptoid-inspired oligoamides with aromatic backbone. They retain advantageous features of peptoids such as straightforward synthesis by submonomer approach and conformational preferences governed by cis-trans isomerism of N,N-disubstituted amides. These N-alkylated aromatic oligoamides may be developed as proteomimetics or scaffolds for multivalent display. The aim of this thesis was to explore the chemical diversity accessible from linear and cyclic arylopeptoids through Click chemistry using Copper carbene as catalyst. First, access and properties of Copper (I)-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst was exposed. Also, an extension of the quantitative NMR was presented to study the purity of this catalyst and other organometallic compounds. The development of an efficient CuAAC protocol on-resin using Copper (I)-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst for the functionalization of arylopeptoids has allowed the efficient preparation of a library of linear oligomers carrying several triazole-type side chains. Beside, combinatorial and sequential approaches have been implemented leading to huge accessible chemical diversity. Post-modification of the triazoles into triazoliums has led to several series of triazolium-based arylopeptoids exhibiting amphipathic character. Their antibacterial activity against a panel of bacterial strains has been evaluated. The access to 3-dimensional crown- and tube-like structures from constrained arylopeptoid macrocycles by CuAAC reaction using the Cu-NHC catalyst also proved to be efficient with a selectivity depending on the spatial preorganization of the cyclic core and proper choice of the NHC catalyst. Finally, the access to H-shaped arylopeptoids was studied using CuAAC reaction on resin. Overall, this work highlights the potential of the Copper (I)-N-heterocyclic carbene as catalyst for CuAAC to perform on-resin poly-functionalization of arylopeptoids and to build complex 3D-architectures
Bouché, Mathilde. "Carbene-platinum conjugated : novel anticancer complexes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE013.
Texto completoAlthough platinum-based anticancer drugs are well established, several shortcomings have raised concerns, namely their toxicity and resistance mechanisms. Therefore, improved anticancer drugs are strongly awaited to substitute drugs currently used in clinics. Remarkably, the combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) to platinum has recently demonstrated very promising results as anticancer agents. In the aim to access novel drugs, this work emphasizes several structural modifications to improve the cytotoxicity and lower side effects. One strategy developed herein focus on the introduction of pnictogens by ligand exchange to access a synergistic effect. Otherwise, efforts mainly focused on NHC-platinum(IV) complexes from their synthesis to stability investigation and anticancer activities and mechanism of action. Finally, the combination of NHC-Pt drugs to nanodelivery devices has been investigated in order to improve both their biocompatibility and selectivity toward cancer cells
Rosa, Lourenço de Pina Cardoso Bernardo. "Structure of cationic CNHC,Calkyl nickelacycles and their activity in the catalytic functionalization of the C–H bonds of azoles". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF033/document.
Texto completoThis thesis develops the study of nickel(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) in two axes: the synthesis and characterization of nickelacyclic complexes with a carbon-carbon chelating ligand (CNHC,Calkyl); and their catalytic activity in the construction of carbon-carbon bonds (Csp2–Csp2/Csp3) of 1-chalcogene-azoles by carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bond functionalization. A series of cationic CNHC,Calkyl-Ni(II) metallacyclic acetonitrile adducts was synthetized by the removal of a cyclopentadienyl ligand from parent 18 valence electron half-sandwich nickelacycles. The cationic complexes were determined to exist as rare coordinatively and electronically unsaturated T-shaped 14 valence electron Ni(II) species, in the solid state. Application of these new complexes to the cross-coupling of benzothiazole with iodoarenes proved to be a successful strategy in Csp2–Csp2 bond formation, by the combination of a stabilizing metallacyclic scaffold with labile ligands. The discovery of a half-sandwich Ni(II)-(NHC)-(benzothiazolyl) species, inactive in the arylation of benzothiazole, but active for the cross-coupling of benzothiazole with iodoalkanes shows the first example of benzothiazole Csp2–Csp3 bond construction with a Ni(II)-NHC catalyst
Oertel, Anna Magdalena. "Synthèse et réactivité de complexes du nickel(II) comportant des ligands carbène N-hétérocyclique : des réactions de couplage C-C croisé à l'activation de liaisons C-H". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/OERTEL_Anna_Magdalena_2010.pdf.
Texto completoThe research in this thesis targets some aspects of the chemistry of nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. A series of half-sandwich nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(R-NHC-n-Bu]XCp†] (Cp† = Cp, Cp*, X = Cl, I), bearing a N-bound n-butyl sidearm NHC ligands has been synthesized from the appropriate imidazolium halides and nickelocene or [Ni(acac)Cp*] as models for heterogenized versions of these complexes. All these complexes were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques [1H and 13C{1H}NMR spectroscopy, 2D spectroscopy when appropriate, MS, and elemental analyses]. Furthermore, many representative complexes were the subject of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. All these complexes feature a two-legged piano stool geometry common for 18-electron MCp†L2 compounds with a trigonal planar geometry around the central nickel atom. The [Ni(Ar-NHC-n-Bu)ICp] compounds are highly active catalysts for the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides or chlorides with phenylboronic acid in the absence of any reductant or co-catalyst and show higher turnover frequencies (TOF) than seen in their closely related symmetric [Ni(Ar2-NHC)LCp†] counterparts. The origin of the improved stability of the in situ generated active species is discussed. A heterogenized version of these complexes onto alumina has been prepared by employing 3-(trialkoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium halides and tested in Suzuki cross-coupling. In the prospect of enhancing the longevity of the active species, unprecedented half-sandwich Ni(II) complexes bearing two different NHC ligands were prepared by displacement of the labile acetonitrile ligand from [Ni(Ar2-NHC)(CH3CN)Cp]+X- with a “free” NHC. The resulting cationic bis-(NHC)-nickel complexes [Ni(NHC)(NHC’)Cp]+X- show remarkable stability, and thus low acitivity in Suzuki couplings. The Ni– NHC bonds are particularly robust as can be demonstrated by the displacement of the Cp, and not of a NHC ligand, when these bis-NHC Cp complexes are protonated. The final chapter presents a novel reaction in which the base-promoted activation of sp3-hybridized C– H bonds a- to functional organic groups at Cp†Ni-NHC centres was achieved. The scope and breadth of this activation is demonstrated by the activation of acetonitrile, acetone and other ketones under relatively mild conditions to give a range of new nickel alkyls. A remarkable double activation of acetone was notably demonstrated. The activation of C–H bonds a-to nitriles in NHC-attached sidearms to give a series of new half-sandwich nickelacycles was also achieved. Possible mechanistic pathways for these reactions have been the subject of theoretical DFT analyses. Similarly to the bis-NHC species, the nickelacycles show great robustness of the NHC– and alkyl–Ni bonds
Maerten, Eddy. "Synthèse directe de cétones arylpyridiniques par couplage carbonylant d'halogénopyridines catalysé par des systèmes palladium-carbène N-hétérocycliques et réduction asymétrique des cétones". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Maerten.pdf.
Texto completoCitadelle, Cécilia. "Synthèses de nouveaux catalyseurs de ruthénium pour la métathèse des esters méthyliques d’huiles végétales". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10083/document.
Texto completoThe development of efficient ruthenium based catalysts has contributed to the development of olefin metathesis. This reaction catalyzed by tungsten, rhenium or molybdenum complexes, was applied, until now, to non-fonctionalized olefins. The use of ruthenium precursors allowed to broaden range of applications of olefin metathesis owing to their high tolerance to various organic functions. Indeed, methyl esters of vegetable oils can be converted into chemical base by metathesis in the presence of ruthenium based catalysts. In this study, we report ruthenium complexes reactivities for ethenolysis of methyl oleate as well as the design and the characterization of new systems. We describe the synthesis of new ruthenium catalysts containing cyclic alkyl(amino)carbenes and the evaluation of their performances. We show that these precatalysts display interesting catalytic properties for the ethenolysis of methyl oleate. Modifications of the carbenes ligands architecture provide the possibility to create novel catalysts as the functionalization of the isopropoxybenzylidene ligand which allowed immobilization of catalysts in ionic liquid. Besides, attempts to coordinate other ligands, such as fluorenylidène and silylene, able to afford active complexes will be discuss
Henrion, Mickaël. "Synthesis and homogeneous catalytic applications of nickel(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF057/document.
Texto completoA detailed study has been conducted on organometallic compounds of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) of nickel(II), in particular on half-sandwich nickel(II)−NHC complexes. These complexes showed unprecedented catalytic activity in homogeneous catalysis, especially in the α-arylation of acyclic ketones, where catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol% could be used. Mechanistic experiments suggest that radicals are implied. Furthermore, these half-sandwich complexes proved to be efficient pre-catalysts in the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds and imines, allowing the reduction processes to proceed under mild reaction conditions. During the course of these studies, a half-sandwich nickel−hydride intermediate that probably acts as the true pre-catalyst was isolated. Remarkably, the synthesis of new Ni−NHC complexes led to a methodology for cyclopentadienyl ligand substitution in stable 18-electron alkyl,NHC−Ni derivatives. Finally, the use of less common NHC ligands, such as NHCs possessing a malonate backbone, or else, the use of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes, led to the isolation of new nickel−carbene complexes, which gave encouraging preliminary catalytic results
Schnee, Gilles. "Synthèse et réactivité de nouveaux complexes des métaux du groupe 13 portés par des ligands carbènes N-hétérocycliques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF053/document.
Texto completoAt the beginning of this work, few studies had been performed on the complexation of N-heterocyclic carbenes with oxophilic metals, in high oxidation states such as group 13 metals. The synthetic routes optimization has extended the number of complexes-type NHC-MIII (M = aluminum, gallium and indium), and the corresponding cationic complexes. The combination of these precursors with sterically congested NHCs allowed the observation of unprecedented reactivities (abnormal complexes, Frustrated Lewis Pairs, N-heterocyclic dicarbenes). In a second step, the unusual reactivity of NHC ligands has allowed the isolation of analogues of the Tebbe’s reagent, formed to be very active in the methylenation of carbonyl compounds
Jean-Baptiste, dit Dominique François. "Synthèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques de complexes métalliques comportant des ligands multidentes bis(carbène N-hétérocyclique) fonctionalisés : évaluation catalytique en couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/347/.
Texto completoSince the pioneer work on metal N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the isolation of free thermally stable NHCs, intensive activity research has been focused on the organometallic chemistry of this class of ligands. In this context, we decided to design a new class of amide or alcohol-N-functionalised bis(NHC) ligands. Diimidazolium salt precursors linked together by flexible or rigid, were obtained following short and modular synthetic pathways. Gold(I), Gold(III), Palladium(II) and Nickel(II) complexes were prepared following the carbene-transfer route of silver(I) precursors or by direct metallation of azolium salts in the presence of a mild base. Gold(I) and Ni(II) complexes have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and the electrochemical and luminescence properties of the Au(I) and Au(III) compounds have been studied. Finally, the catalytic activities of Ni(II) and Pd(II) NHC complexes were evaluated in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling
Kong, Lingyu. "De ligands NHCs prochiraux à des complexes métal-NHC énantiopurs : nouvelles perspectives pour la catalyse asymétrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0502.
Texto completoN-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are recognized to be excellent ligands towards transition metals ™. In this manuscript, the first chapter is dedicated to a non-exhaustive presentation of the various approaches of the literature which have been used to design chiral NHCs efficient in enantioselective catalysis. As a prelude of the second chapter, the new concept lies on the formation of an axis of chirality during the coordination between the NHC ligand and the transition metal. This chapter is dedicated to the synthesis of complexes with a C1 symmetry. Various imidazolium salts, have been synthesized and then used to generate palladium complexes. These complexes have been obtained in a enantiopurically form thanks to a chiral HLPC resolution at a preparative scale. These homochiral complexes were firstly subjected to studies aiming the investigation of their chiroptic properties and the determination of their rotation barriers values. The concept was then successfully extended to the synthesis of gold- and copper-based complexes. Homochiral copper-NHC complexes were found of particular importance since their applications in catalysis allowed to reach good enantioinductions and as NHC transfer reagents brought some experimental proofs on the transmetalation process. The third chapter disclosed the works that have been done on the preparation of heterochiral NHC-TM complexes possessing a C2 symmetry. Various symmetric imidazolium salts have been synthesized and then used to form the corresponding palladium-based complexes. Homochiral complexes were found displaying good activities for α-arylation of amides and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee)
Zheng, Jianxia. "Earth-abundant metal complexes for catalyzed hydroelementation". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S148/document.
Texto completoThis research work deals with the use of the catalysts based on the earth-abundant transition metals of the first row of the periodic table, such as Mn, Fe, and Ni, for hydroelementation reactions. First of all, the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones was accomplished using a simple Ni(OAc)₂ 4H₂O/PCy₃ catalytic system with the inexpensive and stable silane PMHS as the hydride source. The reductive amination of aldehydes with amines was also achieved with the same catalytic system and TMDS, as the silane. Second, the efficiency of manganese half-sandwich complex CpMn(CO)₂(IMes) was exemplified for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Ph ₂ SiH ₂ (1.5 equiv.) under UV irradiation at room temperature. Still with manganese, the challenging transformation of carboxylic acids to aldehydes was performed using commercial Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ and Et₃SiH. Third, the methylation of the secondary amines with dimethyl carbonate as an alternative and safe C1 source was demonstrated under mild conditions with [CpFe(CO)₂(IMes)]I as the catalyst. Then, the hydroboration of functionalized alkenes and alkynes was catalyzed by an iron(0) carbonyl complex Fe(CO)₄(IMes) under UV irradiation. Finally, the hydroboration reaction was successfully extended to the reduction of CO₂ to methoxyboranes with Fe(CO)₃[P(OPh)₃]₂ as the catalyst and the borane sources, such as HBpin, HBcat or 9-BBN
Tang, Shun. "Cycloisomérisations catalysées par les sels du gallium et les complexes NHC-Gallium(III)". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112271.
Texto completoRecently, in order to develop alternative activation methods for Pi-systems in homogeneous catalysis instead of employing expensive and toxic noble metal catalysts, first row transition metals and main group metal complexes have attracted great attention. This thesis is a contribution to it, and we focus on gallium chemistry. There are three main aspects dominating this thesis: gallium(III) halides, well-defined gallium(III) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), and -systems activation in catalysis.The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter I provides an overview of the field of organic synthesis involving gallium(III) compounds, focusing on their use as - or -Lewis acids.In Chapter II, we expose our attempts to exploit the catalytic potential of gallium(III) chloride in a novel tandem cycloisomerization/Friedel-Crafts reaction. A section dedicated to the study on GaCl3-catalyzed alkyne hydration is also provided.Chapter III begins with a description of the synthesis of a series of gallium(III) complexes bearing various NHCs as ligands in order to overcome the limitations of gallium(III) halides in catalysis. Next, methodology studies on the tandem process involving 1,6-arenynes with the neutral and cationic gallium(III) complexes are described. The evaluation of scission kinetics for catalysts, substrates variation and influence of counteranions are discussed. In addition, efforts towards the asymmetric version of this tandem transformation and some other cyclizations are also presented.The concluding chapter reiterates the most important results obtained in the body chapters of the thesis. To conclude, the future directions for the research on the use of the NHC-gallium(III) complexes are discussed
Hammoud, Jana. "Evaluation des complexes dirhodium (II) tétraacétate-Carbène-N-Hétérocyclique pour la décomposition de diazoesters et applications en glycochimie Functionalization of GlucoPyranosides at position 5 by 1,5 C–H insertion of Rh(II)-Carbenes: Dramatic influence of the anomeric configuration". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR03.
Texto completoThis work deals with the study of the catalytic properties of Rh₂L₄.NHC complexes towards diazoesters, and their application in the field of glycochemistry. We first developed a reproducible synthetic procedure for the preparation of these organometallic complexes. Furthermore, we have shown that the Rh₂(OAC)₄.IMes complexe was inducing the chemoselective decomposition of diazo esters, depending on their electronic properties. This unprecedented property opened the way to a switchable catalytic system. In the field of glycochemistry, the Rh₂L₄.NHC complexes made possible to improve the experimental conditions for the quaternization reaction of the anomeric position by C-H bond functionalization. Finally, the quaternization of position 5 of pyranosides by 1,5 C-H insertion of a Rh (II) metallo-carbene anchored on the primary position was developed
Hellou, Nora. "Complexes organométalliques de carbènes N-hétérocycliques hélicoïdaux". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S147/document.
Texto completoDuring my PhD work, I have developed new molecular architectures combining helicenes and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC). Firstly, a novel family of cycloiridiated complexes bearing NHC-[4,6]helicene ligands, of general formula IrLCp*X, in which the ligand bear a helicene and a NHC grafted through a methylene bridge, were obtained. The chiroptical properties of these complexes have been analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. In this way, we have demonstrated the good communication between the helicene and NHC units through the iridacycle, and the contribution of the NHC in the chiroptical properties. Secondly, monocoordinated iridium(I) complexes of general formula IrL(COD)X, in which the ligands are this time constituted of orthofused NHC-helicenes, were obtained. The efficiency of these complexes in enantioselective catalysis was evaluated in a hydrogen transfer reaction on acetophenone, and revealed rather modest enantiomeric excess (ee) up to 36%. Then, cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes of general formula IrL(dfppy)2 were prepared and have shown to be phosphorescent in the green region with very long lifetimes. The comparison of the emission properties with an analogous complex without helicenic unit enabled to highlight the contribution of both the d orbitals of the iridium metal and the helicoïdal-NHC unit. Finally, other methods for the development of new NHC-helicenes structures have been explored. Among them, the synthesis of a [4]helicene-benzimidazole by transformation of a helicene-boronate, and the subsequent in situ deprotonation and cycloiridation, have been performed
Pinaud, Julien. "Catalyse organique par les carbènes N-hétérocycliques (NHCs) et leur version supportée sur polymères à des fins de recyclage". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14135/document.
Texto completoN-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been employed as organic catalysts for the step-growth polymerization of terephtaldehyde. This part is an application to polymer chemistry of the so-called “benzoin condensation”, reaction catalyzed by NHCs involving a mono-aldehyde substrate. Poly(1,4-phenylene-1-oxo-2-hydroxyethylene)s or « polybenzoins » have thus been obtained by polymerization reactions conducted in DMSO or THF at temperatures below 40°C. Presence of cyclic polybenzoins has been put forward. The content of such cyclic species was found to vary as a function of the NHC catalyst employed and of the reaction media used. In a second part, simple solutions have been proposed to easily handle NHCs, by avoiding their degradation. For this purpose, polymer supports bearing NHCs moities, i.e “poly(NHC)s”, have been developed and employed for the purpose of organocatalysis. Even if “poly(NHC)s” were found to be recyclable, they still remain sensitive to impurities. Another way to protect the carbenic centers is to react “poly(NHC)s” with CO2. The adducts thus obtained, “poly(NHC-CO2)s”, can then be employed as precursors for the in situ generation of “poly(NHC)s”, by a simple thermal activation. A further carboxylation of such generated species allow for the recovering of “poly(NHC-CO2)s”. Finally, synthetic methods for the preparation of imidazolium (molecular version) and polyimidazolium (supported polymer version) salts with hydrogenocarbonate (HCO3-) as counter-anion have been developed. Such precursors can serve as precatalysts (molecular or supported) to generate, by heating, NHCs and poly(NHC)s, giving a practice way to conduct organocalysed reactions and recycle the catalysts
Savchuk, Mariia. "Complexes atropisomériques d'or-NHC : design, synthèse et applications dans des réactions de cycloisomérisation asymétriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0571.
Texto completoThe first chapter of this manuscript is dedicated to survey the design of chiral NHC and their applications as ligand in gold-catalyzed enantioselective transformations. This presentation clearly showed the importance of new ligand designs, because only poor enantioselectivities have been reached up to date. A new concept of atroipsomeric transition metal-NHC complexes has been devised and developed in our group. Its application to prepare chiral transition metal complexes bearing C1-symmetric NHC ligand containing a satured backbone was investigated during my Ph.D. work and will be presented in the second chapter. Various chiral complexes were obtained, separated by chiral HPLC at preparative scale and their configurational stabilities were investigated in depth. The gold (I) containing complex was tried in the 1,6-enyne cycloisomerization, giving a promissing enantioselectivity (70% ee). In the third chapter of this manuscript, the concept of atroipsomeric transition metal-NHC complexes was extended to C2-symmetric NHC ligands and applied to the asymmetric Au(I)-catalyzed transformations. Diisopropyl malonate-tethered 1,6-enynes were identified as excellent substrates for cycloisomerization reactions and resulting alkoxycyclization products were isolated with excellent enantiopurities (7 examples with 51-92% yield, 56-99% ee). The cyclization without external nucleophiles led also to excellent results a (6 examples with 72-99% yield, 86-93% ee)
Masoud, Salekh. "New olefin metathesis catalysts with fluorinated NHC ligands : synthesis and catalytic activity". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S136/document.
Texto completoAn efficient approach to a new family of unsymmetrical 1,3-bis(aryl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium salts comprising bulky hexafluoroisopropylmethoxy group in para- or ortho-position in one of the N-aryl substituents has been developed. New imidazolinium salts with fluoroalkyl-containing mono-ortho-aryl substituent at one of the nitrogen atom have also been synthesized. It was found that these imidazolinium salts are effective NHC precursors and provided an efficient access to a series of new ruthenium carbene complexes with unsymmetrical fluorinated NHC ligands. The method involves in situ generation of the carbene via treatment of the starting salts with potassium hexamethyldisilazide and subsequent ligand exchange reaction with PCy3-containing first generation Grubbs and Hoveyda complexes. The catalytic activity of the new complexes has been investigated on model reactions of intra- and intermolecular olefin metathesis. It was found that most of the synthesized complexes exhibited high activity in cyclization of diethyl diallylmalonate and in cross metathesis of allyl benzene with 1,3-diacetoxybut-2-ene. Their performance has proved to be comparable with commonly used second generation Grubbs and Hoveyda catalysts, with sometimes some differences in the initiation step. Structural and electronic impact of fluorinated unsymmetrical NHC on reactivity of new ruthenium complexes has been studied. In particular, it was revealed that Hoveyda type catalysts with mono-ortho-aryl substituted NHC ligands have demonstrated very high initiation rate in CM reactions. On the contrary, catalysts with more donating N-alkyl NHCs have displayed low activity; for instance, the N-tert-butyl substituted complex has proved to be absolutely inert both in RCM and CM reactions. Symmetrical ruthenium carbene complexes bearing NHC ligands with two hexafluoroisopropylmethoxy group in para-positions of N-aryl moieties are significantly inferior in reactivity with respect to their asymmetric counterparts showing the strong influence of the desymmetrization factor on catalytic activity
Makhlouf, Brahmi Malika. "Réactivité des complexes carbènes N-hétérocycliques-boranes (NHC-Boranes)". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066480.
Texto completoN-heterocyclic carbenes boranes (NHC-Boranes) complexes are novel structures whose reactivity —especially organic— has not been explored. Our goal was to investigate the influence of the NHC complexation on the reactivity at the boron atom. We focused first on radical reactions. Computational studies showed that the values of the B-H BDE of these complexes are low enough to use them as radical hydrogen donors in the Barton-McCombie deoxygenation of xanthates. We thus reported that two NHC-BH3 complexes reduce different secondary xanthates in acceptable yields under the Barton-McCombie conditions. Then, we found that palladium could mediate the reduction of a variety of aryl halides and triflates by using NHC-boranes complexes as an hydride donors. In addition, we found that, by changing the borane, palladium could catalyze sp2–sp2 and sp2–sp3 C–C couplings in good to excellent yields. NHC-boranes complexes are hence a family of new boron partners for Suzuki-Miyaura couplings. Finally, we discovered a new reactivity by generating a borenium cation stabilized by the NHC ligand. This reactivity allows us to synthesize fluorinated NHC-boranes complexes
Broggi, Julie. "Contribution des catalyseurs contenant un carbène N-hétérocyclique pour la chimie des nucléosides". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452644.
Texto completoZhang, Pinglu. "Cyclodextrin-(N-Heterocyclic Carbene)-Metal Complexes for Cavity-Dependent Catalysis". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066380/document.
Texto completoCyclodextrin (CD)-NHC-Metal complexes (NHC=N-Heterocyclic Carbene), including the AgI, CuI and AuI complexes were synthesized. A structural study showed that the metal was inside the cavity, and induced by C-H…M, C-H…X and π…X interactions. Variations on α-, β-, γ-CD cavities and NHC derivatives (midazole, benzimidazole, triazole) were studied. When the size of the cavity increased, these interactions decreased. Furthermore, stronger σ-donating effects lead to stronger interactions. CD-Cu complexes showed good activity in catalytic hydroboration of alkynes. The selectivity is depending on the size of the cavity of the catalyst. α-CD copper complex gives linear hydroboration products, while β-CD copper complex yields the branched isomers. The CD-Cu species potentially involved in the catalytic cycle were studied, two different mechanisms were thus proposed. In the α-CD-Cu complex catalyzed reactions, the catalytic process takes place outside the cavity; while a bigger cavity β-CD permits the catalysis to take place inside the cavity. Furthermore, the gold complexes also show different enantioselectivity and regioselectivity in cycloisomerization using different cavity-based catalysts. Catalytic results evidenced the selectivity of a catalytic reaction is dependent on the cavity of the CD-NHC-metal complexes
Kuhl, Sébastien. "Activation de liaisons carbone-halogène et carbone-azote par des catalyseurs de nickel(0) ligandés par un carbène N-hétérocyclique". Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10112.
Texto completoThis work describes the preparation of new nickel catalysts liganded with N-heterocyclic carbenes for the reduction of (poly)halogenated arenes and imines and for the N,N'-diarylation of aromatic diamines. In a first part, the Ni(0)/IMes (1/2) catalyst, associated to i-PrONa, was used for the reduction of (poly)chlorinated arenes. Carbon-fluorine bonds of fluoroarenes can also be activated by the Ni(0)/IMes (1/1) catalyst and be reduced in the presence of the secondary alkoxide Et2CHONa. Transfer hydrogenation of imines into amines is also possible with this catalyst. In the second part, the development of a new nickel catalyst, noted Ni(0)/IPr (1/2), for the N,N'-diarylation of aromatic diamines is described. The synthesis of new N,N'-diaryldiamines containing a 4-[10-(4-aminophényl)-9-anthryl]aniline moiety is reported. It has been shown that the diaryldiamines possess fluorescent properties and that they were reversibly oxidized into stable di(radical cation)s
Teci, Matthieu. "Coordination chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes substituted by alkylfluorényl groups : weak interactions, steric effets, catalysis". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF010/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with a series of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHCs) in which the N atoms bear expanded alkylfluorenyl (AF) substituents. Special focus has been put on the steric properties of these new ligands, as well as their influence on catalytic reactions involving Pd and Cu centres.The first part of this work describes the synthesis of a series of AF-substituted azolium salts suitable for the preparation of palladium PEPPSI-NHC complexes. These turned out to be very active in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions between para-substituted aryl chlorides and arylboronic acids. Structural and NMR studies revealed that in all the complexes, the NHC ligand displays a "bimodal pincer" type behaviour, that is functions as a tridentate ligand bound to the metal through both covalent and non covalent bonds, the former involving the carbenic C atom, the latter CH atoms of the wingtips.In the second part of the study, a series of linear [AuCl(NHC)] and [CuCl(NHC)] complexes were prepared. In some of them were observed weak CH•••M interactions involving the alkyl chains fixing the metal centre in a position below the NHC ring plane. This leads to an unusual coordination of the ligand able to freeze out the movement of the metal centre during its natural oscillation about the M-carbene axis.In the last part of this thesis, one of the [CuCl(NHC)] complexes synthesised was shown to be highly efficient in the catalytic hydrosilylation of functionalised/sterically crowded aldehydes and ketones (TONs up to 1000). Its high stability was attributed to the variable encumbrance of the ligand
Thomasset, Amélia. "Synthèse de carbènes N-hétérocycliques chiraux et applications en catalyse asymétrique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070636.
Texto completoUlm, Franck. "Synthèse et applications de complexes de nickel(II) pour l’optimisation et la compréhension des réactions d’hydrofonctionnalisation et d’activation C–H". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF043.
Texto completoThe first study showed that among several half sandwich nickel complexes, [NiCp*Cl(IMes)] was the most active pre-catalyst for the hydroboration of styrene derivatives but also that the nature of the borane had a great influence on the addition regioselectivity. With optimized conditions in hand, we examined the scope of the reaction with HBPin and HBCat. In addition, mechanistic studies and isolation of a Ni(I) specie allowed us to propose a mechanism that takes all the previous results into account. The second study highlighted the good performances of (2-C,S)-[NiCp{Bn-NHC-(CH2)2-StBu}](PF6) for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones, confirming the concept of hemilability. This study has also been completed by the synthesis and the evaluation of the performance for the same reaction of (2-C,N)-[NiCp{Mes-NHC-CH2-Py}](Br) bearing a picolyl group that is apparently more coordinant than a sulfur group. Finally, the last study has been oriented toward the cyclonickelation of the dmba and the 2-phenylpyridine by means of AMLA/CMD mechanism already known with palladium
Benhamou, Laure. "Ligands carbènes N-hétérocycliques : de la complexation sur le ruthenium(0) aux carbènes anioniques". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1189/.
Texto completoThis work concerns the use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands or as active species in catalysis. The first part deals with the chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes and their imidazolium precursors with the ruthenium(0) complex Ru(CO)2(PPh3)3 (Roper’s complex). We have shown that these reactions need to be chelation-assisted and the nature of directing group is determinant. It results that the C-H activation in position 2 of the imidazolium salt by the Ru(0) complex occurs only with a precoordinated homoallylic arm on one nitrogen and gives a Ru(II)-alkyl complex with a five-membered metallacycle. A Ru(0)-NHC complex has also been prepared by reaction of the NHC-olefin ligand and the Roper’s complex. The reactivity of this Ru(0)-NHC-olefin complex with acids allowed the observation of intermediates involved in the isomerisation process of the olefinic arm which ultimately led to the five membered metallacycle. The second part of this work focuses on the study of a new five-membered anionic NHC, the imidazol-2-ylidene-4-olate. First, we have developed an easy synthetic method to prepare the imidazolium precursor of this carbene and we have studied its reactivity with electrophiles. Then, we have studied the coordination chemistry of the anionic carbene. In particular we have found a way to functionalize the enolate moiety after complexation on a metal center. According to this method we have synthesized several M-NHC complexes (M = Rh, Cu) with different functional groups on the backbone of the heterocycle. These modifications were found to have a deep influence on the electronic properties of the ligand
Phung, Quang Linh. "Synthèse de ligands chiraux de type phosphine-phosphite et phosphine-carbène N-hétérocyclique pour la catalyse asymétrique". Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES033.
Texto completoCatalytic asymmetric synthesis using organometallic reagents has become one of the most active areas of research in modern organic synthesis. To achieve the highest levels of reactivity and selectivity in catalytic enantioselective reactions, several reactions parameters must be optimized. Among them, the selection and design of the chiral ligand is perhaps the most crucial step. We have developed two families of bidentate ligands : phosphine-phosphite and phosphine N-heterocyclic carbene. These two series of ligands have a chiral center to the α-position next to the phosphine moiety. This stereogenic α-position could be of great importance since the phosphorus atom is directly associated with the transition metal in the asymmetric reaction. Phosphine-phosphite ligands were tested in the Rh-catayzed asymmetric hydrogenation (ee up to 84%) and hydroformylation (no asymmetric induction). Phosphine N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were tested in the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and hydrosilylation (no asymmetric induction), and with promising results in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Blanc, Romain. "Organocatalyse par des carbènes N-hétérocycliques : application à la synthèse d’organoétains fonctionnels". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30034.
Texto completoA new reaction of Bu3Sn-SiMe3 addition, organocatalysed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) onto aromatic, aliphatic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to obtain α-silyloxyalkylstannanes and γ-silyloxyallylstannanes was studied. This new reaction of transfer of trimethylsilyltributylstannane organocatalysed by NHCs was first realized on variously substituted aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. This reaction, tolerant towards numerous functions, led with excellent conversions to the expected α-silyloxyalkylstannanes. This methodology was then applied to α,β-insatured aldehydes. A significant number of Michael adducts whose configuration of the enol silyl was totally controlled was obtained. As possible application, a “one pot” sequence, addition of Bu3Sn-SiMe3 followed by retro-brook or allylstannation was then undertaken from α-silyloxyalkylstannanes or from γ-silyloxyallylstannanes. During this study, a new organocatalytic property of NHCs for the allylic double bond isomerization was discovered
Asila, Victoire. "Syntheses of N-Heterocyclic carbenes-stabilized metallic nanoclusters and nanoparticles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS087.pdf.
Texto completoIn this work we developed a new synthesis of phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs)-stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) through the reduction of AuClPPh3 by NaBH4 in the presence of imidazolium salts as NHC precursors. The samples were characterized by various techniques, especially electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Most of the nanoclusters which were obtained are stabilized by PPh3. However, a very stable Au11(PPh3)7(NHC)Br2+ nanocluster was synthesized. The follow-up of the aging of the samples by ESI-MS showed the evolution of the composition of the suspensions over time. Less stable nanocluster structures did not remain in suspension with aging. Then, a second synthesis was performed by reduction of HAuCl4.3H2O by NaBH4 in the presence of imidazolium salts as NHC precursors and NaH as base. Gold nanoclusters stabilized by NHCs were obtained with different gold nuclearities. A strong effect of the NHC ligand on the nature of the obtained nanoclusters was revealed. Synthesis with the imidazolium salt 1,3-didodecylimidazoliumbromide (C12-Br) allowed the formation of very stable [Au13(C12)9Br3]2+ nanocluster. Finally, the synthesis of Ag2S nanoparticles stabilized by water-soluble NHCs has been reported. A silver-NHC complex was synthesized and then placed in the presence of an S2- source. The synthesis by microwave heating gave promising results since Ag2S nanoparticles emitting in the second infrared window was demonstrated. Indeed, this is the window of transparency of biological tissues which is of interest for biological applications
Guitet, Maxime. "Fonctionnalisation des cols primaire et secondaire de l’alpha-cyclodextrine et études de complexes NHC-cyclodextrines-métaux". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066507.
Texto completoTwo aspects of the cyclodextrins (CDs) chemistry were studied. On one hand two new methods of functionalization were developed. First using iodine and triethylsilane the 3 position of polybenzylated CDs could be selectively deprotected. Second, based on the known DIBAL-H reactivity in the lab and preventing the AD reactivity, an unprecedented ACE triol was obtained. A kinetic study enlightened the mechanism, showing the existence of two intermediate diols converging to the triol. Furthermore, this strategy was combined to the known tandem debenzylation/azido reduction to afford deoxy amino-diols CDs. On the other hand, CD-NHC-Metals (NHC=N-Heterocyclic Carbene) hybrid complexes were synthesized. Two NHCs were introduced on A and D positions of the primary rim of perbenzylated and permethylated α-CDs and the corresponding PdII complexes prepared. These complexes were used in Suzuki cross-coupling. Then, after capping the CD in AD with a NHC, the AgI, CuI and AuI complexes were obtainded. A structural study evidenced the position of the metal inside the cavity, inducing original C-H…M, C-H…X et π…X interactions, confirmed by ligand exchange experiments. Finally, the gold complex show good activity in cycloisomerisation, even affording enantioselectivity
Passays, Johan. "Nouveaux ligands mixtes de type phosphore / carbène N-hétérocyclique : synthèse et applications en catalyse asymétrique". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAM0008.
Texto completoA straightforward method for the preparation of new bidentate ligands containing aphosphine or a phosphite and a carbene function was developed. Different phosphorus-imidazolium compounds were prepared according to this method. First, diphenylphosphine-NHC ligands featuring a stereogenic center a to the phosphine were synthesized from b-hydroxyesters. This strategy was then extended to the preparation of phosphite-imidazoliumand dialkylphosphine-imidazolium compounds. Complexation of these phosphorus-NHCligands with different metals like Ir or Rh was performed in order to study there catalytic properties in asymmetric hydrogenation
Morvan, Didier. "Synthèses de sels d'imidazolium fonctionnalisés précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques et applications en chimie organométallique". Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2020.
Texto completoImidazolium salts have singular chemical properties and are widely used in organic or organometallic chemistry. This organic salt which has been employed as an excellent Nheterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor. N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands are widely used in organometallic chemistry for its well-known σ-donor properties and interestingly the incorporation of functionality is possible on the nitrogen atoms. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we developed, following a methodologic approach, the synthesis of functionalised imidazolium salts. New methods or simplified methods have been identified to produce imidazolium salts with a wide range of fonctions. The second aspect of this PhD thesis, has concern the exploration of the coordination properties of the new functionalised imidazolium salt, to design models of hydrogenase (hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reduction of protons to dihydrogen at very high rates) and to study the hemilability of these new ligands on rhodium complexes
Ren, Xiaoyu. "Synthèse et réactivité de complexes métalliques porteurs de ligands carbéniques N-hétérocycliques fonctionnels". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF081/document.
Texto completoPotentially bidentate hybrid ligands (containing a NHC donor associated with an ether or an amine) and tridentate NCN pincer-type ligands (containing a central NHC donor flancked by two chemically-different nitrogen donors (Nimine and Namine)) have been prepared and used for coordination to transition metals, such as Ni, Cr, Cu, Ir. The influence of the length of the alkyl chain, -(CH2)2- or -(CH2)3- connecting the ether or the amine group to the heterocycle NHC was examined. In order to have access to the transition metal complexes, several methodologies were adopted: a) deprotonation of the corresponding imidazolium salts followed by addition of transition metal precursors; b) transmetalation from NHC silver complexes; c) oxidative-addition reaction of Ni(0) with imidazolium salts or the corresponding protonated salts. A series of Ni(II), Cr(III) complexes were tested in the catalytic ethylene oligomerization reaction