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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Carbène N-hétérocycliques"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Carbène N-hétérocycliques"
Brousses, Rémy. "Études structurales de carbènes de Fischer et de complexes carbéniques N-hétérocycliques par diffraction des rayons X à haute résolution". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2256/.
Texto completoHigh resolution X-ray diffraction analyses enable the experimental determination of the charge density distribution within compounds. In this context, we have investigated the structure of Fischer carbenes and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) complexes of the first-row transition metals series, Mn(I) and Fe(II). At first, on the basis of the high-resolution structural analysis of the MeCp(CO)2Mn=C(Me)OEt complex, we will show that non-covalent interactions between the ethoxy substituent of the carbene ligand and the carbonyl ligands are responsible of the conformation of the Mn(I) piano-stool alkylalkoxy carbene complexes. Analysis of the Cp(CO)2Mn=C(Ph)OC6H2Cl3-2,4,6 complex revealed the existence of a non-covalent interaction between the aryl substituent and the proximal carbonyl group. We will show that, beyond its incidence on the conformation of the complexes, this type of interaction also induces a red-shift of the IR ?CO frequencies of the carbonyl ligand and as a consequence, modifies their response relative the electron-donicity of the ancillary ligands. Then, we were prompted to extend these studies to Mn(I) and Fe(II) NHC piano-stool complexes of the type Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) and Cp(CO)2Fe(NHC). We will show that a non-covalent interaction between the aryl substituent of the NHC ligand and the proximal carbonyl group also occurs in this type of complexes. In the last part, we will focus on the synthesis and the structural characterization of Mn(II) NHC complexes resulting from the one-electron oxidation of the Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) complexes cited above. These radical complexes appeared to be stable and one of them could be analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction
Gojon, Sophie. "Carbènes N-hétérocycliques : nouvelle méthode de synthèse et activité catalytique pour la réticulation de silicone". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30321.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to study the synthesis of N-heterocyclic (NHCs) and their catalytic activity toward silicone elastomer formation
Forcher, Gwénaël. "Vers la synthèse de carbènes N-hétérocycliques chiraux". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019677.
Texto completoWolf, Joffrey. "Préparation de précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques bidentes, étude de leur complexation et catalyse". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168421.
Texto completostabilité et très actif en comparaison à d'autres ligands.
Les récents travaux sur la synthèse de ligands bidentes comportant un NHC et un groupement azoté coordonnant, puis de complexes de palladium, rhodium et iridium très actifs en catalyse, nous ont orientés vers la préparation de ligands analogues avec des hétéroatomes différents.
Dans cette thématique nouvellement développée au sein de notre équipe, nous avons mis au point deux méthodes de synthèse originales donnant accès à de nouveaux précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques, composés d'un groupement imidazolium et d'un second groupement
coordonnant qui sera soit une phosphine, soit un thioéther.
L'étude de ces ligands a permis de développer une chimie de coordination riche avec Ni, Pd, Rh, Ru et Ir. Ainsi, quatre modes de coordination ont été mis en évidence : soit une monocoordination de l'hétéroatome ou du NHC, soit une double coordination de l'hétéroatome et du carbène Nhétérocylique selon des modes dit « normal » ou « anormal ». Nos études ont montré que le mode de coordination adopté par les ligands dépendait des conditions expérimentales, de la réactivité du métal et de son affinité pour l'hétéroatome.
L'obtention de tels complexes a permis d'effectuer quelques tests préliminaires en hydrosilylation et hydrogénation avec le rhodium(I). Une étude approfondie de la réaction de couplage d'un organomagnésien et d'un halogénure d'aryle (réaction de Kumada-Corriu-Tamao) a été menée avec les complexes du nickel(II).
Ling, Xiang. "N-heterocyclic carbenes coated nanocrystals and supracrystals". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066334/document.
Texto completoNanomaterials have received extraordinary attention owing to their unique properties, strongly associated to their nanoscale dimensions. In particular, noble metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit particular mechanical, electronic, optical and magnetic properties and present a high potential for developing applications in many domains with important societal impacts. Due to their higher stability by comparison with other metal-based nanoparticles, Au NPs have been extensively investigated for research in nanotechnology. In the last decades, N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as an essential class of neutral ligands in organometallic chemistry. NHCs are characterized by their high synthetic flexibility, their specific geometry, and a very strong metalCcarbene bond in metal complexes. All these properties have been widely studied and exploited for applications in homogeneous catalysis and for the development of biologically active complexes. By comparison, the use of NHCs in nanomaterials remains largely unexplored. In this work, the potential of NHC ligands in the field of nanomaterials, as coating agents for gold nanocrystals synthesis, stabilization and self-assembly into supracrystals has been explored. First, well-defined silver and gold–NHC complexes with different well-known NHC ligands are investigated for their relevance to generate stable nanocrystals (NCs) under reductive conditions with a good control of nanocrystals size. We demonstrate that both Au and Ag NCs can be formed by reduction of metal-NHC complexes with amine-boranes. The efficiency of the process and the average size and size distribution of the nanocrystals markedly depends on the structure of the NHC ligand. However, we demonstrate in this part that different pathways are involved to generate nanocrystals from Au or Ag precursors, as a specific reaction is observed between Ag-NHCs and thiols leading to the formation of silver thiolates whereas the corresponding Au-NHCs remain unchanged
Aupoix, Audrey. "Les sels d'azolium précurseurs de carbène N-hétérocycliques : synthèse et applications en catalyse". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112320.
Texto completoThis work deals with, at first, the development of a new methodology for the synthesis of azolium and pyridinium ionic liquids, using solvent-free microwave activation conditions. The azolium salts, precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes, were tested as pre-catalysts in the benzoin condensation reaction and Stetter reaction. Good yields were obtained in short reaction times. Secondly, chiral azolium salts as NHC precursors, were synthesized, from (S)-pyroglutamic acid and isosorbide, for asymmetric catalysis applications. Several azolium salts were prepared in 4 or 6 steps in good overall yields. Some different chiral salts synthesized were tested as pre-catalysts in the asymmetric benzoin condensation and Stetter reaction. However, only low enantioselectivities were obtained. The salts derived from (S)-pyroglutamic acid were also used as NHC precursors in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Good enantioselectivities up to 90% were observed. The arylation of aromatic aldehydes was also studied. The complexes formed showed good catalytic activities but didn't lead to any enantioselectivities
Cassirame, Bénédicte. "Couplages C-C utilisant des triarylbismuthines catalysés par le PEPPSI". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1116.
Texto completoMetallocatalysed crosscoupling reactions have been highlighted by the attribution of the 2010 Nobel Chemistry Price since they allow CC bond formation when classical SN1 or SN2 do not permit it. Furthermore, they give access to many pharmaceutics and agronomic compounds but also molecules used for their supramolecular properties. Nowadays, reactions are really efficient but reactants are not always readily accessible and can't be classified as green reagents. Since all its atoms act over the catalytic process and because they are not considered as toxic so far, triarylbismuthines may be a good alternative to circumvent the limitation described above. However, they suffer a main drawback, their reductive dimerisation. In order to avoid this side-reaction, a new greenest process has been developed on a benchmark reaction based on PEPPSI, an NHC/Pd catalyst. These conditions gave usually excellent yields, either for the biaryle or heterobiaryle crosscoupling reaction. The range of substituents is really wide on the aryle halide moiety but slightly more limited on the triarylbismuthine reagents. Then, this catalytic process has been applied without modification to an elimination/crosscoupling domino reaction. A GC/MS and 13C NMR supported comparative kinetic study showed that a 2nd order elimination take place before the C-C bond formation. Fluoride anion and triarylbismuthine act together. Therefore triarylbismuthine play a dual role: base and aryl transfer reagent. This mechanism study led to chimioselective reactions that allow many paths for the synthesis of Ar-Ar-C C-Ar containing compounds with a good control on geometry of this highly conjugated structure. This catalytic process allows also bromocoumarine C-Br bond activation. Thus, crosscoupling may be selectively performed at the 3-, 4- or 6- position of coumarines. The reactivity order difference of these positions even allow hightly selective mono crosscoupling reaction on 3,4- or 3,6-dibromocoumarines for further biological application. To conclude, our PEPPSI based greenest process avoid the dimerisation of bismuthines and give easy access to many compounds of great interest either for their biological or physical properties
Guernon, Hannah. "Développement d'une nouvelle famille de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques anioniques basés sur les Ylures de N-iminoimidazolium". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6585.
Texto completoMarrot, Sébastien. "Carbènes N-Hétérocycliques : Des catalyseurs en chimie des silicones. Carbodiphosphoranes cycliques : Synthèse, coordination et réactivité". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30037.
Texto completoIn a first chapter, we are interested in the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes like nucleophilic organic catalysts for ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclosiloxane and for reactions of polycondensation. In a second chapter, we carry out a bibliographical review on compounds presenting two cumulated ylides functions : carbodiphosphoranes. In a third chapter, we present the synthesis and the coordination of new cyclic carbodiphosphoranes. They are recognized to be strong s-donor ligands for transition metals. In a fourth chapter, we study the thermolysis of one of these compounds which leads by rearrangement to the formation of a 1,2l5-azaphosphète. A theoretical study highlights an inter-conversion between carbodiphosphoranes and disphosphinocarbenes
Hippolyte, Laura. "New syntheses of N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized gold nanoparticles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS148.pdf.
Texto completoOver the past decade, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have drawn considerable interest in the field of materials chemistry. Indeed, this relatively new class of ligands forms strong bonds with a wide range of metals and their structures and electronic properties can be tuned “at-will” through organic synthesis. This strong bond is of particular interest for gold nanoparticles. Indeed, gold nanoparticles have many potential applications, for example in sensors, catalysis or medicine, but those potential applications are sometimes hindered by a lack of stability of the surface ligand. A few syntheses of NHC-stabilized gold nanoparticles have already been described in the literature but each presents their own set of drawbacks. This thesis work has focused on the development of new syntheses of NHC-stabilized gold nanoparticles. First, by revisiting a literature procedure starting from imidazolium salts, we managed to develop a one-pot synthesis starting only from commercially available AuCl, NaBH4 and easily synthesized imidazolium salts. A totally new synthesis was developed using NHC-boranes, which are stable Lewis adducts. Here, we reported for the first time their use as a 2-in-1 reagent, able to reduce the metallic precursor and provide the nanoparticles stabilizing ligands. Finally, we are the first to report a synthesis of gold nanoparticles stabilized by mesoionic carbenes (MIC). MICs are a sub-class of NHCs synthesized by well-known “click-chemistry”, which present unique electronic properties. Throughout this work, special care was taken to characterize the nanoparticles, notably by XPS