Tesis sobre el tema "Caractérisation des matériaux (chimie)"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Caractérisation des matériaux (chimie)".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Zapata-Massot, Céline. "Synthèse de matériaux composites par co-broyage en voie sèche. Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usages des matériaux". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7699/1/zapata_massot.pdf.
Texto completoChampagne, Amélie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux dérivés de la polyaniline". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28424/28424.pdf.
Texto completoLoiseau, Anthony. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites modèles laponite/polyoxyde d'éthylène". Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1026.pdf.
Texto completoThis aim of this thesis is to elaborate and characterize model nanocomposites based on Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and particles of Laponite, a synthetic clay. The elaboration brought in a new mode of preparation, based on a compatibilisation of the particles in aqueous phase, before melt mixing. Rheological studies as well as X-ray analyses have shown the efficiency of the compatibilisation concept. The best dispersion (up to individual particles) was obtained with a saturated coverage of end grafted polymer chains onto the surface of the Laponite particles. The origin of the melt elasticity has been attributed to various factors depending on the molecular weight of the matrix chains. For moderated molecular weights, the elastic character is ascribed to the formation of a network of dispersed particles, whereas contributions of chain confinement or chain bridging between particles are present with higher molecular weight matrices. Thermal analyses were performed in order to understand the effect of the Laponite particles on the crystallization of PEO chains. A non-nucleating behavior was concluded, and was proved by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR and Raman). Indeed, a layer of amorphous polymer was detected onto over the surface of the particles explaining the inhibition of the nucleating effect, often seen with nanoclays
Engel, Robert. "Mélanges bitumes-polymères : préparation, caractérisation et étude de leur stabilité". Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULHA005.
Texto completoParein, Thibault. "Synthèse de nanocharges thermoélectriques, mise en œuvre et caractérisation de nanocomposites thermoélectriques". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2005.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to elaborate polymer/thermoelectric fillers composites, in order to help solving the weight, scarcity of the precursors and cost problems of thermoelectric massive materials. Firstly, polymer/bismuth telluride composites have been processed by a micro-extrusion and injection molding process, from micrometric particles. The possibility of obtaining conductive composites by this process has been demonstrated, nevertheless the percolation thresholds of the composites remain high. Secondly, in order to solve this problem, composites have been elaborated from immiscible co-continuous polymer blends. A significant reduction of the percolation threshold has been obtained, due to the selective localization of the fillers into one of the polymer phases. Finally, the elaboration of nanocomposites has also been investigated in order to lower the percolation threshold of the composites. A simple and low-cost synthesis procedure for thermoelectric bismuth telluride nanoparticles has been developed and polymer/bismuth telluride nanocomposites have been processed by micro-extrusion. The characterization of the elaborated nanocomposites has shown a dramatic decrease of the percolation threshold, allowing the limitation of the amount of particles used to get conductive composites, as their overall weight
Gagnon-Thibault, Évelyne. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux pour le stockage d'hydrogène". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29167/29167.pdf.
Texto completoDoeuff, Martine. "Matériaux lamellaires MPS ₃ (M = Mn, Cd, Fe, Ni) et chimie de coordination : caractérisation structurale et propriétés de nouveaux composés obtenus par chimie douce". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112037.
Texto completoLarcher, Dominique. "Nouvelles voies de synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux d'électrodes positives pour accumulateurs au lithium". Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0118.
Texto completoCeausescu-Ersen, Elena Alina. "Application de la technique d'émission acoustique à la caractérisation de matériaux céramiques évolutifs". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f8093c9b-c946-42b9-b46b-605c5f162195/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0029.pdf.
Texto completoThe acoustic emission is a non-destructive characterization technique usually applied for to monitoring the damage of materials submitted to mechanical stress. This thesis work presents the application of this technique to the study of evolving systems, in the absence of any external mechanic tension. The report begins with the presentation of this technique as well as its applications listed in the literature. The first results concern the monitoring of the calcium aluminate cement hydration phenomenon during the first hours (early age). The phenomena of growth and friction between the aluminium and calcium hydrates lead to a considerable acoustic activity. In the second time, we present the hydration of gypsum alone or in the presence of a retarding additive, which can be adsorbed at the surface of gypsum. We show that this technique is very sensitive to the surface adsorption phenomenon. Lastly, the report ends with the presentation of the studies on water adsorption or drying phenomena in a porous ceramic to which the acoustic emission is also sensitive
Llàcer, Martínez Jaume. "Matériaux pérovskites hybrides : caractérisation des propriétés électroniques et stabilité à l’échelle nanométrique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I062.
Texto completoGlobal warming is one of the main concerns in our society nowadays, year after year the impact and consequences are becoming more visible. The Paris agreement set a target to limit the CO2 emission, which is mainly caused from the increasing demand for energy based on fossil fuels. Since then, the scientific community has increased their efforts on looking for clean energy sources such as renewable energies. In this regard, solar energy is meant to be one of the main energy sources that could replace fossil fuels. Therefore, photovoltaic technologies have evolved tremendously and, organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials have been one of the technologies with the fastest growth in solar cell performance. Perovskite materials possess unique properties such as flexibility, low-cost and ease to manufacture. Nonetheless, there are still some issues regarding their stability against atmospheric conditions that need to be understood. This dissertation focuses on the characterization of the electrical properties at the nanoscale of perovskite-based thin films by means of scanning probe microscopies (Conducting AFM, Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, and Scanning Microwave Microscopy).In this growing field of research, many perovskite structures, deposition methods, and synthesis routes have been developed and introduced in perovskite-based solar cells. In the first part of this dissertation, the context of perovskite materials is detailed and the methodology used through the thesis is also described. Then, we study and compare the electronic properties at the surface of perovskite materials synthesized following two different routes. Moreover, it is known that device engineering can increase both, the performance, and the stability of perovskite solar cells. In a second part if the thesis, we show that for a given perovskite structure, the stability upon exposure to controlled small amounts of water can be significantly improved through the synthesis optimization. Finally, we provide a series of conclusions and perspectives that could help to further understand the perovskite behaviour at the local scale and to improve the cell performances
Rondeau-Gagné, Simon. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux de type n pour applications en dispositifs photovoltaïques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27138/27138.pdf.
Texto completoVittoz, Pierre-François. "Valorisation de bioressources dans des matériaux catalytiques organométalliques : préparation, caractérisation et applications en catalyse". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2006.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to prepare from two marine polysaccharides, alginate and chitosan, different types of materials for the supported ionic liquid phase catalysis technology (Bio-SILCs materials). Two immobilization ways of the ionic liquid phase on the biopolymer supports were investigated: (i) one by encapsulating the ionic liquid phase, containing a homogeneous catalyst, within a biopolymer matrix; (ii) one using a sol-gel process, leading to materials named ionogels. Special attention was given to the characterization of the Bio-SILCs materials using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The catalytic materials were applied to (i) the Pd-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost reaction and (ii) the Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis. Catalytic performance and recyclability of the Bio-SILCs materials were studied in both reactions. The characterization of the Bio-SILCs materials, related to the catalytic studies, enabled to define the best experimental conditions leading to efficient catalytic materials
Dourdain, Sandrine. "Caractérisation structurale, poreuse et mécanique de films minces de silice mésoporeuse : influence de la fonctionnalisation". Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1020.pdf.
Texto completoThis work dealt with the synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica thin films. The synthesis uses the surfactant self-assembly route in order to template a silica gel. Hybrid thin films presenting a high degree of organization at the nanometer scale are obtained. Then the surfactant removal leads to materials of organized and tailored porosities and of large surface areas. Different synthesis parameters have been investigated. In situ measurements carried out by X ray Reflectivity (XR) and Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) have evidenced the major role played by the relative humidity. Some surfactant removal methods by ethanol rinsing have also been tested, with the intent to empty the mesopores without collapsing the mesostructured films. Based on the complete analysis of the reflectivity curves, a new method to determine the porosity of thin films has been developed. In combination with GISAXS experiments the pore and wall sizes, the surface area of the films and their pore distortion were obtained. The mesopores have a perfect size to promote the capillary condensation of water at ambient relative humidity. As the electron density contrast decreases strongly when water infiltrates the mesopores, the XR and GISAXS techniques have permitted to monitor by different ways the adsorption and the desorption of water in the porous network. The pore size distribution and porosity were estimated from the analysis of isotherms. Looking at the direct film structure deformation during the humidity cycles, some mechanical properties have also been investigated yielding the quantitative determination of the Young Modulus. Finally, this thesis was concluded by the study of the mesoporous films functionalisation. Different kinds of chemical functions have been grafted at the surface of mesopore with the aim to modify their hydrophilicity or their chemical reactivity
Siberchicot, Bruno. "Caractérisation physique et chimique de nouveaux matériaux particulaires dérivés de Fe₄N pour l'enregistrement magnétique de haute densité". Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10586.
Texto completoCros, Hervé. "Caractérisation morphologique des microstructures de matériaux cimentaires par analyse d'images". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30190.
Texto completoDeligey, Fabien. "Caractérisation RMN de matériaux hybrides pour l’encapsulation de principes actifs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0093.
Texto completoNowadays, a way of developing novel medicinal compounds focuses on confinement of known active molecules inside nanoparticles. Therefore, hybrid materials emerge, exhibiting new properties related to nano-confinement. This work relies on the sensibility of solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SS-NMR) towards molecular scale phenomena in order to perform structural and dynamical analysis of two delivery systems. They are modulated by the influence of residual solvent molecules (H2O). Temperature and hydration ranges are identified, for which the complex stays associated, although it is in a liquid-like state. Toward the limit of water absence, movement restrictions of the confined complexes are elucidated by characterizing dipolar host / guest interactions. The second system combines a double vectorization of hydrophobic curcumin molecules inside solid lipid nanoparticles, encapsulated inside a silica matrix (SBA-15). A joint SS-NMR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) characterization strategy is put in place. The results show that other factors than compartmentalization (polymorphism, molecular dynamics of host compounds) should also be taken into account to understand the properties of these very heterogeneous materials. Despite resorting to the latest NMR instrumentation (1GHz spectrometer, 1.3mm MAS probehead), presence of the active ingredient is only detected inside the surfactant compartment. These results allow making new assumptions for the distribution of curcumin inside the material while showing the limits of an NMR approach relying solely on the study of 1H nuclei
El, Khokh Norddine. "Synthèse, réactivité et caractérisation de précurseurs moléculaires de matériaux de haute pureté : alcoxydes des terres rares (lanthane, cérium) et du cuivre (II)". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4392.
Texto completoDidane, Nizar. "Elaboration et caractérisation fonctionnelle de matériaux polymères intumescents : application aux textiles de recouvrement". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10062/document.
Texto completoThis work is dealing with the development of fire resistant covering textiles for railway field. It particularly concerns the improvement of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fire properties by melt blending fire retardants. Based on literature, a synergistic blend of additives has been selected (zinc phosphinates and OctaMethyl POSS nanofillers) and processed into PET multifilaments with 10% of loading content. Other fire resistant systems combining zinc or aluminium phosphinates with different POSS has been also studied. The developed materials showed distinct fire behaviours which could be related in one hand, to the released species of POSS through thermal degradation and on the other hand, to reactions between POSS and the metal element on the phosphorus-containing agent. The elaboration of highly loaded multifilaments (20 wt.%) has been studied with zinc or aluminium phosphinates which are respectively fusible and infusible. Rheological modifications occurred when fillers are added to PET and incorporation of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) diminished the observed phenomena. Works on textile fire retardancy by fibres blending or back coating has been led and gave interesting results. Compatibility and dispersion state of fillers on polymer and their impact on the fibrous materials physical properties has been also studied
Serin, Virginie. "Caractérisation d'éléments de matériaux composites, fibres de carbone et nitrure de bore en microscopie électronique". Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30043.
Texto completoBeji, Zyed. "Synthèse par chimie douce et caractérisation de poudres et de films nanocristallins de ferrites mixtes de Ni - Zn : études des propriétés magnétiques statiques". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077203.
Texto completoNi-Zn soft ferrite thin films are promising materials for many applications in the hyperfrequency field. The preparation of nanocristalline films based on these materials and the comprehension of their static magnetic properties related to their structure and microstructure are primordial to control their dynamic magnetic properties and consequently, to integrale them, in an optimized way, as miniaturized devices. Ni₁₋xZnxFe₂O₄ powder and films have been prepared by the polyol method. Synthesis optimization allowed us to have fine and monodispersed nanoparticles. Films of micrometric thickness were obtained as well. Nanocristalline film structure was confirmed by X ray diffraction and also by transmission electronic microscopy. EXAFS and Mössbauer experiments conducted on the as-produced powders and films show that their structure is different from the thermodynamically stable one. Magnetic studies of the powder and the Ni ₁₋xZnxFe₂O₄ films showed that they present a superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. While powder magnetization was relatively high and close to bulk materials, film magnetization was low. This behavior was due to the film densification with interface formation between the nanocristals (such as grain boundaries) and also to the installation of cooperative phenomena. Our study proved that the thermal treatment does not take part in the improvement of the film magnetic properties
Morvan, Myriame. "Caractérisation des odeurs de matériaux de l'habitacle automobile par "nez électronique", analyse sensorielle et analyse physico-chimique". Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT026G.
Texto completoGiljean, Sylvain. "Caractérisation Multi-Échelles de la Rugosité de Matériaux Métalliques à Usage Biomédical : Effet sur la Mouillabilité et l'Adhésion de Cellules Osseuses". Mulhouse, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MULH0888.
Texto completoThis work aims to characterize the topography of metallic biomaterials (stainless steel, pure titanium and titanium alloy) by using a tactile profilometer and powerful mathematical treatments. The samples topography is obtained either by grinding with different paper grades or by electroerosion. The roughness effect on wettability, evaluated by goniometry, and the roughness effect on human bone cell behaviour, determined by image analyses, is statistically evaluated by calculating the relevance of 101 roughness parameters at different scales from 0. 2 m to 5 mm. The major conclusion is that the evaluation of the rouglmess by the Ra parameter at only one scale, arbitrarily chosen, is insufficient to understand the roughness effect. Roughness must be defined by amplitude, frequency, hybrid and fractal parameters and the evaluation length must be adapted to the size of the studied element
Silvert, Pierre-Yves. "Préparation et caractérisation de poudres de métaux précieux obtenues par le procédé polyol". Amiens, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AMIE0107.
Texto completoDeligey, Fabien. "Caractérisation RMN de matériaux hybrides pour l’encapsulation de principes actifs". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0093/document.
Texto completoNowadays, a way of developing novel medicinal compounds focuses on confinement of known active molecules inside nanoparticles. Therefore, hybrid materials emerge, exhibiting new properties related to nano-confinement. This work relies on the sensibility of solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SS-NMR) towards molecular scale phenomena in order to perform structural and dynamical analysis of two delivery systems. They are modulated by the influence of residual solvent molecules (H2O). Temperature and hydration ranges are identified, for which the complex stays associated, although it is in a liquid-like state. Toward the limit of water absence, movement restrictions of the confined complexes are elucidated by characterizing dipolar host / guest interactions. The second system combines a double vectorization of hydrophobic curcumin molecules inside solid lipid nanoparticles, encapsulated inside a silica matrix (SBA-15). A joint SS-NMR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) characterization strategy is put in place. The results show that other factors than compartmentalization (polymorphism, molecular dynamics of host compounds) should also be taken into account to understand the properties of these very heterogeneous materials. Despite resorting to the latest NMR instrumentation (1GHz spectrometer, 1.3mm MAS probehead), presence of the active ingredient is only detected inside the surfactant compartment. These results allow making new assumptions for the distribution of curcumin inside the material while showing the limits of an NMR approach relying solely on the study of 1H nuclei
Ciaravino, Célestine. "Elaboration de céramiques à partir de minerais de tungstène, niobium et tantale, caractérisation et propriétés". Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0001.
Texto completoMailley, Sophie. "Caractérisation électrochimique de nouveaux matériaux d'électrode Bi2Ru2O7 et Bi3Ru3O11 : application aux capteurs potentiométriques à oxygène fonctionnant à basses températures". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0159.
Texto completoDubé, David. "Matériaux mésostructurés organosiliciques fonctionnalisés acides synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés catalytiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26195/26195.pdf.
Texto completoThepot, Philippe. "Matériaux hybrides organo-minéraux élaborés à partir de précurseurs moléculaires à liaison Si-C. Caractérisation et réactivité". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20108.
Texto completoHaouas, Adnan. "Comportement au jeune âge des matériaux cimentaires – Caractérisation et modélisation chimio-hydro-mécanique du retrait". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189059.
Texto completoMolina, Émilie. "Matériaux hybrides mésoporeux fonctionnalisés par des polymères : élaboration, caractérisation physico-chimique et applications biomédicales". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0024.
Texto completoMesostructured hybrid materials were prepared by using original silica-structuring agents, which are polyion complex (PIC) micelles. A great advantage of PIC micelles is that they can be reversibly assembled in aqueous solution by varying physico-chemical parameters. PIC micelles are formed by electrostatic complexation between a neutral-anionic double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged agent of micellization; here a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) PEO-b-PAA (synthesized by controlled radical polymerization by atom transfer ATRP) and commercial polyamines (oligochitosan OC or aminoglycoside antibiotics) were respectively used. First, the influence of various parameters (pH, temperature, concentration) on PIC micelle association properties was investigated in aqueous solution. Then, the effect of these parameters on the silica mesostructuring process was studied, it provides a better understanding of the formation mechanisms. It was shown that varying interactions between constituents allows to control the mesostructure (hexagonal, lamellar, wormlike) and the material morphology (nanoparticle, microparticle). Finally, the versatility of the approach has been demonstrated with PEO-b-PAA/aminoglycoside systems. Drug-loaded ordered mesostructured materials were prepared following a one-pot route. Moreover, taking advantage of the high degree of functionality of DHBC polymers and of the reversibility of the micellization, polyacid-functionalized mesoporous materials were directly prepared by selectively extracting the micellization agent. PAA-functionalized silica materials were then used to complex diverse active entities such as drugs, whose delivery could be pH-controlled
Xu, Feina. "Caractérisation, application et modification de membranes échangeuses d'ions en milieu hydro-organique et organique". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20175.
Texto completoAbouab, Nicolas. "Matériaux sandwichs en composites à matrice céramique : réalisation et caractérisation, modélisation du comportement thermo-mécanique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0435.
Texto completoCeramic matrix composites (CMC) are high thermo-mechanical resistant materials with relatively low bulk density. They constitutes then prime materials for aeronautic and aerospace applications. Besides, their stiffness could be even further increased by manufacturing them into sandwich structures. However their great hardness makes them difficult to machine and their processing techniques limit the achievable shape complexity. CMC sandwich structure manufacturing thus requires some specific development. These PhD work therefore constitutes a methodological guide for studying T-shape intersections, here considered as the representative elementary architecture of a sandwich structure made of C/SiC. First of all, different approaches for producing intersections are implemented : by assembling finished plates, by folding and co-densifying pieces of fibre fabric, or by 3D weaving of a single piece preform. The first approach lead to the development of an innovative assembling process by non-reactive infiltration (NoRI). The microstructure and the chemical composition of the resulting joint are analysed by SEM, TEM, EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The T-shape intersections produced according to each of the three approaches are furthermure morphologically characterised and compared through X-ray tomography, optic microscopy and porosimetry. Secondly, mechanical characterisation of the investigated intersections, and their constitutive composites and assembly joints, are conducted at room temperature as well as 1200°C thanks to a specific testing equipment developed during this thesis. Thirdly, two methods of mechanical FE modelling are implemented and tested on the T-shape intersections : a homogeneous method where equivalent properties are identified thanks to testing records, and a meso-informed method using meso-structure data obtained by tomography. Extending theses models into the targeted sandwich structure scale is addressed eventually
Benbertal, Djamal. "Sur de nouvelles méthodes de synthèses de poudres céramiques : élaboration et caractérisation de silicates préparés par chimie douce". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30129.
Texto completoAti, Mohamed. "Synthèse, structures et propriétés des composés LiMSO4F (M = métal 3d) en tant que matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries à ions Li". Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0118.
Texto completoThis thesis has focused on the synthesis and characterization of new fluorosulfates compounds, namely LiMSO4F (M = 3d metals) as a new electrode materials for LIBs through different sustainable synthetic approaches. Among them, LiFeSO4F appears as a serious candidate for positive electrodes. Therefore, we tried, first, to obtain it using different synthesis methods (ionothermal, solvothermale, and solid-state process). Our structural and electrochemical investigations show its nice stability over cycling with attractive performances (3. 6 V vs. Li; Qth = 151 mAh/g). Afterward, our investigations of the other members of this family using other 3d metals (Co, Ni, Mn and Zn) revealed that both LiMnSO4F and LiZnSO4F crystallize in two differents structures namely triplite and sillimanite, respectively. Hence our motivation to study the solid solutions of LiMyFe1-ySO4F based on Mn and Zn. Surprisingly, the LiMyFe1-ySO4F (M = Mn, Zn) triplite type structure show a higher redox potential compare to the two others polymorphs (tavorite and sillimanite) in the range of 3. 9 V vs. Li. To our knowledge, this is the highest redox potential reported for Fe3+/Fe2+, so far. Moreover, these solid solutions powders show a nice stability over cycling with nominal capacities close to the theoretical ones. Thereafter, we prepared LiFeSO4F in the triplite type structure without adding Mn or Zn. The latter shows good electrochemical performances with nice structural stability during cycling. At last, we investigated a non lithied hydoryfluorosulfate compound (FeSO4F1-yOHy) as a new positive electrode material for lithium metal polymer batteries. This material was prepared using a solid-state process at 290°C and the electrochemical measurements show that it has nice performances with a redox potential located between 3. 2 and 3. 58 V vs. Li, as function of the amount of OH in the structure
Ouvrard, Blanche. "Matériaux conducteurs à haute limite d'élasticité dans le système Cu-Mg : élaboration, caractérisation et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926292.
Texto completoPopa, Cristina Liana. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et ultrasonore de matériaux céramiques pour applications biomédicales". Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0022/document.
Texto completoHydroxyapatite is one of the most commonly used material used for treating hard tissue diseases. Zinc is involved in each stage of bone tissue metabolism and a lack of it may determine the onset of osteoporosis. Doping hydroxyapatite with Zn ions may cause an improvement of the hydroxyapatite properties, thus resulting a better material, with enhanced physico-chemical properties. Devices based on collagen and hydroxyapatite inhibit the development of bacterial pathogens, reducing the risk of post-surgical infections. The goal of this thesis was to create new bioceramic materials with specific properties which could allow development of new applications in the medical field. Special attention was paid to the characterization of the physico-chemical and biological properties. In this thesis are reported for the first time non-destructive, ultrasonic spectroscopy studies performed on ceramic solutions. The thesis consists of six chapters, the first two comprised of general aspects, the following three chapters present original experimental results and the last chapter presents general conclusions. The novelty of this study lies in the method of synthesis and characterization of bioceramic materials based on hydroxyapatite for possible biomedical applications. Furthermore, a new non-destructive method of characterization techniques based on ultrasounds is presented. The results presented in this study could create a premises of developing a rapid and effective technique for characterization of ceramic materials, which could be used in the future as a complementary technique widely used on different materials used in the medical field, especially in the orthopedic field
Karaki, Mariam. "Matériaux à porosité contrôlée sulfonés : Synthèse, Caractérisation, Etude des propriétés catalytiques". Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064374.
Texto completoEssoumhi, Abdellatif. "Céramiques conductrices ioniques de type NaSICON : élaboration par chimie douce et caractérisations physico-chimiques". Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0018.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis and characterizations of NaSICON-type ionic conducting ceramics of general formula Na1^xM2->Six. 4,P:. X__. 0:: \vith 1. 8 < x < 2. 2 and 0 < y < x/4. New compositions have been synthesized Tvv:;h complete substitution of zirconium by hathium. Syntheses were made using the sci-gei method; the synthesized precursors have been characterized by coupled TDA-TGA technique. The oxides obtained after precursors pyrolysis were identified using XRD technique. A study of sintering was carried out using dilatometry in order to select the most adapted thermal cycle to these ceramics. After sintering the oxides, the obtained ceramics have been characterized from their electric conductivity point of view. The complex impedance spectroscopy enabled us to differentiate the conductivity related to the grains from the conductivity related to grain boundaries and to reveal the influence of porosity towards total conductivity. The results highlight that these new ceramics conductivity is remarkable, compare to the values of total conductivity at 300K (about 10~4 S. Cm"!) published in the literature for other NaSICON-type materials
Maréchal, William. "Utilisation de méthodes inverses pour la caractérisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP)". Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3014/document.
Texto completoWith the development of intermittent sources of energy and the depletion of fossil fuels, the subject of energy storage is becoming an important topic. One of the studied options is tthe latent hermal storage using of phase change materials (PCM). One application for this type of energy storage is to improve the thermal insulation in buildings. To make the best use of these materials it is necessary to be able to predict their energy behavior. This requires a precise knowledge of their thermophysical properties, first of all of the specific enthalpy function of the material . Currently, it is often suggested to approximate the enthalpy by the direct integration of the thermograms obtained through calorimetry experiments (notion of "equivalent" calorific capacity). This approach is false because thermograms are only a time related representation of complex phenomena where thermal transfers arise in the cell of the calorimeter acting with the thermophysical properties. As a result, for example, the shape of thermograms depends on the heating rate and on the mass of the sample, which is not the case for the enthalpy of the PCM, which depends, at constant pressure, only on the temperature or on the concentration (for the solutions). We propose to compare the results given by a of a numerical direct model with experimental thermograms. The main objective in this thesis is then to use this direct model in an inverse method in order to identify the parameters of the equation of state, which enables us to calculate the specific enthalpy . First of all, the detail of an enthalpy model is presented, and then validated by comparison with experiments, allowing us to reconstruct the thermograms of pure substances or of salt solutions, of which the enthalpies are known. A study of the influence of the various parameters ( , , , .,..) on the shape of thermograms is also undertaken in order to deduce their sensibilities. A reduced model is then developed in order to reduce the calculating time of the direct model. This optimized model allows the use of inverse methods with acceptable durations. Several inverses algorithms are then presented: Levenberg-Marquardt, evolutionary and Simplex which has proved to be the fastest). We shall then apply this algorithm to identify, from calorimetric experiments, the enthalpy function of pure substances or of salt solutions. The results that we obtain show that it is possible to identify a function independent of the heating rate and of the mass, which validates the method. An analysis of the various sources of errors in the identification process and of their influences on the result allows us to estimate the quality of the enthalpy function that we identify
Szczodrowski, Karol. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux siliciques fonctionnalisés à structure et texture contrôlées en tant que modèles pour l'étude de la réactivité interfaciale et l'adsorption de cations métalliques". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20249.
Texto completoThis work deals with the development of model adsorbents for the study of surface reactivity and the adsorption of metal cations at the Solid-Liquid interface. One of the selection criteria for such adsorbents is an adequate surface distribution of the electric charge and its evolution in aqueous media. With this objective in mind, mesoporous silicas (SBA-15) functionalized by the controlled insertion of heteroatom (Al, Zr, Ti) during synthesis were prepared with an effort to select carefully the reagents and to optimize the synthesis and post-treatment conditions (hydrothermal treatment, microwave, pH variation, catalyst use, scaling up of the optimized synthesis). The advanced characterization of these solids (morphology, texture, surface properties) allowed establishing the relationship between the synthesis conditions and the modulation of the properties in the final adsorbents. The characterization methods included the study of the porous network using nitrogen adsorption-desorption, the analysis of the solid structure by X-Ray diffraction and the chemical analysis, as well as the evaluation of the degree of heteroatom insertion, its distribution and the analysis of the nature of surface OH groups with the aid of Raman, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopies. Finally, the adsorption-desorption techniques in conjunction with calorimetry making use of various molecular probes (NH3, Butanol, H+/OH-) in gas and liquid phase provided valuable information about the surface properties. Measurements of the adsorption of ions gave indications for the potential uses of these materials as adsorbents for the liquid waste decontamination
Masson, Cécile. "Caractérisation des films passifs formés sur aciers inoxydables en milieux électrolytiques : modélisation par spectrométrie d'impédance". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10155.
Texto completoCaumont-Potdevin, Audrey. "Synthèse par voie sol-gel et caractérisation de matériaux luminescents nanostructurés applicables dans une nouvelle génération de lampes propres". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718049.
Texto completoTisserand, Raphaël. "Caractérisation de l'endommagement de matériaux apatitiques irradiés aux ions lourds et recuits thermiquement". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008573.
Texto completoFulcheri, Laurent. "Fusion d'un matériau poreux soumis à un flux surfacique intense : application à la caractérisation énergétique d'un réacteur rotatif à source plasma". Perpignan, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PERP0059.
Texto completoDelaunay, Wylliam. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux organophosphorés pour des applications en optoélectronique". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942602.
Texto completoVaysse, Christophe. "Caractérisation structurale d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires contenant des anions oxométallates (Mo,W) ou acrylate intercalés". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008468.
Texto completoBonvalot-Dubois, Béatrice. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure des interfaces et de la réduction chimique de matériaux composites (eutectiques orientés) à base d'oxydes NiO, CoO et MnO". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112379.
Texto completoKarman, Cheryl. "Génération électrochimiquement assistée de films sol-gel nanostructurés orientés : fonctionnalisation par « chimie click », caractérisation et applications". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0218/document.
Texto completoIn this work, we exploited the vertically-aligned mesoporous silica thin films generated by electro-assisted self-assembly (EASA). First of all, we present a study about the amplification of charge transfer of a repulsed anionic redox probes [i.e. Fe(CN)63-/4-] through the negatively charged silica film by using neutrally or positively charged redox probes [Fc(MeOH)2 or Ru(NH3)63+ respectively] through redox mediating processes. Furthermore, the functionalization can be conducted by combining EASA method to obtain azide-functionalized silica film and further letting it react with an ethynyl-bearing reactant (e.g. ethynyl-ferrocene) according Huisgen click chemistry. The resulting ferrocene-functionalized silica films are electroactive, involving an electron hopping mechanism between adjacent ferrocene moieties. The electrochemical oxidation of ferrocene into ferricinium ion generates positive charges that are compensated by the ingress of anions into the film, opening the door to possible indirect amperometric detection of non-electroactive anions by flow injection analysis. Operating in an electrolyte-free flow, each injection of an anion (e.g., NO3-) at an electrode biased at a suitable positive potential (i.e., +0.5 V) gave rise to an amperometric response proportional to the anion concentration. However, to avoid the decrease of the electrochemical signal due to the progressive consumption of ferrocene in multiple successive analyses, it was necessary to regenerate the electrode by reduction of ferricinium moieties, which can be achieved in-situ by square wave amperometry. The feasibility to apply such indirect amperometric detection scheme in suppressed ion chromatography (for detecting anions in mixture) was also demonstrated. The oriented mesoporous film can also be functionalized with ruthenium(II)bipyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+ using the same method. Optimization of the functionalization level is controlled electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and monitored through the UV-vis spectra. Further study is conducted upon the charge transfer (electron hopping along the adjacent sites) and the mass transfer of the compensating counter anion through the mesochannels by varying the CV potential scan rate. The emission of the [Ru(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+-functionalized film and its quenching in the presence of oxygen are evidenced in both aqueous and organic solvent, giving opportunities to apply the film for different application, such as electrochemiluminescence sensor and oxygen detection. Lastly, the vertically-aligned mesoporous silica film is used as a hard template to grow polyanilinine nanofilaments. The growth of ordered polyaniline nanofilaments is controlled by potentiostatic polymerization. In such small pore template (2 nm in diameter), quasi-single PANI chains are likely to be produced. From chronoamperometric experiments and using films of various thicknesses (100−200 nm) it is possible to evidence the electropolymerization transients, wherein each stage of polymerization (induction period, growth, and overgrowth of polyaniline on mesoporous silica films) is clearly identified. The advantageous effect of mesostructured silica thin films as hard templates for the generation of isolated polyaniline nanofilaments is demonstrated from enhancement of the reversibility between the conductive and the nonconductive states of polyaniline and the higher electroactive surface areas displayed for all mesoporous silica/PANI composites. The possibility to control and tailor the growth of conducting polymer nanofilaments offers numerous opportunities for applications in various fields including energy, sensors and biosensors, photovoltaics, nanophotonics, or nanoelectronics
Ben, cherifi Yassine. "Caractérisations avancées des matériaux à base de graphène pour supercondensateurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALV008.
Texto completoThe working principle of a supercapacitor is based on the electro-adsorption of electrolytic species on the surface of polarized porous carbon electrode materials. Graphene is being studied as a material to try to achieve higher storage capacities (CSP), because – in theory – it presents a large specific surface area maximizing the number of adsorbed ions, as well as a hierarchical porosity that could promote ions diffusion. However, experimentally, the CSP obtained remains limited because the graphene sheets reaggregate. One path followed to limit this problem is to place a “host” molecule between two sheets of graphene, leading to the production of pillared graphene (PGM). Previous work has indirectly (electrochemically) demonstrated that the structural parameter d, which corresponds to the inter-sheet distance, can be modulated to achieve higher CSPs. This information is particularly important, and need to be further addressed by direct characterization of these samples.Therefore during this PhD work, the local structure of these materials (graphene oxide GO, chemically or hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide rGO, pillared graphene PGM) was probed by carrying out WAXS analyses, which highlighted that PGMs exhibit pillared graphene domains that coexist with partially stacked graphene sheets. Studies of the mesostructure, carried out by SANS, revealed that the structure of GO evolves significantly during the functionalization and reduction steps. Indeed, GO presents a very large sheet size with rough interfaces, which transforms into sheets of smaller dimensions post-reduction, exhibiting 3D structure post-pillaring. These SANS analyses also showed the presence of characteristic structural features within the samples, such as the bending length R or the persistence length Σ. A porosity SANS study using the invariant demonstrated that the mesoporosity of an rGO is two times greater than that of a PGM. Despite this difference, PGM showed higher electrochemical performances, highlighting the importance of micropores in the electrochemical process.It is important to track how this structure is impacted when these materials are subjected to rapid and repetitive charge and discharge cycles. For this, electrochemical tests as well as in-situ/operando characterizations were carried out in organic electrolyte comprising cations with a diameter smaller (TEA+) or larger (THA+) than the inter-graphene sheet distance. The WAXS study showed that the pillared sample is much more stable in polarization and cycling than rGO which suffers from significant structural evolution.To go further in the study of the adsorption processes involved in these materials, a study of SANS in-situ, based on contrast modulations linked to relative modifications in the quantity of cations (containing H atoms) and anions (containing B atoms) was carried out. It was observed that within the bridged sample the THA+ ions are concentrated in the porosity range around 16 nm, indicating that these ions cannot access the smallest porosity. This blocking effect is not observed in the case of cycling in TEA BF4, since the TEA+ cations are distributed within the entire porosity range. Thus, these studies showed that the meso-porosity of the bridged samples is active in the transport and storage mechanisms.This thesis work allowed to deepen the understanding of the structure and porosity of GO-based materials, as well as to characterize the electro-diffusion and -adsorption within the meso-porosity of the pillared samples. This work also constitutes a characterization methodology that could be applied to the study of other materials, thus contributing to advancing work on the optimization of supercapacitors
Achtioui, Touria. "Mise en œuvre et caractérisation de matériaux polymères issus d' emballages plastiques recyclés". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS036.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD thesis was to understand the mechanisms of degradation of SAN and ABS from waste sprues and undelivered packages from Albea Group (formerly known as Alcan Packaging). The results of this project should allow the reduction of waste volume, the improvement of material properties and a costs reduction. The present workshould also improve the understanding of the fundamental aspects of physical recyclability of polymers during different cycles in injection molding.The first part of the study performed using an internal mixer showed how degradation was influenced by processing parameters such as the rotor speed, the temperature and the mixing time. Thus, considering the SAN, the mechanisms of the thermo-mechanical degradation are both generated by the thermo-mechanical degradation and by the oxidation that involves chain scissions. In the case of ABS, its mechanisms of thermo-mechanical degradation imply further chromophores sites, several competition reactions such as crosslinking and chain scissions.The innovative feature of our work was to establish a theoretical mechanism of degradation of ABS and SAN under processing conditions used in industry thanks to our experimental approach with original investigation procedure (TMDSC, solid state NMR, AFM). Afterwards, we were then able to identify the real contribution on the one hand of the shearing effect, which seemed still unstudied in the literature, and of the other hand of the thermal effect.Finally, it was found that degradation was not affecting SAN mechanical properties whereas discoloration and a reduction of viscosity were observed. On the opposite, the recycling of ABS resulted in a significant reduction of tensile properties and the impact strength due to the presence of varnish which interfered in stress transfer between PB nodules and the SAN matrix