Tesis sobre el tema "Caractérisation de capteurs"
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Proust, Julien. "Etude, caractérisation et optimisation expérimentales de nano-capteurs plasmoniques". Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0001/document.
Texto completoUltra sensitive sensors are required to probe very low concentrations of molecules. It has been shown that plasmonic nano-sensors could play this role. Nevertheless, even after thirteen years of research, a lot of questions remain unanswered.We will try to answer them in this study: what happens when a single molecule is adsorbed on a nanoparticle surface? In a monolayer? And what happens for the next layer of molecules? Can we easily enhance the sensitivity and the readability of sensors? We demonstrate experimentally a singular behavior when the quantity of molecules in the near-field region is very low, typically in the zeptogram level. To measure the low quantity of matter, different techniques to enhance the signal are studied: integration of sensor on axicon micro-lenses of Fabry-Perot like nano-cavities. We developed axicon micro-lenses to increase the intensity of unique nanoparticle signal. They redistribute the electromagnetic field into a Bessel beam with low numerical aperture, allowing an easy collection in far field. Nano-cavities have been designed to decrease the damping and refine the plasmonic resonance to increase the readability of the sensors. All these studies have the same target: to detect in-situ disease markers at very low concentrations in order to treat the patients before the first symptoms
Combette, Philippe. "Caractérisation d'une émulsion au moyen de capteurs ultrasonores spécifiques". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20179.
Texto completoRougeau, Laurent. "Synthèse et caractérisation de composés thermochromes. : Application aux capteurs thermiques". Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS027.
Texto completoThe target of this work is to create an intelligent label able to indicate if temperature has risen over a definite threshold. This control is highlighted by colour change. To meet industrial requirements (one or tow-step syntheses from low cost starting materials), we have studied diacetylenic compounds which can provide a great number of various molecules. Beyond industrial objective, this thesis approaches additional studies. To understand the thermochromic phenomenon, we have determined the structure of various compounds before and after the colour change by analytical techniques: solid NMR, Raman spectrometry, ESR, X-rays. We have also established structure/property relationships between the starting diyns and their thermochromic properties, especially influence of chains lengths and chemical functions (alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide. . . ). We have identified a new family of thermochromic diacetylenic compounds (asymmetric monoesters) changing from blue (after UV irradiation) to red (after heating) at temperatures varying from -20 to +75°C according to the chains length. The blue intermediary product reacts very quickly to various stimuli and the red compound is insoluble, which has limited the field of usable analytical techniques. Nevertheless, various solid analyses have allowed us to propose a structure for blue and red compounds and a mechanism for the thermochromic behaviour. During UV irradiation, the diacetylenic conjugated system is transformed into a cumulene having free radical to its ends, then after heat we obtain a hyperconjugated polymer with double and triple bounds. Lastly, an X-rays study has allowed us to understand why some compounds turn red whereas others not, crystalline structure of the starting compound playing a very important role in thermochromic phenomenon
Megriche, Adel. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux piézoélectriques pour capteurs haute température". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0022.
Texto completoThe need for high temperature piezoelectric material sin, for example, ultrasonic probes and pressure sensors is very important for automobile industry or chemical transformations. At present, only single crystals of tourmaline, which has poor piezoelectric coefficients can be operated above 600 °c. The objective of this work is to develop a piezoelectric ceramics with improved properties, which can be operated up to 500 °c. Two families of materials with Curie temperature above 600 °c have been selected, namely LiNbO3 and a Bismuth Titanates belongs to the Aurivillius compounds family that can be represented by the general formula Bi2An-1BnO3n+3 in which A can be a monovalent, divalent or trivalent cation or a mixture of them, B represents Ti 4 +, Nb5+, W6+ etc. , and n can have values of 2,3,4. . . Preparation of dense ceramics with the required properties will be achieved with varied substitutions and some additives impurities. Tree compositions are chosen and caracterized in high temperature device. -* Li0,97Na0,03NbO3+0,2% MnO2 -* Bi4Ti2?95W0,05O12+0,2%Cr2O3 -* Na0,5Bi4Ti3,85N0,15O15+0,3%MnO2. At the same time a two high temperature acoustic pressure sensors will be developed for use with the piezoelectric ceramics and thick films. The response of the realized sensor to an acoustical load is analysed in relation to temperature
Daulle, Armelle. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de capteurs de puissance micro-onde". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10167.
Texto completoDhahbi, Hakim. "Caractérisation et modélisation de matériaux magnétiques pour capteurs de courant". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT027/document.
Texto completoThe topic of this study involves power sensors used in Schneider Electrics circuit breakers that should operate increasingly at variable frequencies. We are particularly focusing on "iron losses” through their characterization and modelling. The study is based on the improvement of the LS model in order to use it in the dimensioning of the sensor. The model is integrated in Flux® as post-processing; therefore an application has been developed that includes Ls model iron losses at each time step in the simulation of the sensor and its environment. An experimental analysis of the behaviour of the sensors magnetic circuit was also conducted by integrating new materials on the one hand and by considering the manufacturing processes and operating conditions of the sensor on the other hand. Furthermore, a calorimetric study was conducted to measure the iron losses of the sensor experimentally and to state reference measurements to compare with the results of simulations. Finally, two main missions have been engaged and remain to be finalized: a new method of the static LS model and an experimental bench, a calorimeter, has been designed and tested, but still to be improved
Pham, Q. Nghi. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'oxydes perovskites pour capteurs de pH - Etude du mécanisme de fonctionnement de ces capteurs". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417172.
Texto completoPham, Quoc Nghi. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'oxydes perovskites pour capteurs de pH : étude du mécanisme de fonctionnement de ces capteurs". Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1002.pdf.
Texto completoPerovskite oxides can be used as sensitive element in pH sensors. A high ionic conductivity, mechanical and chemical resistances allow a fast response time and some potential applications in industry, such as food industry. Firstly, the crystallographic structure and the conduction properties of various oxides were studied before testing their pH sensitivity. Secondly, the optimized conditions to obtain a ceramic sensitive membrane starting from powders synthesized by various methods were determined. Moreover, the characteristics of the pH sensor were determined: response time, selectivity, influence of the redox species… Finally, among the studied compounds, the Li0. 30La0. 57TiO3 (LLTO) compound which exhibits the highest sensitivity to the pH was selected as model for studying the mechanism of pH detection. In particular, there mechanisms were suggested: the oxydo-reduction, the ionic exchange and the reaction of the -OH groups at the oxide surface. Experimental results show that the -OH groups at the oxide surface are responsible of the pH sensitivity of the ceramic membranes. The pH detection property by a potentiometric sensor of this type is unique and innovative. This work will allow the development of these pH sensors for practical uses
Gaborit, Gwenaël. "Caractérisation de champs électriques hyperfréquences par capteurs électro-optiques vectoriels fibrés". Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS039.
Texto completoMicrowave guided or radiated electric (E) fields are usually characterized using metallic probes or dipole antennas. This kind of measurement presents important limitations: a relatively narrow frequency bandwidth, a quite low spatial resolution and a significant disturbance of the signal to be measured. In this PhD Thesis, the developed pigtailed electro-optic (EO) sensors are fully dielectric, thug minimizing the perturbation induced on the signal to be measured. They are based on the Pockels' effect which consists in a modification of the refractive indices of an EO crystal induced by an applied E field. Finally, we have used two types of modulation in order to exploit the Pockels' effect : our pigtailed EO sensors are either based on polarization state modulation or on amplitude modulation. Their transversal spatial resolution depends on the shape of the laser beam inside the EO crystal and can be of the order of 10 j1,m. The selectivity to E field components is directly linked to the modification of the eigen dielectric axis of the EO crystal induced by the applied E field. While anisotropic crystals (e. G. LiTaO3 or DAST) allow us to measure one component of the E field (a selectivity of 46 dB has been reached), isotropic crystals (ZnTe) provide a simultaneous two-components E-field measurement using a single crystal and a single laser probe. We have demonstrated the advantages of E-field measurements using EO sensors compared to other techniques like antennas, bolometers, infrared thermography,. .
Drean, Emilie. "Contribution au développement de capteurs piézoélectriques pour la caractérisation mécanique des étoffes". Mulhouse, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MULH0853.
Texto completoTakpara, Rafatou. "Développement de capteurs piézoélectriques interdigités flexibles pour la caractérisation ultrasonore des revêtements". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0041/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the realization of interdigital sensors (IDT for InterDigital Transducer) on piezoelectric substrates. There is a dual challenge since firstly, the aim is to have efficient sensors to generate surface acoustic waves (SAW) in order to characterize the quality of the coatings and structure surfaces. The second objective of this study is to make these IDT sensors flexible so as to adapt to different geometries of structures and to be able to put up with the deformations of structures in use. Typically, piezoelectric materials are rigid and the flexible nature of the materials is often in opposition to the piezoelectric performance of the latter. We developed materials that meet these two requirements: piezoelectricity and flexibility. Finally, we gave greater importance to relatively cheap technologies to develop these sensors because this allows then to consider continuous monitoring (structural health monitoring) by incorporating these sensors permanently on the structures to be tested
Nguyen, Thi Ngoc. "Caractérisation et modélisation d'un micro-capteur magnétoélectrique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS203/document.
Texto completoMagneto-electric (ME) sensors have been demonstrated as a promising alternative for the detection of weak magnetic signals with high sensitivity. To date, most applications focused on the use of bulk piezoelectric materials on which magnetostrictive thin films are deposited leading to millimeter-sized devices. The integration of such devices into micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), bringing smaller size and lower power consumption, involves addressing several scientific issues ranging from the integration of active materials on silicon to the strong reduction in amplitude of generated signals related to the size reduction of the sensor.In this context, the first goal of this thesis work was to integrate high crystalline quality piezoelectric thin films on silicon.Pb(Zr ₓTi ₁ ₋₁)O₃ (PZT) with a morphotropic composition (x=0.52) having high electromechanical coupling factor was chosen. Silicon is a necessary template as it allows for the use of conventional clean room processes for the realization of the microsystem. The crystalline quality of the active films is directly linked to the buffer layers that promote the crystalline growth on silicon. For this purpose, Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) was used in combination with CeO₂ and SrTiO₃ to allow further growth of epitaxial perovskites. The choice of the bottom electrode material (SrRuO₃ or La ₀ ,₆₆Sr₀₃₃MnO₃ in this work) further tunes the crystalline orientation of the PZT layer.To probe the potential of such PZT thin films for ME devices, the first step was to characterize the electromechanical properties of this material in a free standing cantilever structure. Under an applied electric field, the measured displacement of the epitaxial PZT-based cantilevers is characterized by a coefficient d₃₁ =-53pmV⁻¹ , a reduced value with respect to the bulk material but that can be enhanced by further optimizing the film growth. The second step consists in ascertaining the ability of the cantilever to be used as resonator. For that purpose, first characterizations of oscillators have been performed to extract the resonant frequencies and the associated quality factors. Then, the resonant frequency shift with DC bias-induced stress was measured. Finally, a magnetostrictive layer of TbFeCo was added on the PZT cantilevers to sense magnetic field based on the ME effect. The resulting resonant frequency shift with external applied magnetic field was characterized with a typical sensitivity of 10’s of µT
Serio, Bruno. "Modélisation, élaboration et caractérisation de reseaux de microthermocouples or-palladium en couches minces". Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2077.
Texto completoPrecise and rapid detection of surface temperature changes are crucial for studying numerous physical phenomena or industrial processes (E. G. Laser processing, thermal spraying). If the temperature measured with a thermocouple or with a thermometric resistance put in direct contact with the surface is always the sensor temperature, in most cases, it differs from the surface temperature. The presence of the sensor induces errors due to its interference with the temperature field to be measured. The solution developed in this thesis to reduce this interference consists of depositing the sensor material onto the surface to be characterized. The technology developed in the microtechnic field enables the realisation of such sensors as an array of thin film thermocouples. In that case, the sensor inertia is nearly zero and the bond with the substrate is excellent. AU-PD thin film thermocouple arrays were realized to measure with high precision focused laser energy profiles or to measure the temperature field within a composite material. After the sensors adjustement and calibration in steady and dynamic condition, the steady and dynamic behaviours were modelled. Very good results were obtained in the field of laser beam profiles determination. Prospects are short-term awaited for measuring of temperatures during thermal cycling of thermally sprayed coatings
Schissele, Estelle. "Analyse et caractérisation des phases sismiques régionales enregistrées par les antennes de capteurs". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653222.
Texto completoColin, Bruno. "Caractérisation et Réduction des Anomalies de Mesure dans les Capteurs de Courant Différentiel". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322750.
Texto completoUn important travail de modélisation par éléments finis de ces faux courants a été accompli. En particulier, les conséquences d?un excentrage des conducteurs primaires du capteur ont été étudiées par simulation numérique. De plus divers outils spécifiques ont été développés, notamment un modèle de matériaux magnétique anisotrope permettant de modéliser de façon simple et rapide le ruban enroulé formant les capteurs
Chevalier, César Clotaire. "Élaboration et caractérisation de capteurs de gaz à base de nanofils de ZnO". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975072.
Texto completoGati, Mohamed Idir. "Contribution à l'étude de capteurs électromagnétiques applicables à la caractérisation de matériaux diélectriques". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT116H.
Texto completoCarrat, Christophe. "Etude des méthodes et des moyens pour la caractérisation des capteurs d'images bidimensionnels". Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10609.
Texto completoBertic, Yves. "Modélisation et caractérisation de capteurs mécano-optiques en optique intégrée à base d'INP". Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4013.
Texto completoAit, Fqir Ali Fatima Zahra. "Développement et caractérisation de nouveaux procédés de passivation pour les capteurs d'images CMOS". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10186.
Texto completoIn order to maintain or enhance the electro-optical performances while decreasing the pixel size, advanced CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) requires the implementation of new architectures. For this purpose, deep trenches for pixel isolation (DTI) and backside illumination (BSI) have been introduced as ones of the most promising candidates. The major challenge of these architectures is the high dark current level (Idark) due to the generation/recombination centers present at both, DTI sidewalls and backside surfaces. Therefore, the creation of very shallow doped junctions at these surfaces reducing Idark and further crosstalk by drifting the photo-generated carriers to the photodiode region appears as key process step for introducing these architectures. For the backside surface passivation, a very shallow doped layer can be achieved by low-energy implantation followed by very short and localized heating provided by pulsed laser annealing (PLA). In the melt regime, box-shaped profiles with activation rates close to 100% and excellent crystalline quality have been achieved. The non-melt regime shows some potential, especially for multiple pulse conditions. In the optimal process conditions, very low level of Idark comparable to the standard reference has been achieved. In the other side, the passivation of DTI sidewalls has been performed by in-situ doped Epitaxy. Deposited layers with good uniformity and doping conformity all along the DTI cavity have been achieved. The electrical results show Idark values lower than the standard reference
Kouichi, Hamza. "Optimisation de réseaux de capteurs pour la caractérisation de source de rejets atmosphériques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE020/document.
Texto completoThe main objective of this study is to define the methods required to optimize a monitoring network designed for atmospheric source characterization. The optimization consists in determining the optimal number and locations of sensors to be deployed in order to respond to such needs. In this context, the optimization is performed for the first time by a coupling between the data inversion technique named "renormalization" and the metaheuristic optimization algorithms. At first, the inversion method was evaluated for a point source, and then have allowed to define optimality criteria for networks design. In this study, the optimization process was evaluated in experiments carried out in flat terrain without obstacles (DYCE) and in an idealized urban environment (MUST). Three problems were defined and tested based on these experiments. These problems concern (i) the determination of the optimal network size for source characterization, for which a cost function (standard errors) estimating the gap between observations and modeled data, has been minimized; (ii) the optimal design of a network to retrieve an unknown point source for a particular meteorological condition. In this context, an entropy cost function has been maximized in order to increase the information’s amount provided by the network; (iii) the determination of an optimal network to reconstruct an unknown point source for multiple meteorological configurations. For this purpose, a generalized entropic cost function that we have defined, has been maximized. For these all problems, optimization is ensured within the framework of a combinatorial optimization approach. The determination of the optimal network size (problem 1) was highly sensitive to experimental conditions (source height and intensity, stability conditions, wind speed and direction, etc.). We have noted that the networks performance is better for a dispersion on flat terrain compared to the urban environments. We have also shown that different networks architectures can converge towards the same optimum (approximate or global). For unknown sources reconstruction (problems 2 and 3), the entropic cost functions have proven to be robust and allowed to obtain optimal networks (for reasonable sizes) capable of characterizing different sources for one or multiple meteorological conditions
Aboubakr, Hecham. "Synthèse et caractérisation de semi-conducteurs organiques pour des applications optoelectroniques et capteurs". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4070.
Texto completoThe work reported herein concerns the synthesis and the characterization of new organic semiconductors built around the bithiophene core. It was relied on an extended work carried out previously in our laboratory on distyryloligothiophene derivatives. The main part of this work was dedicated to develop new functionalized organic semi-conductors with the aim to improve their properties for optoelectronic applications, mainly for: i) the realization of transistors with organic thin layer (OFETs), ii) the elaboration of solar cells from push-pull derivatives and iii) the development of sensors. The first chapter is devoted to the functionalization of the benzo-[2,1-b:3,4-b ']bithiophene-4,5-dione core either by mesogenic or aminostyryl groups with the purpose to improve, using liquid crystal properties, the microscopic ordering and the electrical performances of the synthetized organic semiconductors as well as their solution processability. Besides the liquid crystal properties characterization showing interesting behavior, the OFET devices have been made from those semiconductors but unfortunately have led to, as unexpected, poor charge transport properties. Some structural modifications have been done in order to optimize the charge transport characteristics nevertheless their electrical characterization still under progress up to now. In a second part, some push-pull derivatives, having a cruciform-like structure, have been synthetized and characterized in order to use them as an active organic layer in photovoltaic devices. Their optoelectronic properties have been evaluated and reported
Aboubakr, Hecham. "Synthèse et caractérisation de semi-conducteurs organiques pour des applications optoelectroniques et capteurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4070.
Texto completoThe work reported herein concerns the synthesis and the characterization of new organic semiconductors built around the bithiophene core. It was relied on an extended work carried out previously in our laboratory on distyryloligothiophene derivatives. The main part of this work was dedicated to develop new functionalized organic semi-conductors with the aim to improve their properties for optoelectronic applications, mainly for: i) the realization of transistors with organic thin layer (OFETs), ii) the elaboration of solar cells from push-pull derivatives and iii) the development of sensors. The first chapter is devoted to the functionalization of the benzo-[2,1-b:3,4-b ']bithiophene-4,5-dione core either by mesogenic or aminostyryl groups with the purpose to improve, using liquid crystal properties, the microscopic ordering and the electrical performances of the synthetized organic semiconductors as well as their solution processability. Besides the liquid crystal properties characterization showing interesting behavior, the OFET devices have been made from those semiconductors but unfortunately have led to, as unexpected, poor charge transport properties. Some structural modifications have been done in order to optimize the charge transport characteristics nevertheless their electrical characterization still under progress up to now. In a second part, some push-pull derivatives, having a cruciform-like structure, have been synthetized and characterized in order to use them as an active organic layer in photovoltaic devices. Their optoelectronic properties have been evaluated and reported
Taleb, Bendiab Anis. "Micro-capteur optique pour la caractérisation des dépôts de pulvérisation en agriculture". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG030.
Texto completoThe use of phytosanitary products in agriculture raises serious questions given their harmful effects on the environment. Various levers can be considered to help farmers reduce the amount of pesticides they use. One of these levers consists in optimizing spraying yields, and therefore spraying better to spray less. It is in this context that this thesis work has been carried out. It aims at proving the feasibility of optical micro-sensors based on RIB waveguides, which will eventually allow a reliable and fast measurement of the spraying of inputs on the leaves of plants, so that it can be optimized. It is based on the hypothesis that the guidance through RIB waveguides will be modified following the deposition of droplets on their surface, via the absorption of part of the evanescent wave.RIB waveguides based on chalcogenide thin films whose design has been optimized by simulation have been realized. Their response to the deposition of water droplets (main constituent of pesticides) was then studied. Experiments carried out at wavelength = 1.55 µm, where the water absorption coefficient is 50 cm-1, confirmed the initial hypothesis. The deposition of droplets on the surface of a guide does indeed lead to a decrease in transmitted light intensity, a decrease all the more important as the volume and the number of drops are important, results in agreement with the simulations. Other experiments carried out between 1 and 2 µm allowed to study the spectral response at the output of the guide, and to observe again the effects of water droplet deposition, with the appearance of absorption bands characteristic of water at 1.45 and 1.9 µm. A multivariate analysis also allowed to establish a predictive model, allowing to go back to the volume of the deposited drops, with a precision of 0.36 µl.These initial results prove the feasibility of optical micro-sensors for droplet detection and make them a potential solution to help farmers optimize their spraying processes
Llop, Xavier. "Réalisation et caractérisation de microfibres optiques plastiques scintillantes". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30205.
Texto completoVacher, Stéphane. "Capteurs à fibres optiques pour le contrôle de l'élaboration et la caractérisation mécanique des matériaux composites". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0009.
Texto completoThere are a large number of industrial processes to manufacture organic matrix composite materials. Amidst those processes, the resin film infusion process is a quite novel industrial process for polymer matrix composites manufacturing. However, this process is complex and the final properties of the composite material are strongly dependent on the cure conditions. Two optical fibre sensors which can be embedded into the composite material are presented. The first fibre optical sensor is based on the principle of Fresnel's reflection. The second sensor is a fibre Bragg grating. Two models have been developped in order to simulate en optical fibre embedded in a cross-ply laminate. This can be used to qualify the intrusitivy of the optical fibre into the composite materials. A relation between the optical signal delivered by the Bragg grating sensor and the strains in the laminate is established with the opto-mechanical model
Belhabri, Monia. "Caractérisation des milieux dispersés par rétrodiffusion de la lumière : application à l'émulsification". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2077.
Texto completoMansir, Hassan. "Contrôle non destructif : Modélisation des phénomènes électromagnétiques, caractérisation des défauts et optimisation des capteurs". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECDL0014.
Texto completoMalleron, Kevin. "Modélisation multiphysique, caractérisation et conception de transducteurs magnétoélectriques pour l'alimentation de capteurs biomédicaux autonomes". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS203.
Texto completoIn order to avoid surgery for battery replacement or recharge, we propose to use an innovative technique to wirelessly recharge the battery using magnetoelectric materials. The magnetoelectric effect is issued of two combined phenomena: piezoelectricity and magnetostriction. The idea is to achieve a wireless power transmission based on the near magnetic field techniques: the source energy is emitted via a magnetic field and the receptor which will transduce the energy is a magnetoelectric material. The magnetostrictive part of the magnetoelectric transducer is subjected to a stress due to the magnetic field. The stress is transmitted to the piezoelectric part which will produce an electric field. The electric voltage collected from the electrodes of the piezoelectric material will be used to power or recharge electronic devices. This thesis contributes to the development of this technique by proposing improving ways for energy transmission to powering sensors with the smallest transducer possible. An 2D finite element model his presented with power measurements and the characterizing bench associated
Rguiti, Mohamed. "Conception de capteurs en champ proche acoustique. Applications à la caractérisation des milieux viscoélastiques". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20132.
Texto completoEl, Younsi Imane. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles couches sensibles pour la réalisation de capteurs de CO2". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30344/document.
Texto completoThe measure of the rate of CO2 is a recent need. The works on the use of new materials for the conception of gas sensors based semiconductor oxides, effective and not expensive; arouse a huge interest in our society. The objective of this thesis is the elaboration and the characterization of new sensitive layers obtained by RF sputtering for the realization of the sensors of CO2. Thin films were deposited using two targets: CuFeO2 and CuO, under three conditions by varying argon pressure and RF power. First of all, the structure and the microstructure were studied for the as-deposited samples. Surface investigations carried out by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, BET measurements and MEB-FEG images have shown a strong influence of deposition technique parameters on film surface topography and morphology. In a second step, the thin films were annealed in air in order to oxidize the phase. For the composite CuO/CuFe2O4, Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry technique showed a structure in two layers stacked on top of each other for the thinner films. For the cupric films, no changes on both structure and microstructure have been revealed. Our films have then been evaluated for CO2 detection. The sensitive layers with different thicknesses were sensitive to 5000 ppm of CO2. The deposition parameters are optimized to obtain microstructure features which can enhance the sensitivity of the thin films as gas sensors. Best response was obtained for a cupric sample deposited in P2 30W conditions and was close to 50% at T = 250°C. We have demonstrates that cupric oxide alone can detect the CO2 gas and that the growth conditions determine the film surface characteristics. The gas sensing characteristics of these films are strongly influenced by both surface morphology and microstructure
Conforti, Di Lorenzo Selma. "Développement et caractérisation d’un ASIC de lecture de macro-cellule de photo-détecteurs de grande dimension". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112142.
Texto completoPMm² is a project founded for three years by the French National Agency for Research (ANR) with the complete title: “Innovative electronics for photo-detectors array used in high energy physics and astroparticles”. The project proposes to segment the large surface of photo-detection in macro pixel consisting of an array of 16 PMTs of 12-inches (2*2 m²), connected to an autonomous front-end electronics which works in a triggerless data acquisition mode placed near the array. This is possible thanks to the microelectronics progress that allows to integrate the read out and the signal processing, of all the photomultipliers, in the same circuit (ASIC) named PARISROC (Photomultiplier ARray Integrated in SiGe Read Out Chip). The ASIC must send out only the digital data by network to the surface central data storage. The PARISROC Chip, made in AMS 0. 35 µm technology, integrates 16 independent channels for each PMTs of the array, providing charge and time measurements. The first prototype of PARISROC chip has a total surface of 19 mm². It has been sent for fabrication in June 2008 to AMS foundry (AustriaMicroSystems) through the CMP (Multi Project Center) and received in December 2008. The ASIC measurements have led to the realization of a second prototype. Important measurements were brought in terms of noise, dynamic range, read out frequency (from 10 MHz to 40 MHz), time measurements (TDC improvements) and charge measurements (Slow shaper improvements). Sent for fabrication in November 2009 and received in February 2010, this new prototype PARISROC 2 has been tested and the characterisation has shown a good overall behavior and the verification of the improvements
Malhaire, Christophe. "Caractérisation et modélisation de microtransducteurs de pression a hautes performances intégrées sur silicium". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0014/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to modelize the thermomechanical behavior of composite Si02/Si membranes and to develop sorne caracterization tools suitable to silicon microstructures to allow the conception of high performances membrane based Polysilicon On Insulator piezoresistive pressure microsensors. Si02/Si membranes with 3 mm side length and thickness less than 40 microns covered with 0. 5 to 2 microns thick thermal oxide layers, have been achieved by anisotropie chemical etching without etch-stop layer in KOH-rH20 solutions. We have studied the membranes profile, the roughness and the uniformity of the etching process by means of optical profilometry. The average membrane thicknesses have been determined with a 0. 1 microns accuracy by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The origin of the oxide stress on thick substrates has been established and the value has been determined with a 4% accuracy through average curvature measurements
Clavaguera, Simon. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux fluorescents pour l'élaboration d'un capteur chimique d'explosifs". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20067.
Texto completoTo be able to detect explosives ultra-traces has become a societal need particularly to anticipate terrorist attacks and for land mine detection. During the last decade, despite well studied heavy analytical techniques, more sensitive, rapid and portable new chemical gas sensors have been developed. This thesis is devoted to the study of fluorescent organic materials used for nitroaromatics detection which appears among the most current explosives. Three objectives concern the present work: we have to design new sensitive materials towards nitroaromatics via fluorescence quenching, to develop a portable integrated sensor and to focus on the understanding of the detection process involved in nitroaromatics sensing. We explore the synthesis and the use of new alternate copolymers bearing fluorescent conjugated segments (phenyleneethynylene type) and chiral units with a C2 symmetry axis. This chiral unit is designed in order to avoid pi-stacking between fluorophores. The effect of the conjugated segment nature and the type of chiral unit are studied in order to obtain an optimal sensitivity. The interactions between nitroaromatics and sensitive fluorescent materials are also investigated. The deposition of alternate polymers leads to homogeneous and smooth thin layers. Their good sensitivity and their excellent selectivity for nitroaromatics detection are well fitted for the development of chemical sensors. The result of this leads to the development of a miniaturized integrated prototype of detection
Meignen, Pierre-Antoine. "Capteur ultrasonore multiélément dédié à la caractérisation quantitative haute résolution". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT267/document.
Texto completoThe work presented in this thesis is applied to the characterization of mechanical properties by acoustic microscopy. It describes an innovative focused sensor that enables both topography and quantitative imaging of an elastic material. The innovation consists in the separation of the different propagation modes of a material excited by a focused multielement probe. Measuring the surface mode propagation velocity of elastic and anisotropic materials thanks to their time of flight provides a possibility of quantifying the module characterizing the elasticity: the Young's modulus. The dimensions of the multielement probe are described here and rely on an acoustic field model developed to anticipate the field radiated by each element. A second model studies the temporal behaviour of the focused probe and also verifies the discrimination of the different waves that propagate. The measurement of mechanical properties by the multielement probe is applied to different samples and provides consistent results with high sensitivity. The ability to produce images of mechanical properties is thus demonstrated. First suitable for frequencies near thirty megahertz, this sensor has a limited number of elements to ensure a simplicity of design and manufacture for a subsequent miniaturization of the sensor to achieve frequencies near the gigahertz
Cohen, Muriel. "Caractérisation des modes de défaillance des capteurs d'images CMOS à pixels actifs en environnement spatial". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0019.
Texto completoHerin, Philippe. "Conception et caractérisation de capteurs de flux radiatif et convectif : application aux mesures "in situ"". Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10051.
Texto completoTeston, Franck. "Modélisation et réalisation de capteurs à ondes de plaque : apllications à la caractérisation de matériaux". Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3305.
Texto completoIn recent years, Lamb and shear horizontal (SH) acoustic waves have been increasingly studied for a wide variety of physical and chemical sensor applications, including viscoelastic characterization of polymers and liquids. Ln these applications, the acoustic waves are generated and detected by mean of interdigital transducer laid on one side of a plate. First, in order to predict the vibrating plate modes in piezoelectric medium, an approach based on the effective permittivity concept was used. Then, the plate was considered loaded by viscoelastic layers, and therefore a new effective permittivity function was defmed which take into account the modification of the mechanical and electrical boundary conditions at the interface. Therefore, a general theory of the interaction c:f acoustic waves at the interface between a piezoelectric medium and a viscoelastic layer is developed. This analysis includes mass loading, viscous and viscoelastic coupling. Secondly, a SH-APM sensor based on ST-cut quartz plate and an experimental cell for liquid applications were fabricated. The mass sensitivity of this deviee was measured by a copper electrodeposition for the two first modes at the frequencies around 15 MHz. These experimental measurements showed that our theoretical method leads to a better understanding of the mass loading compared to perturbation or variational methods. A second application concerned the determination ofthe liquid viscosity from to measure the phase and attenuation variation of the acoustic wave. Lndeed in using the theoretical mode! which take into account the Maxwell relaxation time in viscous liquids, the viscosity and the instantaneous shear elastic modulus c:f aqueous glycerol solutions can be calculated from experimental data. In the last application, the SH-APM sensors were used to study the room temperature vulcanizing polymers. A fitting between theoretical and experimental results allowed calculating the complex shear modulus during the vulcanizing process. Finally, we have studied the Lamb waves propagation in PZT ceramics and piezocomposites with 1-3 connectivity. The experimental dispersion curves have been calculated from the resonant or anti-resonant frequencies of the interdigital transducers and are a good agreement with theoretical curves. The main result concerned the piezocomposite materials, which exhibit advantageous properties for liquid sensor applications. An original feature of this work is here the used of the frrst symmetric mode So that has a strong electromechanical coupling factor, a low phase velocity and a relatively low attenuation in aqueous phase
Letertre-Danczak, Julie. "Caractérisation des aérosols au-dessus des océans à partir des capteurs spatiaux de l’A-TRAIN". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10024/document.
Texto completoWithin climatic change issues, one of the unknowns remains the characterization of the aerosol radiative properties at global scale. Different ways of monitoring aerosols from surface or space have been developed during the recent years and our present study is especially focused on observations over ocean from two satellite instruments, MODIS/AQUA (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer of NASA) and POLDER/PARASOL (POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances of CNES), that are both part of the “A-Train” constellation. From the radiances reflected by the “Earth-Atmosphere” system, we can monitor the distribution of different aerosol types (smoke, dust, pollution) over specific regions and with a good temporal frequency.We can first compare results obtained by each sensor that are using different techniques, MODIS favor spectral domain when POLDER considers the angular and polarized character of radiances. In a second step, it looks attractive to combine both data sets into a single inversion scheme. To do so, it requires to ensure that the radiances of the two instruments are consistent and to control the coherency of the assumptions used along the retrieval processing. We analyze the different steps: calibration, gaseous absorption and molecular scattering correction as well as the validity of the aerosol models. Lastly, we select specific events to analyze the evolution of aerosol plumes (content, size, composition) transported over the Atlantic Ocean
Dréan, Jérôme. "Mesures électromagnétiques en champ proche pour la caractérisation des materiaux non métalliques et des systèmes rayonnants". Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0011.
Texto completoThe recent growth in wireless communications has raised the need for developing new means of electromagnetic field measurements in the near field domain. Modulated Scattering Techniques (MST) are good candidates for such kind of measurements. We have first started by studying and developing an elementary dipole supplied through electrical wires for locally disturbing the electromagnetic field. We have created a retina and we have proposed and validated an acquisition procedure for measuring the field of the radiating elements in the near field domain with two systems. Finally, from this preliminary work, we have developed a pre-industrial system dedicated to the characterization of non metallic materials in the near field domain. We developed new measurement and calibration techniques for detecting defects in materials and continuously measuring their density distribution. Functional tests of this system have been performed with various materials. Currently, the system is really mature for industrial usage in the X band domain and may also be easily shifted to Ku and Ka band
Marusic, Jean-Christophe. "Fabrication et caractérisation de capteurs potentiométriques à électrolyte solide pour la détection du CO¦2 gazeux". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/MQ46659.pdf.
Texto completoVittoz, Stéphane. "Modélisation et caractérisation de capteurs mécaniques intégrés à base d'hétérostructures AlGaN/GaN pour les environnements hostiles". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837976.
Texto completoVillemin, Guilhem. "Caractérisation de sources large bande dans le domaine temporel sans contraintes sur le nombre de capteurs". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927102.
Texto completoVittoz, Stephane. "Modélisation et caractérisation de capteurs mécaniques intégrés à base d'hétérostructures A1GaN/GaN pour les environnements hostiles". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858501.
Texto completoVittoz, Stéphane. "Modélisation et caractérisation de capteurs mécaniques intégrés à base d'hétérostructures A1GaN/GaN pour les environnements hostiles". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT064/document.
Texto completoSome industrial areas as oil, automotive and aerospace industries, require electromechanical systems working in harsh environments. An elegant solution is to use III–V materials alloys having semiconductor, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. These materials, particularly nitrides such as GaN or AlN, enable design of advanced devices suitable for harsh environment. By using free-standing structure coupled with sensing HEMT transistors that are stable at high temperatures, it is possible to obtain mechanical sensors suitable for harsh environments. This PhD thesis focuses on a cantilever-based strain sensor and a drumskin-based pressure sensor. Analytical models of both sensors have been developed and establish the feasibility of the sensing principle as well as its response linearity. The characterization tests of fabricated prototypes validate the possibility of measuring external mechanical load with both sensors. The linearity of the response has also been confirmed by experimental measurements. The experimental sensitivity is smaller than the theoretical one due to several parasitic effects not included in the model such as parasitic resistance and variable piezoresisitive effects
Baraket, Abdoullatif. "Développement et caractérisation d’un Bio-MEMS intégrant des micro-capteurs pour l’étude des interactions anticorps-antigène". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10132.
Texto completoTrabelsi, Samir. "Contribution à la caractérisation de la matière végétale par des techniques microondes : applications aux capteurs d'humidité". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT108H.
Texto completoGaignebet, Nicolas. "Réalisation et caractérisation de puces de capteurs à cristaux photoniques : Vers un dispositif de biodétection intégré". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI128.
Texto completoThe needs for portable molecular analysis tools are growing, including in the fields of emergency care, early medical diagnosis, or food safety analysis. These needs lead to the development of performant biosensors, meeting the criteria of “Point-of-Care” (POC), that is, the detection in the field, whether at the patient’s place, the physician’s office, etc. POC sensors’ primary missions are to reduce the analysis time and cost, to allow for a quicker therapeutic decision. In addition, thanks to their portability, they can provide analysis availability in remote areas, far from hospitals or medical laboratories. The objective of this PhD work is to develop an optical sensing system, compatible with the POC criteria, and addressing the needs in terms of molecular screening. To meet these criteria, this sensing system should be portable, fast, low-cost, and able to detect multiple biomolecules in parallel on a disposable chip, while providing good sensing performances. The approach presented in this manuscript consists in a lens-less imaging system, exploiting photonic crystals on a silicon chip, with a normal incidence illumination by a low-cost light source. The main results of this PhD work are on one hand the demonstration of a specific detection of biomolecules, thanks to our photonic crystal sensors; and on the other hand the demonstration of the integration of an on-chip spectrometry functionality using photonic crystals, towards an application in lens-less imaging detection compatible with the POC criteria
Giard, Edouard. "Caractérisation et orientation de la filière des détecteurs infrarouge à superréseau InAs/GaSb". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC268.
Texto completoThis work, realized at ONERA (DOTA), focuses on the study and the electro-optical characterization of type II InAs/GaSb superlattice (T2SL) infrared photodetectors. The aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of this high performance infrared cooled photodetector and to focus on its potential to address the high operating temperature (HOT) (T > 120K) MWIR applications. With the Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes, we studied a InAs-rich structure, with more InAs than GaSb in the superlattice period, which exhibits a lower dark current than conventional symmetric structures. I first realized or adapted different test benches to determine the other parameters needed to characterize the detector : current-voltage characteristics, noise, calibrated spectral response and minority carrier lifetime measurements. I demonstrated that the InAs-rich structure has a quantum efficiency (QE) penalized by a very short holes diffusion length. I estimated the value equal to 80nm at 77K. Two solutions have been proposed : the first tested thanks to the first InAs-rich MWIR FPA, is to change the side of the illumination : the average QE is 42% at 77K ; the second is to switch minority carriers type, by doping the structure : a maximum QE of 60% was measured at operating temperatures varying from 77K to 130K and at zero bias voltage. A BLIP temperature of 110K was determined. Ail these results allow us to assess the ability of T2SL to address HOT MWIR applications
Amara, Fadiga. "Contribution à la caractérisation aéraulique des bâtiments : Etude des transferts aérauliques dans les locaux multizones". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0029.
Texto completoThis work is an experimental study about multizone air flow patterns within the Optibat cell, a real scale apartment built in our laboratory hall in a controllad climatic environment. The goal of this study is to build a reference experimental tool in order to provide a data base needed for the validation of numerical models describing air flow pattern within the buildings. The validation of the models requires the knowledge of two elements. By using two pressurisation methods, the guadezone and passive methods, we determined the first element, all the interzone air permeabilities. The second element required for the validation of pressure numerical models is the knowledge of all the interzone air flows that we determined using tracer gas techniques. By using the Optibat climatic environment, a cross sensitivty analysis has been performed for two climatic configurations and four wind speeds. This parametric study has allowed us to gather an important data base on interzone air flows within the Optibat cell. To increase the data base quality, an error anlysis has been carried out to give aconfidence interval for each result. Finally, a first comparision between both the experiment and COMIS code has given good results and has shown the necessity not only to improve the experimental tools but also to determine the confidence intervals of model results