Tesis sobre el tema "Capture réactive"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 41 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Capture réactive".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Ahmadi, Aras. "Modélisation de l'absorption réactive multiconstituant : application au traitement des gaz acides par des solvants aux alcanolamines". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0077/document.
Texto completoThe exhaust gases coming from the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants contain a wide variety of pollutants such as acid gases and can not be discharged directly into the atmosphere. These gaseous pollutants must be treated by postcombustion capture methods in absorption columns using chemical solvents. The objective is then to design a selective removal unit of acid-gases such as CO2, H2S and COS by using solvents of the alkanolamine family. This thesis develops as the first step, a non-equilibrium model, adapted to multicomponent electrolytic and reactive systems, for the representation of reactive absorption columns. The model includes modules to represent the thermodynamics on the basis of true species (ionic and molecular species), the simultaneous heat and mass transfer, and the chemical reactions. The generalized equations of Maxwell-Stefan are used to take into account the multicomponent interactions during diffusion. The reaction scheme is fully included in the liquid phase, and the chemical reactions can be kinetically controlled or at instantaneous equilibrium. The reactive separation at steady-state conditions is then simulated with a rigorous description of the reaction-diffusion phenomena in diffusional films. In the second step, a pilot plant of CO2 capture with an aqueous solution of diethanolamine is implemented for experimental validation of the model. Diethanolamine has high reactivity with respect to CO2; this generates an important concentration profile of solute in the column. The pilot plant is dedicated to model validation; it is equipped with several gas and liquid sampling units at different heights of packing. The longitudinal profiles of the gas and liquid CO2 concentration, the absolute humidity and the liquid temperature can be established experimentally and compared with those from the simulation. The validated simulation tool then becomes a tool to predict the effectiveness of real capture units by reactive absorption
Kamouni, Rachid. "Etude microscopique de la réaction de capture radiative 2H(d, )4HE". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211281.
Texto completoDubois, Clément. "Impact de la réactivité multiphasique sur la composition et les propriétés physico-chimiques de l’aérosol atmosphérique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10223.
Texto completoUltrafine atmospheric aerosols are among the most abundant in the atmosphere. Their implications on the climate and air quality are proven. The various IPCC reports however, have shown that current knowledge is still insufficient to quantify with precision the impact of aerosols on the climate. These uncertainties come from the complexity of atmospheric aerosols and their importance in cloud formation. Indeed, the formation and evolution of these one in the atmosphere lead to changes their size, chemical composition, morphology, and therefore could have major repercussions on their physicochemical properties. Initially, this thesis work focused on the impact of chemical reactions on the physico-chemical properties of light scattering aerosols. Thus, the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols on sulfated particles has been shown to reduce the backscattered intensity of the aerosols formed. In a second step, the work carried out during this thesis aimed to study the implication of the pressure on the chemistry in the condensed phase of ultrafine aerosols, in particular due to the Young-Laplace pressure which can be important for ultrafine aerosols (d < 100 nm). This thesis work started with the development and optimization of an experimental system to study chemical reactions at high pressure. It was thus demonstrated that the photodegradation reactions (here, for vanillin) could be greatly modified at high pressures comparable to those of ultrafine particles. All the results of this thesis work made it possible to highlight the entanglement of multiphase chemical processes on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols
Theroine, Camille. "Etude de la réaction de capture neutronique radiative pour le noyau instable du ¹⁷³Lu par méthode directe et par réaction de substitution". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797443.
Texto completoBattaïa, Guillaume. "Expérimentation versus simulation du transport réactif en milieu poreux, capture des profils de concentration et évolution texturale des solides". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466764.
Texto completoA new type of plug flow reactor is developed. It reproduces a 1D porous medium composed of quartz and reactive solids exposed to the percolation of an aqueous phase, whose concentration profile can be captured through sampling ports. The reaction of CO₂ saturated solutions (5-8 bar) at 40-50°C with carbonate (calcite, dolomite) generates reproducible dissolution fronts migrating downstream with stationary shape. This shape evidences an increase in reactive surface area with increasing dissolution, in agreement with the observed skeletal solid textures. Diopside dissolution in acidic solutions, pH=2, 60°C, generates linear concentration profiles as predicted far from equilibrium. In the initial non-stoichiometric dissolution stage, a Si-dominated surface layer is formed. SEM data suggest an anisotropic distribution of this layer
Siebert, Elisabeth. "Réaction d'électrode à oxygène sur des halogènures électrolytes solides : application aux capteurs potentiométriques". Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0054.
Texto completoOuboukhlik, Maria. "Caractérisation du transfert de matière dans un spray réactif pour le traitement des fumées : application au captage du CO2". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0008/document.
Texto completoPollutant capture, especially of CO2, is still a major challenge nowadays.CO2 capture based on absorption with chemical reaction by aqueous solutions of amines is the most mature technique for post-combustion gas cleaning.The substitution of packed columns by spray columns presents an economical interest since the exchange area between both gas and liquid phases is very important, reducing the size of the absorption column. In addition, gas side pressure losses are avoided and maintenance costs are reduced.The aim of this thesis is to characterize mass transfer in a spray column during a CO2 absorption by an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) by using a new optical technique.The study focuses on the characterization of the local mass transfer between MEA spray and a CO2 atmosphere. In order to achieve this, a non-intrusive optical technique is used: Global Rainbow Technique (GRT). This technique measures the refractive index of droplets in a local portion of the spray. Therefore, the measurement is local with a volume of few cubic millimeters.The refractive index of a solution depends on its temperature and its concentration. Thus, by using a prior calibration in a stirred reactor, the refractive indices of CO2 loaded MEA solutions are correlated with their temperatures and CO2 absorbed concentration. Therefore, measuring refractive index is a measurement of mass transfer extent.GRT is then used during CO2 absorption with chemical reaction, and the amount of CO2 captured per volume unit is measured at several column heights. The experimental results are then compared with mass transfer predictions in a droplet with a model numerically solved in COMSOL Multiphysics.In another hand, gas side mass transfer is characterized by measuring the amount of CO2 in the gas phase with infrared spectrometry during CO2 absorption in an aqueous solution of 30 % MEA. The results are presented in term of capture efficiency and a gas-side mass transfer coefficient is calculated as a function of operating parameters such as gas and liquid flow rates.This work, applied to CO2 capture, deals with mass transfer measurement with GRT through a first application to absorption with chemical reaction. The developed method in this thesis will allow its use for other chemical systems
Battaia, Guillaume. "Experimentation versus simulation du transport réactif en milieu poreux, capture de profils de concentration et évolution texturale des solides". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466764.
Texto completoLukić, Strahinja. "Mesure de sections efficaces de réaction (n,xn) par spéctroscopie γ prompte auprès d'un faisceau à très haut flux instantané". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/LUKIC_Strahinja_2004.pdf.
Texto completoThe work of this thesis is situated in the context of GEDEON program of new neutron-induced reactions cross-section measurements. This program is motivated by the perspectives recently opened by innovating projects of nuclear waste treatment and energy production. This motivation is presented in the introduction. Different databases exist for all reactions on all the materials present in currently operating reactors. For those reactions, the databases rely on experimental data and, consequently, the differences among them are small. On the other hand, there is a shortage of experimental data in the following three cases:For very active isotopes that constitute the waste of currently operating reactors:For reactions that occur only above several MeV of neutron energy and, therefore, have little importance for thermal spectrum reactors:For (n,xn) reactions because there is no universal method applicable to all isotopes. In some cases, there are no data at all. For example, this is the case of 233U(n,2n) reaction. This reaction is, however, very important for the Thorium cycle because 233U is the fissile isotope. This reaction determines the radiotoxicity of the cycle. Where there are no experimental data, the databases rely on theoretical models and differ significantly among themselves. In order to perform cross-section measurements with very active samples, it is indispensable to dispose of a neutron beam facility with very high instantaneous flux, but pulsed at a low frequency. It is for this purpose that n_TOF neutron beam was developed at CERN. When the beam is not monoenergetic but “white” as the one of n_TOF, the only applicable method is prompt γ-spectroscopy. However, this method is a very difficult one to adapt to a high instantaneous beam flux, at least with conventional techniques. Besides detector segmentation, a good solution also requires a reduction of the dead-time per pulse. This thesis presents a technique that was developed in IReS and used to measure inelastic and (n,2n) reaction cross-sections on natural lead at GELINA facility in IRMM Geel, Belgium (a EURATOM research center in Geel, Belgium). [. . . ]
Ouznadji-Ramdane, Houria. "Etude de la distribution du lithium chez la souris, dans l'embryon, dans le cerveau des jeunes et le cerveau des mères, par la radiographie par capture de neutrons". Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0119.
Texto completoWeisbuch, Catherine. "Obtention et caractérisation de peptides réactifs pouvant servir d'antigènes ou de capteurs d'antigènes pour des applications diagnostiques". Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10158.
Texto completoLe, Bras Florent. "Contributions à l'asservissement visuel de véhicules aériens autonomes". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4110.
Texto completoThe visual servo control technology is based on measurements form a camera. This technique appeared in the late 80’s to control mobile robots or manipulators. Recently, visual servoing is applied to flying vehicles, for which this type of control has a strong operational potential. In this thesis, we focus on the design of visual servoing for two types of flying vectors : the VTOL minidrones and fixed-wing aircrafts. We try wherever possible to specify the problem in terms of regulation in the picture by taking into account the limitations of the sensors used. Thus we consider only the onboard sensors autonomous, and whose quality is consistent with a the considered visual servoing tasks. For this, we propose visual servoing laws adapted to the considered systems intheir control structures and their measurement systems. For VTOL minidrones, a series of control laws is proposed to stabilize the vehicle with respect to a relativity flat target which some landmarks are detected in real time. These commands have the distinction of not requiring measurements of the speed of translation. This characteristic is especially interesting, since this variable is particularly difficult to measure without GPS. One of the algorithms has been, validated in fight ion the platform. HoverEye developed by Bertin Technologies, it was, to our knowledge the first image based visual servoing, conducted indoors on a minidrones. For fixed-wing aircrafts, a next autonomous landing technique based on the detection of runway’s edges is proposed. This technique is image based and takes into account the specificities of aircraft flight dynamics. Moreover a specific estimate of cross-wind is proposed. Validation of this approach is performed on a complex simulator which includes images processing. Finally, we sought new applications in image based visual servoing for fixed-wing aircrafts. A control law for precise stabilization on observation orbit has been synthesized. It is based on the detection of a single landmark and translational optical flow. Simulations illustrate the performance of that algorithm
Muller, Sabine. "Régiochimie de l'attaque de l'indolizine par des réactifs électrophiles :les indolizines portant un groupe capteur en position 2". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212133.
Texto completoCarquigny, Stéphanie. "Conception, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de matériaux organiques conducteurs pour le développement de capteurs de gaz pour l’environnement". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10177/document.
Texto completoAs part of the research topic of the Department of Chemistry and Environment at Ecole des Mines de Douai on the development of sensors for gaseous pollutants, previous thesis had enabled the development of a chemical sensor of ammonia with a minimum detectable concentration of 10 ppm, a reversible response and a lifetime of more than 3 years, responding to the major flaw of the electrochemical cells of the market. The sensitive surface of the sensor synthesized in a clean way for the environment, consists mainly of an intrinsically conductive polymer whose electrical resistance varies in proportion to gas concentration.The objective in this thesis is double: on the one hand improve the metrological performance of the ammonia sensor, on the other hand change its sensitive surface by an appropriate method for the specific detection of formaldehyde.For the first objective, different influence parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and interfering gases were first evaluated, then the detection threshold was reduced by a factor of 100 by the realization of thin films on interdigitated electrodes. The performances of different syntheses were compared and finally, the robustness of these sensors has been tested in piggeries, which are among the major contributors of ammonia emissions. For the second objective, more sensitive and selective compounds to formaldehyde were introduced into the sensitive surface of the sensor and tested. The fluoral p was finally selected. The first results showed sensitivity to formaldehyde proportional to its concentration, with a detection limit of a few ppm and a response time less than one minute. The concept used here is innovative and demonstrates the feasibility of formaldehyde detection based on the simple measure of changes in electrical resistance of the sensitive film made. The detection limit must still be decreased to respond to the problem of measuring formaldehyde indoor
Michel, Philippe E. "Elaboration de couches bioactives associées à un capteur optique : compartimentation de séquences tri-enzymatiques et libération interne contrôlée de co-réactifs". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10183.
Texto completoDiedro, Franck. "Influence de la variabilité pétrophysique et minéralogique des réservoirs géologiques sur le transfert réactif. Application au stockage du CO₂". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436039.
Texto completoThe project of this thesis relates the impact of initial variability of geological reservoir on the underground storage of CO₂. We use as a starting point the natural basins such as the carbonated Dogger of the Basin of Paris and sandy reservoirs of Ravenscar (the North Sea). Each of the rebuilt model reservoir was defined by the list of its minerals (calcite, dolomite, chlorite, potassic feldspath, kaolinite, quartz for example for the carbonate reservoir) and by his petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability). The variability of these parameters was simulated using multivariable geostatistic methods operating on their range, stage, and thresholding. We defined important operational parameters to summarize the main properties of storage (namely the quantity of carbon stored in the reservoir, the quantity of carbon precipitated in the form of dolomite, quantity of carbon evacuated by the mobile aquifer, quantity of carbon contained in the water of the reservoir as well as the variation of porosity in the reservoir). Deterministic responsive transfer simulations were then made following different storage scenarios: (a) case of the injection of the initial CO₂ in the tank that has enabled us to set the initial state of the tank, (b) case of an aquifer mobile moving in the tank containing saturated CO₂, and (c) the case of an acidic water moving in a tank containing an neutral aquifer). We have subsequently sought to study the influence variability on operational parameters storage settingsWe have thus highlighted that, compared to the homogeneous case, the heterogeneous field promotes the dolomite carbon storage and decreases the amount of carbon removed by the aquifer. The effect of high petrophysical range and the impact of mobile aquifer have also been studied. Finally, we set up a model of experimental plan, to study the impact of the variability of all input data on selected answers. The effect of numerical dispersion has been studied and we demonstrated their importance in some results. The experimental plan has highlighted the importance of dolomite spot on the carbon stored
Belhache, Dominique. "Optimisation et compensation thermique des céramiques piézoélectriques à sensibilité élevée". Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0036.
Texto completoCanneaux, Sébastien. "Etude théorique de processus atmosphériques : réaction du radical OH avec l'acétone et capture d'un composé organique volatil par une goutte d'eau : thèse pour le doctorat en sciences spécialité Chimie Informatique et Théorique". Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000053.pdf.
Texto completoThe air pollution becomes more and more a topical question. It is now necessary to understand the causes and the consequences of this pollution. This PhD's work becomes integrated in this filed. An introduction shows the main atmospheric processes, and quantum or classical calculation methods which are used. First, this PhD's work includes a contribution to the writting of the KISTHEP software for thermodynamic properties calculations, which are computed from ab initio calculations. Then, a study concerning one of the acetone atmospheric decomposition pathway (reaction with the OH radical) is presented. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of a kinetic model implying a great number of coupled reactional processes. The " non-Arrhenius " behaviour of this reaction suggested the competition of several degradation pathways. Finally in a last part, a study concerning the uptake of Volatil Organic Compounds by a water droplet was carried out. The presence of water droplets in the troposphere involves a multiphasic chemistry. This chemistry is still badly known. This work consisted in importing and testing the softwares necessary to the calculation of mass accommodation coefficient
Nguyen, Trung Hieu. "Multi-capteurs chimiques de chloramines et de chloroforme à transduction optique. Application à la surveillance de la qualité de l’air dans les piscines". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112022.
Texto completoIn swimming-pools, chlorine is used as a disinfectant to minimize the risk to users from microbial contaminants. In water, chlorine reacts with nitrogen compounds generated by human activity like saliva, sweat, urine and skin, leading to the formation of toxic compounds, such as monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2), nitrogen trichloride (NCl3), chloroform (CHCl3), etc… The detection and the quantification of these volatile compounds at ppb level (part per billion) is an important and significant challenge to be able to monitor the air quality in swimming pool. Or, there is currently no commercially available and low-cost system which can instantaneously measure at ppb concentrations.The aim of this research is to develop a cheap, sensitive and selective chemical and colorimetric sensors of monochloramine, nitrogen trichloride and chloroform. For this purpose, we developed chemical sensors based on the use of nanoporous silicate matrices doped with probe-molecules. The NCl3 sensor doped with NaI and amylose can detect NCl3 at ppb level (5 ppb – 180 ppb) in humid atmospheres (from 50% to 80% relative humidity) at ambient pool temperatures. Due to the fast change of color, visible with naked eyes, these sensors can be used to detect peaks of pollution and to monitor the air quality of indoor pools. The NH2Cl selective sensor is based on the Berthelot reaction. The nanoporous silicate matrices doped with sodium nitroprusside and phenol in an alkaline medium, turn from transparent to blue upon exposure to gaseous NH2Cl. This sensor can detect NH2Cl in the range from 60 to 250 ppb in a very humid atmosphere (≈ 80%). Used to probe the quality of pool water, this sensor can detect NH2Cl in water with a detection limit of 0,1 µmol•L-1. A preliminary study of the CHCl3 detection was also conducted to identify probe-molecules capable of reacting with chloroform to form colored products. The reagents of the Fujiwara reaction were selected. The study of the 2,2’-bipyridine reactivity in solution in the presence of a strong base allowed highlighting the simultaneous formation of two colored compounds, whose formation depends on the nature of the reaction environment
Sáinz-García, Álvaro. "Dynamique de stockage souterrain de gaz : aperçu à partir de modèles numériques de dioxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30187/document.
Texto completoClimate change mitigation is one of the major challenges of our time. The anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions have continuously increased since industrial revolution leading to global warming. A broad portfolio of mitigation technologies has to be implemented to fulfill international greenhouse gas emissions agreements. Some of them comprises the use of the underground as a storage of various substances. In particular, this thesis addresses the dynamics of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) underground storage. Numerical models are a very useful tool to estimate the processes taking place at the subsurface. During this thesis, a solute transport in porous media module and various multiphase flow formulations have been implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (Comsol, 2016). These numerical tools help to progress in the understanding of the migration and interaction of fluids in porous underground storages. Three models that provide recommendations to improve the efficiency, monitoring and safety of the storages are presented in this manuscript: two in the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and one applied to underground hydrogen storage (UHS). Each model focus on a specific research question: Multiphase model on CCS. The efficiency and long-term safety of underground CO2 storage depend on the migration and trapping of the buoyant CO2 plume. The wide range of temporal and spatial scales involved poses challenges in the assessment of the trapping mechanisms and the interaction between them. In this chapter a two-phase dynamic numerical model able to capture the effects of capillarity, dissolution and convective mixing on the plume migration is applied to a syncline-anticline aquifer structure. In anticline aquifers, the slope of the aquifer and the distance of injection to anticline crest determine the gravity current migration and, thus, the trapping mechanisms affecting the CO2. The anticline structure halts the gravity current and promotes free-phase CO2 accumulation beneath the anticline crest, stimulating the onset of convection and, thus, accelerating CO2 dissolution. Variations on the gravity current velocity due to the anticline slope can lead to plume splitting and different free-phase plume depletion time is observed depending on the injection location. Injection at short distances from the anticline crest minimizes the plume extent but retards CO2 immobilization. On the contrary, injection at large distances from anticline crest leads to large plume footprints and the splitting of the free-phase plume. The larger extension yields higher leakage risk than injection close to aquifer tip; however, capillary trapping is greatly enhanced, leading to faster free-phase CO2 immobilization. Reactive transport model on convective mixing in CCS. Dissolution of carbon-dioxide into formation fluids during carbon capture and storage (CCS) can generate an instability with a denser CO2-rich fluid located above the less dense native aquifer fluid. This instability promotes convective mixing, enhancing CO2 dissolution and favouring the storage safety
Breuil, Philippe. "Élaboration de couches minces de dioxyde d'étain sensibles à l'action des gaz. Performances électriques et mécanismes réactionnels". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845136.
Texto completoLe, Pen Gwenaëlle. "Effet de traitements chroniques par des agents toxicomanogènes sur les propriétés appétitives et sur les effets stimulants moteurs de la cocaïne et d'un inhibiteur sélectif de la capture de dopamine, le GBR12783". Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES021.
Texto completoFaure, Alexandre. "Cinétique et dépendance en température des réactions neutre-neutre dans le gaz interstellaire froid". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724502.
Texto completoKanso, Malak. "Modélisation, réalisation et caractérisation d'un capteur plasmonique à fibre optique : effets de la rugosité, des réactions de surface et de la cinétique dans un système microfluidique". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00296650.
Texto completoSin, Irina. "Modélisation numérique d’écoulement diphasique compressible et transport réactif en milieux poreux - Applications à l'étude de stockage de CO2 et de réservoir de gaz naturel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0058.
Texto completoHuman activity in the subsurface has rapidly been expanding and diversifying (waste disposal, new mining technologies, high-frequency storage of energy), while the public and regulatory expectations keep growing. The assessment of each step of underground operations requires careful safety and environmental impact evaluations. They rely on elaborate simulators and multiphysics modeling. With its process-based approach, reactive transport simulation provides an effective way to understand and predict the behavior of such complex systems at different time and spatial scale.This work aims at incorporating a compressible multiphase flow into conventional reactive transport framework by an operator splitting approach. A multiphase flow module is developed in the HYTEC reactive transport software. A new approach is then developed to fully couple multiphase multicomponent compressible flow, the complex thermodynamic description of the fluid properties, with existing reactive transport codes. The method is implemented in HYTEC. Some validation is provided, before application to the simulation of underground storage of CO2 and associated impurities
Turri, Laura. "Stockage du CO2 par carbonatation minérale de l’olivine : étude du procédé global pour la valorisation des produits de la réaction et la séparation des particules de chromite par flottation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0067/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the study of direct carbonation of olivine in solution, for the chemical transformation of CO2 emitted by the industries. The influence of operating conditions is evaluated in order to optimize the yield of the reaction. However, for environmental acceptability and economic viability of the project, the beneficiation of recoverable metals and products is considered. Chromite particles contained in olivine are unreactive during the carbonation reaction: the separation is developed by flotation upstream of the reaction. According to the results, the extraction of chromite by magnetic separation is also conceivable. Gravimetric separation by sedimentation is considered to recover residual olivine in the reaction products, in order to recycle them in the carbonation process. Products sieving allowed to concentrate carbonates (less than 40 µm) and silica (between 40 and 106 µm). However, the co-precipitation of mixed carbonates due to the presence of iron and nickel included in the magnesium matrix, compromises the purification and the optimal valorization of the solids. Moreover, the formation of a passivation layer on the particles surface limits the conversion of olivine. Pretreatment of olivine is envisaged for the leaching of nickel in ammoniac solution. Besides, preliminary dissolution of olivine and selective precipitation of species with pH control of the solution can be an interesting alternative for higher carbonation extent and more efficient purification of the products
El, Zein Atallah. "Etudes en laboratoire des interactions d'oxydants atmosphériques (NO2, HONO, H2O2, HO2, OH) avec des aérosols minéraux". Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2023.
Texto completoMineral dust is the most abundant aerosol injected into the atmosphere. The dust surfaces provide the seedbed for adsorption and heterogeneous transformation of trace gas molecules and can affect the content of key atmospheric species. In this context, the goal of the present work was the experimental investigation of the reactivity of mineral dust particles toward trace atmospheric gases. The interaction of gaseous reactants (NO2, HONO, H2O2, OH, HO2) with mineral oxides (TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Arizona Test Dust) was studied using a photoreactor developed during this work for studies of heterogeneous photochemical processes. The photoreactor comprises a low pressure (several Torr) flow reactor (irradiated with 6 UV lamps) combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer for analysis of gas phase species. The uptake coefficients (determined as the probability of gas species loss per collision with reactive surface) as well as the products of heterogeneous reactions were determined as a function of different parameters such as the mass of mineral film, initial concentration of the gaseous reactant, temperature, relative humidity, concentration of oxygen and UV irradiation intensity. The mechanisms of the heterogeneous processes studied and their atmospheric implications are discussed. In particular, the data obtained in the present work indicate that the contribution of the aerosol to the total loss of HONO in the planetary boundary layer is negligible. Instead, the interaction of H2O2 and of HO2 radicals with mineral aerosols may be an important sink for HOX (OH, HO2) species in the troposphere with an effect on the oxidative capacity of the troposphere
Piot, Adrien. "Etude de la fabrication et de la transduction d'un microgyromètre piézoélectrique tri-axial en GaAs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS059/document.
Texto completoA 3 axis gyroscope allows, with a single mechanical structure, the measurement of rotation rates of an object around 3 perpendicular spatial axes. Existing 3 axis microgyroscopes are scarce and typically resonating, made in silicon technology by surface micromachining, use electrostatic transductions and are designed for high volume applications where size and cost are major characteristics. In this thesis we investigated the transduction and fabrication process of a resonating 3 axis microgyroscope having piezoelectric actuation and detection, made in semi-insulating GaAs by bulk micromachining, and with performances potentially much higher than state of the art while limiting the size and cost. This microgyroscope requires a 3D piezoelectric transduction and circuitry which were modelled and optimized to reduce cross-talks effects. An original batch fabrication process was developed, modelled and characterized. This process notably makes use of very deep through wafer reactive ion etching of GaAs in a BCl3-Cl2 plasma. It is demonstrated for the first time that a through wafer highly anisotropic etching of 450 μm deep trenches can be realized owing to etching parameters optimization and the use of a resist masking layer. An original deposition and patterning process of Au/Cr electrodes on the vertical walls of an etched structure by oblique evaporation on rotated substrate through a dry film shadow mask has also been investigated in details. A fine characterization of the crystallographic structure, resistivity and mechanical stress before, during and after annealing of Au/Cr films evaporated under oblique incidence has been performed. Full microgyroscopes with the whole 3D tranduction system were realized. Preliminary characterizations of realized gyroscopes by out-of-plane and in-plane optical vibrometry demonstrated promising results. Finally, different ways to improve the design and fabrication process are proposed
Sin, Irina. "Modélisation numérique d’écoulement diphasique compressible et transport réactif en milieux poreux - Applications à l'étude de stockage de CO2 et de réservoir de gaz naturel". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0058/document.
Texto completoHuman activity in the subsurface has rapidly been expanding and diversifying (waste disposal, new mining technologies, high-frequency storage of energy), while the public and regulatory expectations keep growing. The assessment of each step of underground operations requires careful safety and environmental impact evaluations. They rely on elaborate simulators and multiphysics modeling. With its process-based approach, reactive transport simulation provides an effective way to understand and predict the behavior of such complex systems at different time and spatial scale.This work aims at incorporating a compressible multiphase flow into conventional reactive transport framework by an operator splitting approach. A multiphase flow module is developed in the HYTEC reactive transport software. A new approach is then developed to fully couple multiphase multicomponent compressible flow, the complex thermodynamic description of the fluid properties, with existing reactive transport codes. The method is implemented in HYTEC. Some validation is provided, before application to the simulation of underground storage of CO2 and associated impurities
Rocheman, Simon. "Validation expérimentale des outils de simulation des réactions nucléaires induites par les neutrons et les protons dans le silicium : irradiation d'une diode silicium et d'une caméra CCD". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20241.
Texto completoThe spatial environment is a radiative environment mostly composed of protons. These particles are not only a danger for electronic component but they also leads to secondary neutrons in the atmosphere. When these protons and neutrons go through matter, they can induce nuclear reaction and then create ionizing particles. By this mean, nuclear reactions induced with silicon in electronic component can cause malfunctions. These mistakes are a real issue for applications in planes or space. Some nuclear reaction simulation tools have been developed to predict the error rate. For neutron - silicon and proton - silicon reactions between 1 and 200 MeV, databases have been generated by a nuclear physic code. The aim of this work of thesis is to validate the databases. In a first step, nuclear physic public experimental data have been used to verify some aspects of the databases. In addition, we irradiated two silicon based sensors (a diode and a CCD camera) and we confronted the simulation of these experiment using databases to experimental results
Darne, Raphaëlle. "Etude photophysique des transferts pariétaux". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_DARNE_R.pdf.
Texto completoAl, Maksoud Walid. "Des matériaux hybrides pour le captage de bio-toxiques : Par greffage des poly-aromatiques obtenus via une méthodologie palladocatalysées in et ex-aqua. Par greffage des molécules poly-azotées". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845468.
Texto completoNdjaka, Ange. "THERMOPHYSICAL PROCESSES AND REACTIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS INDUCED BY CO2 INJECTION IN DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3003.
Texto completoCO2 storage in deep saline aquifers has been recognised as one of the most promising ways to mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions and thus respond to the challenges of climate change. However, the injection of CO2 into the porous medium considerabely disturbs its thermodynamic equilibrium. The near-well injection zone is particularly impacted with a strong geochemical reactivity associated with intense heat exchanges. This has a major impact on injectivity of the reservoir and the integrity of the storage. In addition to these effects, there is the added complexity of the presence of two immiscible phases: brine (wetting fluid) and CO2 (non-wetting fluid). These effects lead to highly coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes, whose interpretations have not yet been completed nor formally implemented into the numerical models.This thesis work, combining experimental measurements and numerical modelling, focuses on the study of the coupling between the thermal gradients and the diffusive reactive transport processes taking place in the deep saline aquifers, particularly in the near-well injection zone. We studied the exchanges between a cold anhydrous CO2 phase flowing in high permeability zones, and a hot salty aqueous phase trapped in the porosity of the rock. The strategy of the study starts with a simple approach in a free medium without CO2 flow, in order to study the reactivity of saline solutions of different chemical compositions, and to evaluate the impact of a thermal gradient on this reaction network.We have developed an experimental cell that allow to superimpose 2 to 3 layers of solution of different concentration and chemical composition. The analysis of the light scattered by the non-equilibrium fluctuations of concentration and temperature allows to obtain the diffusion coefficients of salts in water. Our results are in good agreement with literature values. Regarding the study of diffusive reactive transport, the analysis of the contrast of the images allowed us to highlight the fact that the precipitation of minerals, obtained by superimposing two aqueous layers of reactive, is accompanied by a convective instability that fades with time. Numerical modelling of the experimental results with PHREEQC using a heterogeneous multicomponent diffusion approach has allowed us to account for these convective instabilities. Different temperature gradients were applied to the reactive system, while keeping a mean temperature of 25 °C. The experimental observations and numerical interpretations swhow that the temperature gradient has no significant influence on the behaviour of the system. Subsequently, we numerically studied the desiccation process (evaporation of water) at the interface between a brine trapped in the rock porosity and the CO2 flowing in a draining pore structure, simulating the conditions of the Dogger aquifer of the Paris basin. A model coupling the evaporation of water in the CO2 stream and the heterogeneous multicomponent diffusion of salts predicts the appearance of a mineral assemblage at the evaporation front, mainly composed by halite and anhydrite. Modelling this phenomenon at the reservoir scale would requires taking into account the evaporation rate as a function of the CO2 injection rate and the change in porosity at the interface.This thesis work has made it possible to highlight several physicochemical, thermophysical and diffusive transport phenomena at phase interfaces. This opens up new perspectives for improving numerical approaches and large-scale modelling, in particular of near-well injection of CO2 and geological storage reservoirs, and supports future industrial developments and technologies for the ecological transition
Mangane, Papa Ousmane. "Caractérisation des changements dans les propriétés de réservoir carbonaté induits par une modification dans la structure des pores lors d'une injection de CO2 : application au stockage géologique de CO2". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20003/document.
Texto completoGeological storage of CO2 is one of diverse technologies being explored to reduce atmospheric carbon from industrial processes (i.e. fossil fuel combustion). One of the specific features of CO2 injection is the possibility of geochemical reactions (dissolution – precipitation) between mobile reactive brine (e.g. formation water enriched in CO2) and the host rock during the spatial and temporal evolution of CO2. That leads to modifications in the pore structure which in turn change the flow dynamics of the reservoir (e.g. the permeability k). Then, theses structural modifications can largely control the injectivity, so that the pressure field in the reservoir and also the CO2 propagation. Accordingly, it is crucial to explore the changes in the reservoir properties (e.g. structural and hydrodynamic) induced during a CO2 injection and specially the relationships between them (e.g. k or reactive surface-Sr versus porosity- , k versus rock heterogeneity), for developing predictive modelling tools of the transport and reaction processes occurring during a CO2 injection and reliable risk assessment. In the case of carbonate rocks, the application of the predictive models of transport and reaction is still challenging, because of their high heterogeneity so that the incertitude in the reaction kinetics of carbonate minerals. From this perspective, we realized brine-enriched in CO2 percolation experiments through carbonate rock samples in thermodynamic conditions expected during CO2 injection in deep reservoirs (T = 100°C et P =12 MPa). The permeability changes k(t) is monitored during the experiments and the porosity variation is calculated from chemical analyses of the sampled outlet fluids, using ICP-EAS. The pore structure modifications are investigated from high resolution X ray micro tomography images acquired from the synchrotron of Grenoble (ESRF). Depending to the dissolution regime, controlled by the reservoir rock fabric and the chemical composition of the brine (e.g. PCO2), we observed that a modification of pore structure can either improve (atypical result in dissolution context) or impair the value of the permeability k. Keywords: CO2 geological storage, transport, geochemical reactions, pore structure, hydrodynamic properties, brine enriched in CO2 percolation experiments, X ray microtomography
Boutoux, Guillaume. "Sections efficaces neutroniques via la méthode de substitution". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654677.
Texto completoRaveloson, Joharivola. "Influence de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres thermodynamiques et de cinétique chimique sur la précipitation des minéraux carbonatés en milieu poreux (stockage minéral du CO2)". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0746/document.
Texto completoThe present work is based on the study of water-rock interactions in the case of CO2 storage in geological media. Particular attention is devoted to heterogeneities at different observation scales geochemical phenomena. These heterogeneities can be observed at different scales: the grain (mineral crystallinity present defects and impurities), and the centimeter scale / multi- decametric (rocks are heterogeneous at different scales). In particular, the thermodynamic parameters logK and chemical kinetics kS (in this work we considered the product of the rate constant k by the specific surface area S is kS as "chemical kinetics parameter") are known from laboratory experiments to a few centimeters in size, while we are interested in mineralogical reactions across tanks.We propose to evaluate the geostatistical characteristics of the local variability after reaction through simulations of reactive transport on a small scale in which various parameters (logK and kS) are perturbed with a first spatial variability imposed. A combination of both approaches is discussed: deterministic and geostatistical for the study of geochemical problems at different scales. The reactive transport code - COORES (IFP - EN and Ecole nationale supérieure des mines de Saint -Etienne) was used for deterministic simulations and the geochemical system studied concerns the dissolution of diopside with precipitation of secondary minerals such as calcite and magnesite.After analysis by the method of design of experiments, the results show that high spatial correlation variance combined with high dispersion of minerals promotes a high reactivity when minerals chemically disturbing is the kinetic parameter kS. In addition, a high velocity injection accelerates the dissolution of the mineral studied. However, the effect of spatial variability of the thermodynamic parameter, did not significantly affect the results, the system behaves as in the homogeneous case. From the standpoint of homogenizing the parameter kS, include the influence of the history of dissolution
Morin-Duponchelle, Guillaume. "Reconnaissance automatisée de points d’intérêts pour un robot d’inspection dans un environnement contraint et dégradé : inspection visuelle et chimique par un robot hexapode". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0009.
Texto completoThe thesis subject concerns the automatic recognition of points of interest (PI) for an inspection robot in a constrained and degraded environment. The objective of this thesis work is to develop a robotic platform capable of carrying out autonomous missions based on detected visual and chemical PIs, a so-called bimodal problem. The combination of visual and chemical percepts optimizes localization accuracy and ensures information redundancy. The field of study concerns 3 application cases: case 1, the inspection is carried out in a confined space (industrial environment). Case 2, the inspection is carried out in an environment with a proven risk of loss of signal and predominantly rocky (mine, underground quarry). Case 3, the inspection is carried out in an environment that has undergone significant deformations and therefore a modified and chaotic geometry of the inspection sites (natural disasters such as earthquakes or landslides in an urban environment). In this study, a contextual case analysis method is proposed and presented in order to analyze the constraints of the different complex environments for the robotic solution. The thesis therefore brings together different issues: the study of environmental constraints, the choice of the robotic solution, autonomous navigation and visual and chemical servoing. Following this contextual analysis, a state of the art is oriented on the terrestrial robotic platform to determine the most suitable robotic solution to operate in the 3 application cases. The hexapod robots were chosen for their ability to overcome obstacles, their stability, and their carrying capacity for sensors, in particular. A method is proposed to reach the source of the percept in an unstructured environment by relying on visual and chemical PIs. For the evaluation of the proposed methodology, the visual PIs considered are of the QR code type and the detection of the concentration of a gas concerning chemical servoing. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is first demonstrated by simulations. Finally, a hexapod prototype is designed, built and developed using the ROS software architecture. The developed hexapod carried out a mission within an industrial environment and inside a shipbuilding including a series of obstacles (case 1 of the study). The results of this robotic approach arefinally presented, commented and discussed
Seddiki, Sélim. "Contribution au développement du détecteur de Vertex de l'expérience CBM et étude de faisabilité des mesures du flot elliptique des particules à charme ouvert". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862654.
Texto completoAlgive, Lionnel. "Évolution des propriétés pétrophysiques d'écoulement pendant une injection de CO2 et impact induit au niveau de l'injectivité". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL072N/document.
Texto completoThe geological storage of CO2 is considered as an attractive option to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. CO2 is not an inert gas, however. Its dissolution in brine forms a weak acid that has the potential to react with the host rock formation. The induced pores structure modification impacts the flow properties. Thus, to ensure the viability and sustainability of CO2 storage, operators need simulations that take into account the specificities of reactive transport. However, the macroscopic coefficients of the reactive transport equation are modified from the values of an inert tracer by surface reactions. These specificities due to mass transfer are currently not considered. Similarly, the permeability-porosity (K-F) relationship is only estimated semi-empirically. The aim of this thesis was to develop a method to obtain the macroscopic coefficients and the K-F laws, by solving the equations governing the pore-scale phenomena. To do this, we used the Pore Network Modelling approach (PNM). The advantage of the PNM is that it explicitly takes into account the pore structure, while conceptualizing the latter to a set of pores and throats whose morphology is simplified into spheres or cylinders for instance. The study is based into two successive upscalings: from local-scale to pore-scale, then from pore-scale to core-scale. The reactive transport problem is solved for basic elements, analytically or numerically. Then, using the solutions previously found at the pore scale, the reactive transport phenomena are treated throughout the network. Our model was validated by observations on micromodels and by a comparison with an acid-induced alteration experiment
Bachaud, Pierre. "Stockage du CO₂ dans les aquifères profonds : Etude en conditions réelles des propriétés de confinement des roches de couverture et de leur altération". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL084N/document.
Texto completoA promising solution to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse effect gases consists in the injection and long-term storage of a part of the industrial carbon dioxide discharges in underground formations. These formations must be composed of a reservoir surrounded by tight caprocks, which represent the first barrier preventing fluids migration. The characterization of their confining properties and of their evolution in presence of CO2 is thus a key element regarding a storage site security. This work presents a methodology allowing the measurement of caprocks transport parameters and the consequences of an alteration under representative conditions of deep aquifers storage. This methodology was applied to carbonate rocks from the Paris basin. The breakthrough pressure, the diffusion coefficient of CO2 dissolution products, and the permeability, controlling parameters of leakage mechanisms, were measured before and after alteration of the materials by reaction with a CO2-saturated brine under reservoir thermodynamic conditions (about 80°C and 100 bar). Results revealed a satisfactory global behaviour under these aggressive conditions, but also a strong diminution of the confinement potential in presence of initial structural faults (sealed fractures, large-diameter pores…) forming higher-permeability zones. A numeric simulation describing the evolution of a homogeneous rock formation during 1000 years was also realized based on parameters directly measured or obtained by modelling of the alteration experiments. It showed that the transformations brought by the CO2 storage under a rock formation with no initial faults remain very localized spatially
Ung, Hervé. "Quasi real-time model for security of water distribution network". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0015/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to model the propagation of a contaminant inside a water distribution network equipped with real time sensors. There are three research directions: the solving of the transport equations, the source identification and the sensor placement. Classical model for transport of a chemical product in a water distribution network isusing 1D-advection-reaction equations with the hypothesis of perfect mixing at junctions. It isproposed to improve the predictions by adding a model of imperfect mixing at double T-junctions and by considering dispersion effect in pipes which takes into account a 3-D velocity profile. The first enhancement is created with the help of a design of experiment based on the Delaunay triangulation, CFD simulations and the interpolation method Kriging. The second one uses the adjoint formulation of the transport equations applied with an algorithm of particle backtracking and a random walk, which models the radial diffusion in the cross-section of a pipe.The source identification problem consists in finding the contamination origin, itsinjection time and its duration from positive and negative responses given by the sensors. The solution to this inverse problem is computed by solving the adjoint transport equations with a backtracking formulation. The method gives a list of potential sources and the ranking of thosemore likely to be the real sources of contamination. It is function of how much, in percentage, they can explain the positive responses of the sensors.The sensor placement is chosen in order to maximize the ranking of the real source of contamination among the potential sources. Two solutions are proposed. The first one uses agreedy algorithm combined with a Monte Carlo method. The second one uses a local search method on graphs. Finally the methods are applied to a real test case in the following order: the sensor placement, the source identification and the estimation of the contamination propagation