Tesis sobre el tema "Capture et la conversion du CO2"
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Danaci, Simge. "Optimisation et intégration de catalyseurs structurés en réacteurs structurés pour la conversion de CO₂ en méthane". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI041/document.
Texto completoIn this doctoral study, the three dimensional fibre deposition (3DFD) technique has been applied to develop and manufacture advanced multi-channelled catalytic support structures. By using this technique, the material, the porosity, the shape and size of the channels and the thickness of the fibres can be controlled. The aim of this research is to investigate the possible benefits of 3D-designed structured supports for CO2 methanation in terms of activity, selectivity and stability and the impact of specific properties introduced in the structural design of the supports
Brandvoll, Øyvind. "Chemical looping combustion : fuel conversion with inherent CO2 capture". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1203.
Texto completoChemical looping combustion (CLC) is a new concept for fuel energy conversion with CO2 capture. In CLC, fuel combustion is split into seperate reduction and oxidation processes, in which a solid carrier is reduced and oxidized, respectively. The carrier is continuously recirculated between the two vessels, and hence direct contact between air and suel is avoided. As a result, a stoichiometric amount of oxygen is transferred to the fuel by a regenerable solid intermediate, and CLC is thus a varient of oxy-fuel combustion. In principle, pure CO2 can be obtained from the reduction exhaust by condensation of the produced water vapor. The termodynamic potential and feasibility of CLC has been studied by means of process simulatons and experimental studies of oxygen carriers. Process simulations have focused on parameter sensitivity studies of CLC implemented in 3 power cycles; CLC-Combined Cycle, CLC-Humid Air Turbine and CLC-Integrated Steam Generation. Simulations indicate that overall fuel conversion ratio, oxidation temperature and operating pressure are among the most imortant process parameters in CLC. A promising thermodynamic potentail of CLC has been found, with efficiencies comparable to, - or better than existing technologies for CO2 capture. The proposed oxygen carrier nickel oxide on nickel spinel (NiONiA1) has been studied in reduction with hydrogen, methane and methane/steam as well as oxidation with dry air. It has been found that at atmosphereic pressure and temperatures above 600° C, solid reduction with dry methane occurs with overall fuel conversion of 92%. Steam methane reforming is observed along with methane cracking as side reactions, yealding an overall selectivity of 90% with regard to solid reduction. If steam is added to the reactant fuel, coking can be avoided. A methodology for long term investigation of solid chemical activity in a batch reactor is proposed. The method is based on time variables for oxidaton. The results for NiONiA1 do not rule out CLC as a viable alternative for CO2 capture, but long term durability studies along with realistic testing of the carrier in a continuous rig is needed to firmly conclude. For comparative purposes a perovskite was synthesized and tested in CLC, under similar conditions as NiONiA1. The results indicate that in a moving bed CLC application, perovskites have inherent disadvantages as compared to simpler compounds, by virtue of low relative oxygen content.
Kim, Hyung Rae. "Chemical Looping Process for Direct Conversion of Solid Fuels In-Situ CO2 Capture". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250605561.
Texto completoMARCHESE, MARCO. "Conversion of industrial CO2 to value-added fuels and chemicals via Fischer-Tropsch upgrade". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2914540.
Texto completoBoulmene, Rida. "Etude théorique de l'aspect microscopique de la capture et du stockage de CO2 par les zéolites : étude des clusters de Zn-Imidazole et triazole avec CO2". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1093/document.
Texto completoSeveral experimental and theoretical studies have shown the ability of zeolitic-imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) materials to capture the CO2 gas. In this study, we have focused on the interaction of CO2 with one of the sub-unit of ZIFs ie the complex between the imidazole and zinc (Im-Zn+q, q = 0 ,1, 2) or triazole without zinc. Various adsorption sites are examined for these complexes.The calculations were performed using ab initio methods MP2; CCSD(T)-F12 and density functional theory with PBE PBE0, M1 and M05-2X functionals with different basis set (aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ and 6-311++G(d, p), tightly integrated in GAUSSIAN and MOLPRO packages. The Grimme corrections for dispersion forces description (DFT-D3) are also included.Our results shows that the stability of our complex structures is achieved by the presence of strong covalent bonds (chemical bonds of organic ligands) and also by Van der Waals and hydrogen weak bonds. Both types of bonding are in competition. This allowed us to better understand the experimental observations
Younes, Mourad. "Capture du CO2 par anti-sublimation : conception, simulation et réalisation d'un prototype". Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1192.
Texto completoMissions of CO2 are increasing, leading to temperature increase of Earth. This led to the Kyoto Protocol which aims at the elaboration of policies of limitation of the emissions of greenhouse gases among which CO2. A large number of options exist to limit CO2 emissions associated with energy production, one of them is developed in this dissertation, the CO2 capture from flue gases. Usual techniques of CO2 capture are briefly analyzed. The major part of this work concerns the development of a new CO2 capture based on the CO2 frosting at low temperature. The CO2 frosting is performed by a refrigerating system composed of an integrated cascade, which offers evaporating temperatures lower than the CO2 frosting temperature. Several architectures are analyzed in order to choose the most energy efficient one. A prototype mock-up has been designed and realized for the validation of the global concepts of the CO2 frosting and defrosting. The components have been sized using computerized tools developed for the modeling of multi-stage integrated cascades. The system includes two low-temperature evaporators operating alternatively in frosting and defrosting modes to permit continuous system operation. The "cold" energy from defrosting is recovered by the refrigerant blend, which permits to improve the energy efficiency of the system
Ricci, Olivia. "Capture et stockage géologique du CO2 à partir de biomasse : quelles perspectives économiques ?" Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0506/document.
Texto completoIn a context of unbridled growth of global energy demand and environmental pressure in the fight againstglobal warming, this thesis studies one of the proposed technologies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions: carbon capture and geological storage (CCS). We therefore consider the application of thistechnology to the production of bioenergies (BCCS) because this technology allows purifying theatmosphere while providing a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels. The first part of this work analyzesthe economic and environmental potential of BCCS. First, an economic and environmental assessment ofBCCS in the bioethanol production in France is conducted. Then, using the bottom-up optimization modelTIAM-FR, we study the global and regional potential of this technology in the electricity sector. Finally,the economic incentives that need to be provided to ensure BCCS deployment are highlighted. In thesecond part, a general equilibrium model is used to evaluate environmental policies. We construct thetheoretical model by introducing the CCS and BCCS as well as a wide range of economic instruments.The model is then calibrated to compare the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments at a globallevel and at a French level
Coupan, Romuald. "Clathrates d’Hydroquinone : aspects fondamentaux et appliqués pour la séparation du CO2 d’un mélange CO2/CH4". Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3033/document.
Texto completoOrganic clathrate compounds, particularly those formed between hydroquinone (HQ) and gases, are supramolecular entities recently highlighted as promising alternatives for applications such as gas storage and separation processes. This study deals with an evaluation of the HQ clathrates to separate CO2 from CO2/CH4 gas mixtures through direct gas-solid reaction. On the fundamental point of view, new insights into several properties of the CO2-, CO2/CH4-, and CH4-HQ clathrates were studied: spectroscopic signatures, crystal structures, morphologies, gas storage capacities, guest release temperatures and structural transition temperatures. This work also offers new elements of understanding HQ clathrate formation and dissociation mechanisms. It is shown that, for capturing CO2 the most selectively and efficiently, the enclathration reaction has to be done with the “guest-free intermediate” derived from the CO2−HQ clathrates. On a practical point of view, the equilibrium curves, the dissociation enthalpies, and the occupancies at the equilibrium clathrate forming conditions, were determined for the CO2- and CH4-HQ clathrates in an extended range of temperature from about 288 to 354 K. Moreover, the kinetics of the gas-solid enclathration reaction were studied experimentally and modelled. In this way, HQ-based composite materials were developed and allows to reversibly capture and store gases, and to significantly improve the enclathration kinetics. The hydroquinone clathrate based gas separation (HCBGS) process was also investigated. The influence of the process operating parameters (i.e. reaction time, pressure, temperature and feed gas composition) on the CO2 capture kinetics, the selectivity toward CO2, and the storage capacity were assessed through experiments performed at pilot scale
Debost, Maxime. "Synthèse et étude structurale de nanozeolites à petits micropores pour la capture du CO2". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC232.
Texto completoThe goal of this work is to prepare template-free small pore nanosized zeolites. The direct synthesis of nanosized CHA and RHO type zeolites without organic structure directing agents provided materials with a Si/Al ratio suitable for the separation of CO2 from CH4. The first part of this study concerns the development of a new synthetic route towards preparation of small pore nanozeolites from water clear precursor suspensions. The nanocrystals have a diameter of 30 - 200 nm and a Si/Al ratio of 1.4 to 2.6. The second part is dedicated on the crystallographic analysis of the RHO and CHA nanosized zeolites in hydrated and dehydrated forms. Precession electron diffraction tomography (PEDT) and in-situ powder XRD methods were used to characterize the structure of the newly synthesized materials with nanosized dimensions. The third part of the thesis includes the adsorption studies of CO2 and CH4 in the CHA and RHO nanosized zeolites. The high selectivity of the zeolite nanocrystals synthesized with different cations (Cs, Na, K) towards CO2 in the presence of CH4 is demonstrated
Bougie, Francis y Francis Bougie. "Sterically hindered amine based absorbents and application for CO2 capture in membrane contactors". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25107.
Texto completoTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2014-2015
La séparation des gaz dans des contacteurs à membrane (MC) est une technologie de pointe qui offre plusieurs avantages par rapport aux contacteurs traditionnels (colonnes garnies), mais très peu d'efforts ont été consacrés pour développer de nouvelles solutions absorbantes spécialement optimisées pour les applications dans les MC. Actuellement, aucun absorbant disponible ne répond complètement aux exigences pour la mise en œuvre de la séparation industrielle des gaz acides, le CO2 en particulier, dans les contacteurs à membranes. L'objectif principal de ce travail a été de développer un absorbant à base d’alcanolamine à encombrement stérique (SHA), présentant les caractéristiques spécifiques exigées pour application dans les MC (bonnes capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération facile et plus économique, résistance à la dégradation, compatibilité avec les membranes et haute tension superficielle) et d’étudier son efficacité pour la capture du CO2 dans différentes configurations de contacteurs à membrane et conditions opératoires. Bien que les alcanolamine fortement encombrées stériquement sont caractérisées par une faible cinétique d’absorption du CO2, le fait qu’elles possèdent un grand potentiel pour réduire la consommation d'énergie lors de la régénération des solutions riches en CO2 a été l’un des paramètres clés dans le choix de l’AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxyméthyle-1,3-propanediol). Pour améliorer le taux d'absorption, la pipérazine (Pz) s'est avérée un activateur très efficace; l'addition de petites quantités de Pz aux solutions aqueuses d’AHPD améliore significativement la cinétique d'absorption du CO2. Il a été aussi trouvé que le mélange AHPD-Pz a également une très bonne capacité d’absorption. L'étude de la régénération des solutions d’amines usées (contenant du CO2) a révélé que des solutions à base d’alcanolamines fortement encombrées stériquement (AHPD en particulier), sont beaucoup plus facilement régénérables par rapport à la MEA, l'amine de référence utilisée industriellement dans la séparation des gaz acides. De plus, l'ajout d'une petite quantité de Pz dans une solution aqueuse d’AHPD permet d’obtenir presque la même capacité cyclique et efficacité de régénération que les solutions non-activées par la Pz, mais pour la moitié de la durée du processus d'absorption. Outre les propriétés absorbantes des liquides, les performances des MC pour la séparation du CO2 dépendent fortement de la compatibilité entre la membrane et l’absorbant. Sur la base des propriétés liées au mouillage des membranes, comme la tension superficielle du liquide, l’angle de contact, la pression de percée et la stabilité chimique, une nouvelle méthode graphique d’estimation de la tension superficielle des solutions aqueuses d'amines, d'alcools ou d’alcanolamines a été développée pour permettre la sélection des meilleures conditions pour éviter le mouillage des membranes. Il a été trouvé que les solutions à base d’AHPD (comme AHPD + Pz) ont un fort potentiel d'utilisation dans les MC en raison de leur tension superficielle élevée. La méthode développée a aussi permis d'identifier de nouvelles amines potentielles pouvant être utilisées dans les MC. Une bonne stabilité et résistance à la dégradation est une autre caractéristique importante des solutions absorbantes. L'étude de la stabilité de différentes solutions aqueuses d’amines à la dégradation thermique et oxydative, en absence et en présence de CO2, a révélé que les SHA sont plus résistantes à la dégradation thermique que les amines conventionnelles, mais que la présence d'oxygène les dégrade plus significativement en absence de CO2. Toutefois, la présence de CO2 dans les solutions à base de SHA est bénéfique, car la formation préférentielle du bicarbonate conduit à une réduction significative du taux de dégradation oxydative. Le faible degré de dégradation de la solution aqueuse AHPD + Pz confirme son potentiel comme absorbant pour le CO2. Finalement, la performance des solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz pour la capture du CO2 dans des MC a été étudiée dans différentes conditions opératoires et configurations des modules (fibres creuses et membranes plates, membranes en PTFE, PP et laminées PTFE/PP, différents débits du liquide, compositions de gaz et orientations des flux gazeux et liquide (co- et contre-courant)). Les solutions AHPD + Pz ont montré une excellente performance. Sur la base des données expérimentales, une étude de modélisation de la capture du CO2 dans des MC à fibres creuses PTFE a démontré l'effet positif des solutions présentant une tension superficielle élevée sur la réduction du mouillage de la membrane. En conclusion, les résultats de cette thèse ont montré que les solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz possèdent une bonne capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération plus facile et moins énergivore, résistance à la dégradation, haute tension superficielle et démontre d'excellentes performances pour la capture du CO2 dans les MC, en représentant une alternative intéressante à la MEA.
La séparation des gaz dans des contacteurs à membrane (MC) est une technologie de pointe qui offre plusieurs avantages par rapport aux contacteurs traditionnels (colonnes garnies), mais très peu d'efforts ont été consacrés pour développer de nouvelles solutions absorbantes spécialement optimisées pour les applications dans les MC. Actuellement, aucun absorbant disponible ne répond complètement aux exigences pour la mise en œuvre de la séparation industrielle des gaz acides, le CO2 en particulier, dans les contacteurs à membranes. L'objectif principal de ce travail a été de développer un absorbant à base d’alcanolamine à encombrement stérique (SHA), présentant les caractéristiques spécifiques exigées pour application dans les MC (bonnes capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération facile et plus économique, résistance à la dégradation, compatibilité avec les membranes et haute tension superficielle) et d’étudier son efficacité pour la capture du CO2 dans différentes configurations de contacteurs à membrane et conditions opératoires. Bien que les alcanolamine fortement encombrées stériquement sont caractérisées par une faible cinétique d’absorption du CO2, le fait qu’elles possèdent un grand potentiel pour réduire la consommation d'énergie lors de la régénération des solutions riches en CO2 a été l’un des paramètres clés dans le choix de l’AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxyméthyle-1,3-propanediol). Pour améliorer le taux d'absorption, la pipérazine (Pz) s'est avérée un activateur très efficace; l'addition de petites quantités de Pz aux solutions aqueuses d’AHPD améliore significativement la cinétique d'absorption du CO2. Il a été aussi trouvé que le mélange AHPD-Pz a également une très bonne capacité d’absorption. L'étude de la régénération des solutions d’amines usées (contenant du CO2) a révélé que des solutions à base d’alcanolamines fortement encombrées stériquement (AHPD en particulier), sont beaucoup plus facilement régénérables par rapport à la MEA, l'amine de référence utilisée industriellement dans la séparation des gaz acides. De plus, l'ajout d'une petite quantité de Pz dans une solution aqueuse d’AHPD permet d’obtenir presque la même capacité cyclique et efficacité de régénération que les solutions non-activées par la Pz, mais pour la moitié de la durée du processus d'absorption. Outre les propriétés absorbantes des liquides, les performances des MC pour la séparation du CO2 dépendent fortement de la compatibilité entre la membrane et l’absorbant. Sur la base des propriétés liées au mouillage des membranes, comme la tension superficielle du liquide, l’angle de contact, la pression de percée et la stabilité chimique, une nouvelle méthode graphique d’estimation de la tension superficielle des solutions aqueuses d'amines, d'alcools ou d’alcanolamines a été développée pour permettre la sélection des meilleures conditions pour éviter le mouillage des membranes. Il a été trouvé que les solutions à base d’AHPD (comme AHPD + Pz) ont un fort potentiel d'utilisation dans les MC en raison de leur tension superficielle élevée. La méthode développée a aussi permis d'identifier de nouvelles amines potentielles pouvant être utilisées dans les MC. Une bonne stabilité et résistance à la dégradation est une autre caractéristique importante des solutions absorbantes. L'étude de la stabilité de différentes solutions aqueuses d’amines à la dégradation thermique et oxydative, en absence et en présence de CO2, a révélé que les SHA sont plus résistantes à la dégradation thermique que les amines conventionnelles, mais que la présence d'oxygène les dégrade plus significativement en absence de CO2. Toutefois, la présence de CO2 dans les solutions à base de SHA est bénéfique, car la formation préférentielle du bicarbonate conduit à une réduction significative du taux de dégradation oxydative. Le faible degré de dégradation de la solution aqueuse AHPD + Pz confirme son potentiel comme absorbant pour le CO2. Finalement, la performance des solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz pour la capture du CO2 dans des MC a été étudiée dans différentes conditions opératoires et configurations des modules (fibres creuses et membranes plates, membranes en PTFE, PP et laminées PTFE/PP, différents débits du liquide, compositions de gaz et orientations des flux gazeux et liquide (co- et contre-courant)). Les solutions AHPD + Pz ont montré une excellente performance. Sur la base des données expérimentales, une étude de modélisation de la capture du CO2 dans des MC à fibres creuses PTFE a démontré l'effet positif des solutions présentant une tension superficielle élevée sur la réduction du mouillage de la membrane. En conclusion, les résultats de cette thèse ont montré que les solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz possèdent une bonne capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération plus facile et moins énergivore, résistance à la dégradation, haute tension superficielle et démontre d'excellentes performances pour la capture du CO2 dans les MC, en représentant une alternative intéressante à la MEA.
Gas separation in membrane contactors (MC) is a forefront technology offering several advantages over traditional packed columns, but very few efforts have been made to develop new absorbent solutions optimized specifically for application in MC. Currently, no available absorbent meets all required characteristics for the implementation of membrane contactors for acid gas separation (CO2 in particular) in industrial units. The main objective of this work was to develop a dedicated sterically hindered alkanolamine (SHA) based absorbent with improved characteristics for application in MC (good absorption capacity and reaction kinetics, regeneration facility, resistance to degradation, compatibility with membranes and high surface tension) and to investigate its efficiency for CO2 capture in different membrane contactor configurations and operation conditions. Although low kinetics characterizes highly sterically hindered alkanolamines, their potential to reduce the energy consumption during the regeneration step brings us to focus on AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol). To improve the absorption rate, piperazine (Pz) was found to be a very effective activator; the addition of small amounts of Pz to aqueous AHPD solutions has significant effect on the enhancement of the CO2 absorption rate. The blend AHPD-Pz was also found to present very good absorption capacity. The investigation of the regeneration of loaded (CO2 containing) amine solutions revealed that highly hindered SHA based solutions (AHPD in particular) are much easier to regenerate compared to MEA, the benchmark amine industrially used in acid gas separations. Moreover, the addition of small amount of Pz into AHPD aqueous solution allowed to obtain almost the same cyclic capacity and regeneration efficiency as non-activated solutions, but for half of the absorption time. Besides the liquid absorbent properties, the performances of MC for CO2 separation strongly depend on the compatibility between absorbent and membrane. Based on wetting-related properties like liquid surface tension, contact angle, membrane breakthrough pressure and chemical stability, a new graphical surface tension estimation method for aqueous amine, alcohol or alkanolamine solutions was developed to select the best conditions to elude the unwanted membrane wetting phenomenon. AHPD-based solutions (like the AHPD + Pz solution) were found to have a strong potential for use in MC because of their very high surface tension. In addition, the developed method allowed to identify new potential amines for use in MC. A good stability and resistance to degradation is another important feature of CO2 absorbents. The investigation of the stability of different aqueous amine solutions to thermal and oxidative degradation, in the absence and the presence of CO2, revealed that SHA are more resistant to thermal degradation than conventional amines, but the presence of oxygen degraded them more significantly in the absence of CO2. However, the presence of CO2 is beneficial to SHA as the preferential bicarbonate formation in solutions reduces by a large extent the oxidative degradation rate. The low degradation degree of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution reaffirms its potential as CO2 absorbent. Finally, the performance of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution for CO2 capture in MC was investigated in different operational conditions and module configurations (hollow fibers and flat sheets membranes, PTFE, PP and laminated PTFE/PP membranes, various liquid flow rates, gas compositions and flow orientation (co- and counter-current)). Excellent performance was found for AHPD + Pz solutions. Based on experimental data, a modeling study of CO2 capture in PTFE hollow fiber MC revealed the positive effect of solutions presenting high surface tension on the reduction of membrane wetting. In summary, the results of this thesis showed that AHPD + Pz aqueous solution possess good absorption capacity, reaction kinetics, regenerative potential, and degradation resistance, as well as high surface tension and showed excellent performance for CO2 capture in MC, representing an interesting alternative to MEA.
Gas separation in membrane contactors (MC) is a forefront technology offering several advantages over traditional packed columns, but very few efforts have been made to develop new absorbent solutions optimized specifically for application in MC. Currently, no available absorbent meets all required characteristics for the implementation of membrane contactors for acid gas separation (CO2 in particular) in industrial units. The main objective of this work was to develop a dedicated sterically hindered alkanolamine (SHA) based absorbent with improved characteristics for application in MC (good absorption capacity and reaction kinetics, regeneration facility, resistance to degradation, compatibility with membranes and high surface tension) and to investigate its efficiency for CO2 capture in different membrane contactor configurations and operation conditions. Although low kinetics characterizes highly sterically hindered alkanolamines, their potential to reduce the energy consumption during the regeneration step brings us to focus on AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol). To improve the absorption rate, piperazine (Pz) was found to be a very effective activator; the addition of small amounts of Pz to aqueous AHPD solutions has significant effect on the enhancement of the CO2 absorption rate. The blend AHPD-Pz was also found to present very good absorption capacity. The investigation of the regeneration of loaded (CO2 containing) amine solutions revealed that highly hindered SHA based solutions (AHPD in particular) are much easier to regenerate compared to MEA, the benchmark amine industrially used in acid gas separations. Moreover, the addition of small amount of Pz into AHPD aqueous solution allowed to obtain almost the same cyclic capacity and regeneration efficiency as non-activated solutions, but for half of the absorption time. Besides the liquid absorbent properties, the performances of MC for CO2 separation strongly depend on the compatibility between absorbent and membrane. Based on wetting-related properties like liquid surface tension, contact angle, membrane breakthrough pressure and chemical stability, a new graphical surface tension estimation method for aqueous amine, alcohol or alkanolamine solutions was developed to select the best conditions to elude the unwanted membrane wetting phenomenon. AHPD-based solutions (like the AHPD + Pz solution) were found to have a strong potential for use in MC because of their very high surface tension. In addition, the developed method allowed to identify new potential amines for use in MC. A good stability and resistance to degradation is another important feature of CO2 absorbents. The investigation of the stability of different aqueous amine solutions to thermal and oxidative degradation, in the absence and the presence of CO2, revealed that SHA are more resistant to thermal degradation than conventional amines, but the presence of oxygen degraded them more significantly in the absence of CO2. However, the presence of CO2 is beneficial to SHA as the preferential bicarbonate formation in solutions reduces by a large extent the oxidative degradation rate. The low degradation degree of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution reaffirms its potential as CO2 absorbent. Finally, the performance of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution for CO2 capture in MC was investigated in different operational conditions and module configurations (hollow fibers and flat sheets membranes, PTFE, PP and laminated PTFE/PP membranes, various liquid flow rates, gas compositions and flow orientation (co- and counter-current)). Excellent performance was found for AHPD + Pz solutions. Based on experimental data, a modeling study of CO2 capture in PTFE hollow fiber MC revealed the positive effect of solutions presenting high surface tension on the reduction of membrane wetting. In summary, the results of this thesis showed that AHPD + Pz aqueous solution possess good absorption capacity, reaction kinetics, regenerative potential, and degradation resistance, as well as high surface tension and showed excellent performance for CO2 capture in MC, representing an interesting alternative to MEA.
Ramkumar, Shwetha. "CALCIUM LOOPING PROCESSES FOR CARBON CAPTURE". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274882053.
Texto completoLalitha, Anusha. "Modelling of MOF/Graphene oxide composites and their performances for CO2 capture". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS003.
Texto completoRecently, most of the research attention has been focused on controlling global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases. The advantage of developing adsorbents for physisorption-based CO2 capture resides in the reduction of energy penalty and easier recyclability. Composite systems (MOF/GO) made from the assembly of graphene oxide (GO) with Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) together with tailored functionalities have been recently revealed as promising candidates to selectively adsorb CO2 over diverse gases including N2 and CH4. In this PhD, an innovative computational methodology integrating density functional theory calculations and force field-based molecular dynamics simulation has been applied to provide a first atomistic picture of the interactions at the MOF/GO interface with the main objective to characterize the nature of the interactions between the two components, the surface coverage, the GO conformation that all together are expected to play a key role in the compatibility of the composite. As a first step, a careful attention has been paid to develop a structural model for the GO containing –hydroxyl, -epoxy and –carboxylic groups consistent with the experimental observation on the C/O ratios. As a proof of concept, the zinc-based zeolite imidazole framework ZIF-8 has been considered and its MOF surface model has been taken from our previous work. The MOF/GO interface has been further built and detailed analysis of the MOF/GO interfaces has been generated. A systematic computational exploration of the impact of the nature of the MOFs as well as of the functionalization of GO has been further deployed. Subsequently, the adsorption and separation performances were modelled for these MOF/GO systems using Monte Carlo simulations. These computational findings were supported by experimental data collected within the frame of the H2020 EU GRAMOFON and paves way towards a more rationale development of mixed matrix membranes
Sohaib, Qazi. "Capture post-combustion du dioxyde de carbone en couplant des contacteurs membranaires et liquides ioniques : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG016.
Texto completoPost-combustion CO2 capture in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC), using imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) as absorbents, was studied through an experimental and modeling approach. Equilibrium solubility of CO2 in RTILs was measured by isochoric pressure drop. Pore wetting was analyzed by measuring surface tension of the RTILs, contact angle and liquid entry pressure (LEP). The experimental work of CO2 capture from a gas mixture was carried out with a laboratory scale unit using a single HFMC for absorption or two coupled HFMCs one for absorption and a second for desorption working simultaneously. Furthermore, robust and rigorous dynamic modelling approaches were developed for isothermal (with RTILs) and non-isothermal (with AAILs) absorption. Both isothermal and non-isothermal models were validated with experimental data and were used to simulate a large range of operating conditions. Initial high values of CO2 absorption rate and experimental mass transfer coefficients decreased with operation time and reached a nearly constant value at pseudo-steady-state. Before reaching pseudo-steady-state, the separation efficiency of coupled process was higher when compared with the absorption with a single module
Venet, Saphir. "Stockage du CO2 et séparation CO2/CH4 par des matériaux de silice à porosité et fonctionnalité contrôlées : étude expérimentale et modélisation de dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3027/document.
Texto completoThis work aims to evaluate the performance of silica-based materials and to rationalize their synthesis according to their desired adsorption properties (capacity and/or selectivity) by combining experimental approaches and the management of the molecular animal. These materials are ideally suited for CO2 adsorption capacity but also CO2/ CH4 selectivity. The different stages of this work were:- the synthesis and functionalization of the silica materials,- their textural and chemical characterization,- the determination of CO2 adsorption capacities, of their CO2/ CH4 selectivity.- the characterizations by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques of tests to try to locate the adsorption of CO2 and to measure its mobility,- microscopic identification by the factor of physic-Factors influence the preferential adsorption of CO2 and its diffusivity in the role of hydrophilic / hydrophobic character in silica by functional.These objectives required the preparation of high specific surface materials through a simple sol-gel process. These materials have been modified in order to obtain a degree of functionalization with -CH3 groups sufficient to modify the hydrophilic nature of the material while maintaining a sufficient specific surface area. The influence of pore size was also probed.The adsorption capacities of the gases under pressure were carried out for pure gases but also on CO2/ CH4 mixtures in different proportions. The CH4/ CO2 selectivity, often estimated from the pure body isotherms and / or the IAST method, was in this case determined from the direct measurement of the isotherms of the gas mixtures. It has become apparent that water plays a crucial role in adsorption capacity and selectivity. This parameter is one of those studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of the introduction of hydrophobic groups has also been explored.The results obtained by molecular dynamics are on the whole in good agreement with the experimental data. These two parallel experience / theory approaches have highlighted the selectivity of one of the materials for applications where the gaseous effluent is little loaded with CO2
Wang, Wei. "Matériaux à base de carbone pour la conversion et le stockage d'énergie électrochimique et chimique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF059.
Texto completoEnergy conversion and storage have always been the two critical issues for human society. In this thesis, we focus on the development of sustainable carbon materials for effective electrochemical energy storage, especially for supercapacitors, and supported nickel catalysts for chemical energy conversion and storage, mainly on CO2 methanation. Two different biomass derived carbon structures, i.e. hierarchical carbon foam and graphene-like carbon nanosheets, have been synthesized and applied for supercapacitor. Exceptional electrochemical performances have been obtained. Meanwhile, nickel decorated macroscopic shape catalyst (Ni/OCF) has been developed for CO2 methanation with enhanced catalytic performance powered by electromagnetic induction heating (IH). The rapid energy regulation capability of IH system to jugulate the problem of temperature runaway has also been investigated in the last part using powdered alumina supported nickel catalyst for this exothermic reaction
Gonzalez, Perez Alfonso. "Etudes expérimentales et modélisation du comportement de phase et des propriétés de transport des mélanges liés à la capture et au stockage du carbone". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM059/document.
Texto completoThe main aim of this research is to develop a thermodynamic model from an accurate equation of state (EoS) for CO2, hydrocarbons and other gases as N2, O2, Ar, etc. The SAFT-VR Mie EoS was selected to study the phase behaviour and transport properties of mixtures related to carbon capture and storage (CCS). In order to asses this new version of SAFT, several equations of state have been compared (PR, SRK and PC-SAFT). SAFT-VR Mie EoS provides very good density predictions for pure component and binary systems according to the comparative study carried out. Therefore, three transport properties were modelled with SAFT-VR Mie and two models based on density predictions from the EoS. Thus, density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) of CO2-rich systems were calculated by this SAFT-EoS (density), TraPP model (viscosity) and DGT (IFT), in the framework of CCS. Some experimental work was done, in order to extend the available literature data. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium of H2S-Ar binary system was determined at three temperatures from 258 to 288 K. Densities of five binary systems of H2S with methane, ethane and propane were measured continuously at 3 temperatures (253, 273 and 293K) and at pressures up to 30MPa. Following the same technique, the density of the ternary system 42%CO2, 40%CH4 and 18%H2S was measured at pressures ranging from 0.2 to 31.5MPa and at 6 temperatures between 253 and 353K. Densities and viscosities of a multicomponent CO2-rich with 50% of impurities were measured at 5 temperatures between 283 and 423 K and at pressures up to 150 MPa
Di, Felice Luca. "CO2 capture and catalytic steam reforming of tar produced in the fluidized bed gasification process". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/DI_FELICE_Luca_2010.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of the Ph. D. Work was the improvement of the biomass gasification performances, focusing on two main aspects: product gas quality (tar elimination) and in situ CO2 capture, in order to carry out a further chemical valorisation. The PhD work has been developed in four main directions: 1. Laboratory tests of a biomass gasification process, at real process conditions by means of a firstly prepared catalytically activated filter element inserted in the freeboard of a fluidized bed steam gasifier. The presence of tar (heavy, aromatic hydrocarbons) is the main obstacle for a chemical and energetic valorisation of the product gas. 2. The study of simultaneous hydrocarbon (methane, aromatics) reforming and CO2 capture by means of commercial, readily available materials (a nickel catalyst mixed with calcined dolomite, CaOMgO). The model compounds used are representative of tar produced in a real biomass gasification process. 3. The study of the opportunity of optimize the granular, mineral solid material for a system performing the double function of steam reforming and CO2 capture, improving the catalytic activity of dolomite for reforming reactions. Effect of addition of iron and nickel to the dolomite structure. 4. The study of CO2 capture by particles of dolomite in a gas-fluidized in a laboratory-scale reactor. Step-response experiments have been performed to determine CaO conversion rates in the bed as a function of time and dolomite particle diameter. A simple flow-with-reaction model of the process is proposed
BAISSE, PIERRE. "Etude experimentale des effets des lasers co2, yag et argon sur l'email et imagerie consecutive". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU35003.
Texto completoZamboni-Corredor, Ingrid-Rocio. "Préparation et étude de systèmes catalytiques Fe/CaO performants pour la pyrolyse/gazéification de la biomasse "Miscanthus" et la capture de CO2". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF037.
Texto completoImprove the hydrogen production from the conversion of renewable resources such as biomass is a real challenge in the context of the production of clean and efficient energy. In fact, during the biomass steam gasification, hydrogen is produced with significant amounts of CO2, CH4 and heavy, toxic and complex aromatic molecules called tars. This work focuses on the production of hydrogen by steam reforming of tar with in-situ CO2 capture. We propose a catalytic bi-functional material Fe/CaO-Ca12Al14O33 where iron favors the H2 production and simultaneously the CaO-Ca12Al14O33 capture CO2 in a fixed bed reactor. This work led also to the development of a CaOCa12Al14O33/ olivine system adapted for biomass gasification "Miscanthus" in a fluidized bed reactor
Gicquel, Leïla. "Étude des mécanismes et cinétiques d’interactions sodium-CO2 : contribution à l’évaluation d’un système de conversion d’énergie au CO2 supercritique pour les réacteurs rapides à caloporteur sodium". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAM0012.
Texto completoThis PhD study consisted in studying reactive mechanisms and kinetics of sodium-CO2 interactions, in the frame of the assessment of an energy conversion system with supercritical CO2 for fast breeder reactors cooled by sodium. The approach was the following. First of all, the interactions between sodium and CO2 have been brought to light by laboratory experiments associated with products analysis. They have enabled the establishment of a coherent mechanism, in agreement with literature data, and gave preliminary indications on the reaction kinetics. In order to estimate a more detailed reaction kinetics, we tried to approach the phenomenon that appears in the case of a leak in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. Geometry of such heat exchangers is not fixed for the moment, even if the development of compact exchangers is foreseen. Then, free jets of CO2 in liquid sodium have been modeled in order to obtain, by identification, kinetics parameters of the reaction. Those parameters, estimated with such a geometry, will remain valid with a much complex geometry, that will better represent the real exchanger. An experimental bench has been defined and built to realize those jets. The first laboratory experiments have concluded in the existence of different reactive mechanisms according to the temperature level. A threshold has been brought to light around 500 °C. Below this one, reaction appears moderated, or even, slow, with a medium exothermicity, and appears after an induction period that depends on the temperature, and which duration could reach several hours. At contrary, above this threshold, it seems rapid and more exothermic. Below 500 °C, sodium oxalate is produced, and then reacts with sodium in an exothermic way, following the reactions : CO2 + Na ! 1/4 Na2C2O4 + 1/4 CO + 1/4 Na2CO3 (5) 4 Na + Na2C2O4 ! 3 Na2O + CO + C (6) Above 500 °C, sodium carbonate is produced, and can then possibly react with sodium in an endothermic way, following the reactions : 4 Na + 3 CO2 ! 2 Na2CO3 + C (7) 4 Na + Na2CO3 ! 3 Na2O + C (8) This last reaction has been observed in calorimetry. Reaction has also been studied with the development of a model of a reactive CO2 jet in liquid sodium. This model is based on an hydrodynamics that enables the calculation of speed and flow rates within the jet. It does not take into account sliding phenomenon between liquid and gaseous phases, and propose an homogeneous description of the jet. This model has been validated with sodium-water system during the years 1980-1990. Chemical reactions and associated kinetics, of an Arrhenius type, have been introduced. Pre-exponential factors and activation energies are the parameters to identify. Values taken by temperatures in every point of the jet depend on those parameters, and, according to their values, it is possible to define three areas where the reaction is slow, moderated or rapid. An experimental bench, called DISCO2 (Determination of Sodium-CO2 interactions), that enable the estimation of kinetics parameters, has been built in the CEA of Cadarache. DISCO2 enables to realize reactive jets of CO2 in liquid sodium and to record temperatures within the jet, thanks to a comb of thermocouples. Tests carried out in the two above mentionned ranges of temperature have enabled to find again the temperature threshold seen in calorimetric studies. Experimental campaigns have enabled to estimate parameters in both fields of temperature and to strengthen the reactive mechanism. Two series of parameters have been estimated, each one in both fields of temperature. The reactionnal mechanism introduced into the model was adapted to each area of temperature. The reactions (5) and (7) were initiallyregarded as dominating in each area. Then mechanism has been improved with the addition of reactions (6) and (8), successive and competitor to reactions (5) and (7). The second option appeared better in both areas. Sodium-CO2 system is exothermic and its reaction is less vigorous, but more complex than the one between sodium and water. In fact, it depends on temperature and, according to the place where it takes place, in a heat exchanger, it will not form the same products. Modeling and elements of chemical kinetics resulting from this study will be considered as entry data to the global study of sodium-CO2 interaction in foreseen systems. They will enable the determination of the associated detection, safety and mitigation devices
Daza, Yolanda Andreina. "Closing a Synthetic Carbon Cycle: Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Carbon Monoxide for Liquid Fuels Synthesis". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6079.
Texto completoRicaurte, Fernandez Marvin José. "Séparation du co2 d’un mélange co2-ch4 par cristallisation d’hydrates de gaz : influence d’additifs et effet des conditions opératoires". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3031/document.
Texto completoThe separation of CO2 from a gas mixture by crystallization of gas hydrates is a process that could eventually provide an attractive alternative to the conventional techniques used for CO2 capture. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of this "hydrate" process to separate CO2 from a CO2-CH4 gas mixture, rich in CO2. We have studied in particular the selectivity of the separation toward CO2 and the hydrate crystallization kinetics. The effects of thermodynamic and kinetic additives (and some additive combinations) on these two parameters for different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, concentrations) were evaluated. Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments were performed in "batch mode” in a high pressure reactor, and with an experimental pilot rig designed and built entirely during this thesis. A semi-empirical model was also developed to estimate the water to hydrate conversion and the composition of the different phases (hydrates, liquid and vapor) at equilibrium. The results show that the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) used as a kinetic promoter, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as a thermodynamic promoter, provides interesting results in terms of both the amount of hydrates formed and the hydrate formation kinetics. The selectivity of the separation toward CO2 remains too low (an average of four CO2 molecules trapped in the hydrate structure for one of CH4) to consider using this "hydrate" process on a larger scale to separate CO2 from such a gas mixture
Rillard, Jean. "CO2 perturbation in aquifers : reaction kinetics and metals behavior". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10033/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to investigate hydrogeochemical perturbation induced by CO2 in natural aquifers. In a first step, we used chemical data from natural CO2-rich hydrothermal water. We studied variation of fluid chemical composition as a function of CO2 content in order to evaluate reactivity of minerals composing the initial reservoir. Fluid chemical analyses showed decrease in pH, and systematic enrichment in alkalinity and major cations correlated to increase in CO2 content. Chemical reaction was studied by kinetic approach to estimate variation of mineral reactive surface area as function of CO2 perturbation. Results showed that mineral reactive surface area could varied by two to four orders of magnitude as a function of CO2 perturbation. In a second step a field experiment of injection of water saturated with CO2 in aquifer has been carried out. Analysis of groundwater composition before and after injection allowed to study the impact of CO2 perturbation on water-rock interaction processes. A particular focus was made on dissolved metals behavior. Results showed a decrease in pH (from 7.3 to 5.7), involved with enrichment in alkalinity by a factor two, and by approximately one order of magnitude for dissolved metals (Fe, Mn, Zn) and by a factor two for As. Saturation index showed that dissolution of metals oxide such as ferrihydrite was correlated to iron release. These results showed that, in our field experimental conditions, CO2 perturbation induced an enrichment in dissolved elements with more significant effect on dissolved metals. These results highlight the importance of proper physic-chemical characterization of fluid and reservoir rock and in-situ kinetic of reaction in the eventual option of Co2 geological storage
Toubassy, Joseph. "Étude et modélisation du givrage du CO2 sur un évaporateur à glissement de température". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0108.
Texto completoThe carbon dioxide capture and storage is the solution to reduce CO2 emissions from large stationary sources. CO2 capture by "Antisublimation" consists in cooling flue gases under the CO2 triple point, which goes then directly from vapor to solid phase. The CO2 concentration variation induces a temperature variation of about 20 K through the heat exchanger. The exergy optimization of the heat exchanger is a necessity to improve the CO2 separation and the process energy performance.Since the CO2 properties under the triple point are not defined, new equations are proposed to calculate CO2 thermodynamic properties for solid-vapor equilibrium. A CO2-N2 psychrometric chart is developed to represent the flue-gas gliding temperature. The study of the flue–gas side heat and mass transfer requires antisublimation understanding. The classical nucleation theory is adopted to identify parameters that affect the mass transfer and frost morphology. A qualitative and quantitative experimental investigation is performed to study the frost formation and its dependence on the supersaturation and solute concentration. The solid CO2 observation under 200x magnification ratio proves that antisublimation occurs by heterogeneous nucleation. A CFD multiphase and multi-component transient model able to predict the frost formation and growth as a function of the heat-exchanger structure and flow conditions is proposed
Neveux, Thibaut. "Modélisation et optimisation des procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0266/document.
Texto completoCO2 capture processes by chemical absorption lead to a large energy penalty on efficiency of coal-fired power plants, establishing one of the main bottleneck to its industrial deployment. The objective of this thesis is the development and validation of a global methodology, allowing the precise evaluation of the potential of a given amine capture process. Characteristic phenomena of chemical absorption have been thoroughly studied and represented with state-of-the-art models. The e-UNIQUAC model has been used to describe vapor-liquid and chemical equilibria of electrolyte solutions and the model parameters have been identified for four solvents. A rate-based formulation has been adopted for the representation of chemically enhanced heat and mass transfer in columns. The absorption and stripping models have been successfully validated against experimental data from an industrial and a laboratory pilot plants. The influence of the numerous phenomena has been investigated in order to highlight the most limiting ones. A methodology has been proposed to evaluate the total energy penalty resulting from the implementation of a capture process on an advanced supercritical coal-fired power plant, including thermal and electric consumptions. Then, the simulation and process evaluation environments have been coupled with a non-linear optimization algorithm in order to find optimal operating and design parameters with respect to energetic and economic performances
Boucif, Noureddine. "Modélisation et simulation de contacteurs membranaires pour les procédés d'absorption de gaz acides par solvant chimique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0280/document.
Texto completoThe overarching objective of this thesis is the research of mathematical models which are better to describe the process of gas-liquid absorption in a membrane contactor with porous or dense hollow fibers. The geometric configuration of these contactors, combined with their low energy consumption and their compactness, allows them to gradually replace conventional processes such as packing towers and absorption columns. Our goal is to study the performance of these innovative processes by developing more rigorous mathematical models. In this scope, we studied several cases where the hydrodynamics of fluid flow, the nature of the solute or solvent have been changed. First, only the hydrodynamics of the fibre side compartment has been taken into account for two types of an absorption process with and without chemical reaction. Subsequently, the hydrodynamics of fluid flow in both the fiber side as shell side were taken into consideration. Models have been developed for classical carbon dioxide absorption in monoéthanolamine solutions (liquid absorption of reference) where the flow fluid in the shell were is assumed to obey a plug-flow in a first case, described by the surface free model known as "Happel model" in a second case, and finally characterized by the momentum Navier-Stokes equations in a third case. The comparison of the numerically simulated results collected from the three models showed that those of the third case matched very closely with the laboratory experimental results
Trompelt, Michael. "Untersuchung von Möglichkeiten zur Wirkungsgradsteigerung von braunkohlegefeuerten IGCC-Kraftwerken mit CO2-Abtrennung". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-158214.
Texto completoRenner, Marie. "The Emergence of Carbon Capture and Storage Techniques in the Power Sector". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100045/document.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the techno-economic and social conditions required for the emergence of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) techniques in the power sector, in compliance with CCS role in long-term mitigation scenarios. The research combines two complementary approaches: the positive one deals with the economic and social determinants necessary to trigger CCS investments, and addresses two significant issues: (1) for which CO2 price is it worth investing in CCS plants, and (2) when is CCS use socially optimal? The normative approach gives recommendations on how CCS can best be deployed as part of a least cost approach to climate change mitigation. Notably, recommendations are provided about the optimal combination of CCS policy supports that should be implemented. This Ph.D. dissertation is composed of four chapters. The first two chapters embrace the investor’s vision and highlight the determinants necessary for CCS commercial emergence. The last two chapters embrace the public decision-makers’ vision. Based on the fact that, although cost-effective, one technology may not be deployed because of social acceptance issues, Chapter 3 deals with CCS public acceptance and optimal pollution. Chapter 4 goes further and addresses the optimal CCS investment under ambiguity by providing a decision criterion with simulations on the European Union’s 2050 Energy Roadmap
Battaia, Guillaume. "Experimentation versus simulation du transport réactif en milieu poreux, capture de profils de concentration et évolution texturale des solides". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466764.
Texto completoRodriguez, Machine Carla Thais. "Raman spectroscopic study of CO2 capture and separation by semi-clathrate hydrates crystallization and investigation of exchange processes in hydrates". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR003.
Texto completoNowadays, fossil fuels are constantly burnt to fulfill the increasing human and industrial demand in energy, and as a consequence, large quantities of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are released in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming. It is therefore pressing to develop efficient post-combustion CO2 mitigation techniques that are also efficient and environment-friendly, and as such, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies involving the Hydrate-Based Separation Process (HBSP) have attracted a lot of attention. HBSP consists in encapsulating small gas molecules (e.g. CO2, nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4)) within crystalline ice-like compounds known as clathrate hydrates or hydrates. Previous works have shown that promoters like tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) considerably improves the guest-gas trapping mechanism in semi-clathrate hydrate (sc). Hence, while HBSP proves to be a suitable technique for selective CO2 capture and energy recovery, advancing the fundamental understanding of processes at play is still needed before large-scale practical applications can be routinely considered. This work aims to better comprehend CO2 separation and capture processes using sc-hydrate technology, while also exploring exchange processes in hydrates to open a perspective towards industrial applications.First, the guest distribution in the hydrate phases of CO2¬-based clathrate hydrates as a function of parameters (initial composition, p, T) is revisited and elucidated by ex-situ high-resolution Raman spectroscopy. Up to now, there is a gap in the literature regarding the discrimination of the contribution of the small and large cages in CO2-based hydrates, mainly due to the Fermi resonance effect. So far, only a single study has attempted to distinguish these contributions in CO2-clathrates, however with a questionable interpretation. One of the novelties of the present work is to revisit the vibrational properties of CO2-clathrates to identify distinct frequency shifts depending on the structural environment of CO2 molecules, thereby improving our knowledge of CO2 encapsulation mechanisms in hydrates. High-resolution Raman analysis and neutron diffraction analyses are additionally performed in CO2-based TBAB-semi-clathrates for characterization purposes.Second, the influence of two different formation protocols (quick and slow crystallization protocols, commonly used in hydrate formation) on the encapsulation mechanisms, the structure, and the selectivity of CO2+N2-TBAB compounds is investigated by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. A new dissociation point (pressure and temperature) is obtained and our results highlight that slow hydrates formation rates exert a variable performance on CO2 selectivity at temperatures far from the dissociation point, while a better performance is observed when approaching dissociation. Similarly, separation factors reach their greatest values close to the dissociation, depending however on the sc crystal structure formed. Surface morphology variation is monitored by optical microscopy and exhibits a continuous transformation with temperature, starting from a rough surface coated with polygonal or stacked shaped crystals to the formation of columnar TBAB-sc crystals near dissociation. Moreover, the influence of the formation kinetics on CO2 separation and selectivity is explored.Finally, a potential application of CO2 separation and capture by HBSP is addressed through the investigation of the exchange mechanism when exposing CO2 clathrate hydrates to N2 gas. Even though CO2 and N2 hydrates crystallize in structure sI and sII, respectively, it is a CO2-N2 mixed hydrate with a preferential occupation of the small cages by N2 molecules that forms upon N2 injection. The exchange kinetics is analyzed from the perspective of methane recovery from CO2 and CO2+N2 injections
Mahi, Mohammed Ridha. "Captage du CO2 par des amines en milieu aqueux et non aqueux (solvant eutectique profond)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1104.
Texto completoThis work focuses on the study of the absorption capacity of CO2 by different types of dissolved amines in aqueous and non-aqueous media. The latter consists of a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a molar proportion of 1 to 2 respectively. This solvent, commonly called "Ethaline", belongs to the category called "Deep Eutectic Solvents" so designated because their eutectic composition makes it possible to obtain mixtures that are generally liquid at room temperature. With this aim, a liquid-vapor equilibrium apparatus with on-line analysis of the vapor phase by GC was performed and its operation validated. The CO2 absorption isotherms and the volatility (composition of the vapor phase) of the studied mixtures, with and without CO2, were determined at different temperatures and for different amine compositions. The explored pressure range is particularly large: from 1 Pa to 800 kPa. The study showed that the substitution of water by "Ethaline" leads to a CO2 absorption capacity almost identical to that of MEA and DEA in aqueous solution. On the other hand, in the case of MDEA, a lower absorption capacity is observed in Ethaline than in aqueous medium. In the hypothesis of a use of the DES+amine solvent for CO2 capture in post-combustion process, a decrease of the vapor pressure of the solvent (comparing to that of water+amine) has an advantage because of the low solvent loss due to vaporization in the absorber. The second advantage is most likely a lower effect of equipment corrosion, the third positive point is a lower enthalpy of absorption of MEA and MDEA in (1 ChCl : 2 EG) comparing to aqueous medium, resulting in a possible saving of energy in the regenerator of almost 40%. The disadvantage of the use of amines in "Ethaline" solution is the high viscosity of this solvent which decreases the kinetics of material transfer and reaction with CO2. The CO2 absorption isotherms and the experimental values of the amine volatilities in the different Amine-H2O-CO2 mixtures were well correlated by different semi-empirical models. Three thermodynamic models based on the activity coefficients; the Wilson model, NRTL and UNIQUAC were used to restitute experimental data for the liquid-vapor equilibrium of aqueous amine systems (without CO2). A satisfactory representation of the experimental results by the three models was obtained
Melendez-Ceballos, Arturo. "Adéquation de nouvelles compositions d'électrolytes et de revêtements protecteurs nanostructurés de la cathode pour les piles à combustible à carbonates fondus TiO2 protective coating processed by Atomic Layer Deposition for the improvement of MCFC cathode Electrochemical properties of Atomic layer deposition processed CeO2 as a protective layer for the molten carbonate fuel cell cathode". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066103.
Texto completoIn this work, we develop two major research routes related to molten carbonates. The first one is the molten carbonate fuel cell optimization, with two approaches: (i) cathode lifetime improvement through ultra-thin layers of metal oxides deposited by atomic layer deposition; (ii) Li-K and Li-Na electrolyte modification by Cs or Rb additions. The second one is dedicated to CO2 valorization through its electrochemical reduction in molten carbonate electrolytes, where we analyze CO2 reduction by means of chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. Finally, in order to test some of the component modifications described in the two first parts, we installed and adapted a single-cell setup coupled to gas chromatography. We obtained some significant results in all the approaches; concerning point (i), we found that TiO2 and CeO2 are suitable for cathode corrosion protection without affecting the electrochemical properties of the electrode and reducing almost by half the dissolution of Ni. The results obtained from point (ii) are also fruitful, since we established a method for comparing two different electrolytes and obtained the diffusion coefficients of the superoxides and carbon dioxide. We also compared the performance of the state-of-the-art NiO cathode in Cs and Rb modified electrolytes. From these studies, we found that Cs addition improves significantly the CO2 diffusion coefficient and reduces the charge transfer and total resistance at the electrode, being a promising additive. Regarding CO2 reduction, after all the tests performed, we found that the reaction involves adsorbed and instable species and occurs in two one-electron steps or in two-electron unique step; thus, it follows most probably a mechanism of simultaneous reduction of the adsorbed and dissolved species. Finally, we performed the first MCFC single-cell tests in our laboratory obtaining an acceptable cell performance and output power. However, small improvements are still necessary to be able to test MCFC modified components
Hagi, Hayato. "Optimisation rationnelle des performances énergétiques et environnementales d’une centrale à charbon pulvérisé fonctionnant en oxy-combustion". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0041/document.
Texto completoThe objective of the thesis is the conception of an optimized oxy-fired pulverized-coal power plant. Such a power plant is constituted of an oxygen production system (ASU), a boiler, power cycle, depollution equipments and a CO2 purification and compression system (CPU). After a first step consists in understanding, analyzing and modeling the different processes composing the oxy-combustion system; the work will focus on the optimization of the performances and the configuration of the power plant by minimizing exergy destructions while ensuring economic competitiveness of the obtained solution. At the end of the thesis, the origins of the exergetic losses in the system as well as the thermal integration scheme allowing the maximization of the energetic gains at power plant level will be identified. Additionally, the most adapted flue gas depollution strategies will be defined and the new integrated process schemes will be evaluated on both a techno-economic and flexibility basis
Pacini-Petitjean, Claire. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures en réponse à une injection de CO2/O2 dans des conditions de réservoirs pétroliers déplétés : modélisations expérimentale et numérique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0020/document.
Texto completoThe geological storage of CO2 (CO2 Capture-Storage – CCS) and the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs could limit CO2 atmospheric accumulation. However, CO2 can be associated with oxygen. To predict the hydrocarbon evolution under these conditions involves the study of oxidation mechanisms. Oxidation experiment and kinetic detailed modeling were carried out with pure compounds. The comparison between experimental and modeling results led to the construction of a hydrocarbon oxidation kinetic model and emphasized the parameters leading to auto ignition. The good agreement between our experiments and modeling are promising for the development of a tool predicting the critical temperature leading to auto-ignition and the evolution of hydrocarbon composition, to estimate the stability of a petroleum system in CO2 injection context
Villeneuve, Kévin. "Contacteurs à membranes composites pour le captage du CO2 en postcombustion dans des solutions ammoniacales en vue de sa valorisation sur site industriel : étude expérimentale et modélisation des étapes d'absorption et de désorption". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0223.
Texto completoThis work aims to evaluate the performances of hollow fiber membrane contactors used for the CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia and the regeneration of the latter within the frame of post-combustion CO2 capture. Fibers are made of a thin dense layer coated on a microporous support, the dense layer prevent membrane wetting by liquid penetration. Both experiment and modelling were done. During absorption experiments, important decrease of the CO2 capture efficiency was observed due to ammonium salts precipitation in the gas-side corroborating results from previous works. Experiments with CO2/N2 mixture saturated with water vapor, as would be the case for flue gas, interestingly, showed stable performances of the process. A one-dimensional multi-component adiabatic transfer model for CO2 absorption in NH3 has been implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler® and validated with experimental results. The simulations performed with the model confirmed the volumetric intensification potential of the technology, however, the NH3 slip reduction expected, because of the use of a dense layer more permeable to CO2 than NH3, wasn’t satisfying. Water condensation phenomenon in membrane contactors were studied with both experiments and simulations. It was thus showed that membrane pore wetting by condensation should not happened but gas-side condensation led to an important increase of the pressure drop with the potential of increasing compression costs. Experiments and simulations of the desorption of CO2 from a loaded aqueous ammonia solution with a membrane contactor were performed and important disparities were found between CO2 flux measured and simulated. A volumetric reduction of the membrane contactor when compared to the packed column was calculated highlighting the potential of the technology for the stripping step. In collaboration with the partners of the C2B project, in which this thesis is integrated, CO2 absorption essays were carried out on site with an industrial scale membrane contactor. The results of this pilot are consistent with laboratory results and encourages the transfer of the technology to the industrial scale
Garcia, Edder. "CO2 adsorption from synthesis gas mixtures : understanding selectivity and capacity of new adsorbents". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10195.
Texto completoThe design of new environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbents for CO2 separation requires a quantitative link between the adsorbent properties and adsorption capabilities. In this work we develop a methodology, which explicitly takes into account the adsorbent properties, such as the pore diameter, density, pore shape and chemical composition. The objective is to establish quantitative correlations between the above-mentioned parameters and the forces that govern physisorption in porous media, i.e. van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions. Thus, the optimal properties of the adsorbent for CO2 separation are identified. In parallel to these theoretical studies, a series of potentially interesting adsorbents for CO2 separation by PSA were tested experimentally. A systematic study of the influence of the metal center on the separations of CO2/CH4 and CO2/CH4/CO mixtures was carried out on MOFs presenting coordinatively unsaturated sites. In the case of zeolites, the effect of the framework composition (Si/Al ratio) on the separation properties was studied. The cyclic capacities and selectivities were determined by breakthrough experiments. Materials presenting a good compromise between selectivity and working capacity under typical PSA conditions were identified. Finally, a comparison between the prediction of the adsorption model and the breakthrough experiments is carried out
Pfister, Marc. "Captage du CO2 en post combustion par procédé de perméation gazeuse". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0020/document.
Texto completoCO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) is a promising solution to separate CO2 from flue gas, to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, and hence to reduce global warming. In CCS, one important constraint is the high additional energy requirement of the different capture processes. That statement is partly explained by the low CO2 fraction in the inlet flue gas and the high output targets in terms of CO2 capture and purity (>90%).Gas permeation across dense membrane can be used in post combustion CO2 capture. Gas permeation in a dense membrane is ruled by a mass transfer mechanism and separation performance in a dense membrane are characterized by component’s effective permeability and selectivity. One of the newest and encouraging type of membrane in terms of separation performance is the facilitated transport membrane. Each particular type of membrane is defined by a specific mass transfer law. The most important difference to the mass transfer behavior in a dense membrane is related to the facilitated transport mechanism and the solution diffusion mechanism and its restrictions and limitations.Permeation flux modelling across a dense membrane is required to perform a post combustion CO2 capture process simulation. A CO2 gas permeation separation process is composed of a two-steps membrane process, one drying step and a compression unit. Simulation on the energy requirement and surface area of the different membrane modules in the global system are useful to determine the benefits of using dense membranes in a post combustion CO2 capture technology
Servia, Alberto. "Étude cinétique des phénomènes d'activation pour l'absorption de CO2 par des mélanges d'amines". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0071.
Texto completoProcesses based on chemical absorption are widely used for removing CO2 contained in natural gas, hydrogen or flue gas. Mixtures of amines can be used as a solvent for these applications in order to accelerate CO2 mass transfer towards the liquid phase, while keeping a low energy consumption to be regenerated. A methodology has been developed in the framework of this PhD to understand the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 into mixtures of amines. Experimental data provided by a wetted wall column apparatus have been interpreted by a rigorous model taking into account all phenomena occurring within the reactor. This work was firstly dedicated to study the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by aqueous piperazine solutions. The extrapolation of PZ / CO2 kinetics given by the literature has been validated in a wide range of operating conditions. The kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine and piperazine has then been assessed. The synergy between both amines at low loading allowing the CO2 mass transfer to be accelerated as well as the impact of the CO2 loading on the absorption kinetics have been quantified. This methodology will be used at IFP Energies nouvelles in order to study the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 by mixtures of amines, in the framework of CO2 postcombustion capture and natural gas treatment processes development. The knowledge of the kinetics of the CO2 absorption by mixtures of amines will allow to enhance the reliability of the absorption column design
Freire, Brântuas Pedro. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone par des semiclathrate hydrates : Modélisation, expérimentation et dimensionnement d’une unité pilote". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0691/document.
Texto completoGas hydrates are a non conventional way of trapping and storing gas molecules trough the crystallization of water under the high pressure and low temperature conditions. Quaternary ammonium salts form hydrates at atmospheric pressure and can also form mixed hydrates in the presence of gas. It’s important to know their thermodynamic properties in order to evaluate their potential applications: one of these applications is the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas. The semiclathrates studied were made from peralkylamonium salts (TBAB, TBACl, TBAF) and tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide (TBPB) plus several gases: CO2, N2, and CH4. The formation pressure was greatly reduced with regards to the respective gas hydrates. An eNRTL model for determining the activity coefficients of hydrate forming systems with salts has been used. Single and double salts systems were analyzed in the presence of CH4 and the data obtained is in a good agreement with the literature. The TBAB and CH4 semiclathrates system was also investigated with the results being different of those of the literature probably due to a difference on the structure of the semiclathrate. However, the results are promising, and the model gives a good predictionBased on the experimental results, a pilot plant scale process was designed. This new process consists in forming mixed hydrates of TBAB and CO2 in a bubble column. The hydrates are then removed from the column and after expansion, the mixed hydrates transform into TBAB hydrates releasing CO2, which can be returned to the bubble column
Samadi, Jaleh. "Développement d'une approche systémique de management des risques pour les projets de captage, transport et stockage de CO2". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00870894.
Texto completoLe, Quang Long. "Nanomatériaux hybrides TiO2/[Ru(bpy)3]2+ associés à [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ ou [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br] ou au pyrrole : synthèse, études spectroscopiques et applications pour la conversion de l'énergie solaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV085/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to investigate the possibility of using TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as a platform to immobilize proximal coordination complexes that can interact with each other by photoinduced electron transfer. We have studied hybrid nanomaterials combining [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as a photosensitizer and [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ or [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br (ttpy = 4'-(p-tolyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) as electron acceptors. To immobilize the various complexes on the surface of TiO2, a phosphonic acid functional group was introduced on one of the bipyridines of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ center and on the terpyridines of the [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ complex. Under visible light, the TiO2/RuII colloid undergoes a photo-induced charge transfer process leading to a long-lived charge separation state (e )TiO2/RuIII, which makes it possible to be engaged in successive oxidation or reduction reactions. In particular, the visible irradiation of the TiO2/RuII colloid in the presence of [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial electron donor allows the two-electron reduction of [Cr(ttpy)2]3+. Subsequently, the [Cr(ttpy)2]3+ complex has been immobilized on the TiO2/RuII NPs to form a RuII/TiO2/CrIII assembly in which the photoinduced electron transfer processes were investigated. In order to propose a system for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, the [Mn(ttpy)(CO)3Br] and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes were co-immobilized on TiO2 NPs following a chemistry on surface approach to form a RuII/TiO2/MnI triad. Under irradiation at 470 nm, this system exhibits excellent selectivity towards HCOOH as the only product of CO2 photoreduction in DMF/TEOA solvent mixture, in the presence of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) as a sacrificial electron donor. Another hybrid system linking a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ unit to two pyrrole functions and being immobilized on TiO2 has also been synthesized and studied. Under visible light, the transient (e-)TiO2/[Ru-pyr]3+ species induce the polymerization of pyrrole to form a TiO2/poly(Ru-pyr) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite deposited on an electrode generates, in the presence of TEOA, a stable anodic photocurrent of more than 10 μA.cm-2. All the results show that TiO2 NPs can be used to associate different complexes in a close environment by limiting the interactions in the ground state but allow photoinduced electron transfer processes between them. Depending on the redox potentials of the different components, the electron transfer takes place either through the semiconducting NPs or on the surface
Rahmani, Abdelkader. "Mise en oeuvre de procédé plasma–catalyse destiné à la valorisation du biogaz (CH4+CO2) en carburants liquides. Etude expérimentale et modélisations". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD041.
Texto completoThis double culture thesis, merging geography and physics is achieved in the frame of the Energy Transition towards a model integrating biogas production potentials. It is devoted to the study of plasma-catalysis technology for reforming methane in the presence of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels. A geomatic study has been developed to map agricultural areas potentially producing biogas in France. The results reveal that cogeneration and injection of bio-methane into the gas network allows recovering only 43% of the total biogas potential from agricultural waste in France. The transformation of biogas into storable and transportable liquid fuels, using a device that can be installed in remote rural areas, would make more use of this potential. Plasma discharges allows developing sufficient reactivity to excite and dissociate the molecules of the biogas under the required conditions. A kinetic model has been developed to determine plasma parameters and temporal evolution of reactive species as well as biogas conversion processes. A Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (SDBD) process was developed for the transformation of CH₄ and CO₂ mixture representative of the biogas. The main gaseous products are CO, H₂, C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ and the main liquid products, representing 3% to 8% of the transformed biogas mass, are methanol, isopropanol, ethanol and acetaldehyde. The energy efficiency depends on the operating parameters and varies between 2% and 9%. Specific Injected Energy is the most influential parameter on the energy efficiency of the process as well as on products distribution. The addition of water vapor, a precursor of active species such as: OH, O and O-, improves the conversion and allows obtaining energy consumption equal to 26 eV/molecule. Plasma-catalysis was also studied by the use of 12 solid catalysts. The Fluidized Spray Plasma process was used to develop catalysts such as X% CuO-Y% ZnO/Al₂O₃, TiO₂/SiO₂ and Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ by. These catalysts as well as catalysts made by other techniques have been characterized and tested in the SDBD reactor. The main result is that the nature of the catalyst does not affect the conversion of the biogas but it modifies liquid products composition. The best methanol selectivity was obtained using Pt/Al₂O₃ (made by polyol) followed by CuO/Al₂O₃ and then 60% Cu-40% ZnO/Al₂O₃
Slostowski, Cédric. "Synthèse solvothermale supercritique de nanostructures d'oxyde de cérium". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954292.
Texto completoOuboukhlik, Maria. "Caractérisation du transfert de matière dans un spray réactif pour le traitement des fumées : application au captage du CO2". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0008/document.
Texto completoPollutant capture, especially of CO2, is still a major challenge nowadays.CO2 capture based on absorption with chemical reaction by aqueous solutions of amines is the most mature technique for post-combustion gas cleaning.The substitution of packed columns by spray columns presents an economical interest since the exchange area between both gas and liquid phases is very important, reducing the size of the absorption column. In addition, gas side pressure losses are avoided and maintenance costs are reduced.The aim of this thesis is to characterize mass transfer in a spray column during a CO2 absorption by an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) by using a new optical technique.The study focuses on the characterization of the local mass transfer between MEA spray and a CO2 atmosphere. In order to achieve this, a non-intrusive optical technique is used: Global Rainbow Technique (GRT). This technique measures the refractive index of droplets in a local portion of the spray. Therefore, the measurement is local with a volume of few cubic millimeters.The refractive index of a solution depends on its temperature and its concentration. Thus, by using a prior calibration in a stirred reactor, the refractive indices of CO2 loaded MEA solutions are correlated with their temperatures and CO2 absorbed concentration. Therefore, measuring refractive index is a measurement of mass transfer extent.GRT is then used during CO2 absorption with chemical reaction, and the amount of CO2 captured per volume unit is measured at several column heights. The experimental results are then compared with mass transfer predictions in a droplet with a model numerically solved in COMSOL Multiphysics.In another hand, gas side mass transfer is characterized by measuring the amount of CO2 in the gas phase with infrared spectrometry during CO2 absorption in an aqueous solution of 30 % MEA. The results are presented in term of capture efficiency and a gas-side mass transfer coefficient is calculated as a function of operating parameters such as gas and liquid flow rates.This work, applied to CO2 capture, deals with mass transfer measurement with GRT through a first application to absorption with chemical reaction. The developed method in this thesis will allow its use for other chemical systems
Lowe, Alexander Rowland. "Alkyl pipéridine démixantes pour le captage du CO2 : approche thermodynamique". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22772/document.
Texto completoThe increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere, since the industrial revolution has led to the rise in the average global climate temperature. To prevent the escalation of global climate temperatures the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere must be reduced. One solution is carbon capture and sequestration which removes CO2 from fixed sources. The absorption/desorption cycle is well known for the treatment of acid gas, but is expensive and not as efficient for the treatment of gas from fixed/industrial sources. A solution to this problem is the use of aqueous demixing amine solvents which present a liquid-liquid phase equilibrium (LLE) as a function of temperature. This manuscript presents a study done to measure the LLE and thermodynamic properties of the alkyl piperidine family, which can be used for carbon capture processes. This work evaluates the effect of the size, position and number of alkyl substituents on the thermodynamic properties of interest in the carbon capture process. To study the LLE of aqueous demixing solutions, particularly gas loaded solutions, two novel apparatuses were developed. The results demonstrate that the changes in the amine phase diagrams are related to the chemical reactions involved with dissolution of CO2. The tertiary alkyl piperidines displayed reduced demixing temperature with the addition of CO2 due to the formation of carbonate species. The secondary alkyl piperidines display an increasing demixing temperature which is related to the formation of carbamate species which stabilizes the solution. Secondary alkyl piperidines that are severely sterically hindered, which cannot produce carbamates, behave similarly to the tertiary amine which is coherent with the preceding conclusion. The structure property relationship concerning the excess thermodynamic properties (VE, CpE et HE) of aqueous solutions were studied in depth. This revealed that the position of the substituents on the cyclic ring has a considerable and obvious influence on the intensity of the excess properties, along with the class of the amine, whether secondary or tertiary, will influence the positions of the extrema of the excess property. To conclude, a rigorous thermodynamic model based on the CO2 solubility and the enthalpy of solution for CO2 in aqueous solutions of alkyl piperidine, allowed for the determination of the carbamate formation constants of 3- and 4-methylpiperidine
Toro, Molina Carol. "Comparaison du captage du CO2 en postcombustion par des solutions d'ammoniaque et d'amines organiques : Évaluation en contacteurs direct et indirect, par des approches cinétiques, thermodynamiques et par modélisation". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935386.
Texto completoCuccia, Lorena. "Evaluation et suivi de solvants innovants pour le captage de CO2 présentant une faible pénalité énergétique (<10 %) : développement de stratégies analytiques permettant la compréhension des phénomènes physico-chimiques mis en jeu en vue de leur modélisation". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS025/document.
Texto completoPost-combustion CO2 capture using amine solvents is nowadays the most promising technology to limit the CO2 emissions from already existing power plants. The two main limitations of the process are the high energy penalty and the irreversible degradation of amines involving the formation of degradation products potentially toxic for human and the environment. Within the scope of this project, three innovative solvents were selected for their good thermodynamic properties for CO2 capture: the blends 1-methylpiperazine / piperazine (1MPZ/PZ), dimethylaminoethanol / piperazine (DMEA/PZ) and methyldiethanolamine/monoethanolamine (MDEA/MEA). The three blends were degraded in conditions representative of industrial conditions for post-combustion CO2 capture on a lab scale pilot plant constructed by EDF R&D. Complementary analytical methods involving gas and liquid chromatography were developed in order to monitor the stability of the constituent amines, and to identify and quantify potential degradation products formed. These methods permitted the characterization of both the liquid phase of the solvent and the gaseous phase corresponding to the treated flue gas. Results obtained during this project showed that the blend MDEA/MEA would offer the best compromise in terms of chemical stability and energy needed for the process. This solvent presents degradation rates lower than the blends 1MPZ/PZ and DMEA/PZ and would enable a reduction of the reboiler heat duty in the range of 10% when compared to MEA 30% the benchmark solvent of the process
Descamps, Cathy. "Etude de la capture du CO2 [dioxyde de carbone] par absorption physique dans les systèmes de production d'électricité basés sur la gazéification du charbon intégrée à un cycle combiné". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005506.
Texto completoNicolas, Charles-Henri. "Captage du CO2 par procédé membranaire : application au transport routier". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819293.
Texto completoAouini, Ismaël. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone en postcombustion : Application à un incinérateur de déchets industriels : Etude expérimentale à l’échelle pilote". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0004.
Texto completoThis research is part of a survey designed to establish the viability of the CO2 recovery as a raw material from an industrial waste incinerator.. Several commercial licenses are available to capture CO2 in flue gas, but there are no references for incinerators. This work studies with a pilot the post-combustion CO2 capture from incinerator flue gas using absorption/desorption process with 30 %wt monoethanolamine (MEA). A literature review identifies the technology gaps. Then, the pilot setup was described. A parametric study has evaluated the pilot performance for CO2 capture and energy consumption. Finally, Long runs (5 days) have studied the solvent chemical stability in front of incinerator flue gas. The laboratory experiments show that CO2 capture form incinerator flue gas is possible