Tesis sobre el tema "Cap- Occidental (Afrique du Sud)"
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Margerison, Angus. "Le Français en Afrique du sud :étude portant sur la province du cap occidental". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9985.
Texto completoIt is not unusual for a student to study French from secondary school to university level and still not be able to cornrnunicate effectively with a native speaker. In addition, for many years, apart from translation diplomas, the traditional Bachelor of Arts degree in French prepared students for little more an teaching the language. In South African universities, the introduction of courses in Business French is relatively recent. An individual might be motivated to learn a foreign language because of its aesthetic value or practical use. However, in South Africa, the decision to allocate state funds and school-learning hours towards the promotion and teaching of a foreign language has deeper implications, particularly when there are eleven official languages competing for recognition. In India in early 1900, Michael West had attempted to establish why Indian people should learn English ("in order to read") and how they should learn English ("through reading"). Abbot (1981: 12) called this random teaching of a foreign language "TENOR (teaching English for no obvious reason)". Similarly, the question as to why South Africans should be taught French or) any other foreign language needs to be answered. If not, we risk falling into he same trap as "TENOR" except in this case we will be teaching French for no apparent reason. While the purpose of this research is not to discredit those students who desire to learn French for personal reasons, the main argument presented in this thesis is based on whether South Africans should learn French in order to trade more effectively with Francophone countries. Combining qualitative and quantitative research, preliminary conclusions indicate that an in-depth cost and benefits analysis might prove the link: French language acquisition with economic expansion. However, within the limitations of this research, there is insufficient justification for the allocation of state funding for foreign language acquisition over and above the need for other mainstrearn school disciplines. A more viable solution would be to train and to empploy South Africa's new language resource, that of the Francophone refugees currently living in the country, assuming that they are willing to remain in this country.
Chazal, Clémentine. "Du Cap de Bonne Espérance à la Pointe de Grave : une étude du mouvement des vins nature et de ses enjeux politiques. Mobilisations environnementales et transformation de la production vitivinicole". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0155.
Texto completoWithin the current wine industry, a paradigm shift is underway as winemakers increasingly question conventional Fordist practices and intensive viticulture techniques. Yet, this departure from the industrial model remains confined to a select cohort of trailblazing winemakers who are reshaping wine production by championing environmental stewardship, ecological care, small-scale viticulture, and renewed craftsmanship. These alternative practices manifest through the emergence of the natural wine movement, a niche segment of the wine market that has attracted tremendous attention from wine professionals, specialised media and critics internationally, provoking some acute reactions from all ends of the wine spectrum. This research departs from the absence of a technical definition for natural wine, examining it not as a product, nor a commodity, but as a social movement. The doctoral study is grounded in three key hypotheses. First, I assert that the natural wine movement acts as a platform for resistance and radical innovations, particularly for small independent winemakers, setting a precedent within an industry that is highly normed, regulated, and symbolically charged. Second, I argue that the Natural Wine Movement has surfaced in all wine regions, both from the so-called Old and New World. Consequently, the natural wine movement can be considered a transnational network with a diversity of local anchors yet supporting an international identity that cuts across wine regions. Third, I contend that the natural wine network allows for a political project of knowledge production throughout the wine sector at large, offering alternative ways of producing and showcasing innovations. In this perspective, the natural wine network becomes an agent for incremental yet structural change within the wine industry. Adopting an approach at the crossroads between political sociology and political economy, and employing qualitative methods, including interviews and observations, and social network analysis, this study delves into the emergence of the natural wine movement in two distinguished wine regions: the Western Cape Province in South Africa and the Bordeaux region in France
Fauvelle, François-Xavier. "Le Hottentot, ou l'homme-limite : généalogie de la représentation des Khoi͏̈san en Occident, XVe-XIXe siècle". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010532.
Texto completoThe Khoi-Khoi, a southern African population belonging to the khoisan cultural group (like the "Bushmen") were among the peoples the more often described by the travelers going to east Indies by the cap of Good Hope. The Portuguese, at the end of the XVth century, were the first to meet them. Through calls and clashes, a picture was drawn that was transmitted to the other European nations. At the dawn of the XVIth century, the portrait was fixed, drawing on a "catalog" that borrowed its motifs to the register of orality. To the disgust that these "savages" inspired to travelers the feeling of their physical and moral queerness was soon added. A feeling nourished by rumors born among the Europeans in the dutch colony (founded in 1652) and by the increasingly degraded situation of the Africans. In Europe at the end of the XVIIth and especially at the end of the XVIIIth century, with the extinction of the Khoi-Khoi in the region of the cap and the silence of the travelers, the figure of the "Hottentot" laid itself open to many scholarly, literary and philosophical utilizations that made it a noble and monstrous savage at the same time. It was this intermediate human being that naturalists and anthropologists seized, during the XIXth century, in order to test their classificatory theories
Germain, Éric. "Malais et Indiens du Cap, 1860-1961 : émergence d'une identité musulmane sud-africaine". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0083.
Texto completoMamodaly, Mozama. "Le "district six" du Cap : défi à la politique d'apartheid, symbole de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud ?" La Réunion, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LARE0023.
Texto completoIn 1948, when the National Party takes over the government in South Africa, the inhabitants of Cape Town's District Six constitute a united multicultural community in the city centre located next to the Parliament. The neighbourhood is a challenge to the apartheid ideology. That is why the government declares it "white" according to the Group Areas Act. The inhabitants are expelled from their. Homes and District Six is destroyed and renamed "Zonnebloem". Yet, the National Party government does not manage to rebuild the neighbourhood for the "Whites" because of the Sixers District's resistance. It remains empty and symbolizes the horrors of apartheid. In 1994, the District Six museum opens in order to recreate the vanished neighbourhood. Some time later, the Nelson Mandela government decides to give District Six back to its former residents and to redevelop it as a symbol of the new multicultural and reconciled South Africa
Fall, Abdou. "La nouvelle Afrique du Sud et la construction d'une politique étrangère post-apartheid : essai d'évaluation des relations avec l'Afrique et le monde occidental, 1994-1999". Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10032.
Texto completo1994-2004. Today the new South Africa is ten years old. After being banned because of the enforcement of discriminatory and racist laws, South Africa has reintegrated the international community after its policy of national reconciliation. So new parameters had to be defined in order to find a specific place. This was the purpose of the first legislature (1994-1999) that enable South Africa to build the foundations of its position on the international scene. It was not easy to determinate a clear role, with new actors. In addition, South Africa -as medium-seized power- was caught between African countries which had high expectations and Western countries with which it appeared necessary to break-up without giving up economic investments. If indeed this dilemma marked the Nelson Mandela’s mandate, the realities compelled Pretoria’s political authorities to change their mind in the mid-term. That was particularly the case through the African Renaissance rhetoric which targeted the renaissance of South Africa itself, henceforth fully aware that its own stability was linked with that of its immediate geopolitical environment. From that time on, South Africa developed the parameters of her future policy : to exist in Africa as its main economic leader, to exist for Africa in acting as its main mediator, to exist by Africa in acting as its best representative on the international scene
Hoarau, Jean-Hugues. "Une vision du phénomène urbain en Afrique du Sud : le cas des villes petites et moyennes du Cap de l'Ouest". La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_09_Hoarau.pdf.
Texto completoSouth African city of the new democratic context is the focus of attraction of the future great stakes. Urban duality is the fact for the same reason of the slow community acculturation which is structurally effective. What is the pace and how those mechanisms have an effect at large as at small scale? Answers underlie urban diversity and regional varieties which are combined to disclose the range of disparities immanent of the urbanization process everlasting of economic strengths. In the Western Cape, restructured built-up aeras of 1996 are not at the same stage of development, some benefit from their asset of colonial town, others in support of their progressive situation, again of their administrative predominance. All the same, in this breeding ground for vitalities, interrelationships remain so much so that specific ranks emerge leaded to examine the rule of intermediate and small size cities in the structure of provincial urban phenomenon
Houssay-Holzschuch, Myriam. "Le Territoire volé, une géographie culturelle des quartiers noirs de Cape Town (Afrique du Sud)". Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185377.
Texto completoLike other South African cities, Cape Town bears the mark of different ideologies: that of segregation and that of apartheid. A historical geography of greater Cape Town shows that they were legally embodied in urban space as soon as 1901, partly because of the influence of western urban planning theories. But the big townships will be developed only from 1948. A detailed study of each black township brings to light the characteristics of this specifically South African urban model, designed for social and political control of the blacks. Nevertheless, in landscapes that were forced upon them, black people managed to develop an original African and urban culture: this is demonstrated by a cultural geography of the townships and squatter camps. This culture includes some consciously chosen values - be they western or traditional - such as education, religion and solidarity for the middle class. Today, the political conditions have been deeply altered in South Africa. The post-apartheid city is appearing, shaped by the inheritances of apartheid, the inertia of space and the formation of new, racially mixed, neighborhoods. At the same time, the cape society is evolving
Biewenga, Ad. "De Kaap de Goede Hoop : een Nederlandse vestigingskolonie, 1680-1730 /". Amsterdam : Uitg. Prometheus / B. Bakker, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37704361j.
Texto completoMigozzi, Julien. "Une ville à vendre : numérisation et financiarisation du marché du logement au Cap : stratification et ségrégation de la métropole émergente". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH007.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the digitalization and financialization of the housing market in Cape Town, South Africa. Borrowing from economic sociology and urban geography, I develop the concept of "housing market assemblage" to both analyze and conceptualize how the evolution of market structures renews contemporary patterns of social stratification and urban segregation in an emerging global city. To do so, I use mixed methods that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Over 18 months of fieldwork, I conducted interviews with market professionals (real estate agents, property developers, mortgage brokers, bankers, investors) and households, while engaged in participant observation of a local estate agency in Cape Town's largest black township (Khayelitsha). Furthermore, I built a database of 900,000 residential real estate transactions and employed multivariate statistics and spatial analysis to track the evolution of prices and mortgages across the post-apartheid urban space. The thesis demonstrates how the housing market was reconfigured as a continuous flow of data through the adoption of digital platforms and the progressive making of housing as a financial asset on both the buyer's and rental markets. The market creates two filtering mechanisms with deep stratifying effects : (i) housing affordability is determined by the unequal spatial distribution of housing prices, on the one hand, and the social and racialized distribution of income and family assets, on the other, in a context of highly selective lending practises (ii) the hegemonic use of credit scoring technologies that allow the automated classification of South African citizens through an information dragnet of unprecedented sophistication and depth, both for the Global North and the Global South. Banks and newly formed corporate landlords use credit scoring to classify & select mortgage recipients and tenants, in a context of household indebtedness and enduring racial inequalities. The housing market operates therefore as a spatial economy of classification, whereby individuals, properties and neighborhoods are valued and classified according to profit and risk factors. Focusing on the market allows to engage more fully, but think beyond, prevailing concerns of the "post-apartheid" city: the spatial distribution of credit thus constitutes the main contemporary factor for both understanding and mapping the evolution of enduring inequalities and residential structures in the emerging South African city. In order to conceptualize this form of market stratification, I define the new middle class as a "filtered class", and processes of global urban integration through the ordering of financialized and digitalized housing market assemblages that both engender new urban forms and renew social-class patterns across the emerging city
Germain, Éric. "L'Afrique du Sud musulmane : histoire des relations entre Indiens et Malais du Cap /". Paris : [Johannesburg] : Karthala ; [IFAS], 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410143714.
Texto completoVigouroux, Cécile B. "Réflexion méthodologique autour de la construction d'un objet de recherche : la dynamique identitaire chez les migrants africain francophones au Cap (Afrique du Sud)". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100034.
Texto completoThe purpose of this dissertation is to reflect on the development of a research topic by showing what research techniques and theoretical orientation entail for the collection and interpretation of data. The focus of our study is a population of Francophone migrant Africans in Cap Town (South Africa), our field site, and our research topic in their dynamics of identity. A detailed discussion of our research trajectory from the conception of the topic to the analysis of the data has enabled us to assess all the positions assumed by the investigator (as a data collector, transcriber, and analyst) at every step of the corpus-building process, from the beginning to the end. We show how, by deconstructing our assumptions at different stages of the investigation, wa had to redefine the original topic of the dissertation. Although we originally intended to analyze linguistic representations, wa have now sketched a preliminary study of the notion "makwerekwere", a stigmatizing label of exclusion used in reference to Black African foreigners in South Africa. The analysis of the data is a concomitant of a transformation of our perspective : the subjetcs' discourses have been examined in light of the situational contexts in which they were produced, viz. , conversations, and extralinguistic categories preset a priori have been given up for endogenous categories, emerging from the investigator's interactions with the subjects in the field. The study of "makwerekwere", which concludes this exercise, both is the outcome of our reflection on the research methodology and illustrates the benefits of the multidimensional approach that we propose to the notion itself. The approach is expected to account for both levels of context: the mciro-context of conversations and the macro-context of South Africa
Roubertie, Lorraine. "La transmission du jazz en Afrique du Sud : penser l'héritage d'un enseignement inégalitaire dans le contexte post-apartheid : l'exemple du Western Cape". Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/172295378#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoFor more than a century South Africa has been a place where the jazz idiom has been re-appropriated by specific and autonomous means. This exists in urban popular contexts, where people were subjected to racial oppression. This acculturation process happens both at musical and symbolical level, jazz being a model of a non-white counter-modernity. This music status has evolved after the end of apartheid, but it still carries some specific values that accompany the period of reconstruction of the country. Today, new questions arise for the new generations of musicians who face a global cultural standardisation which is seen as a new identity dissolution threat. These questions result sometimes in the temptation to go back to the roots, the nostalgia of a mythic golden age of non-white creation, or in the will to exceed apartheid’s imaginary. This thesis tries to shed light on these psycho-social mechanisms and their musical expressions. It questions and analyses jazz education processes in post-apartheid South Africa. Its two central questions ask the following: firstly, what are the methods used in this very specific context to teach a music which is characterized by improvisation and flexible handling of musical rules? Secondly, what does it mean to teach a music named jazz in South Africa in the 2000s, more specifically, what kind of identity constructions are attached to the idea of jazz, particularly when one speaks of South African jazz, or even of Cape Jazz?
Buire, Chloé. "À travers pratiques citadines et tactiques citoyennes, la production du droit à la ville au Cap (Afrique du Sud)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100161/document.
Texto completoThe present work takes as its starting point the idea of space as an instrument for thought and action, as formulated by Henri Lefebvre in the 1970s, as a means to understand the relationship between city life and citizenship in Cape Town, South Africa. It analyses the democratization of local government through the creation of new electoral circumscriptions, which aim to facilitate public participation: the wards. The study focuses on ward 44, which brings together territories formerly divided by apartheid. The immersion in the daily lives of various families highlights the mechanisms of a community-based governmentality, where individual political legitimacy is intertwined with the shared experience of the city.The PhD comes with a DVD comprising sixteen video excerpts of life narratives, scenes of daily life and neighbourhood events. The pragmatic tactics that urban residents deploy on a daily basis thus reveal their full complexity. They not only adjust to on-going institutional reforms, they also condition the very implementation of these reforms. Eventually, the resistance to spatial inequalities is carried out through the figure of the “citadins-citoyens”, the “urban citizen” who on a daily basis invents what could be the right to the city in South Africa
Chruscinska, Anna Zofia. "Les Polonais d'Afrique du Sud et leur identification nationale : le cas des immigrants polonais de la ville du Cap". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H008.
Texto completoWithin the Polish scientific community, few studies refer to South Africa and the Polish communities living in this place. However, this territory constitutes a unique social laboratory and Poles from South Africa are subject to phenomena that can hold the attention of sociologists. This research applies to pinpoint the identity dimension of these dynamic phenomena with the example of the three migratory waves of Poles living in the city of Cape Town. By combining qualitative techniques of social science research and the tradition of collecting data elaborated at the Chicago School, I present the evolution of attachment to the country of origin, as well as different types of plural identity. The first part is devoted to the historical and sociological presentation of my research field: South Africa in general, but also the peculiarities of the Cape region. This contextualization includes: the spatial organization of Cape Town, the inter-ethnic issues in the post-apartheid reality, the urban consequences of social prejudice, and the possible identification of the inhabitants of Cape Town distinctive from the rest of South Africa. In the second part, I put much interest in the diasporic dimension of the Polish community in Cape Town. To this end, I examine the structures which constitute one of facets of Polish people from Cape Town: the organizations subject to the process of diasporization. They are not to be confused with the phenomena of informal activity, the purpose of the analysis of the next section. In the third part, I study the notion of identity in general and, more specifically, the question of identification with the Polish nation. Giving examples out of context of the associative life of Polish people from Cape Town, I examine: the influence of the multicultural context of the host society on the identification of Polish migrants, the dynamic approach of the presence of " features" meant to characterize the Polish nation in the Polish community of Cape Town, and the process of transmitting national identification between generations. In my results, I present not only the different types of attachment to the country observed among social actors, but I also try to trace the possible future of the national identification process among Poles of my field research. I hope that this thesis will be a starting point for other researchers who might get interested in this community remained unrecognized, but also for comparative research on national identification within other Polish migrant communities. Taking into account that national identity in Poland is in transition, the analysis of identity differences between the migratory waves in Cape Town may also be useful in comparative research with the identification of Poles living in Poland
De, Barros Margaux. "Habiter la lutte. Sociologie de l'engagement contre les expulsions à Rio de Janeiro (Brésil) et au Cap (Afrique du Sud)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/325428.
Texto completoO objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender a lógica diferenciada do engajamento militante de moradores ameaçados de remoções. No Rio de Janeiro e na Cidade do Cabo, cidades em que este estudo se baseia, as classes trabalhadoras são enfraquecidas por políticas urbanas que conduzem a despejos massivos. Reunidos em estruturas coletivas, uma parte dos moradores da Vila Autódromo (Rio de Janeiro) e de Woodstock (Cidade do Cabo) se mobiliza para defender o seu espaço de vida. Mostro aqui que as estruturas militantes em que os moradores se reúnem são caracterizadas por uma forte heterogeneidade: os moradores estão empenhados nelas em diferentes graus. Enquanto alguns se envolvem intensamente na ação coletiva, outros preferem se afastar ou se retirar após um período de envolvimento. Através do estudo das carreiras dos inquiridos, são analisados os motivos objetivos (contexto e restrições organizacionais) e subjetivos (experiências, interpretações, representações) subjacentes à sua participação. Através de observações etnográficas, são depois atualizadas à luz das interações entre os residentes. Os laços sociais do bairro e as relações de poder entre os residentes são considerados como elementos susceptíveis de dificultar um compromisso mais intenso no grupo. Ao examinar os instrumentos de ativismo utilizados pelos grupos e as normas de empenhamento divulgadas pelos seus líderes, tento compreender como os residentes se conformam com eles, os contornam ou ajustam as atividades da militância às suas esferas de vida, que têm sido perturbadas pela insegurança económica e residencial. Por sua vez, questionar a heterogeneidade dos engajamentos permite compreender melhor a forma como os grupos sociais gerem a diversidade dos seus membros e ajustam as suas práticas organizacionais
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Garcia-Chapleau, Marilyn. "Le refuge huguenot du cap de Bonne-Espérance : genèse, assimilation, héritage". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30023.
Texto completoBetween 1670 and 1700, 260 French Protestants fleeing religious persecution reached the refreshment station founded in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) at the Cape of Good Hope. The refugees’ task was to develop newly colonised land and provide supplies for the Company’s ships in transit between Europe and Asia. The Huguenot community quickly came into conflict with the VOC local authorities, who were intent on assimilating the French Protestants into the dominant Dutch community. Their disputes revolved around the land grants, trade with the indigenous people and passing ships, the use of the French language in the administrative and cultural fields, as well as self-governance of their own community. Additionally, conditions of religious practice had to be approved of by the Cape authorities, despite the fact that the French and Dutch shared the same Calvinist faith
Pouthier, Lucile. "La communauté "coloured" au Cap à l’épreuve de la politique raciale et carcérale sud-africaine". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0081/document.
Texto completoMy research focuses on race and incarceration in South Africa. People in the "Coloured"community are overrepresented in incarceration statistics, both on the national and onthe regional level. With the help of inmates' life stories gathered at various correctionalcentres in the Western Cape, my thesis seeks to make sense of this phenomenon
Hedhili, Amel. "Aliments supplémentés en Moringa oleifera en Afrique du Sud : Une approche multidisciplinaire combinant études consommateurs et analyses physicochimiques et nutritionnelles". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK009.
Texto completoMalnutrition is a major challenge in South Africa (SA), particularly in Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces, which are predominantly black and historically disadvantaged. This thesis aims to assess the potential of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a source of nutritional improvement in the diets of mothers and their children in these provinces. Known for its nutritional benefits, MO is a plant native to India, now cultivated in SA but not widely used for human nutrition. A two-part approach was followed in this thesis. The first part aims to understand how MO is perceived by consumers and how it can be integrated into the South African food repertory. A study of the knowledge, beliefs and consumption habits of MO allowed us to contrast two cultures, India and Africa (Nigeria, Ghana and SA). Findings from the first part revealed a difference in consumer knowledge and uses, however, no difference was observed in terms of beliefs. This implies that a positive attitude towards MO is not enough to promote its consumption. This study also showed that MO is also less embedded in the eating habits of South Africans than in the habits of the other two African countries. Observation of the eating habits of South African student mothers and their children showed a shift between their level of knowledge and what they actually do. Although they are aware of the importance of nutritional intake, they prefer to give their children foods they like even if they are not healthy. These students perceive MO more as a medicine than a food, but are not opposed to adding it as a nutrient supplement in their basic diet as long as the foods offered are good, available and easy to prepare. The objective of the second part of this thesis is to study the nutritional intakes of MO and the development of a food supplemented with MO leaves. The nutritional characterization of the MO leaf powder showed a digestibility of 75.95%. Pretreatment of the MO powder with high pressure, ultrasound and microwave processes did not improve this digestibility rate. Moreover, biscuits supplemented with MO leaves (0% to 30%) were evaluated. The 10% biscuit was characterized by the best protein digestibility while the vitamin A derived from MO was denatured during baking. The hedonic test result clustered consumers into two groups. Consumers in the first group rejected all supplemented biscuits because of the green color and hard texture. Those in the second group who are much younger compared to the first group accepted biscuits that are supplemented with MDL up to 20% and are attracted by the novelty of the supplemented biscuits. The four studies presented in the thesis led to the proposal of a snack recipe made from maize porridge (pap) and powdered MO leaves dried in the sun. This drying method preserves more protein (18.06%) than shade and oven drying (17.44% and 17.56% respectively). Pap has the advantage to be a major ingredient in the food repertory of our target population, and it is widely appreciated, well satisfying, broadly available and easy to prepare. MO powder proportions of 0, 5, and 10% will be added to the pap after cooking and when the temperature drops to 40 ° C. The analysis of the nutritional and sensory properties will take place in order to determine the best proportion
Minvielle, Régis. "Parcours africains en Amérique Latine ou comment s'ébauche un dispositif migratoire transatlantique sud-sud". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3022.
Texto completoAfrican migration in Latin America is part of a process of reconfiguration of global migration. Paths unfold and recompose by the way of not only the history of migration policies, crises and economic opportunities but also by the groups and individuals stories. The rising complexity of the control procedures in the North, joint to the South globalization, results in bursting of destinations. By the 1990s, but especially since the 2000s, especially migrants from West Africa, weave the contours of a transatlantic migration South-South device. In Buenos Aires, the Africans try to be part of the territory in different ways. While the vast majority develops a street trading activity, driven mainly by the Murid Senegalese Community, others try to exploit a desire of Africanness, or maybe to find their way in football and in business. From these multiple origins, cosmopolitan links with the various segments of the host society population are born. These interactions, which can lead to negotiation processes, produce social and identity changes in ethnic, religious or gender dimensions
Las migraciones africanas en América Latina hacen parte de un processo de reconfiguración global del fenómeno migratorio. Los recorridos se despliegan y se recomponenal ritmo, no solo de la historia de las politicas migratorias, las crisis y las oportunidades ecónomicas, sino también en función de las historias de grupos e individuos. Los procedimientos de control cada vez más complejos en los países del Norte y la globalización de los países del Sur generan cierta diversificación en los destinos. Desde la década de los 90, pero especialmente desde al año 2000, los immigrantes procedentes principalmente de Africa occidental,han tejido los contornos de un dispositivo transatlántico de migración Sur-Sur. En Buenos Aires, los Africanos se inscriben sobreel territorio según diversas modalidades. Si bien la gran mayoría desarrolla una actividad de comercia callejero, iniciada principalmentepor la comunidad mora senegalesa, otros tratan de explotar un deseo de africanidad, o aún, forjarse un camino en el fútbol y en los negocios. De estas inscripciones múltiples,nacen vinculos cosmopolitas con diversos segmentos de población de la sociedad de acogidad. Esta interraciones, que pueden dar lugar a procesos de negociación, producen recomposiciones sociales e identitarias de carácter étnico, religioso y hasta de género religioso
Capuano, Tonia Astrid. "Small-scale ocean dynamics in the Cape Basin and its impact on the regional circulation". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0115/document.
Texto completoThis study addresses the role of oceanic small-scale processes in the formation and transformation of subsurface waters that participate in the Indo-Atlantic interocean exchange.We focus on the Cape Basin dynamics, characterized by a highly non-linear turbulence.We provide qualitative and quantitative evidence of the direct impact that meso- and submesoscale structures, their dynamical interactions and their seasonal variability have on the local thermocline and intermediate waters. A sequence of numerical simulations, ranging from ’eddy-permitting’ to ’submesoscale resolving’, underlines the importance of an adequate vertical resolution to correctly depict the water masses properties.We point out that Agulhas eddies are mainly generated through baroclinic instabilities and are marked by a clear seasonality. This is linked to the seasonal occurrence of distinct meso-submesoscale instabilities in the upper layers: symmetric instabilities are at play during summer, while mixed-layer instabilities prevail in winter.We also found that Charney baroclinic instability connects these two submesoscale regimes and plays a major role in the seasonal formation of a newly-identified type of mode waters: Agulhas Rings Mode Water. Finally, we show that eddies of both polarity advect, stir and mix Antarctic Intermediate Water, via the mesoscale strain field producing filaments and T-S fine-scale structures.Our results suggest the existence of two dynamical regimes affecting the upper and intermediate layers of the Cape Basin. Near the surface, the submesoscale-driven frontogenesis and their enhanced energetics lead to a predominance of ageostrophic dynamics. The intermediate depths are, instead, characterised by a quasigesotrophic regime due to the prevailing mesoscale effects
Thiebaut, Rafaël. "Traite des esclaves et commerce néerlandais et français à Madagascar (XVIIè et XVIIIè siècles)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H102.
Texto completoThe slave trade on Madagascar provoked important changes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, both politically, economically and socially. The Dutch and the French, present on Cape Colony and the Mascarene Islands, were important players in these commercial, but complex and symbolic, interactions. The transformations are detectable from the first contact onwards, not only in the great kingdoms of Sakalava and Betsimisaraka but also in the most secluded areas. However, commercial relations complexified in the longue durée. Indeed, a certain continuity is identifiable during this entire period. The maritime commerce, which played a primary role in these developments, concerned rice, cattle and slaves bartered for Spanish dollars, firearms and textiles. The slave trade disturbed the balance of powers and the economy of the Big Island. The volume of the trade, calculated from hundreds expeditions done by the Dutch and the French, was already very substantial before the middle of the eighteenth century