Tesis sobre el tema "Caos control"
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Santos, Elinei Pinto dos. "Bifurcações, controle e sincronização do caos nos circuitos de Matsumoto-Chua". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-04122013-105609/.
Texto completoIn this work we use control and synchronization of chaos techniques aiming their implementation in communicating with chaos. These techniques are applied into the electric circuit of Matsumoto-Chua. Initialty, we show the sensibility of the attractors under parameter variations. We determine the attractor basin of attractions. Through the bi-spectral analysis, we verify that the quadratic coupling is high for the Rössler-type attractor, and almost null for the Double-Scroll attractor. For the global charactcrization of this system, we show parameter diagrams of the Lyapunov exponents or auto-correlation. We also study this circuit under a sinusoidal perturbation. In this configuration, we identify new scenario for the transition to chaos through quasi-periodicity. Two of these transitions are identified by us for the first time in this perturbed circuit. We apply five control of chaos techniques: chaos suppression by frequency synchronization, control of unstable periodic orbits by the OGY and feed-back methods, stabilization of the equilibrium points (Hwang method), migration and entrainment (OPCL method). Finally, we consider two acoupled Matsumoto-Chua\'s circuits and determine their synchronization basins. We show that the synchronization in these coupled circuits may not depend on the initial conditions (continuous synchronization basin boundary) or may depend extremely on the initial conditions (riddled or intermingled synchronization basin boundaries).
Medeiros, Everton Santos. "Controle de caos e saltos entre atratores em um sistema com impactos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-20052010-113301/.
Texto completoFor a mechanical system, described by the impact-pair model, we studied the control of chaos by a parametric perturbation and the basin-hopping phenomeno. For this nonintegrable system, we obtained numerically the evolution of its dynamical variables for a large set of initial conditions and control parameters. For this analysis, we used phase planes, Poincar´e sections, bifurcation diagrams, basin of attractions, Lyapunov exponents, and bidimensional parameter spaces. A parametric control was implemented by adding an external perturbation with defined amplitude and frequency. The control of chaos was analized in the two-dimensional parameter space. In the parameter space, we observed the formation of new periodic windows (shrimps) in the neighborhood of previously one. In the new periodic windows, the new controlled attractors have the same shape and periodicity of those in the original windows. For two attractors, the basin-hopping was analyzed for a white noise with frequency band. We showed that the hop frequency increases with the noise amplitude and the dissipation intensity. This occurs due to changes in the basins of attraction.
Souza, Silvio Luiz Thomaz de. "Caos e controle em sistemas mecânicos com impactos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-13122013-120016/.
Texto completoInitially, we analyze three ideal mechanical systems with impacts: an impact oscilator, an impact-pair, and a gear-box (gear-rattling). Between impacts, the motion is described by a linear differential equation. After each impact, we use the Newton law of impact to determine new initial conditions of an analytical solution. Due to impacts, the trajectories in phase space are discontinuous and described by a transcendental map. The Lyapunov exponents, important to characterize the attractors, are calculated from the transcendental map. In the numerical simulations, we observe nonlinear phenomena as crises, intermittency, chaotic behavior, and coexisting attractors. Moreover, we present the basins of attraction of the coexisting attractors. Furthermore, we show how to control the chaotic behavior, with a small perturbation and by the OGY (Ott, Grebogi, and Yorke) method. Finally, we investigate the dynamics of a non-ideal system with impacts, that is composed by an impact-pair system on a non-ideal system (in this system, the energy source actions depend on the system oscillations). From the numerical simulations, we identify nonlinear phenomena as interior crises, intermittency, for which the system oscillates among three chaotic attractors. Besides this intermittency, we observe another one. Associated to a chaotic and two periodic attractors. In addition, we show the riddle basins of attraction of the two coexisting periodic attractors.
Lisboa, Alexandre Coutinho. "Controle de caos em PLL de terceira ordem". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-02092009-100746/.
Texto completoFirstly, features of electronic devices known as PLLs (Phase-Locked Loops) are presented. PLLs are widely employed to extract time signals in communication channels and in applications where automatic control of frequency is desired. The main goal is to study analog PLLs described by a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Thus, conditions for asymptotic stability are derived and a regime of conservative chaos occurring under certain combinations of parameter values is identified. Then, three methods of control of nonlinear/ chaotic dynamics are presented and applied. The methods are the following: the Pyragas method via feedback of state variable; the Pyragas method with time delay in the feedback; and the Sinhas method, which performs the control by disturbing a parameter of the system. Numerical simulations are accomplished in order to illustrate the dynamical behavior of the system when subjected to the action of these methods. This work ends with a study of a single-chain PLL network. Conditions for synchronous, periodic and chaotic (dissipative and conservative) solutions are derived for such a network.
Licciardello, Davide Agatino. "Sviluppo di un sistema di controllo per lo spettrografo CAOS". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3940.
Texto completoCassiano, Jeferson. "Sobre caos homoclinico : aplicações a ciencia da engenharia e mecanica". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265332.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a determinação analítica da ocorrência de um tipo de caos (irregularidade) determinístico denominado Caos Homoclínico em algumas aplicações da Ciência da Engenharia como, por exemplo, a Robótica e a Teoria de Controle (Controle de Bifurcações e Caótico). Para isto, faz-se uso da chamada Teoria de Poincaré - Mel¿nikov que fornece uma forma analítica para a determinação do tipo de comportamento do sistema (regular ou irregular)
Abstract: This work make the analytical determination of the occurrence of a type of deterministic chaos (irregularity) called Homoclinic Chaos in some applications of the Science of Engineering and mechanics as, for example, the Robotics and the Theory of Control (Chaotic Control of Bifurcations so on). For that purpose, the Theory of Poincaré - Mel¿nikov is used that supplies an analytical form for the determination of the type of the system behavior of the system (regular or irregular)
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
Baptista, Murilo da Silva. "Perturbando Sistemas Não-Lineares, uma Abordagem do Controle de Caos". Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-13122007-093342/.
Texto completoInitially, we consider the Logistic map with its many non-linear phenomena. Then, we use this knowledge to discern new phenomena that shall appear when the map is perturbed, that is the Logistic map perturbed by a periodic and constant term. The Matsumoto\'s circuit is presented and, after we set this circuit to behave chaotically, we perturb it with a sinoidal wave, characterized by its frequency and amplitude. This perturbation is responsible for the appearence of a quasi-periodic and periodic oscillations, or the maintenance of chaos. We presented and applied many methods for controlling chaotic oscillations in three systems (the Logistic and Henon maps, and the Matsumoto\'s circuit), showing many ways for stabilizing a periodic orbit, using the methods of Ott-Grebogi-York (OGY), Romeiras, Singer, Sinhas and Huebbler. For targeting the trajectory to a equilibrium point, the Sinha\'s method was used. To transfer the system trajectory from one to another of the coexisting attractors presented in the Matsumoto\'s circuit, we use the Jackson-Huebbler (OPCL) method. Using a set of constant perturbations, in a previously chosen parameter, we showed how we can rapidly direct a trajectory of any of the considered three systems to a aimed target. Besides, it is shown how this method can be experimentally applied.
Sousa, Meirielen Caetano de. "Interação onda-partícula: Ressonâncias, aceleração regular e controle do caos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-14092015-230942/.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we analyze the dynamics of a relativistic particle moving under the influence of a uniform magnetic field and a stationary electrostatic wave given as a series of periodic pulses. The map that describes the time evolution of the system is explicit, and it can be considered as a magnetized relativistic version of the classical standard map. We calculate analytically the approximate position of the periodic points and we use this information to study the primary resonances. For the system under study, we observe that most of its resonances exhibit more than one island chain. It occurs because the system presents an infinite number of resonant terms with the same winding number that may generate islands in the same position of phase space. We verify that this superposition of resonant terms makes the number of chains vary as a function of the parameters of the wave. For sufficiently large values of the wave period or wave number, all the primary resonances present two or more island chains in phase space. We use the islands of primary resonances in this thesis to regularly accelerate particles. In particular, we consider the main resonance of the system, for which the initial energy of the particle can be very close to its rest energy if the parameters of the wave are adequate. Furthermore, we apply a method of control of chaos for near-integrable Hamiltonians that consists in the addition of a simple control term with low amplitude to the system. This control term creates invariant tori in the whole phase space that confine the chaotic trajectories to small regions, making the controlled dynamics more regular. We verify numerically that the control term drastically reduces the chaotic regions. Moreover, we observe that the control of chaos and the consequent recovery of periodic and quasiperiodic trajectories in phase space can be used to improve the process of regular particle acceleration.
Nozaki, Ricardo [UNESP]. "Dinâmica não linear, caos, e controle na microscopia de força atômica". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97026.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O sistema de microscopia de força atômica se tornou um instrumento popular e útil para medir as forças intermoleculares com resolução atômica que pode ser aplicado em eletrônica, análises biológicas, engenharia de materiais, semicondutores, etc. Este trabalho estuda o comportamento da dinâmica não-linear da ponta da sonda causada pelo tipo da amostra e os modos de funcionamento de um microscópio de força atômica. Utilizando-se de simulações numéricas, busca-se uma solução aproximada, através do método de perturbação de múltiplas escalas e teoria de controle linear ótimo consegue-se um bom entendimento do trabalho feito e explicado a seguir. Este trabalho está dividido em três partes, na primeira apresentou-se o problema, mostrando a necessidade de se controlar o comportamento caótico no sistema a ser estudado. Mostrou-se o funcionamento do microscópio atômico com todas suas variáveis de funcionamento. Foram geradas as equações de movimento e os resultados são obtidos através de integrações numéricas das equações de movimento, obteve-se oscilações regulares e irregulares (caóticos), os quais dependem da escolha dos parâmetros do sistema. Na segunda parte do trabalho, utilizou-se o método das múltiplas escalas, efetuou-se a busca de uma solução analítica aproximada para o movimento estacionário do sistema, que foi obtida através de técnicas de perturbações. Este método foi desenvolvido foi desenvolvido por [10] para controlar estes sistemas
The atomic force microscope system has become a popular and useful instrument to measure the intermolecular forces with atomic-resolution that can be applied in electronics, biological analysis, materials, semiconductors etc. This work studies the complex nonlinear dynamic behavior of the probe tip between the sample and cantilever of an atomic force microscope using numeral simulations, method of multiple scales, and optimal linear control. This work concerns of three parts, in the first we will make the presentation of the AFM, showing various models of AFM. In second part, regular and irregular (chaotic) behaviors depend of the physical parameters and can be observed when a numerical integration is performed. When the dynamic system of the AFM becomes a chaotic oscillator a computational and analytical study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the AFM oscillator is proposed and it is obtained by perturbations method. The third part is dedicated to the application and performance of the linear feedback control for the suppressing of the chaotic motion of a non ideal system, theses systems are numerically studied. We use the method developed by [10] to control both the non-ideal system. This method seeks to find an optimal linear feedback control where they find - if conditions for the application of linear control in non-linear, ensuring the stability of the problem
Nozaki, Ricardo. "Dinâmica não linear, caos, e controle na microscopia de força atômica /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97026.
Texto completoAbstract: The atomic force microscope system has become a popular and useful instrument to measure the intermolecular forces with atomic-resolution that can be applied in electronics, biological analysis, materials, semiconductors etc. This work studies the complex nonlinear dynamic behavior of the probe tip between the sample and cantilever of an atomic force microscope using numeral simulations, method of multiple scales, and optimal linear control. This work concerns of three parts, in the first we will make the presentation of the AFM, showing various models of AFM. In second part, regular and irregular (chaotic) behaviors depend of the physical parameters and can be observed when a numerical integration is performed. When the dynamic system of the AFM becomes a chaotic oscillator a computational and analytical study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the AFM oscillator is proposed and it is obtained by perturbations method. The third part is dedicated to the application and performance of the linear feedback control for the suppressing of the chaotic motion of a non ideal system, theses systems are numerically studied. We use the method developed by [10] to control both the non-ideal system. This method seeks to find an optimal linear feedback control where they find - if conditions for the application of linear control in non-linear, ensuring the stability of the problem
Orientador: José Manoel Balthazar
Coorientador: Bento Rodrigues de Pontes
Banca: Átila Madureira Bueno
Banca: Angelo Marcelo Tusset
Mestre
Garms, Marco Antonio. "Modelagem fuzzy para fixação de trajetórias em sistemas caóticos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-10012008-100351/.
Texto completoA mapping of analytical tools for representation and computational treatment of Fuzzy Systems was made in this thesis. This mapping evidenced the existence of relations and the adequacy of the use of the Fuzzy Theory in the models construction for the problems solution involving dynamic systems e, in particular, of chaotic systems. A differentiation was considered about two types of Fuzzy Dynamic Systems - the Intrinsic Fuzzy Dynamic Systems (IFDS) and the Extrinsic Fuzzy Dynamic Systems (EFDS). The EFDS in the Fuzzy modeling is used for the problems solution of trajectories setting in chaotic systems. Case Studies had been developed that allow to verify, by means of simulation in billiards and tests in circuit of Chua (implemented in physical prototype), the adequacy of the use of this strategy in the solution of these problems. Related with Chua circuit, can be mentioned the following achievements: Computational treatment on real circuit; Use of a 8-bits AD converter followed by lowpass filter to compensate this low resolution signals reading; Use of gyrator circuit to implement the inductor used in this circuit; Proposal and accomplishment of a circuit to define the control resistor, via PC parallel port, of simple reproduction. Related with billiards, the following achievements are mentioned: Definition of a new billiard - Garms & Andrade Newtonian Billiard; Development of detailed equations of the simulations billiards analysis. When discussing again the Sequential Logic Fuzzy, is defined and developed, by means of the application of feedback in Sequential Circuits Fuzzy in the Dynamic Systems, an Astable Fuzzy (non-periodic oscillations), which exemplifies an IFDS. Finally, some interpretations of the Physics for the Fuzzy Theory are also presented with the use of the IFDS concept.
Iliuk, Itamar. "Análise de um sistema de captura de energia piezoelétrico não linear e não ideal utilizando-se uma estrutura aporticada". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-26082016-144933/.
Texto completoThe increasing use of new technologies, which have the need for smaller and more energy efficient sources, such as micro-sensors for monitoring systems and structures of the so-called smart cities, assigns environmental energy harvesting a viable option to power such devices. As kinetic energy is a source easily found in the environment, the systems that harvest and convert this type of energy into electricity have been widely studied, especially those using piezoelectric transducers. Considering framed structures, such as buildings, bridges, etc., which are commonly found in the cities, this paper presents a new model of piezoelectric energy harvesting system based on a nonlinear portal frame, under a non-ideal excitation by a source with limited power. To model Piezoelectric couplings, they were considered nonlinearities of the piezoelectric material. Through numerical simulations, the effciency and viability of the proposed model can be verified. A difficulty arises in harvesting energy in an efficient manner, and with a continuous level, because the vibrations of the environment are sinusoidal, random or transient. However, the use of passive controls can improve the energy harvested by removing the chaotic motion of the system and maintaining the oscillation at a stable periodic orbit. Thus, two passive control strategies were employed, the first using a substructure with characteristics of nonlinear energy sink (NES), and the second by introducing a pendulum. In both cases, the simulations showed that the passive control was efficient in bringing the chaotic system to a stable periodic orbit, optimizing the energy harvest system. An analysis considering the uncertainties in the parameters was performed to verify the robustness of the control strategy, as well as the sensitivity of the control system of parametric errors. The results showed the efficiency of passive control and the energy pumping phenomenon in the suppression of the chaotic behavior. The main advantage of passive control is not to require any electronic components for controlling the system, only a mechanical component _mass_, attached to the main structure. A Wavelet Analysis was conducted on the model to identify the oscillatory behavior of the system and allowed the viewing of the vibration frequencies that harvest more energy.
Outa, Roberto. "Supressão do movimento caótico de um rotor dinâmico utilizando o controle linear ótimo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152241.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é a elaboração de um controlador linear ótimo, que possa reduzir um sinal caótico do rotor dinâmico, em um sinal controlado. Para se obter o resultado esperado foi necessário desenvolver atividades ligadas à caracterização do experimento; análise de estabilidade pelo método de Lyapunov; aplicação da função de Lyapunov; análise da sensibilidade das condições iniciais utilizando o expoente de Lyapunov; desenvolvimento do projeto do controle ótimo linear. O resultado final mostra o desempenho da aplicação do controle linear ótimo no sinal caótico, cujo sinal foi reduzido para um comportamento estável e controlado.
The aim of this work is the elaboration of an optimal linear controller that can reduce a chaotic dynamic rotor signal in a controlled signal. To obtain the expected result, it was necessary to develop activities related to the characterization of the experiment; stability analysis by the Lyapunov method; application of the Lyapunov function; sensitivity analysis of the initial conditions by the Lyapunov exponent; development of linear optimum control. The result shows the performance of the optimal linear control in the chaotic signal, whose signal was reduced to a stable and controlled behavior.
Yamaguchi, Patricia Soyuri. "Dinâmica e controle não-lineares da microscopia de força atômica (AFM), incluindo-se termos de ordem fracionária no modelo matemático /". Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192154.
Texto completoResumo: A microscopia da força atômica (AFM) com medidas em nanoescala, vêm da nanotecnologia e constitui atualmente um campo de pesquisa multidisciplinar. A proposta de pesquisa apresentada tem como objetivo contribuir a pesquisa cientifica sobre AFM considerando que sistema está operando no modo intermitente e em meio líquido, e que a dinâmica do amortecimento do meio líquido é determinado por derivadas de ordem fracionária. Através de ferramentas de simulação numérica serão realizadas a análise dinâmica do sistema para os casos em que o sistema tenha comportamento caótico. Para supressão deste comportamento caótico serão utilizadas e analisadas duas estratégias de controle, o controle SDRE (Estados Dependentes da Equação de Riccati) e o controle OLFC (Controle Linear por Realimentação Ótimo).
Abstract: The atomic force microscope (AFM) with nanoscale measurements comes from nanotechnology and is currently a multidisciplinary field of research. The present research proposal aims to contribute to scientific research on AFM considering that the system is operating in the intermittent mode and in liquid medium, and that the damping dynamics of the liquid medium is represented by fractional order derivatives. Through numerical simulation tools, the dynamic analysis of the system will be performed in cases where the system has chaotic behavior. To suppress this chaotic behavior we will use and analyze two control strategies, the SDRE (Riccati Equation Dependent States) and OLFC (Linear Control for Optimum Feedback).
Doutor
Angulo, García Fabiola. "Análisis de la dinámica de convertidores electrónicos de potencia usando PWM basado en promediado cero de la dinámica del error (ZAD)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5941.
Texto completoIn this thesis the behaviour of the buck converter, driven with PWM and Zero Average Dynamic on error (ZAD) technique is studied in an analytical and numerical form. This technique for evaluating duty cycle in a PWM was reported for the first time in the literature in the year 2001. ZAD is widely studied in this thesis. Its main characteristics are: fixed frequency switching, robustness, and low error in the regulation case. These characteristics are very important in power converters. The main issues of this thesis are: To calculate the equilibrium point associated to the buck converter Poincaré map. To determine the stability of the 1-periodic orbit, based on Lyapunov exponents, Floquet exponents and characteristic multipliers. Also an scheme of PWM with a delay time has been studied finding its stability limit. A study of transition to chaos has been made. It has confirmed analytically that the first bifurcation is flip type, the second bifurcation is corner collision type and third bifurcation is flip type, again. Also a controller for chaos is designed and tested and it has been compared with TDAS technique, showing lower error and very fast response. Applying Average theory, a bound for error in the regulation case and in stationary state has been found. This bound confirms the advantages of the ZAD technique. Finally the analytical and numerical results are confirmed in an experimental form.
Lourenço, Rodrigo Francisco Borges [UNESP]. "Análise computacional do comportamento dinâmico de um sistema vibro-impacto". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148777.
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São diversos os equipamentos de engenharia que apresentam vibrações mecânicas, e estas podem ser observadas em forma de acelerações, deslocamentos e velocidade. Os primeiros estudos envolvendo vibrações foram direcionados aos fenômenos naturais e modelagem matemática de sistemas vibrantes, então, começou a aplicação desses estudos em equipamentos de engenharia. Vibrações mecânicas, na maioria dos sistemas dinâmicos, são consideradas como algo indesejado e podem ser danosos. Porém, existem situações que são utilizadas para melhorar o funcionamento e desempenho de máquinas. São diversas as causas de vibrações em sistemas de engenharia, neste trabalho, destaca-se as vibrações causadas por impacto. Quando componentes destes sistemas impactam entre si, causando ruídos de curta duração, são caracterizados como sistemas tipo vibro - impacto. Podem ser citados diversos equipamentos com essas características, como rolos compactadores de solo, martelos de impacto, perfuratrizes de solo, etc. Neste trabalho, demonstra-se o comportamento dinâmico de um sistema vibro – impactante. Para análise deste sistema, foram desenvolvidos códigos computacionais, através do software Octave. No diagrama de estabilidade de Lyapunov, verificou-se que, pontualmente o sistema se apresenta de forma estável. A partir da variação da frequência de excitação, foi observado através dos históricos no tempo, espectros de frequência, mapas de Poincaré e planos de fase, um comportamento periódico e estável, com situações diversas de respostas. Ao analisar a evolução temporal dos expoentes de Lyapunov, para todas as condições de velocidade e deslocamento impostas, o sistema se apresentou de forma caótica. Implementou-se um controlador linear ótimo ao sistema, afim de atenuar as vibrações nas regiões de operação nas quais o sistema é instável. Comprovou-se que a estratégia de controle linear ótimo (LQR, do inglês Linear Quadratic Regulator) demonstra eficiência para este tipo de situação e pode ser utilizada na redução de danos, evitando prejuízos econômicos, perdas biológicas e materiais.
There are several engineering equipment’s that present mechanical vibrations, and these can be observed in the form of displacement, acceleration, and speed. The first studies involving were directed to the natural phenomena and mathematical modeling of vibrations systems, then the application of these studies began in engineering equipment. In most dynamic systems Mechanical vibrations are considered to be unwanted and can be harmful. However, there are situations that are used to improve the operation and performance of machines. There are several causes of vibrations in engineering systems. In this work, the vibrations caused by impact are highlighted. For components of these systems impacting each other, causing short - term noise, they are characterized as vibro-impact systems. Various equipment with these characteristics can be mentioned, such as soil compacting rollers, impact hammers, soil drills, etc. In this work the dynamic behavior of a vibro-impacting system is demonstrated. For the computational analysis of this system, were implemented codes using the software Octave. In the Lyapunov stability diagram, is was verified that, the system presents is stable. From the variation of the excitation frequency, a periodic and stable behavior was observed through time histories, frequency spectrump, poincaré maps and phase planes, with different situations of responses. When analyzing the time evolution of the Lyapunov is exponents, for all imposed conditions of velocity and displacement, the system appeared chaotic. An optimum linear controller was implemented in the system in order to attenuate the vibrations in the operating regions in which the system is unstable. It was verified that the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) demonstrates efficiency for this type of situation and it can be used to reduce damages, avoiding economic, biological, and material losses.
Lourenço, Rodrigo Francisco Borges. "Análise computacional do comportamento dinâmico de um sistema vibro-impacto /". Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148777.
Texto completoResumo: São diversos os equipamentos de engenharia que apresentam vibrações mecânicas, e estas podem ser observadas em forma de acelerações, deslocamentos e velocidade. Os primeiros estudos envolvendo vibrações foram direcionados aos fenômenos naturais e modelagem matemática de sistemas vibrantes, então, começou a aplicação desses estudos em equipamentos de engenharia. Vibrações mecânicas, na maioria dos sistemas dinâmicos, são consideradas como algo indesejado e podem ser danosos. Porém, existem situações que são utilizadas para melhorar o funcionamento e desempenho de máquinas. São diversas as causas de vibrações em sistemas de engenharia, neste trabalho, destaca-se as vibrações causadas por impacto. Quando componentes destes sistemas impactam entre si, causando ruídos de curta duração, são caracterizados como sistemas tipo vibro - impacto. Podem ser citados diversos equipamentos com essas características, como rolos compactadores de solo, martelos de impacto, perfuratrizes de solo, etc. Neste trabalho, demonstra-se o comportamento dinâmico de um sistema vibro – impactante. Para análise deste sistema, foram desenvolvidos códigos computacionais, através do software Octave. No diagrama de estabilidade de Lyapunov, verificou-se que, pontualmente o sistema se apresenta de forma estável. A partir da variação da frequência de excitação, foi observado através dos históricos no tempo, espectros de frequência, mapas de Poincaré e planos de fase, um comportamento periódico e estável, com sit... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Perreira, Das Chagas Thiago. "Stabilization of periodic orbits in discrete and continuous-time systems". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00852424.
Texto completoBueno, Luciana Pavani de Paula. "Dinâmicas emergentes na família de memórias associativas bidirecionais caóticas e sua habilidade para saltar passos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-05072006-004236/.
Texto completoIn this thesis, a family of bidirectional associative memories (C-BAM family) is proposed, implemented and tested to extend the study of chaotic phenomenon in associative models. In the C-BAM model, all the original neurons of bidirectional associative memory (BAM), BAM with delay and exponenetial BAM (eBAM) were substituted for chaotic neurons. Based on the experimental design, values of C-BAM family parameters are set to illustrate the emergence of a diversity of dynamic behavior, such as bifurcation, deterministic chaos and crisis. The existence of the chaotic dynamics is confirmed by calculation of Lyapunov exponents. Empiric experiments showed that the chaotic dynamics modifies the behavior of memory accessibility. Instead of recalling a single pair, as BAM did, its chaotic version yielded a wide diversity of recalled patterns, involving complex transitions via memorized patterns for some parametric variations. Hence, C-BAM family can access patterns that original BAM family cannot. Moreover, the new way of memory accessibility, in which several recall sequences (with distinct sizes) composed of trained and nontrained patterns have emerged, can be used to model the ability of skipping steps by an individual in a task solution. This thesis selected C-BAM network to illustrate that the retrieval sequence can model the ability of a novice or the ability of an expert to execute a task. There are also illustrated cases in which a novice recall can be transformed into an expert recall through parametric variation. Although C-BAM family can reach all stored patterns during the chaotic behavior, it can not converge towards a specific pattern, consequently a desired output is not produced. In this thesis, two control strategies are proposed in order to make the chaotic networks to converge towards the desired memory: the pinning control method and the adaptive control method. Consequently, the C-BAM models can effectively realize the correct heteroassociation to former non-accessible memories and the C-BAM network can quickly be stabilized in the final state of a task, given the first state
Hofbauer, Vincent Roman. "Insertionskontrolle bei Ersatz des vorderen Kreuzbandes mit einem Bildwandler gestützten Navigationssystem". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15514.
Texto completoThe Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of the most often torn ligaments of the musculoskeletal system. Especially in young and active people torn ACL are mainly treated surgically. Despite an increasing knowledge of the anatomical, functional and operative aspects about the ACL, there is still a high rate of long-time failures. Optimal positioning of the ACL-graft during arthroscopic reconstruction is of paramount importance in order to get good results. The aim of this project was to develop and evaluate a fluoroscopically based navigation system which could be used to precisely place the femoral drill hole with help of geometrical templates. The placement and orientation of the tibial tunnel was intended to be displayed on x-rays in relation to the patient’s anatomy. To determine the system’s precision, insertion sites where defined at the fluoroscopic image using geometrical templates and marked on plastic femur models with the help of navigation. The position of the insertion sites on the model was radiologically identified and statistically compared with the aimed ones. Additionally the influence of fluoroscopic projection errors due to axial and planar rotation of the models was tested. Following the model tests, the developed system was clinically tested in the OR to test its feasibility. The model tests revealed a high precision in femoral placement of the insertion sites independent from the three used templates (Hertel et al. / Klos et al. / Cazenave et al.). The median deviations from the aimed positions were in proximal-distal (PD) and in anterior-posterior (AP) direction both below 1.00 mm. In PD-direction the template by Hertel et al. showed a significantly lower deviation from the aimed position than the template developed by Klos et al.. In AP-direction the template by Hertel et al. showed a significantly lower deviation than the two others. The mean projection error due to longitudinal rotation per 1° was for PD-direction 0.31 % (0.07 mm) and in AP-direction 0.36% (0.17 mm). For planar rotation the median projection error per 1° was 0.25% (0.006 mm) for PD-direction and 0,64% (0.30 mm) for AP. The tests for deviation from the aimed position due to imprecise planning revealed for all templates least deviation along the Blumensaat-line (BSL) and most deviation in direction DISTAL / BSL(post.) and PROXIMAL / BSL (post.).
Garcia, Susana Fagundes. "Burocracia e controle político : estudo de caso da Contadoria e Auditoria Geral do Estado (CAGE)". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143297.
Texto completoThis research is a case study on the activities of the Accounting and General Auditing of the State of Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE – as a body for monitoring the execution of public policies. CAGE is the central body of the Internal Control System of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and such monitoring is configured in one of the mechanisms that allows the Governor and his Secretaries to control the performance of the State bureaucracy. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expanded significantly the tasks of the internal control, leading CAGE to develop tools for the monitoring of the implementation of public policy as well as producing information to support the decision-making process of state public managers. With the documentary research, even with limitations, considering that the public data available are very recent, it is observed that the evaluations produced by the internal control body on the performance of the bureaucracy, based on bureaucratic and technical criteria, can be used by political agents, such as the Governor and his Secretaries to align the bureaucracy to policies and politically defined programmes. Thus, the monitoring carried out by CAGE has the potential to function as political control, that is, the Governor can use the information produced by the internal control agency to manage his paperwork and his cabinet. However, such use is circumstantial, not systematic and dependent on political forces. The pressure for public transparency and accountability were some of the contingencies identified. In this work it was possible to analyse the internal control as an instrument available and capable of performing the monitoring of public policies, but it has not been possible to assess how the bureaucracy has changed its performance in implementing public policy given the politicians commands. If on one hand, it was possible to identify that the activities developed by the bureaucratic organ of internal control provides tools to the Governor in political control over the bureaucracy, it is necessary to deepen the research to identify strengths, beyond those already identified, which could lead to the systematic use of this mechanism. Although such mechanism exists it is not integrated with other monitoring bodies within the State leading its use be contingent. A further research could analyze the effect of monitoring conducted by CAGE on the various Secretariats, seeking to identify the answers of the bureaucracy to political control which would allow an assessment of the role of internal control in promoting transparency and government accountability.
Abecasis, Benedita Bettencourt da Câmara. "Replicação numa perspetiva de redes : o caso do projeto Amanhecer". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10977.
Texto completoQuando se fala em strategizing numa perspetiva de redes, a questão do controlo é um dos temas mais recorrentes. Embora, nesta abordagem, este seja visto como um possível inibidor do potencial de inovação da rede, noutros casos, como na teoria sobre a replicação enquanto estratégia, ele é assumido como um elemento chave para o sucesso. Assim, o que se pretende neste trabalho de dissertação é demonstrar, através da combinação das duas perspetivas anteriormente enunciadas, que a replicação como estratégia é, de forma não trivial, um processo distribuído, que envolve recursos e competências complementares às da empresa replicadora. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo de caso, desenvolvido com recurso a entrevistas não estruturadas e semiestruturadas. Como resultado, verificou-se que, embora a empresa replicadora tenha de facto um papel fundamental, ela pode igualmente beneficiar dos contributos e do know-how dos outros atores envolvidos no processo.
When it comes to strategizing in a network perspective, the issue of control is one of the most recurrent themes. Although, in this approach, control is seen as a possible inhibitor of the innovation potential of the network, in other cases, as in the theory about replication as a strategy, it is assumed to be a key element for success. So, what is intended in this dissertation is to demonstrate, through a combination of the two perspectives outlined above, that replication as a strategy is, in a non trivial way, a distributed process that involves resources and skills that are complementary to the replicator firm. To this end, a case study was conducted, using unstructured interviews and semi-structured ones. As a result, it was concluded that, although the replicator firm has actually a key role, it can also benefit from the contributions and expertise of the other actors involved in the process.
Araujo, Aluizio Fausto Ribeiro. "Caos em sistemas de controle com modelos discretos". [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260906.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
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Resumo: Não linearidade e discretização resultam num fenômeno chamado CAOS, onde se observa uma dinâmica extremamente complicada para equações simples. Este trabalho dá ênfase ao estudo da estabilidade local de sistemas de controle com modelos discretos. Observa e estuda a evolução de sua dinâmica: pontos fixos, pontos estáveis, bifurcações, CAOS e CRISE. As condições suficientes para a existência de bifurcação e CAOS são levantadas e aplicadas a um sistema de controle eletrohidraúlico controlado por modulação em largura de pulso, onde se mostra condições citadas anteriormente. As condições suficientes para existência de CAOS são mostradas para sistemas de controle com modelos discreto e se dá ênfase para o levantamento destas condições em sistemas de controle amostrados com planta linear, que têm vasta aplicação em controle.
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Abelli, Andrea. "Commande pour l'optique adaptative : du cas linéaire au cas non linéaire". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4019.
Texto completoHis thesis investigates the control aspects of Adaptive Optics applications, a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effect of wavefront distortions, to high angular resolution imaging. The Adaptive Optics control problem is presented through a survey of the literature. Consequently, the design of a feedback controller is addressed, from a modern control point of view, by means of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian control methodology. The proposed approach emphasizes the ability of the adaptive optics loop to reject the atmospheric aberration. We derive a diagonal state-space system representation which clearly separates the dynamics of the plant (deformable mirror and wavefront sensor) from the disturbance dynamics (atmospheric model). This representation facilitates the numerical resolution of the problem. A frequency analysis is carried out to check the performance and robustness specifications of the multiple-input multiple-output feedback system. Moreover, we analyze the performance and the robustness of LQG-based control compared to classic integral control, by means of end-to-end simulations and by considering different levels of wavefront sensor noise. During on-sky observations, the turbulent energy and relative speed of each atmospheric layer can change rapidly degrading the wavefront estimate. For this reason, a numerical model design algorithm guaranteeing satisfactory disturbance rejection performance even in the case of time-varying turbulence's characteristic is derived. Numerical experiments using the Software Package CAOS have been conducted to demonstrate the robustness of every proposed approach. Given the author firm belief that the future of Adaptive Optics also relies on the development of more sophisticated (i.e., nonlinear) models, a substantial amount of work was dedicated to the study of two classes of widespread pattern recognition methods. Namely Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods, whose regression capabilities are exploited in the solution of the nonlinear optimal tracking problem. Concerning Support Vector Machines, thanks to the singular optimal control theory, constraints are loosened permitting an easier and faster numerical resolution of the optimization problem. So that, in the fully deterministic case the Support Vector controller results simpler to synthesize. With reference to Kernel Methods, an original attempt to bring together their regression strengths with the concept of Adaptive Inverse Control is presented. The Kernel Recursive Least-Square algorithm is used to implement an adaptive inverse controller capable of forcing a suitable nonlinear dynamics to follow a desired output. This very method can also be used to check if a given arbitrary trajectory is an admissible output for the nonlinear system under study. Such an innovative algorithm could be fruitfully applied, in future works, to the control of Tip-Tilt mirrors. Eventually, a first sketch of the theoretical framework supporting the use of Adaptive Inverse Control for the solution of the general tracking problem is given. After introducing the mathematical formulation of the tracking problem and the needed mathematical definitions, sufficient and necessary conditions (linear case) and sufficient (nonlinear case) conditions to the existence of the solution are derived
Ribeiro, Lívia Silva Figueiredo e. "Distribuição de mastócitos e sua relação com a degradação das fibras colágenas em tecidos periodontais: estudo de caso-controle". Faculdade de Odontologia, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21089.
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Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a distribuição e degranulação de mastócitos (MCs) em tecidos periodontais em casos de periodontite, com a degradação do colágeno e com parâmetros clínicos de profundidade de sondagem, nível clínico de inserção e distância da junção cemento-esmalte à margem gengival. Materiais e métodos: Trinta e quatro amostras foram selecionadas, sendo 16 de periodontite (grupo caso) e 18 de saúde ou gengivite (grupo controle). Imunohistoquímica foi feita para identificação de MCs e coloração de Picrosirius para avaliar as fibras colágenas. O número de MCs foi determinado por mm2 no epitélio oral, epitélio juncional e na lâmina própria em microscopia de luz convencional e a avaliação da degranulação de MCs e do colágeno foram feitas no tecido conjuntivo. Teste t e qui-quadrado (p<0,05) foram feitos para comparar os dois grupos e a correlação de Pearson foi feita para analisar a relação dos MCs e os parâmetros clínicos periodontais. Resultados: A quantidade de mastócitos foi significantemente maior (p=0,04) no grupo caso (339,01±188,94 MCs/mm2) comparada ao grupo controle (211,14±131,13 MCs/mm2) no tecido conjuntivo com infiltrado inflamatório. Não houve relação entre a degradação do colágeno entre os grupos, nem da degranulação e o diagnóstico periodontal e nem entre a degranulação e degradação das fibras colágenas (p ≥ 0,30). No grupo controle houve relação entre maior número de MCs no tecido conjuntivo sem infiltrado inflamatório e a degradação de colágeno (p=0,001). Houve correlação significante entre o número de MCs e a profundidade de sondagem (p=0,04). Conclusão: Os mastócitos estão envolvidos na patogênese das doenças periodontais, independente do estágio da doença e podem estar associados à degradação das fibras colágenas do tecido conjuntivo gengival na saúde periodontal e nos estágios iniciais das doenças periodontais.
Aim: To evaluate the relationship between the distribution and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in periodontal tissues in cases of periodontitis, with the degradation of collagen and clinical parameters of probing depth, clinical attachment level and distance from the cemento-enamel junction to gingival margin. Methods: Thirty-four cases were selected, 16 of periodontitis (case group) and 18 health or gingivitis (control group). Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify MCs and picrosirius staining to assess the collagen fibers. The number of MCs was determined by mm2 in oral epithelium, junctional epithelium and lamina propria in conventional light microscopy and evaluation of degranulation of MCs were made in collagen connective tissue. Chi-square test and t test (p<0.05) were made to compare the two groups and Pearson correlation was made to examine the relationship of MCs and periodontal clinical parameters. Results: The number of mast cells was significantly higher (p=0.04) in the case group (339.01±188.94 MCs/mm2) compared to the control group (211.14±131.13 MCs/mm2) in the connective tissue with inflammatory infiltrate. There was no significant relationship between collagen degradation and groups, or degranulation and periodontal diagnosis or between degranulation and collagen fibers degradation (p≥0.30). In the control group there was a relationship between more MCs in connective tissue without inflammatory infiltrate and collagen degradation (p=0.001). There was a significant correlation between the number of MCs and probing depth (p=0.04). Conclusion: Mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, regardless of the stage of the disease and can be associated to the collegen degradation in health periodontal tissue and in early stages of periodontal diseases.
Silva, Dionísio de Souza Nascimento da. "Controladoria na administração pública sob a ótica do controle social : o caso do Observatório Social do Brasil". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172179.
Texto completoThis paper analyzes - in the form of an exploratory case study - the problem of the relationship between the controllership function and social control. In government administration, controllership is the function responsible for the interface with the population, and the obligation to guarantee transparency and accountability pressure the production of reliable and timely information on the part of government managers. We have selected the Rede Observatório Social do Brasil (OSB) for this case study because it is an organization dedicated to monitoring municipal public administrations, systematically using information disclosed in transparency portals. The OSB network is present in more than one hundred cities located in nineteen Brazilian states. The case study sought to evaluate the dimensions in which the exercise of the activities developed by the Observatórios Sociais can correspond to typical functions of the controllers. First, a review of the literature was carried out to dismantle the control activity in a set of functions typical of the government sector. The critical factors of the efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness of social control were rescued from the research about Orçamento Participativo (OP), the tool of participation with the longest trajectory in the scope of municipal management. Then, it was possible to identify, through interviews and survey, those functions that, from the perspective of selected actors of the OSB Network, corroborate the social control. The results show that al typical controllership’s functions are relevant for social control, with emphasis on those related to the previous and concomitant controls, given the preventive nature of the OSB network. This observation can be understood as an alert and demonstrates the need to review the picture observed in the internal control institutions surveyed, which focus their activities on subsequent control activities.
Chagas, Thiago Pereira das. "Stabilization of periodic orbits in discrete and continuous-time systems". Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2013. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2770.
Texto completoGomes, Josir Simeone. "El control administrativo en empresas brasileñas internacionalizadas: ocho casos comparativos". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114842.
Texto completoEl objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la internacionalización de operaciones en las empresas causa algún impacto en el manejo de sistemas de control. Usando el método de estudio de casos, este documento analiza ocho empresas brasileñas que operan a nivel internacional. Se guió el estudio bajo la premisa que cuanto más grande sea el alcance geográfico de una empresa, mayor será la complejidad para administrarla, requiriendo adoptar nuevos y más sofisticados sistemas de control. La literatura sobre control administrativo (Anthony & Govindarajan, 1998; Dyment, 1987; Gomes & Amat, 2001; Merchant, 1998 entre otros) da una perspectiva relativamente similar sobre el tema de control administrativo de empresas internacionalizadas.
O objetivo deste estudo é determinar se a internacionalização das operações gera um impacto sobre os sistemas de controle gerencial. Usando o método de estudo de caso, este artigo analisa oito empresas brasileiras que operam internacionalmente.A pesquisa orientou-se pela premissa de que a medida que aumenta o escopo geográfico das operações de uma empresa, sua complexidade administrativa também cresce, exigindo a adoção de novos e mais sofisticados sistemas de controle. A literatura sobre controle gerencial (veja Anthony & Govindarajan, 1998; Dyment, 1987; Gomes & Amat, 2001; Merchant, 1998; entre outros) tratam o tema controle de gestão em empresas internacionalizadas de maneira similar.
Muacassange, Profirio Manuel Ipupo. "O sistema de controlo interno no sector da saúde em Angola: um estudo de caso e uma proposta de abordagem". Master's thesis, universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27369.
Texto completoBarbosa, Francisco Alexandrino de ALmeida. "Gerenciamento estrategico de energia : estudo de caso". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264739.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia executiva de Gerenciamento Estratégico de Energia, de forma sistematizada, utilizando ferramentas de gerenciamento estratégico de processos, método PDCA, conceito de just in time e administração e gestão de estoques; que permitirão o tratamento de dados e informações quantitativas e qualitativas a serem aplicadas, independentes e/ou integradamente, objetivando a eficiência energética dos sistemas. Visando compartilhar de forma irrestrita com a comunidade direta ou indiretamente envolvida no programa, o mesmo foi desenvolvido e aplicado no sistema produtor da Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado do Maranhão; Sistema produtor de Italuís, seguindo as etapas de sensibilização da comunidade, através de diversos mecanismos; execução de diagnósticos energéticos compartilhados; promoção de análises tarifaria pontual; promoção de estudos da viabilidade econômica da implementação das ações; avaliação do desempenho auferido e ações de realinhamento da metodologia adotada, de modo a garantir melhoria na qualidade da energia fornecida pelo concessionário, redução de despesas com energia, na produção e ainda, otimização do sistema elétrico reduzindo assim, a necessidade de novos investimentos na geração, transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica, com conseqüente melhoria na preservação do meio ambiente. Embora não tendo sido possível a implantação dos recursos tecnológicos identificados, neste primeiro momento, as medidas de pura gestão, foram suficientes para promover um percentual de economia, da ordem de 20% (vinte por cento) sobre a média anual de consumo e faturamento de energia elétrica na produção do sistema
Abstract: This work, studies an executive methodology of Industrial Energy Management, in a systemized form, using strategical management tools of processes, method pdca, concept of ¨just in time¨ and administration and management of stock; that they will allow the data handling and quantitative and qualitative informations to be applied, independent and/or totality, objectifying systems' energy efficiency. Aiming to share unrestrictedly with the directly or indirectly involved community in the program, it was also developed and applied in the producing system of the ¨Compania de Água e Esgoto¨ of the State of the Maranhão; Italuís's producing system of Italuís, following the stages of sensitivity of the community, through several mechanisms; shared energy disgnostic execution; promotion of analyses would tariff prompt; promotion of studies over the economic viability of the actions implementation ; evaluation of the gained performance and action of realignment actions adopted methodology, in order to guarantee improvement of energy quality supplied through the concessionaire, reduction of expenditures with energy, in the production and still, optimization of the electrical system reducing thus, the necessity of new investments over the generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy, with consequent improvement on the environment preservation. Although the identified technological resources had not been possible , at this first moment, the measures of pure management, had been enough to promote a percentage of economy, of (twenty percent) over the annual average of consumption and invoicing of electric energy in the production of the system
Mestrado
Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura
Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica
Torminato, Silvio Miotta. "Analise da utilização da ferramenta CEP = um estudo de caso na manufatura de autopeças". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264246.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O objetivo principal desta dissertação é apresentar uma aplicação da ferramenta CEP, quando essa aplicação se desenvolve em um ambiente onde a preocupação maior é focada na qualidade, deslocando o conceito de volume de controle para a especificidade do mesmo. Mostra-se que apesar das limitações de determinados processos, a ferramenta pode auxiliar os mesmos controlando e reduzindo sua variabilidade dentro dos parâmetros tecnológicos conhecidos. O estudo se iniciou objetivando a redução de cartas de controle, já que este excesso de cartas, desmotivava os profissionais envolvidos, colocando a ferramenta CEP em descrédito. Durante o estudo de caso, identificou-se uma oportunidade de utilização eficaz dos recursos disponíveis e da aplicação da ferramenta em duas áreas distintas da empresa. Nessas, modo conseguiu-se um controle mais eficaz do processo, resultando na redução de horas paradas de máquina, eliminação de risco de acidente, volta da confiança na ferramenta CEP obteve-se estabilidade em dois processos controlando somente um deles
Abstract: The main goal of this dissertation is to present an application of the SPC tool when this application is developed in an environment where the concern is more focused on quality, shifting the concept of volume control for its specification. It shows that despite all the limitation at determined processes, the tool can assist them (the processes) by controlling and reducing their variability under known technological parameters. The study started by focusing the control letters, dismotivated by focusing the control letters, seen that consequence, dishonoring the SPC tool. During the case study, I could identify an effective usage of the available resources in the application of the tool at two distinctive areas in the plant. In this manner, an effective control of the process was more effective, resulting to a reduction of the idle time by the machine, eliminating accident risks, concerning the SPC tool¿s reliance, I can state that the SPC tool is stable at both processes controlling only one of them
Mestrado
Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura
Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica
Mottin, Antonio Paulo. "O sistema de controle gerencial em empresas petrolíferas: um estudo de caso múltiplo: os casos da Petróleo Brasileiro S/A. (Petrobras) e da Shell Brasil Ltda". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2865.
Texto completoSince the last half of the past century, the industrialization in Brazil had entered a phase of great expansion, increasing the demand for fuels. In this context, the petrol industry had achieved a high degree of importance that continues today. The companies linked with the value chain of fuels had a performance that started to be important for the whole economy, either by the influence on the costs, as in the capital market, or by the high investments that they required. The present study analyzes the management control systems of Petróleo Brasileiro S/A (Petrobras) and Shell Brasil Ltda, aiming to verify whether their management control systems are adapted to the literature on this topic. The multiple case research was done through interviews with managers of the two petrol companies about organizational targets, responsibility accounting, budgeting, balanced scorecard (BSC) and Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP). It was also collected institutional information published by the two companies.
Murgueytio, Zoraida Violeta López. "Estimação algébrica aplicada aos sistemas de controle - um estudo de casos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-26082011-150030/.
Texto completoThe control topology that is considered in this work is the union of a traditional control technique (e.g. a state feedback or the computed torque method) with the Algebraic Estimator. The obtained results reinforce the common sense about this class of estimators, that the use of Algebraic Estimators may produce the performance, robustness and noise immunity that mimics the case where perfect information of the state is available.
Santos, Katia Aparecida dos. "O conselho de acompanhamento e controle social do Fundef: um estudo de caso do município de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-29012008-165547/.
Texto completoThe aim of this dissertation, which is a case study about the Council for the Accompaniment and Social Control (CACS) of the Fund for Development of Fundamental Education and Valorization of Teachers (FUNDEF) of the Municipality of São Paulo, is to investigate the actions of the Council Members while carrying out the activities of the Council and thus comprehend what the real conditions they had to carry out the accompaniment and the social control of FUNDEF\'s bills in the Municipality of São Paulo were. In addition to that, we also investigated the dynamics adopted by this Council to carry out its duties according to the Brazilian legislation, for being a recent-created Council in the Education history in Brazil. The case study was carried out using the Meeting Minutes and the Annual Reports written between the years of 1998 and 2006. Interviews with CACS members complemented this investigation. As a result of the study, it was possible to observe that during the first four managements they were not able to analyze FUNDEF\'s bills of the Municipality of São Paulo, only during the fifth management the Council Members were able to draw up a report of their management period. It was also observed that what hindered the Council Members\' performance was the lack of data to analyze the bills, the moroseness of the municipal public administration to name new Council Members, the troubles the Council Members have learning the Brazilian legislation and doing accounts during their managements, and the constant substitution of members, specially the segment of parents,. In spite of effectively having low interference in the actions of the Municipality Government, the Council (CACS) is an important place to discuss about the Democratic Management of the Education Financing.
Fariad, Mohamed. "Enjeux strategiques et contrôle interne : cas des établissements de crédit". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111001.
Texto completoInternal control can be defined as being all the plans, activities and actions implemented in the organization to influence behaviours and reach defined objectives. In banking sector, it occupies a central place and is characterized by an accumulation of prudential requirements. At the same time, internal control is the responsibility of the manager of the establishment considered as its foundation, but who could also have divergent objectives with the ad hoc framework.This study concerns the interactions between the manager and the internal control. These seem complex mainly because, on the one hand, of the difference of objectives between the stakeholders and, the other hand, of limits of the internal control framework. This complexity can be explained by an internal control in two dimensions, namely a managerial dimension as lever allowing the manager to influence the employees behaviours, and a prudential dimension as a constraint consisting in applying the planned standards. Regarding this duality, the manager could privilege the managerial dimension by opportunism, a bad arbitration or by an inappropriate way of management.In spite of the importance of prudential standards, these cannot alone solve all the inadequacies and could even constitute a constraint for the manager who could be confronted to a difference between individual, collective and prudential objectives. In front of the accumulation of the standards, the diversity of the parties and the inherent risks, the framework of the internal control and the role of the manager would gain to be redesigned and to evolve towards a two-dimensional framework based on sound governance, ethics, skills and responsible distribution of powers
Marcos, Elizangela de Lima [UNESP]. "Implantação do controle estatístico de processo: um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor alimentício". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124034.
Texto completoO propósito desta dissertação é analisar a implantação da ferramenta Controle Estatístico de Processo (CEP) para a gestão de operações de uma empresa do setor alimentício. Para tanto, realizou-se uma fundamentação que compreende: o Controle de Qualidade, a Variabilidade do Processo e o CEP. Esta fundamentação teórica apoiou o presente estudo de caso, consequentemente, foi possível descrever e discutir todas as etapas de aplicação da ferramenta no contexto de iplementação de um novo sistema de Gestão. Em adição, sugerir a proposta de um roteiro para auxílio na implantação da ferramenta CEP em processos de manufatura. Os resultados permitem constatar que as ferramentas que compõe um pacote corporativo podem não ser eficazes, quando esta não é analisada quanto à sua dimensão teórica de aplicabilidade no local a ser utilizado. Outro ponto constatado nos resultados é a necessidade de formalizar uma norma padrão de aplicabilidade de ferramentas de gestão, evitando a ocorrência de erros comuns de erros comuns, como, a não existência de um estudo para identificar não apenas a característica da qualidade, mas quais equipamentos ou pontos de operação devem ser monitorados pela ferramenta contida no Sistema de Gestão
The purpose of this dissertation is to analize the implentation of the SPC (Statistical Process Control) for the management of operations in a food company. Furthermore, it was performer a theoretical review that includes: Quality Control, Process Variability and SPC. This theoretical review supported this case study, and it has possible to describe and discuss all the steps of deployment the tool in the new System of Management. In addition, to suggest a proposal of a guide to aid the implementation of the SPC in manufacturing processes. The results reveal that comprise a corporative guide may not be effective, when this is not analyzed in a techinical dimension of applicability on the local to be used. Moreover, the point observed in the results, all the System of Management need to formalize a standard applicatibility of management tools, avoiding common mistakes; for instance, non-existence of a study to identify which equipment or point of operatio must be monitored
Marcos, Elizangela de Lima. "Implantação do controle estatístico de processo : um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor alimentício /". Bauru, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124034.
Texto completoBanca: José de Souza Rodrigues
Banca: João Pedro Albino
Resumo: O propósito desta dissertação é analisar a implantação da ferramenta Controle Estatístico de Processo (CEP) para a gestão de operações de uma empresa do setor alimentício. Para tanto, realizou-se uma fundamentação que compreende: o Controle de Qualidade, a Variabilidade do Processo e o CEP. Esta fundamentação teórica apoiou o presente estudo de caso, consequentemente, foi possível descrever e discutir todas as etapas de aplicação da ferramenta no contexto de iplementação de um novo sistema de Gestão. Em adição, sugerir a proposta de um roteiro para auxílio na implantação da ferramenta CEP em processos de manufatura. Os resultados permitem constatar que as ferramentas que compõe um pacote corporativo podem não ser eficazes, quando esta não é analisada quanto à sua dimensão teórica de aplicabilidade no local a ser utilizado. Outro ponto constatado nos resultados é a necessidade de formalizar uma norma padrão de aplicabilidade de ferramentas de gestão, evitando a ocorrência de erros comuns de erros comuns, como, a não existência de um estudo para identificar não apenas a característica da qualidade, mas quais equipamentos ou pontos de operação devem ser monitorados pela ferramenta contida no Sistema de Gestão
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to analize the implentation of the SPC (Statistical Process Control) for the management of operations in a food company. Furthermore, it was performer a theoretical review that includes: Quality Control, Process Variability and SPC. This theoretical review supported this case study, and it has possible to describe and discuss all the steps of deployment the tool in the new System of Management. In addition, to suggest a proposal of a guide to aid the implementation of the SPC in manufacturing processes. The results reveal that comprise a corporative guide may not be effective, when this is not analyzed in a techinical dimension of applicability on the local to be used. Moreover, the point observed in the results, all the System of Management need to formalize a standard applicatibility of management tools, avoiding common mistakes; for instance, non-existence of a study to identify which equipment or point of operatio must be monitored
Mestre
Filgueiras, Aline de Almeida. "Impacto do sistema de controle gerencial de empresas internacionalizadas: estudo de caso Marcopolo S.A". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6245.
Texto completoThe present study looked for to analyze the impact of the management control system in internationalized companies and to compare it with the characteristics that a control system of an internationalized company must have, according to literature highlighted in this study. Therefore, it was investigated the existence of modifications on mechanisms of management control system practiced by this company and compared with those suggested by the authors studied in this research. Looking forward to reach the proposed objective of this research, initially it was realized a revision of literature on management control, process of internationalization, theories of internationalization and, after that, defined a plane of reference to guide the study. Because of the characteristics and intentions of this research the study of case method was adopted, for being the framework that makes possible to reach a bigger level of depth on the subject and allows greater accuracy when it was analyzed one or more organizations through the comparison of these procedures with the founded ideal types in literature. According to the result of this research, it was observed that the management control system in use in the verified company fits, in diverse aspects, to the theoretical beddings that guide this study. On this form the company presents points related with those who were seen as excellent in studied literature, evidencing knowledge concerning the importance of mechanisms of control integration to the reach the organization objectives in the external environment.
Hessler, Carlos Vilibaldo. "Aplicação de controle estatístico de processo na empresa Metasa como uma ferramenta de competitividade". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2008. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/302.
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In the last years many areas in the productive section have experienced fast technologic progress and, this way, demanding even more specific tools to control and assess these processes. Significant improvement in the processes of quality characteristics measurements has been noted. Regarding the process control, in 1924, Walter Shewhart (1931) developed the statistic concept of control letters to processes which data are independent and normally distributed, supposition that must be understood to control letters construction. This article has the goal to show the process statistic control letters, in the painting sector of the Company Metasa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which process characteristic of industrial painting analyzed was the paint coat thickness. The data were collected taking into consideration, the sequences that form the paint application process (painting coating), searching to offer a sensible improvement in the quality levels of this sector, with the objective of reducing production costs. The results found are of great importance to the company, since limits of control were established that will allow monitor the processes. For the cases where the analysis, otherwise, diagnosed the process permanence out of control, the study of their variability causes was necessary.
Aguilar, Verónika Karolina Mosqueira. "As políticas antidrogas dos Estados Unidos na região andina = o caso peruano". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279402.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Com o final da Guerra fria, e com o processo da globalização manifestam-se profundas mudanças no mundo ocidental que vêm definindo novas estratégias políticas. No plano da segurança a nova agenda concentra-se nos problemas interestatais, entre os que se destaca o narcotráfico. Na procura de alternativas de solução na região andina, se deu a XV Reunião do Conselho Presidencial Andino (Quito, Julho 2004) onde foram aprovadas as linhas gerais da segurança externa comum, autorizando a prevenção e o enfrentamento de ameaças à segurança. O combate ao problema do narcotráfico se da mediante as Políticas Antidrogas direcionadas pelos Estados Unidos, centradas na redução da produção de pasta básica de cocaína, nos países produtores, Colômbia, Peru e Bolívia. Os programas com esse intuito são o Plano Colômbia, e a Iniciativa Regional Andina. Ditas estratégias poderiam pôr em ameaça a segurança desses países. É assim que o objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar um panorama sobre os impactos das políticas antidrogas na segurança dos países andinos no plano econômico, social e político e aprofundar no caso peruano, como è tratado o problema coca-cocaína no congresso e os possíveis interesses trás a continuidade da atual política antidroga. Considera-se relevante promover a avaliação de novas estratégias antidrogas que se ajustem ao conceito de segurança da região e a sua realidade. Usa-se a metodologia de análise documentaria de relatórios mundiais de instituições que combatem o narcotráfico, discursos de representantes dos agricultores cocaleros, e os projetos leis apresentados no congresso peruano, á vez que textos de autores especialistas entre outros
Abstract: With the end of the Cold War and the process of globalization, profound changes have occurred in the western world, these changes are defining new policies. In the plan of security, new security agendas are focused on the interstate problems, among highlights the drug trafficking. In the search for alternative solutions in the Andean region was where the XIA approved the outlines of the common external security by allowing the prevention and confrontation of security threats. Combating drug trafficking through the current anti-drug policies directed by Estates Unites, focusing on reducing the production of basic paste of cocaine, these politics are o Plan Colombia, and Andean Regional Initiative, Might be threatening the security of these countries. Though, the aim of this study is to show a picture of the economics, social and political impacts of current drug policies of the security of Andean countries. Is relevant a new evaluation promote anti-drug strategies to adapt to conceit of security to the reality of the region. Use data analysis methodology is a documentary of world report of institutions that combated or drug trafficking, discourse from representatives cocaleras, e the projects leis presented in Peruvians congress, and the other texts
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política
Oliveira, Maria Lucinda Lança de. "O controlo de gestão, fator de sustentabilidade numa multinacional: estudo de Caso: HEMPEL (Portugal) Lda". Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/27791.
Texto completoO contexto empresarial, nas últimas décadas, evoluiu a um ritmo muito acelerado. A competitividade global, até então quase inexistente, tomou proporções gigantescas pelo efeito globalização e devidamente suportada pelas inovações tecnológicas. A informação assume assim um papel fundamental, como suporte à gestão e á tomada de decisões. A gestão das organizações tem sofrido grandes mutações: a definição da estratégia, com base na visão, na missão e nos objectivos estratégicos, não representa um garante de sucesso. A estrutura terá de operacionalizar e executar a estratégia, devidamente sustentada num processo de controlo de gestão, adequado à realidade da organização. A evolução dos sistemas de controlo de gestão, a cuidada avaliação de desempenho das organizações, a implementação de medidas corretivas e o apuramento de responsabilidades, aumentam a eficácia do desempenho do gestor. Indicadores chave do controlo de gestão, os fatores não financeiros e intangíveis, ligados às organizações e ao seu sucesso, agora considerados de grande relevância, não reduzem a importância da avaliação do desempenho financeiro nas entidades com fins lucrativos, na medida em que sintetiza o impacto de todas as decisões de gestão na capacidade de criação de valor. Nesta perspetiva, convém realçar que o conceito de criação de valor é muito abrangente, considerando os diferentes stakeholders que intervêm na organização. Neste trabalho de investigação, centrámo-nos na avaliação do contributo do controlo de gestão, como fator de sustentabilidade numa empresa multinacional. Para o efeito necessitámos de um conhecimento pormenorizado dos procedimentos e processos da organização, pelo que foi escolhida a metodologia de investigação, estudo de caso. As evidências encontradas apontam para a importância dos instrumentos de controlo de gestão no crescimento da organização, na medida em que permitiram a monitorização da atividade e um maior envolvimento dos gestores. Há, no entanto, oportunidades de melhoria da eficácia do sistema implementado, nomeadamente no controlo da atividade e da gestão de projetos.
The business context, in the last decades, has evolved at a very fast pace. Global competitiveness, which until then had been almost non-existent, took on gigantic proportions due to the effect of globalization and properly supported by technological innovations. Information thus plays a key role in management support and decision-making. The management of organizations has undergone great changes: the definition of strategy, based on vision, mission and strategic objectives, does not represent a guarantee of success. The structure has to operationalize and execute the strategy, duly sustained in a management control process, suitable to the reality of the organization. The evolution of management control systems, the careful evaluation of the organizations performance, the implementation of corrective measures and a discharge of responsibilities, increase the efficiency of the manager's performance. The main management control indicators, the non-financial and intangible factors, linked to the organizations and to their success, which are now considered of great relevance, do not reduce the importance of evaluating financial performance in for-profit entities, in a way that they summarize the impact of whole management decisions on the ability to create value. In this perspective, it should be emphasized that the concept of value creation is very broad considering the different stakeholders that intervene in the organization. In this research, we focus the evaluation of the contribution of the management control as a factor of sustainability in a multinational company. For this purpose we need a detailed knowledge of the procedures and processes of the organization, so we chose the case study as the research methodology. The evidence found point to the importance of the instruments of management control in the growth of the organization, since they allowed the monitoring of the activity and a greater involvement of the managers. There are, however, opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the system implemented, namely in the control of the activity and in the management of project.
Martins, Caroline Gameiro Lopes [UNESP]. "Controle de dinâmica caótica com toros robustos". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91880.
Texto completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Investigamos nesta dissertação a introdução de uma barreira dinâmica em diferentes sistemas físicos caóticos, a fim de analisar a influência que esta barreira causa na dinâmica e topologia destes sistemas. A barreira principal deste estudo é a barreira denominada Toro Robusto, que nada mais é do que uma curva invariante no espaço de fases em meio a estruturas de ressonância, mares de caos, etc. A barreira Toro Robusto bloqueia a difusão caótica no espaço de fases associado ao sistema físico, e causa também uma estabilização em sua vizinhança linear. Introduziremos Toros Robustos em vários tipos de sistemas dinâmicos, como por exemplo, em uma Hamiltoniana “Toy Model” a fim de entender o seu efeito no processo de reconexão ou “overlap” de ressonâncias isócronas. Toros Robustos quebrando a dimerização de cadeias de ressonância também foram estudados no mapa padrão “não-twist”. O bloqueio da difusão de Arnold no mapa padrão acoplado também foi mostrado, assim como, a introdução de Toros Robustos em sistemas utilizados em física de plasmas, como meio de controle de caos em plasma confinado em Tokamak. Outra barreira apresentada aqui é a barreira do tipo “meander” que surge através do processo de reconexão de ressonâncias no espaço de fases. Introduziremos um novo mapa discreto que chamamos de Mapa padrão “não-twist” labiríntico, que apresenta múltiplas regiões de barreiras “meanders” por todo o espaço de fases
We investigated in this work the introduction of a dynamical barrier in different chaotic physical systems in order to analyze the influence that it causes in the topology and in the dynamics of them. The main barrier studied here is called Robust Tori which is an invariant curve in the phase space permeated by resonance structures and chaotic seas. The Robust Torus barrier blocks the chaotic diffusion in the phase space of the associated physical system, and it also causes a linear stabilization in its neighborhood. Robust Tori will be introduced in several types of dynamic systems, such as in a Toy Model Hamiltonian in order to understand their effect on the reconnection process or overlap of isochronous resonances. The breakdown of resonance dimerization by Robust Tori was also studied using the nontwist standard map. The blocking of Arnold diffusion in the coupled standard map was also shown, as well as the introduction of Robust Tori in relevant models for plasma physics as a tool for controlling chaos in confined plasmas in Tokamaks. Another barrier, which is presented here, is the meander barrier that emerges through the reconnection process of resonances in phase space. We will also introduce a new discrete map, which we call labyrinthic standard non-twist map that shows multiple regions of meanders barriers around the phase space
Barbosa, Joelton Fonseca. "O efeito da autocorrela??o no desempenho do gr?fico T2 de hotelling: caso bivariado". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18562.
Texto completoThe chart of control of Hotelling T2 has been the main statistical device used in monitoring multivariate processes. Currently the technological development of control systems and automation enabled a high rate of collection of information of the production systems in very short time intervals, causing a dependency between the results of observations. This phenomenon known as auto correlation causes in the statistical control of the multivariate processes a high rate of false alarms, prejudicing in the chart performance. This entails the violation of the assumption of independence and normality of the distribution. In this thesis we considered not only the correlation between two variables, but also the dependence between observations of the same variable, that is, auto correlation. It was studied by simulation, the bi variate case and the effect of auto correlation on the performance of the T2 chart of Hotelling.
O grafico de controle T2 de Hotelling tem sido o principal dispositivo estat?stico utilizado no monitoramento de processos multivariados. Atualmente com o desenvolvimento tecnol?gico dos sistemas de controle e automa??o possibilitou uma elevada taxa de coletas das informa??es dos sistemas produtivos em intervalos de tempo muito curto, provocando uma depend?ncia entre os resultados das observa??es. Este fen?meno conhecido como autocorrela??o provoca no controle estat?stico de processos multivariado uma grande quantidade de alarmes falsos, prejudicando no desempenho do gr?fico. Isto acarreta na viola??o do pressuposto de independ?ncia e da normalidade da distribui??o. Nesta disserta??o considerou-se n?o s? a correla??o entre duas vari?veis, mas tamb?m a depend?ncia entre observa??es de uma mesma vari?vel, isto e, a autocorrela??o. Estudou-se, por meio de simula??o, o caso bivariado e o efeito da autocorrela??o no desempenho do gr?fico T2 de Hotelling
Oliveira, Luciana Maria de. "A utiliza??o do controle estat?stico do processo para o monitoramento do sangue: estudo de caso no Memonorte-RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14889.
Texto completoThe present work is grounded basically on the use of the Basic Tools for the Statistic Process Control SPC, with the intent to detect non-conformities on a given productive process. It consists on a case study accomplished at a Hemocenter in Natal (Rio Grande do Norte). In this study it is shown that, the Statistic Process Control Technique, which was used as a tool, is useful to identify on-conformities on the volume of hemocomponents. The gathering of the used data was performed by means of document analysis, direct observations and database queries. The results achieved from the study show that the analyzed products, even though when they have presented, in some cases, points out of control, they satisfied the ANVISA standards. Finally, suggestions for further improvement of the final product and guidance for future employment of CEP, also extended to other lines of production, are presented
A presente disserta??o fundamenta-se, basicamente, na utiliza??o das Ferramentas B?sicas do Controle Estat?stico do Processo CEP, com o objetivo de detectar n?o conformidades num determinado processo produtivo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, realizado em um Hemocentro, no munic?pio de Natal (Rio Grande do Norte). Demonstra-se no estudo que a t?cnica do controle estat?stico do processo, utilizada como ferramenta, ? ?til para identificar n?o conformidades no volume dos hemocomponentes. A coleta dos dados utilizados se deu atrav?s de: an?lise documental, observa??es diretas e consultas ao banco de dados. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que os produtos analisados, mesmo apresentando, em alguns casos, pontos fora de controle, satisfaziam as normas da ANVISA. Finalmente, s?o apresentadas sugest?es para melhorar ainda mais o produto final e tamb?m orientar a futura implanta??o do CEP, inclusive em outras linhas de produ??o
Frias, Alessandro Rodrigues 1977. "Gestão de malhas de controle no processo de fabricação de papel = estudo de caso = Control loop management in papermaking process: case study". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266583.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: A Gestão de Malhas de Controle ou CLM (Control Loop Management) tem-se mostrado uma ferramenta importante para monitorar o funcionamento das malhas de controle nas indústrias, permitindo aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade por meio da redução no consumo de insumos e estabilidade da planta. Com isso, têm-se as justificativas necessárias para se pesquisar e aprimorar as técnicas existentes para gestão de malhas de controle nas indústrias. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre Gestão de Malhas de Controle em ambiente industrial por meio de um procedimento prático utilizando a metodologia DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analisar, Implementar e Controlar) e também os principais índices de desempenho utilizados no software Sindus OPP como: Variabilidade, Erro Médio, Integral do Erro Absoluto (IAE), Índice de Capabilidade do Processo (CPK), Cruzamento de Setpoint (SP), Percurso da Válvula, Reversão e Saturação da Válvula na gestão on-line de malhas de controle. A revisão bibliográfica abrange os principais conceitos de gestão de malhas de controle, fundamentação teórica sobre a metodologia proposta para gestão de malhas, indicadores de desempenho e também sobre o processo de fabricação de papel, pois o estudo de caso apresentado neste trabalho foi realizado em malhas de controle do sistema de preparação de massa para fabricação de papel. Dentre os resultados obtidos destaca-se a redução de variabilidade das malhas de controle de nível do tanque de água fresca (96,9% menor), do tanque de massa refinada (98,6% menor) e do tanque de mistura (98,3% menor). A redução dos KPIs Técnicos das malhas de controle mostra que as ferramentas de gestão on-line de malhas de controle utilizadas no software Sindus OPP são práticas e eficazes, pois, permitiram fazer a gestão das malhas com foco em redução de variabilidade e melhoria contínua do processo de fabricação de papel
Abstract: The Control Loop Management (CLM) has been an important tool to monitoring the operation of the control loops in industry, allowing to increase productivity and quality through reducing the consumption of raw materials and plant stability. With this, there are the necessary justifications to research and improve the existing techniques for managing control loops in industry. This paper presents a case study on Control Loop Management in industrial environment by a practical procedure using the DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) and the key performance indicators used in software Sindus OPP: Variability, Average Error, Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Process Capability Index (CPK), Setpoint (SP) Crossing, Valve Travel, Valve Reversals and Valve Out Limit in online control loop management. The literature review includes the major concepts of Control Loop Management, the theoretical foundation of the proposed methodology for managing loops, performance indicators and also about the papermaking process, because the case study presented in this paper was performed on control loops of the stock preparation system for papermaking. Among the results highlight the variability reduction of control loops of the level of fresh water tank (96.9% less), of the refined pulp tank (98.6% less) and mixing tank (98.3% less). The reduction of Technical KPIs of control loops shows that the online management tools of control loops used in software Sindus OPP is practical and effective, because it allowed to manage the loops with focus on reducing variability and continuous improvement of papermaking process
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Sandqvist, Mattias y Robert Johansson. "Implementation av Network Admission Control". Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-901.
Texto completoThis examination work is about implementation of Cisco Systems Network Admission Control (NAC) within a leading IT-company in region of Jönköping. NAC is a technique that is used for securing the internal network from the inside. NAC can verify that the client who connects to the network has the latest antivirus updates and latest operative system hotfixes. Clients who don’t meet the criteria can be placed in quarantine VLAN where they only have access to the update servers. There are also functions that handle VLAN assignment for users.
The assignment where to produce a solution for an implementation of NAC in the company’s computer network. The questions that where asked are the following, if and how could NAC be implemented in the company’s computer network.
An analysis where made of the company’s computer network, to see if the computer network meet the requirements for implementing NAC. The result of this analysis showed that there where a loss of functions needed for a working NAC solution. The computer network where rebuild from scratch to meet the new demands for NAC. After completion of the new computer network the NAC solution were taking shape. This was made in consultation with the company to get a clear picture of the needs. The result of the discussion lead to a so called “Out-of-band virtual gateway” solution. The solution builds on that the client is placed in an authentication VLAN when connecting to the computer network, after that an authentication process begins. During this process the client is checked to verify that the criteria’s are fulfilled, if so the client is moved to his access VLAN.
These solutions increase the internal security in the computer network and reduce the risks for virus spreading within the network.
Fraulob, Savana Macedo. "Controle Gerencial em Empresas Internacionalizadas: Caso Petrobras Uruguay Distribución". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6155.
Texto completoKnown as one of the biggest companies of Brazil, controlled for the government, Petrobras presents an internationalization processs divided in two stages: (i) searchs of better contractual conditions for supplying domestic market; and (ii) world-wide spotting, financial security and internationalization of the mark. Both perspectives of international performance had promoted the advantage competitiveness, even tough under distinct behaviours. The objective of this study is to measure the impact of the internationalizations process on the management control system of the leading: Petrobras Uruguay Distribución, subsidiary in the downstream segment and created in 2006 by a process of sould reorganization in face of the acquisition of Shells assets. To answer to this purpose, was analyzed the possible changes of the management control system and the existing relationships, in terms of closeness and distance of this literature and the study. Therefore, the chapter of literatures revision represents theoretical basement which is responsible for the approaching the characteristics of the controls systems, identification of the contexts that influence of this design and prominence for the types of internationalization, on the behaviours and motivational aspects, besides approaching the theories of corporate life cycle. The method applied in the test of the review of literature was the exploratory cases study approaching an unique case, by the application of a standard questionnaire. The research variables a related to the relationship of the literature and the questions of research, witch were classified, according its nature, in contingents and identifiers. The results obtained made possible to evaluate the level of the impact of internationalization process and the capacity of adaptation of organization to the new contexts, proving that the use of new strategies, international or new businesses, influence the design of the management control systems that it will reflect, in the ratio of the managers interest, a control process more adjusted to the organization.
Rousselet, Georges Roger. "Análise da evolução do sistema de automação no processo de produção de etanol = estudo de caso". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266870.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Nos anos da década de 80 ocorreu uma considerável expansão nos incentivos à produção de biocombustíveis, em especial o etanol, com o advento do Pró-Álcool. Esta expansão trouxe consigo a necessidade de se realizar diversos estudos relacionados à melhoria dos processos de produção. Para as usinas com destilarias anexas foi um benefício apreciável, já que se fabricava açúcar de alta qualidade, mandando-se para a destilaria além do melaço e de caldo misto das moendas, produtos intermediários da fabricação do açúcar como mel rico, mel pobre e caldo do filtro; sobrecarregava a fermentação, mas automação desembaraçava todo o sistema de produção do álcool. Entretanto, nas destilarias autônomas instaladas em regiões sem tradição canavieira, não havendo continuidade na disponibilidade de matéria prima, a automação era prejudicada. Na indústria sucroalcooleira, a teoria e a aplicação de controle têm uma interrelação profunda com sistemas de informação e processos de fabricação. Todavia, chegou-se a um estágio em que o desenvolvimento de metodologia e análise matemática, com precisão, deste processo tornou-se tarefa árdua ou até impossível. Estas características ratificam a importância de um adequado dimensionamento e seleção de equipamentos e sistemas para condições de operação pré-definidas. Tendo em vista a importância da automação (instrumentação e controle) nestes sistemas, foram realizadas, neste trabalho, uma análise da evolução do sistema de automação no ramo sucroalcooleiro e a proposta de um sistema de automação que atenda às necessidades de manutenção das variáveis de processo visando uma maior eficiência na coleta de dados e análise das condições de operação. Com os resultados pretende-se abrir um canal de discussão amplo sobre a aplicação desta importante tecnologia
Abstract: With the advent of the Pro-alcohol Program (Pró-Álcool) in the 1980s, considerable expansion of biofuel production incentives occurred, particularly those related to ethanol. This expansion led to a demand for various studies focused on improvement in production processes. It was highly beneficial for plants joined to the distilleries, since high-quality sugar was produced and intermediate products of the sugar manufacturing process such as rich molasses, poor molasses and filtered cane juice, in addition to molasses and mixed cane juice from the mills were delivered to the distillery. Furthermore, fermentation was saturated and ethanol production was maximized by automation. However, automation was damaged in the autonomous distilleries constructed in areas that were not traditional for sugarcane processing and when raw material is not continuously available. In the sugar and ethanol industry, the theory and application of control have a profound interrelation with information systems and manufacturing processes. Nevertheless, a stage was reached when the development of accurate methodology and mathematical analysis of this process became an arduous or even impossible task. These characteristics corroborate the importance of an adequate dimensioning and selection of equipment and systems for predetermined operating conditions. Owing to the importance of automation (instrumentation and control) of these systems, analysis of progress in the automation system in the sugar and ethanol field was performed in this study. Furthermore, an automation system that is capable of meeting requirements for maintenance of processing variables was also proposed to achieve a greater efficiency in data collection and analysis of operating conditions. With the results of the present study, a broad channel of discussion about the application of this important technology may be established
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Azevedo, Maria Helena Petrucci Rangel de. "Controle e resistência em uma penitenciária feminina: o caso do Talavera Bruce". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2214.
Texto completoThe thesis aims to analyze different "control" instruments that prison authorities are utilizing and other resistance mechanisms of the imprisoned women, in an extremely asymmetric power environment. The theme of this research is defined as Criminal Talavera Bruce Institute TBI, and the choice is justified by the relatively small number of actual research on women's prisons as well as for the fact of the TBI being the Model Prison of Rio de Janeiro. The central hypothesis of the thesis is that the instruments of resistances of the women there imprisoned are the same used by authorities to ensure the control in the Penitentiary. Authorities prioritize the coercion and punishment, within a close relationship with those resistance mechanisms that, in principle, intended to enlarge the qualities of life of these women in prison (perks, entertainment events, work, religion and visits, among others). In this research we have used a wide bibliography, being the hard nucleus of our analytical model a conjunction based on the contributions of Michel Foucault ("Power Networks "), Alessandro Pizzorno ("Interests", "Solidarity Systems and "Arenas of Equalities") and Jessé de Souza ("Primary Habitus and "Precarious Habitus ). In addition to the numerous interviews that were conducted with employees, authorities and detainees, as well as non-restrained conversations with other officers for more than six months, it was also sought to achieve a considerable bibliographical and documentary research on the topic. Imprisoned women use various strategies of resistance, seeking to mitigate the various processes of control authorities are implementing. The most extended of these strategies seek to match those activities developed internally, as closest as possible with those existing in the "free society", whether they are labor, or affective, or market relations, religion, entertainment events, visits, communication, food, among others
A tese tem por objetivo analisar diferentes instrumentos de controle das autoridades e os mecanismos de resistência das presas em um ambiente extremamente assimétrico de poder, definindo como objeto de pesquisa o Instituto Penal Talavera Bruce (TB), cuja escolha se justifica em função do número relativamente pequeno de pesquisas em penitenciárias femininas e por ser o TB um presídio modelo do Rio de Janeiro. A hipótese central da tese é de que os instrumentos de resistência das presas são os mesmos utilizados, pelas autoridades, para garantir o controle na penitenciária, como os que priorizam a coerção e os castigos, como aqueles, em princípio, voltados para ampliar a qualidades de vida das presas (regalias, eventos lúdicos, trabalho, religião e visitas, entre outros). Na tese, utilizamos vasta bibliografia, mas o núcleo duro do nosso modelo analítico baseia-se na conjunção de contribuições de Michel Foucault ( redes de poder ), Alessandro Pizzorno ( Sistemas de Interesses , Sistemas de Solidariedades e Arenas de Igualdades ) e Jessé de Souza ( habitus primário e habitus precários ). Além das entrevistas, que foram realizadas com funcionários, autoridades e presas, e das conversas livres com pessoas desses segmentos, por mais de seis meses, buscou-se, também, realizar um consideráveis levantamentos bibliográfico e documental sobre o tema. As presas utilizam diversas estratégias de resistência, buscando mitigar os diferentes processos de controle das autoridades, sendo que a mais abrangente delas é a de buscar tornar as atividades desenvolvidas internamente mais próximas possíveis daquelas existentes na sociedade livre , seja no trabalho, nas relações afetivas, mercado, religião, eventos lúdicos, visitas, comunicação, comida, entre outras
Ferreira, Silvana Margarida Benevides [UNIFESP]. "Determinantes de casos de recidiva em hanseníase no Estado de Mato Grosso". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9327.
Texto completoIntrodução: O Estado de Mato Grosso situa-se como região hiperendêmica em hanseníase. O surgimento de casos de recidiva e, consequentemente, as possíveis resistências medicamentosas aos quimioterápicos específicos são vistos como uma das causas para ineficácia do tratamento. Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de casos de recidiva diagnosticados em unidades especializadas do Estado de Mato Grosso quanto às características individuais, clínico-laboratoriais, epidemiológicas, terapêuticas e de organização de serviços. Método: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico desenvolvido em duas etapas, que incluem: análise de 323 registros de casos de recidiva em hanseníase no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN/MT) diagnosticada em unidades básicas de saúde (UBs) e em unidades especializadas (UE), quanto aos aspectos clínico-laboratoriais e distribuição geográfica nos municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2004-2006 e de um estudo caso-controle para identificar os fatores associados para a ocorrência de recidiva em hanseníase dos diagnósticos em UE nos municípios de Cáceres, Cuiabá, Diamantino, Rondonópolis e Várzea Grande do Estado, assim como, comparar as proporções das características clínico-laboratoriais durante o tratamento inicial e tratamento de recidiva. As variáveis foram classificadas quanto às características relacionadas ao indivíduo, à doença e ao serviço de saúde. Resultados: Dos casos registrados de hanseníase, no período de estudo, 20% foram registrados nas UE e 80% em UBs; dos casos de recidiva multibacilares, 37% foram diagnosticados com resultado de baciloscopia negativa [χ2 = 12,34 (ρ = 0,002]; 14% dos municípios apresentaram mais de cinco casos de recidiva com percentual entre 6 e 20% de todas as entradas. Verificou-se que os fatores associados à ocorrência de recidiva em hanseníase estão relacionados às condições de moradia: indivíduos com residência alugada (OR ajust = 4,1; IC 95%:1,43-12,04; p = 0,009), residentes em moradia de madeira/taipa (OR ajust = 3,2; IC 95%: 1,16-8,76; p = 0,025) e indivíduos residentes com cinco ou mais pessoas no domicílio (OR ajust = 2,1; IC 95%: 1,03-4,36; p = 0,043); transtorno de uso de álcool (OR ajust = 2,8; IC 95%: 1,17-6,79; p = 0,021); uso de tratamento irregular (ORajust = 3,8; IC 95%: 1,44-10,02; p = 0,007); não orientação sobre doença/tratamento (OR ajust = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,09-6,13; p = 0,032), dificuldade de acesso à unidade de saúde, ocasionada pelo uso de transporte coletivo (OR ajust = 5,5; IC 95%: 2,36-12,63; p = < 0,000), forma clínica (ORajust = 7,1; IC 95%: 2,48-20,52; p = < 0,000) e esquema terapêutico utilizado para o tratamento (ORajust = 3,7; IC 95%: 1,49-9,11; p = 0,005). Conclusão: As entradas de registros de recidiva em Mato Grosso no período de estudo são influenciadas pelo diagnóstico realizado em UBs. Os fatores associados à ocorrência de recidiva ultrapassam as questões relacionadas aos aspectos clínicos representados pela doença. Decorre, também, dos hábitos de vida, das condições socioeconômicas e dos aspectos ligados à organização de serviços de saúde.
Introduction: The State of Mato Grosso is classified as a hyperendemic region in leprosy. The emergence of cases of relapse and, consequently, potential resistance to specific chemotherapeutic medication is seen as one of the causes of ineffective treatment. Objective: To analyze the occurrence of relapse cases diagnosed in specialized units in the State of Mato Grosso in light of individual, clinicallaboratorial, epidemiological, and therapeutic characteristics, as well as aspects of the organization of the respective health services. Method: An epidemiological study developed in two stages, which included
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações