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Bechi, G. "EPILESSIA E CANALI VOLTAGGIO DIPENDENTI DEL SODIO: MECCANISMI PATOGENETICI". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150168.
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The SCN1A gene, coding for the isoform Nav1.1 of voltage gated sodium channels, is the main target of epileptogenic mutations. Mutations in this gene have been identified in about 80% of patients affected by Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (SMEI), in about 10% of patients suffering from Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+). Nav1.1 mutations that cause GEFS+ are missense mutations, whereas those that give rise to the much more severe disorder SMEI can either be missense ones or result in truncated channels that are predicted to be non-functional. Several evidences point to loss of function as the main effect of Nav1.1 mutations. It is puzzling that loss of function mutations in Nav1.1 lead to epilepsy, a disorder characterized by brain hyperexcitability; however, data from Nav1.1 knock out and knock in mice indicate that Nav1.1 is the predominant isoform in at least some types of inhibitory interneurons.
Previous data on mutant of Cav1.2, Nav1.2 and Nav1.5 suggest that truncated proteins can exert dominant-negative effects, contributing to more severe phenotypes. Therefore we hypothesized that also SMEI truncation mutants could have dominant-negative effects, explaining the more severe phenotype in comparison with GEFS+. In the first project we have studied the effects of the SMEI mutations R222X and R1234X on hNav1.1, hNav1.2 and hNav1.6. Patch-clamp analysis of coexpressed mutants and wild type channels in tsA201 cells showed that both truncated mutant proteins had no effect on the expression of wild type channels; however, the truncated proteins modified the gating properties of Nav1.1 and Nav1.6, worsening their loss of function.
It is known that some Nav1.1 missense mutation cause loss of function because of folding defects. We have previously demonstrated that two mutations located in the C-terminus cause loss of function inducing folding defects, thus retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and probably degradation (Rusconi et al., 2007 and 2009). Moreover, we have shown that the folding of the mutant channel can be stabilized by the co-expression of interacting proteins or incubation with pharmacological chaperones, leading to a partial restoration of the expression on the plasma membrane and therefore to a partial recovery of its activity. It is possible to speculate that differences in the expression levels or the presence of polymorphisms in the accessory proteins could influence the interaction with the misfolded channel, inducing a differential degree of rescue which possibly determines the severity of the pathology and therefore the phenotypic variability. In the second project, to understand if misfolding could be considered a common pathogenic mechanism for this type of epilepsy, we screened and functionally tested other epileptogenic Nav1.1 mutants, found in families with high phenotypic variability. We performed the functional characterization with whole cell voltage clamp recordings of tsA-201 cells transfected with the mutant channel. To date, we have found three potential new folding defective mutants. We obtained partial or almost complete rescue of these mutants by incubation at lower temperature and by incubation with pharmacological chaperones or with interacting proteins. The identified mutations are localized in different domains of the channel. Thus, mutations causing folding defects are not restricted to the C-terminal intracellular domain and may be common in Nav1.1 related epilepsies.
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Orlandi, Luigi. "Sindrome di Brugada: caratterizzazione mediante voltage-clamp delle mutazioni dei canali del sodio". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25174/.
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La Sindrome di Brugada è una patologia cardiaca descritta nel 1992 dai fratelli Brugada che si associa a un rischio aumentato di morte improvvisa in assenza di una cardiopatia strutturale. L'incidenza di eventi letali è più elevata nei maschi nella terza e quarta decade di vita. È una patologia genetica che colpisce alcuni canali ionici, strutture poste sulla superficie delle cellule del cuore, causandone un malfunzionamento e creando così degli squilibri nell’attività elettrica aumentando il rischio di insorgenza di aritmie ventricolari potenzialmente fatali. Tipicamente gli uomini manifestano la malattia più frequentemente delle donne; essa ha una prevalenza stimata di 5 su 10.000 e una trasmissione autosomica dominante; pertanto, la probabilità di trasmettere la patologia è del 50% a ogni gravidanza. Data l’origine genetica della sindrome, indagare la storia familiare è molto importante. I pazienti con sindrome di Brugada possono avere storia familiare positiva per morte improvvisa in età giovanile (cioè un’età inferiore ai 50 anni) per cause non note, familiari a cui è stata posta diagnosi di epilessia (non per una associazione tra le due malattie, ma per la possibile confusione tra episodi epilettici e sincopi aritmiche) oppure storia di aborti tardivi in famiglia.
Nel lavoro tratterò delle caratterizzazioni in vitro dell’elettrofisiologia di correnti ioniche differenti, a seconda del tipo di mutazione riscontrata; parlerò di misurazioni effettuate con il Voltage-Clamp, tecnica utilizzata per misurare le correnti di ioni attraverso la membrana di cellule eccitabili, mantenendo la differenza di potenziale tra l’interno e l’esterno della membrana ad un potenziale di Holding (potenziale di partenza definito). Queste misurazioni vengono effettuate su cellule in cui si fa esprimere il gene che esprime il fenotipo normale, chiamate cellule wild-type (o eterologhe), e su cellule in cui viene espresso il gene con la mutazione nota.
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Godoy, Carlos Marcelo Gurjão. "Estudo da modulação do canal de sodio pela ativação da proteina quinase". [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260431.
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Orientadores: Jose Wilson Magalhães Bassani e Samuel CukiermanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Os canais de sódio são responsáveis pela geração da atividade elétrica celular associada a funções específicas, tais como a contração das células cardíacas que promove o batimento cardíaco, ou transmissão de sinais de controle para todo o corpo pelas fibras nervosas. Os canais de sódio podem ser modulados por inúmeros mecanismos celulares, inclusive pela fosforilação (ligação de íon fosfato), por proteína quinases, da proteína que o constitui. A proteína quinase C, ativada pelo aumento intracelular de diacilglicerol em resposta à estimulação alfa-adrenérgica ou colinérgica muscarínica, pode fosforilar o canal de sódio. Neste trabalho, estudamos os efeitos de três diferentes classes de ativadores da proteína quinase C (diacilglicer6is, ácidos graxos insaturados-cis e ésteres de forbol) sobre a função do canal de sódio e propomos um mecanismobiofísico pelo qual uma das classes de ativadores (os diacilgliceróis) modula o canal de sódio. Utilizamos duas técnicas de "patch clamp" para registro de corrente de sódio em células de neuroblastoma de camundongo (NIE-115): i) "perforatedpatch clamp" para registro de correntesmacroscópicasde sódio e, ii) "cellattached patch clamp" para registro de corrente em canais de sódio.individuais ("single channel recording"). Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os ativadores da proteína quinase C tem múltiplos efeitos sobre as correntes de sódio. Isto sugeriu a existencia de mais de um mecanismo de modulação do canal de sódio pela ativação da proteína quinase C. A ativação da proteína quinase C por diacilglicerol diminuiu as correntes de sódio e desviou a curva de inativação para potenciais mais negativos. A partir de um modelo biofísico baseado nas transições de estado do canal, e de resultados experimentais que confirmaram as previsõesdo modelo,propusemosque o mecanismo pelo qual os diacilgliceróis modulam o canal de sódio consiste do aumento no número de canais que inativam-se diretamente a partir de seu estado de repouso. Este efeito dos diacilgliceróis é um mecanismo biofísico simples e eficiente pelo qual a ativação da proteína quinase C pode modular a função do canal de sódio e, conseqüentemente,a excitabilidade elétrica celular
Abstract: Sodium channels are responsible for the generation of cellular electrical activity involved in specific functions, such as cardiac cell contraction for heart beating, or electrical signal transmission performed by nerve cells for the whole body control. Sodium channels are modulated by many cell mechanisms, incIuding phosphorylation(phosphate ion bonding) of the channelprotein by protein kinases. Protein kinaseC, which is activated when intracellulardiacylglicerolconcentrationis increasedby alpha -adrenergic or cholinergic stimulation,is known to be a sodium channel phosforylator. In this work, we have studied the effects of three different protein kinase C activators (diacylglicerols, cis-unsaturated fatty acids and forbol esters) on sodium channel and suggested a biophysical mechanism for modulation by one kind of the protein kinase C activator (the diacylglicerols). We have used two patch clamp techniques for the sodium current recording in mouse neuroblastoma cells (NIE- 115): i) perforated patch clamp for macroscopic sodium currents recording and li) cellattached patch clamp for single channel recording. The results showed that protein kinase C activators have multiple effects on sodium currents. These results suggested that protein kinase C activation modulates the sodium channel by more. than one mechanism. Protein quinase C activation by diacylglicerol decreased the sodium current amplitude and shifted the inactivation curve to more negative voltages. Considering a biophysical model based on state transitions of the sodium channel and the experimental results that confmned the model predictions, we proposed that the mechanism by which the diacylglicerols modulate sodium channel is an increase on the number of sodium channels direct1y inactivating from their resting state. This diacylglicerol effect represents a simple and efficient biophysical mechanism by which protein kinase C activation might modulate sodium channel function and consequent1y, the cell electrical activity
Doutorado
Engenharia Biomedica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes. "Anestesicos locais : interação com membranas e fragmento do canal de sodio voltagem dependente". [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314704.
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Orientadores: Thelma de Aguiar Pertinhez, Eneida de PaulaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
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Díaz, Ubilla Macarena Francisca. "Tráfico de los canales de sodio activados por voltaje hacia la membrana axonal en un modelo de daño de nervio ciático". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170127.
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Memoria para optar al título de BioquímicoLas neuronas son células que permiten la conducción nerviosa mediante potenciales de acción. Para lograr esto, evolucionaron y desarrollaron una proyección altamente especializada llamada axón, en la cual se concentran canales iónicos de membrana que permiten el flujo de iones. Los canales de sodio activados por voltaje (Nav) son los canales iónicos que permiten la generación y propagación de los potenciales de acción. En el caso de los axones mielinizados, estos se concentran en el segmento inicial del axón y en los nodos de Ranvier, constricciones simétricas de la vaina de mielina donde se regenera el potencial de acción. Su abundancia y distribución a lo largo del axón no son fijas, sino que varían durante procesos como desarrollo y regeneración axonal. Se sabe que los axones son capaces de sintetizar proteínas localmente. A la fecha se ha reportado que la síntesis axonal de proteínas se ve aumentada en respuesta a daño axonal. Sin embargo, se desconoce si proteínas de membrana también son sintetizadas y traficadas localmente. En este contexto se ha reportado un aumento de Nav luego de daño axonal. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer si la síntesis axonal de proteínas y la ruta secretoria local contribuyen a reestablecer los niveles de Nav en nodos de Ranvier luego de daño axonal. Para evaluar esto, se utilizó un modelo de daño axonal generado a partir de la transección de nervio ciático de rata. Se inhibió la síntesis y ruta secretoria axonal mediante la aplicación in vivo de cicloheximida (CHX) y brefeldina A (BFA) respectivamente. Ambos fármacos fueron inyectados independientemente en el nervio transectado. Se evaluó su efecto sobre la abundancia y distribución de Nav mediante inmunofluorescencia y western blot. En primer lugar, se corroboró que el daño axonal produce un aumento de los Nav en los nodos de Ranvier. Esta sobreexpresión de los canales de sodio activados por voltaje producto de daño axonal es bloqueada al inhibir la síntesis y ruta secretoria axonal con herramientas farmacológicas. Estos datos sugieren la existencia de una ruta biosintética y de tráfico axonal capaz de mediar el rápido aumento de Nav en procesos de regeneración axonal
Neurons are highly polarized cells that evolved to transmit nerve impulses. To achieve this function, they developed a process called the axon that concentrates ion channels. Voltage gated sodium channels (Nav) are responsible for generating and propagating action potentials. In myelinated axons, these proteins are concentrated at the axon initial segment (AIS) and at the nodes of Ranvier. Nodes are symmetric constrictions of the myelin sheath where action potentials are regenerated. The availability and distribution of Nav are plastic, meaning they change during developmental stages or regeneration. It is currently known that axonal protein synthesis in enhanced in response to axonal injury. However, it is still unknown whether local protein synthesis controls the abundance of membrane proteins in the axon and if Nav are subject to this regulation. The aim of this work is to study if Nav upregulation after axonal injury is related with axonal protein synthesis and the axonal secretory route. To evaluate this, we used an axonal injury model generated from the transection of the rat sciatic nerve. Local synthesis and the function of the axonal secretory route were inhibited in vivo using cycloheximide (CHX) or brefeldin A (BFA) respectively. Both drugs were injected in the nerve right after transection. The effect on Nav was evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot. First, we corroborated that axonal injury enhances Nav at nodes of Ranvier. This upregulation disappears when axonal protein synthesis or the local secretory route were inhibited. Our data suggest the existence of an axonal synthetic and trafficking route capable of mediating the fast Nav upregulation during axonal regeneration
ICM, número de proyecto P09-015-F; Fondecyt, 1140617
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Martinez, Moreno Rebecca. "Effect of sodium channel SNVs associated to arrhythmogenic diseases. Modulatory role of the genetic background". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672837.
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Ion channel mutations can cause defects on the electrical cellular activity, leading to arrhythmogenic diseases also known as channelopathies. Genetic analysis has been a useful tool to identify these mutations as the cause of different arrhythmogenic diseases. However, not all the members of the same family carrying a mutation present the same phenotype. This is known as incomplete penetrance. The results from this Thesis support that the incomplete penetrance of arrhythmogeic diseases is regulated by specific variants from each patient. Thus, a variant pathogenicity should be evaluated taking into account the presence of other genetic changes that could modulate its effectMutacions als canals iònics poden causar defectes en l’activitat elèctrica cel·lular, donant lloc a malalties aritmogèniques, també conegudes com canalopaties. Les anàlisis genètiques han sigut una eina útil per a identificar aquestes mutacions com la causa de diferents malalties aritmogèniques. Malgrat això, no tots els membres d’una família que tenen una mutació presenten la mateixa simptomatologia. Això es coneix com a penetrància incompleta. Els resultats d’aquesta Tesi recolzen que la penetrància incompleta de malalties aritmogèniques està regulada per variants específiques de cada pacient. Així doncs, la patogenicitat d’una variant hauria de ser avaluada tenint en compte la presència d’altres canvis genètics que puguin modular el seu efecte
Programa de Doctorat en Biologia Molecular, Biomedicina i Salut
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Cortada, Almar Èric. "Trafficking and function of the voltage-gated sodium channel β2 subunit". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671239.
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The sodium channel β2 subunit is a component of the voltage-gated sodium
channel (NaV), a large multimeric protein complex. In the heart, NaV is
mainly composed of a pore-forming α subunit, NaV1.5, and two associated β
subunits. Deficient NaV plasma membrane localization underlies a subset of
channelopathies with high incidence in sudden death. The precise role of β2
in the NaV complex is still a mystery. However, there have been described mutations in β2 linked to Brugada Syndrome (BrS) and Atrial Fibrillation,
both deadly cardiac arrhythmias. We explore the polarized trafficking of β2
and describe its function in promoting the localization of NaV1.5 to the
apical domain of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Overall, our findings
support the idea that β2 promotes the functional localization of NaV1.5 to
specific subdomains of the plasma membrane, thereby ensuring enough sodium
channel density and decreasing arrhythmogenic potentialLa subunitat β2 és un component del canal de sodi dependent de voltatge (NaV), un complex proteic multimèric. Al cor està compost principalment per una subunitat α, formadora del porus, i dues subunitats β associades. Les fallides en la correcte localització de NaV són la base d’un conjunt de canalopaties amb alta incidència de mort sobtada. Es desconeix el paper que juga β2 al cor. Tot i això, s’han descrit mutacions en β2 associades a fibril·lació atrial i síndrome de Brugada. Explorem el tràfic polaritzat de β2 i descrivim la seva funció en promoure la localització de NaV1.5 al domini apical de cèl·lules Madin-Darby canine kidney. Els nostres resultat donen suport a la idea que β2 promou la localització funcional de NaV1.5 a subdominis específics de la membrana plasmàtica. D’aquesta manera, β2 assegura una densitat de canals de sodi suficient i disminueix el potencial arritmogènic
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Brugada, Ramon. "Genètica i caos elèctric. El canal de sodi en la síndrome de Brugada". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4510.
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In this work we have investigated the Brugada syndrome caused by mutations in the sodium channel. We have performed clinical and genetic investigations to identify the genetic carriers. We have also investigated how the genetic background and the external modifiers modulate the disease phenotype. We have been able to prove that in Brugada syndrome the genetic testing is very valuable for two main reasons: first, because in a family with an identified mutation we are able to identify the non-carriers, and therefore those that are free of the disease. Secondly genetic testing allows the adoption of preventive measures in asymptomatic carriers, like the rapid treatment of fever or the avoidance of drugs that may block the sodium channel. Only for those two reasons it is justifiable the genetic analysis. Finally we have shown that neither the type of mutation, nor its localization in the protein allows us to estimate the risk of sudden death. In the asymptomatic individual with a normal ECG, the presence of a mutation is only indicative of a risk of developing the disease, but it is not a given that he will suffer from it. Despite the increase in genetic testing, at present its practice does not seem justified if only to define the therapeutic aggressiveness. The asymptomatic individuals who develop symptoms at follow-up present always clear clinical alterations, like a prolongation of the QT interval or elevation of the ST segment. These ecg parameters already define the need to perform additional tests or the adoption of preventive measures. In conclusion, being only a genetic carrier does not justify a more aggressive treatment at present. The treatment has to be determined by the result of the clinical tests.
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Johnson, Marc. "Les stratégies de l'acadianité : analyse socio-historique du rôle de la presse dans la formation de l'identité acadienne". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2A001.
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Ancienne colonie française aujourd'hui intégrée dans les provinces maritimes du Canada, l'Acadie peut être aujourd'hui considérée comme une société locale. Minoritaire, composée par le groupe ethnique acadien ayant le français comme langue d'usage. Inscrite dans un rapport de domination, de dépendance et d'aliénation interethnique, l'Acadie investit intensément son champ identitaire pour fonder son existence collective. La définition de l'acadianité, à partir d'un substrat socio-culturel accumulé depuis près de quatre siècles, et sa diffusion publique, constituent ainsi des enjeux importants. Elles font même l'objet de stratégies de la part des différents groupes sociaux qui cherchent à gagner ou maintenir une position d'influence au sein de cette société. Un appareil ethnique s'est mis en place depuis plus d'un siècle pour assurer ce travail de l'identité, par l'élaboration d'idéologies identitaires qui façonnent la mémoire collective et donnent un sens au quotidien. Les journaux acadiens sont parmi les plus performants des institutions qui composent cet appareil. L'analyse de leur arrière-plan institutionnel et de leur production de l'information acadienne révèle les stratégies identitaires dont ils ont été les instruments au cours du dernier siècle. Cette lecture socio-historique fait aussi la lumière sur le processus récent (depuis les années soixante) de transition de la traditionalité à la modernité acadienne, marquée par la présence accrue d'une régulation étatique de l'acadianitéAcadia, a former French colony now part of the maritime provinces of Canada, may be considered as a local society, a minority, comprising the Acadian ethnic group which is french-speaking. In order to establish its collective existence, given a context of interethnic domination, dependence and alienation, Acadia puts considerable effort in shaping its identity, consequently, high stakes are attached to defining acadianite (acadian-ness) on the basis of a sociocultural substratum, built up power almost four centuries, and disseminating this knowlegde to the public. This even becomes the object of strategies used by different social groups seeking to gain or maintain an influential position within that society. Over more than a century, an ethnic apparatus has evolved, which, by developing identity ideologies which shape the collective memory and give meaning for everyday life, ensures this process of identity creation. Acadian newspapers are amongst the most effective institutions within this apparatus. Analysis of their institutional background and of their production of Acadian information shows in which identity strategies they have been instrumental over the past century. This historical overview also sheds light on the recent transition (since the sixties) from traditionality to modernity in Acadia, characterized by increased state regulation of acadianite
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Gagnon, Jean-Pierre. "Le 22e bataillon (canadien-français), 1914-1919 : une étude socio-militaire". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29130.
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García-Molina, Sáez Esperanza. "Estudio del gen del canal de sodio (SCN5A) en una población de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Brugada". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77756.
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El Síndrome de Brugada (SB) se caracteriza por una elevación del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales derechas del ECG. Tiene una base genética estando ligado a mutaciones en el canal de Na+ del corazón (SCN5A) y otros genes recientemente relacionados.
El estudio de secuenciación directa del gen SCN5A en nuestra población llevó a la identificación de mutaciones causales o probablemente causales en un 10% de los casos, inferior al publicado en la literatura. En los casos índice en los que no se detectó una variante en su secuencia se realizó el estudio de grandes reordenamientos génicos sin identificarse ninguno mediante la técnica de Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification.
Los pacientes de nuestra cohorte portadores de mutación presentan con mayor frecuencia ECG tipo I espontáneo y más casos de muerte súbita familiar que los pacientes de SB con genotipo negativo. El estudio genético de las familias de los portadores de mutación ha permitido identificar a un grupo significativo de portadores sin expresión fenotípica.
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Rosen, Desa. "Socio-economic rights as constitutional human rights : Canada, India and South Africa". Thesis, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429140.
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Riuró, Helena. "El paper de les subunitats beta en la regulació del canal de sodi cardíac associat a la mort sobtada". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285269.
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Les Síndromes de QT Llarg (SQTL) i de Brugada (SBr) són malalties hereditàries amb un alt risc de mort sobtada cardíaca degut a alteracions elèctriques cardíaques sense cap defecte estructural del cor. Estan relacionades amb mutacions a gens que codifiquen pels canals iònics cardíacs o proteïnes reguladores. No obstant això, resten sense diagnòstic genètic un percentatge elevat de pacients amb SQTL (20-35%) i SBr (60-75%) després de la sequenciació dels gens relacionats. En aquesta tesi es planteja si mutacions a les subunitats β del canal de sodi no associades prèviament a SQTL i SBr poden ser responsables d’aquestes malalties en els pacients sense mutació. Els resultats obtinguts relacionen per primera vegada mutacions als gens SCN1Bb i SCN2B a la SQTL i SBr, respectivament; i aporten noves evidències de les bases genètiques d’aquestes malalties i del paper fonamental de les subunitats β en la funció del canal de sodi cardíac.Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) and Brugada Syndrome (BrS) are inheritable cardiac diseases with a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to electric alterations without structural defects of the heart. These alterations are determined by mutations in cardiac ion channels or regulatory proteins. However, near 20-35% of LQTS patients and 60-75% of BrS patients remain without a genetic diagnosis after the screening of LQTS and BrS-previously related genes. Our assumption was that mutations in the sodium channel β subunits, still not related to the respective disease, could explain the phenotype in patients without a mutation after genetic screening. We identify for the first time mutations in two β subunits genes (SCN1Bb and SCN2B) responsible for LQTS and BrS, respectively; and our studies provide new evidences of the genetic basis of LQTS and BrS, and support the growing evidence of the important role of β subunits on cardiac sodium channel function.
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Wang, Haiyan. "Critical factors which hindering or facilitating P.R.C. students psycho-socio adjustment to studying and living in Canada". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29885.
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This was an exploratory study which used Flanagan's Critical Incident Technique to find out the factors which hinder or facilitate the psycho-socio adjustment of students from The People's Republic of China to Canada. The 21 subjects for the sample were drawn at random from a name list provided by the Chinese Visiting Scholars and Students Association at University of British Columbia. All of the subjects were graduate students or visiting scholars and had been in Canada for 9-12 months at the time of the interviews.
All subjects were able to identify incidents which hindered or facilitated their first year psycho-socio adjustment to Canada. The total of 385 incidents, 175 facilitating and 210 hindering incidents, were reported. The average number of incidents reported per student was 19.2. Ten major categories which facilitate or hinder PRC students' psycho-socio adjustment to Canada have been found through this research.
Considering the number of incidents reported by the participants, Academic Study & Research was ranked the first place among 10 categories. According to the rate of participation, Language Barriers & Improvement was listed
the highest among 10 categories. Considering the number of facilitating incidents reported by the participants, Initial Settlement was placed the highest. In the number of hindering incidents, category of Language Barriers & Improvement was listed the highest among the 10 categories.
The explanation of the research findings and suggestions for how the findings might contribute to the understanding PRC or other Oriental international students are included in the discussion.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Suriya, Senaka K. "Combatting hate?, a socio-legal discussion on the criminalization of hate in Canada". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ32382.pdf.
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Glenn, John Holsinger M. Paul. "On the same side the socio-political foundations for Ontario support for the American war with Spain and the seizure of the Philippines, 1898-1901, with a special emphasis on Brant, Oxford and Waterloo counties /". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9604372.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed April 24, 2006. Dissertation Committee: M. Paul Holsinger (chair), Lawrence W. McBride, Louis G. Perez, Edward L. Schapsmeier, Beverly A. Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 390-417) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Rowlandson, John. "A socio-cultural case study of the Canadian Government's telegraph service in western Canada, 1870-1904 /". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60683.
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In this thesis, the development of a Dominion government telegraph on a portion of the Canadian frontier is analyzed as a formative moment of socialization and cultural expression. It utilizes a socio-cultural framework for understanding the 'experience of space'; notably how changes in presence or access to one another--facilitated by this new mode of communication--are central to this experience.The thesis argues that the telegraph is crucially related to issues of public confidence. Its approach draws upon recent social and cultural treatments of communication technologies which stress the ways that the material reality of such technologies become part of a larger social and symbolic order. The thesis refers to indicators such as reliability, public works, public interest, competence, and trust to investigate a social apprehension of confidence. 'Confidence', in this case, is not treated as fixed and equally understood, but as something that is invested, shared, built-up and worn down. Thus concerns for and with 'public confidence' help to reveal changes in socio-cultural development.
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Mistry, Isha. "Collaborative Governance in the Rideau Canal: Barriers and Opportunities". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41590.
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The environmental management of watersheds presents a complex governance issue due to their large spatial scales that include overlapping jurisdictions, competing interests in resource use, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. The Rideau Canal, spanning 200 km between the cities of Ottawa and Kingston, is an interesting case study as it is a multi-watershed system over which municipal, provincial and federal governments have authority. However, these governments have been unsuccessful in addressing system-wide issues such as shoreline development, erosion and invasive species that have significantly impacted the ecological integrity of the canal. A shift toward polycentric governance, which are systems of multi-scale governance, in which well-informed publics can contribute to the Rideau Canal’s management is required. This thesis examines how co-governance can be conceptualized for the RC by (1) analyzing convergences in stakeholder perspectives about the environment and governance, and (2) comparing collaborative causal mapping exercises with various stakeholders to current government engagement efforts. A tiered co-governance framework that intentionally links existing small-scale activities to system-wide formal venues of knowledge sharing could democratize environmental governance on the Rideau Canal to improve its management. Beyond its practical contributions, this research also contributes to developing the academic literature on co-governance for multi-watershed waterways that have both constructed and natural aspects.
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Oliveira, Juliano Fernandes de. "Relaxamento de corpo cavernoso isolado de coelho induzido por agonistas de canais de sodio : papel do oxido nitrico". [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308943.
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Orientador : Edson AntunesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: o óxido nítrico (NO) é atualmente reconhecido como o mais importante neurotransmissor inibitório liberado de terminações nervosas não-adrenérgicas não-colinér gicas (NANC) responsável pelo relaxamento de corpo cavernoso. O NO relaxa os corpos cavernosos através da ativação da guanilato cic1ase solúvel, a qual causa um aumento nos níveis de GMP cíc1ico que leva como conseqüência ao relaxamento deste tecido. A excitabilidade elétrica das células musculares lisas que formam os corpos cavernosos do pênis é fundamental para o funcionamento deste órgão. Um grande número de toxinas biológicas exerce seus efeitos modificando as propriedades de canais de Na+ dependentes de voltagem, envolvidos na geração de potenciais de ação. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade de agonistas de canais de Na+ (aconitina, veratridina, toxina de anêmona, toxina gamma e brevetoxinas) em induzir relaxamento no corpo cavernoso isolado de coelho, bem como os mecanismos farmacológicos envolvidos neste processo. A adição de aconitina (30 11M),veratridina (30 11M)e de brevetoxina-3 (100 nM) ao banho causou relaxamento de desenvolvimento lento e gradual, os quais foram marcantemente reduzidos pelo L-NAME (100 11M)e restaurados pela L-arginina (1 mM). Os relaxamentos evocados por estes três agonistas também foram significativamente reduzidos pelo ODQ. OS bloqueadores de canais de Na+, tetrodotoxina (100 nM) e saxitoxina (100 nM), quando adicionados previamente ao banho, aboliram o relaxamento de corpo cavernoso induzido por estes agonistas. A adição de toxina gamma (1 11M)ao banho produziu relaxamento transitório seguido de retomo gradual à linha de base. A adição de L-NAME inibiu o relaxamento causado pela toxina gamma e a pré-incubação com L-arginina impediu este efeito inibitório. Além disso, o relaxamento evocado pela toxina gamma foi abolido na presença de ODQ, tetrodotoxina e saxitoxina. A adição do inibidor seletivo para fosfodiesterase tipo 5, sildenafil (100 nM), potencializou significativamente o relaxamento de corpo cavernoso de coelho induzido pela aconitina, veratridina, toxina gamma e brevetoxina-3. Nossos resultados demonstram que o relaxamento de corpo cavernoso evocado por estes agonistas são dependentes da liberação de NO de fibras nitrérgicas e da ativação da via NO-GMPc na musculatura lisa do tecido erétil
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is now recognized as the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter released by the nitrergic NANC fibers responsible for the corpus cavernosum relaxations and penile erection. NO relaxes the corpus cavernosum through the stimulation of the soluble guanylyl ciclase, causing an increase in the levels of cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cavernosal tissues. The electric excitability via voltage-dependent Na+ channels of the smooth muscle cells that form the corpus cavernosum is essential for the erectile function. A number of biological toxins exert their effects modifying the properties of voltage-gated Na+ channels. The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of Na+ channels agonists (aconitine, veratridine, anemone toxin, gamma toxin and brevetoxins) to induce relaxation of rabbit isolated corpus cavemosum (RbCC), and the pharmacological mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. The addition of aconitine (30 ~M), veratridine (30 ~M) and brevetoxin-3 (100 nM) to the organ-bath preparations caused slow-onset RbCC relaxations, which were markedly reduced by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 ~M) and reversed by L-arginine (1 mM). The RbCC relaxations evoked by these agents were also significantly reduced by the soluble guanylyl ciclase inhibitor ODQ (10 ~M). The Na+ channels blockers tetrodotoxin (100 nM) and saxitoxin (100 nM), when previously added to the bath, abolished the RbCC relaxations by these agonists. The addition of gamma toxin (1 ~M) produced transitory relaxations followed by a gradual retum to the base line. The addition of L-NAME inhibited the gamma toxin-induced RbCC relaxations caused and L-arginine prevented the inhibitory effect. Besides, these relaxations were abolished in the presence of ODQ, tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. The selective inhibitors for hosphodiesterase type 5, sildenafil (100 nM), significantly potentiated the RbCC relaxations by the aconitine, veratridine, gamma toxin and brevetoxin-3. Our results indicate that the RbCC relaxations evoked by 151 Na+ channel agonists are dependent of the release of NO from nitrergic nerve fibres and of the activation of the pathway NO-GMPc in the smooth musc1ecells of the erectile tissue
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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Maire, Aurélie. ""Dessiner, c'est parler". Pratiques figuratives, représentations symboliques et enjeux socio-culturels des arts graphiques inuit au Nunavut (Arctique canadien)". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0031/document.
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Cette recherche doctorale examine les pratiques figuratives, les représentations symboliques et les enjeux socio-culturels des arts graphiques inuit dans les communautés de Kinngait (Cape Dorset) et de Pangniqtuuq (Pangnirtung) au Nunavut (Arctique canadien). Les notions de dessin (titiqtugaq-) et de parole (uqaq-) se placent au centre de la démarche qui est guidée par une approche interdisciplinaire, dans la perspective d’une ethnohistoire de l’art du dessin inuit. Trois parties structurent la démonstration. La première explore les configurations de la pensée inuit associées aux concepts d’art graphique, de représentation visuelle et de créateur, à partir de leur expression linguistique (chapitre II). Puis, une ethnographie de la scène artistique locale présente le dessin et les activités socio-économiques qui lui sont associées autour de la question du statut de l’artiste (chapitres III et IV). La deuxième partie envisage la figuration en rapport à la parole, à partir de la cosmogénèse et des techniques graphiques anciennes (chapitre V). Elle s’intéresse ensuite aux interactions entre le dessin et la parole sur un plan symbolique : dans le dessin, les pensées et les mots sont mis en actes (chapitres VI et VII). La dernière partie de la thèse définit l’art comme un élément de la dynamique socio-culturelle et politique des Nunavummiut. Le recours au dessin dans le cadre de projets communautaires est étudié à partir d’exemples récents (chapitre VIII), avant d’être replacé au centre des dynamiques relationnelles et des échanges socio-cosmiques dans une dimension ontologique (chapitre IX)This doctoral research examines the themes of figurative practices, symbolic representations and the socio-cultural stakes specific to Inuit graphic arts in the communities of Kinngait (Cape Dorset) and Pangniqtuuq (Pangnirtung) in Nunavut (the Canadian Arctic). The notions of drawing (titiqtugaq-) and of speech (uqaq-) are central to the thesis, which is guided by an interdisciplinary approach within the perspective of ethno-history of Inuit sketch art. The thesis is organized into three parts. The first explores the configuration of Inuit thought associated with the concepts of graphic art, visual representation and creation, through their linguistic expression (Chapter II). In addition, ethnography of the local art scene looks at drawing and the socio-economic activities that are associated with it, in connection with the status of the artist (Chapters III and IV). The second part looks at figuration in relation to power words, from cosmogenesis and ancient graphic techniques (Chapter V). With this in hand, the second part then looks at the interactions between drawing and speaking from a symbolic perspective: through drawings, the thoughts and words are put into action (Chapters VI and VII). The last part of the dissertation continues the analysis by defining art as part of the socio-cultural and political dynamics of the Nunavummiut. Recourse to drawing, as a community project, is studied with reference to recent examples (Chapter VIII), prior to being placed, within an ontological dimension, at the centre of relational and socio-cosmic exchange dynamics (Chapter IX)
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Lando, Peter Louis. "The socio-history of the units of Kwakiutl property tenure". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28099.
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In this thesis I have set out to examine the historic change in the primary unit of Kwakiutl property tenure as it reflects the changing character of social relations between the members of this society. In order to follow this particular development the units of Kwakiutl social organization have been situated within the history of the period under scrutiny.
This study commences with the speculative reconstruction of Kwakiutl social organization just prior to direct European contact. The namima is presented here as a property holding descent group with an inalienable attachment to an exclusive estate composed of specific territories, supernatural powers, and prerogatives. As a unit of economic production and consumption the namima was able to derive all of its material sustenance from this estate. The relations between individuals and the degree of access to the fruits of the harvest were organized according to the hierarchical order within each of these descent groups.
The Kwakiutl became involved in the fur trade before the end of the 18th century as European entrepreneurs extended their trans-continental network. The wealth gleaned from this trade was integrated into the Kwakiutl economy to the enhancement of the existing social order. European settlement on the Northwest coast introduced the option of participation in the wage economy. This economy offered individual Kwakiutl men and women the experience of creating wealth outside of the traditional economic unit. Individuals began to seek status on the basis of their achievements. This change exemplified the new mode of relations. Individuals who had previously related as members of a descent group were now distinguished on the basis of their acquired wealth. While namima members of high birth maintained their title to traditional properties, these properties no longer, figured significantly in the native economy.
In the 1880's the Department of Indian Affairs imposed units of property tenure upon the Kwakiutl without regard for the traditional native units. The populations identified within each administrative units were forced to recognize the imposed structure in order to represent their interests.
In the years following 1830, then, the namima declined as the primary unit of Kwakiutl property tenure. The Kwakiutl redefined the units of social interaction as the character of social relations changed due to the introduction of new forms of wealth and land tenure. Today the namima is a specialized concept shared by a few Kwakiutl elders, anthropologists, and several Kwakiutl individuals involved in cultural revitalization. As the Kwakiutl acquire greater political and administrative independence in the near future it is certain that the namima will continue to be redefined.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Nagoshi, Mariko. "Socio-cultural conditions of Japan reflected by factors inducing recent Japanese immigration to Canada". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/365.
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This dissertation examines the socio-cultural conditions of Japanese society as reflected in factors that induce recent Japanese immigration to Canada. The examination is based on interview research done with six female and six male Japanese immigrants living in Vancouver, who arrived in Canada after the mid-1990s. While previous migration studies emphasized political-economic conditions as the causes of migration flow, the narratives of these interviewees reveal a different migratory pattern that is motivated by spiritual well-being and life values. In order to encapsulate the complexity of contemporary migration flow, the push/pull factors that induced interviewees' emigration are thematically categorized and analyzed within a frame that emphasizes both these factors' interdependence with the interrelationships of Japanese social systems that have swayed the interviewees' decision to emigrate from Japan, and the nature of complexity in Japanese society.
Showing the pluralism of these factors, they are categorized into nine themes: 1)physical environment; 2) spiritual enrichment and a stress-reduced life style; 3) socio-cultural constraints; 4) family life; 5) education; 6) age restrictions; 7) gender roles; 8)diversification, and 9) self-actualization. Luhmann's theory of social systems and Foucault's notion of governmentality serve as touchstones for the re-interpretation of the push/pull factors based on the examination of the interrelations among three Japanese social systems of family, education, and employment. The analysis reveals the complexity of the push/pull factors. Moreover, the interviewees' image of a "simple Canada," which also contributes to their decision to immigrate, is explained in terms of the "double complexity" of Japanese society stemming from both the complexity of modern society and the complexity of an amalgam of "modern" and "pre-modern" elements in Japanese society. Through an extensive examination of the correlations between the experiences of contemporary Japanese migrants and Japanese social systems, this study brings new insights to discussions on tensions between human agency and social structure, and the importance of intangible, mental images in the ways people shape their lives.
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Paradis, Annick. "Analyse de la relation entre le navettage et les caractéristiques socio-économiques des navetteurs à l'échelle des régions métropolitaines de recensement du Canada". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24688/24688.pdf.
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Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la problématique de la différenciation des comportements de mobilité des conjoints et des conjointes des familles biactives dans le cadre de leurs déplacements résidence-travail (navettage).
À l’échelle de 19 régions métropolitaines de recensement (RMR) du Canada en 1996, il est ressorti de notre étude que les comportements de mobilité des conjoints et des conjointes sont relativement homogènes, malgré la présence de disparités socio-économiques et de mobilité entre eux. Au niveau des facteurs explicatifs de la différenciation de la distance de navettage, nous n’avons pu conclure à l’influence négative des responsabilités domestiques et familiales sur les déplacements résidence-travail des conjointes. La situation d’emploi a quant à elle un impact certain sur la capacité des conjointes à amortir les coûts de transport élevés d’une longue distance de navettage. Enfin, nous avons démontré que la taille de population de la RMR de résidence n’influence que partiellement les relations entre les caractéristiques socio-économiques et les caractéristiques de mobilité des conjoints et des conjointes.
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ACHO, MARTINEZ YANITL CITLALI 537654 y MARTINEZ YANITL CITLALI ACHO. "Efecto de sales propionicas de dietas de ovino y conejo sobre la respuesta productiva y calidad de carne". Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104798.
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Uso de aditivos gluconeogénicos en la producción animalEl objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar de la adición de sales propiónicas sobre el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal, calidad de la carne y parámetros fermentativos en ovinos y conejos en finalización. Para el primer experimento se emplearon 36 conejos machos Nueva Zelanda x California con un peso de 1.4 kg 0.10 gr, distribuidos aleatoriamente en un diseño completamente al azar formado por cuatro tratamientos y nueve repeticiones, cada conejo fue considerado como unidad experimenta. Los tratamientos constaron de la inclusión de 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 y 1.5 % de propionato de calcio, se concidero como dieta experimental a un al alimento comercial. Las variables que se midieron durante la prueba productiva fueron peso final, consumo de alimento, ganancia diaria de peso, conversión alimenticia, digestibilidad de la dieta, por otra parte se registraron las caracteristicas de la canal así como el color, pH y caracteristicas de la carne. Se observó que al incluir propionato de calcio no hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas (P < 0.05) en las variables productivas evaluadas, ya que mantuvo el peso final, la ganancia diaria de peso, así como la conversión alimenticia, por otra parte, la digestibilidad in vivo del alimento mostró un efecto lineal (P = 0.01) destacando que el tratamiento con 1.0 % de propionato de calcio. Dentro de las características de la carne el pH, parámetros de color (L*, a*, b*, Hue y croma), pérdida de agua por cocción y contenido de ácidos grasos no se obtuvieron cambios entre tratamientos (P >0.05), mientras que en la pérdida por presión se obtuvo un efecto lineal (P = 0.003). Los parametros cecales pH así como ácidos grasos volátiles se mantuvieron mientras que el lactato y nitrogeno amoniacal disminuyeron al emplear propionato de calcio en las dietas de conejos en etapa de finalización. En el segundo experimento se emplearon 28 ovinos criollos, machos con un peso vivo inicial de 25 ± 1.5 kg, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en un diseño completamente al azar, con cuatro tratamientos y ocho repeticiones (ovinos). Las dietas se balancearon con una relación forraje: concentrado (30:70) con la inclusión de propionato de sodio en 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 y 3.0%, por la sustitución de 5.8, 8.7 y 14.0 % de grano. Las variables que se registraron fueron el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, peso, final, conversión alimenticia, digestibilidad de la dieta, caracteristicas V de la canal como peso de la canal fría y caliente, la pérdida de agua de la carne así como su color y pH. No se encontraron cambios estadísticos en las variables productivas peso final, consumo de materia seca, ganancia diaria de peso y conversión alimenticia (p > 0.05) durante la prueba productiva, por otra parte, la digestibilidad in vivo mostró un efecto lineal (p = 0.01), aumentando hasta 2.7 % con las dietas de propionato de sodio con respecto al testigo. En cuanto al características de la canal, pH, color, calidad de la carne, pérdida de agua por presión y por cocción no reflejaron efectos (p > 0.05) por la adición de propionato de sodio, de igual manera las variables ruminales no se encontraron efectos en pH, ácidos grasos volátiles y nitrógeno amoniacal (p > 0.05), mientras que la cantidad de lactato mostró un efecto cuadrático (p = 0.03) donde el menor contenido fue con la dieta de 3.0 % de propionato de sodio. Por lo cual se puede concluir que en el caso de la adición de propionato de calcio en los conejos por su efecto acidificante en la dieta y tracto digestivos, ayuda a obtener una mejor digestibilidad de la ración, además de que en la carne aumenta la terneza de la carne por una menor pérdidad de agua. Para le caso de los ovinos en finalización con la adición de propionato de sodio el cual se empleo como gluconeogenico con una sustitución hasta de 14 % de grano en la dieta, sin ocacionar alteraciones productivas o cambios en la calidad de la carne.
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Yu, Soojin. "Economic success and socio-cultural retention among native-born ethnic groups in Canada and Britain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404886.
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Tarradas, Pou Anna. "Els factors GATA4 i GATA5 en la regulació transcripcional del gen que codifica pel canal de sodi cardíac (SCN5A)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405732.
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The SCN5A gene encodes the alpha subunit of the cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5), which is responsible for the influx of sodium ions through membrane of cardiomyocytes. Different evidences suggest that an aberrant expression of the SCN5A gene may cause cardiac arrhythmias. However, the mechanisms that control SCN5A expression regulation are largely unknown. This thesis proposes a new mechanism of SCN5A transcriptional regulation in the adult human heart: transcription factors GATA4 and GATA5 synergize in the activation of the SCN5A expression. In addition, it has been proposed that GATA4 activity on the SCN5A is regulated by acetylation/deacetylation via the acetyltransferase p300 and the deacetylase HDAC2. It has been identified three lysines of GATA4 that are targets of p300 and HDAC2. In summary, this study contributes to further understand the molecular basis of the cardiac arrhythmias associated with alteration of sodium currentsEl gen SCN5A codifica per la subunitat alfa del canal de sodi cardíac dependent de voltatge (NaV1.5), el qual permet l’entrada de ions sodi a través de la membrana dels cardiomiòcits. Diverses evidències suggereixen que una expressió anòmala del gen SCN5A pot donar lloc a arítmies cardíaques. Malauradament, els mecanismes que regulen l’expressió d’SCN5A són molt poc coneguts. Aquesta tesi proposa un nou mecanisme de regulació transcripcional del gen SCN5A en el cor humà adult: els factors de transcripció GATA4 i GATA5 activen sinèrgicament l’expressió del gen SCN5A. També s’ha proposat que l’activitat de GATA4 sobre SCN5A està regulada per un mecanisme d’acetilació/desacetilació a on hi participen l’acetiltransferasa p300 i la desacetilasa HDAC2. S’han identificat tres residus de lisines de GATA4 que són dianes de p300 i HDAC2. En resum, aquest estudi permet entendre millor les bases moleculars de les arítmies cardíaques associades amb alteracions del corrent de sodi
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Liu, Aihua 1970. "Predictors of smoking cessation in adults from two low socio-economic status communities in Montreal, Canada". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98752.
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Objectives. Few studies have identified longitudinal predictors of smoking cessation in disadvantaged communities. This study identified predictors of cessation in a 5-year longitudinal cohort of adults aged 18-65 years and living in low-income, inner-city neighborhoods of Montreal, Canada.Methods. Secondary analysis of data from the non-randomized evaluation of Coeur en Sante St. Henri, a community-based intervention program designed to decrease cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) factors. Data on lifestyle behaviors were collected in telephone interviews of a representative sample of residents at baseline and five years later. Independent predictors of cessation were identified among 303 subjects who smoked at baseline, using multiple logistic regression.
Results. After 5 years, 20% of baseline smokers reported quitting including 22% of female smokers, and 17% of male smokers. From among 7 potential predictors only two were retained in multivariable analysis, including having a post-secondary or higher education relative to secondary school or less (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.01-3.51), and number of cigarettes smoked per day (OR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.91-0.98).
Conclusions. Few predictors of cessation emerged in this disadvantaged community. It is notable that even in a disadvantaged community, increased education predicts cessation. Improved understanding of the mechanisms by which education leads to higher quit rates may help the development of cessation programs targeting disadvantaged communities.
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Páez, Silva Alejandro Andrés. "The Cultural Integration of Adult Immigrants in Canada: The Role of Language Ability". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38051.
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This manuscript is dedicated to researching the link between language acquisition and cultural integration. As this has overtime become a glaring gap in multiple federal integration policy instruments, we carried out both theoretical reviews as well as fieldwork to answer this question. In so far as fieldwork goes, we recruited two contrasting participants twenty-two and thirty-five years old respectively, male and female, from different cultural groups but both sharing the overall goal of integration in Canada and enrolled in the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) program. We carried out semi-structured interviews by way of a theory-based protocol and subsequently processed the data via thematic analysis techniques to arrive at our results. Empirically speaking, we synthesized our participants’ lived experiences and perceptions and found that language plays four distinct roles related to culture and cultural integration. First, it is a tool with which to transmit cultural information directly (the referential function). Second, it is the carrier of a second wave of pragmatic (e.g. body language, prosody) from which cultural norms and conventions can be inferred. Third, language is a tool for group differentiation on the basis of which prototypical members (i.e. native-speakers both in the source and destination culture) at times ostracize learners based on linguistic markers. Lastly, we find that it is precisely the experience of loss of membership, disembeddedness, and lack of belonging in previous and future speech groups which then drives newcomers to cultural integration patterns which are less than additive in nature such as intersection and compartmentalization.
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Kaczorowski, Janusz. "The good, the average and the ugly : a socio-economic dimension of physical attractiveness". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61827.
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Navarro, Christine. "Sexually transmitted diseases and their socio-demographic and behavioural correlates in Canada: National Population Health Survey, 1996-1997". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8963.
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This research examines the two-year period prevalences and gender-specific correlates for self-reported gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts among 43,192 sexually experienced Canadians aged 15 to 59 years in the 1996--97 National Population Health Survey. Reporting multiple partners in the past year was consistently related to higher prevalences of STD. Regular alcohol consumption was a potential indicator of a higher risk lifestyle that places men and women at increased risk for chlamydia and genital herpes. Canadian-born respondents were significantly more likely to report STD, which may be a result of respondent error. Gender, age, and age at first intercourse were also important correlates, acting as both direct risk factors influencing susceptibility and as markers of higher risk sexual activity. Although the survey relies on self-reports of STD experience, in combination with clinic-based studies and surveillance it can be a useful tool for targeting prevention strategies for the general population.
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Larsen, Marianne Achen. "A community study of the socio-historical construction of the teacher in mid-Victorian England and upper Canada". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020443/.
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Mezdour, Amina. "Le rôle des facteurs environnementaux dans la migration internationale : étude de cas des immigrants haïtiens au Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30965.
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Cette thèse pose un regard environnemental sur la migration internationale des Haïtiens au Canada en relevant les types de changements environnementaux qui affectent les populations urbaines et rurales tout en analysant l’interaction de ces éléments avec des facteurs non-environnementaux (politiques, économiques et sociaux). Pour cela, nous avons procédé à une collecte de données de type qualitative, dont des entrevues semi-structurées avec des informateurs clés (huit personnes), des groupes de discussion (20 participants) et des entrevues individuelles (sept participants). Cette recherche met ainsi en évidence qu’aucun participant n’a immigré uniquement à cause d’enjeux environnementaux, soulignant de la sorte qu’une telle décision résulte de l’interaction entre divers facteurs environnementaux et non-environnementaux difficilement distinguable les uns des autres. Ainsi, nous favorisons une analyse inclusive lors de l’étude de la migration environnementale en proposant le concept de « migration environnementale inter-active ». En second lieu, cette thèse se penche sur le rôle des classes sociales et des réseaux sociaux dans les stratégies d’immigration et souligne que les choix de destinations ainsi que les stratégies d’immigration (étudiants, travailleurs qualifiés, réunification familiale, demandeurs d’asile et réfugié) varient selon ces deux facteurs, surtout lorsque la destination est le Canada.
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Marshall, Joan 1943. "The Anglican Church and socio-political change : implications for an English-speaking minority in Quebec". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70193.
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Since the early sixties, social and political change in Quebec has fundamentally altered the relationships between the majority French and minority English-speaking populations. As francophones have laid claim to the decision-making spheres of power, anglophones have experienced losses to their community through out-migration and the loss of social power. This study reveals various responses within the church, incorporating concepts of community and 'place' as symbols in identity formation and cultural affirmation. Levels of financial commitment for individual parishes and mission outreach, numbers of Easter communicants and response to liturgical change all show distinctive patterns. The research also points to important implications for the church in relation to its aging population, the role of women, and the significance of family histories.
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Rosa, Ricardo Abreu da. "Efetividade da terapia fotodinâmica associada à soluções irrigadoras frente a dois modelos de biofilme". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/144218.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antibacteriano e a dissolução de biofilme promovido pela terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) associada com o hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) 2,5% e a clorexidina (CHX) sobre biofilmes mono-espécie e multi-espécies. No modelo de biofilme mono-espécie, quarenta e seis prémolares inferiores foram contaminados com cepas de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCCC 29212) por 21 dias. Os espécimes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a solução irrigadora utilizada: soro fisiológico, CHX 2% e NaOCl 2,5%. Após irrigação com 5 mL de cada irrigante, a PDT foi realizada. Amostras foram coletadas previamente aos protocolos de irrigação (S1), após irrigação (S2) e após PDT (S3). No modelo de biofilme multi-espécies, sessenta blocos de dentina bovina foram infectados intraoral e divididos em seis grupos: soro fisiológico, soro fisiológico/PDT, CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl e NaOCl/PDT. Microscopia confocal a laser foi usada para avaliar a porcentagem e o biovolume de células vivas e o volume total de biofilme. Todos os grupos reduziram as contagens de UFCs após os procedimentos de irrigação (S1-S2); porém a CHX e o NaOCl promoveram as menores contagens de UFCs (P < 0,05). A PDT diminuiu significativamente a contagem bacteriana no grupo do soro fisiológico (S2-S3; P < 0,05). No modelo de biofilme multi-espécies, a menor quantidade de células vivas foi observada nos grupos CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl e NaOCl/PDT, sem diferenças entre si (P > 0,05). A PDT não reduziu o volume total de biofilme (P > 0,05); porém parece diminuir o biovolume e a quantidade de células vivas após irrigação com CHX 2% e NaOCl 2,5%. A terapia fotodinâmica associada ao soro fisiológico reduziu a carga bacteriana em canais infectados com E. faecalis. A PDT parece reduzir a quantidade e o volume de células vivas, mas não o volume total de células em biofilme multiespécies induzido in situ. Finalmente, o tipo de irrigante foi decisivo para dissolver biofilme multi-espécies.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect and the biofilm dissolution promoted by photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX over monospecies and multispecies biofilms. In monospecies biofilm model, forty-six mandibular premolars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) broth culture for 21 days. Specimens were divided into three groups according to the irrigant used: saline, 2% of CHX and 2.5% of NaOCl. After irrigation with 5 mL of each irrigant, PDT was performed. Samples were collected at baseline (S1), after irrigation (S2) and after PDT (S3). In multispecies biofilm model, sixty bovine dentin blocs were infected intraorally, and divided into six groups: saline, saline/PDT, CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl and NaOCl/PDT. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess the percentage and the biovolume of live cells and the total biovolume. All groups reduced UFC’ counts after irrigation procedures (S1-S2); however CHX and NaOCl promoted the lowest UFCs counts (P < 0.05). PDT significantly reduced the bacterial counts in saline group (S2-S3; P < 0.05). In multispecies biofilm model, the lowest amount of live cells was observed in CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl and NaOCl/PDT groups, with no differences among them (P > 0.05). PDT did not reduce the total biovolume (P > 0.05); however it appears to decrease the biovolume and the amount of live cells after irrigation with 2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. PDT associated with saline reduced the bacterial load in canal infected with E. faecalis. PDT seems to reduce the amount and the biovolume of live cells, but did not reduce the total biovolume of cells in multispecies biofilm induced in situ. Finally, the irrigant was decisive to dissolve multispecies biofilm.
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Paula, Karen Barea de. "Avaliação da ação antimicrobiana do hipoclorito de sódio e hipoclorito de cálcio por meio de diferentes modelos experimentais". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128199.
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A ação química, obtida pelo emprego de substâncias auxiliares de instrumentação, aliada à ação mecânica, promove a limpeza do sistema de canais radiculares. Determinadas propriedades das substâncias químicas, como a ação antimicrobiana, têm contribuído para a eliminação de microrganismos encontrados em dentes com necrose pulpar e infecção. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana do hipoclorito de cálcio [Ca(OCl)2] em diferentes concentrações (0,5%, 1%, 2,5% e 5%) frente ao Enterococcus faecalis e compará-la com a ação do hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) pelos métodos de Difusão em Ágar e de Contato em Meio Líquido. A ampicilina 10 μg e água destilada foram utilizadas como controle positivo e negativo, respectivamente, no método de difusão em Ágar. No contato em meio líquido o microrganismo entrou em contato com a substância teste em períodos pré-determinados (15 segundos, 30 segundos, 1 minuto, 5 minutos e 10 minutos). O efeito da presença de dentina humana, albumina sérica bovina e endotoxina de Escherichia coli O55:B5 sobre as propriedades antimicrobianas das soluções foi avaliado. Os componentes teciduais e microbianos permaneceram em contato com a solução por 2 minutos, 30 minutos ou 6 horas. Os halos de inibição do crescimento microbiano verificados no Ágar foram mensurados. A presença ou ausência de turvação no meio líquido, indicando crescimento microbiano, foi determinada para cada tempo experimental, no método de contato em meio líquido. O número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) por mililitro foi quantificado, após a exposição do microrganismo às substâncias químicas auxiliares, na presença dos componentes teciduais. Os resultados foram tabulados e realizou-se análise estatística. Observou-se que os maiores halos de inibição foram produzidos pelo Ca(OCl)2 5% (17,38 mm ±3,71), sendo inferior ao produzido pela ampicilina (30,35 mm ±1,64). Soluções de NaOCl e Ca(OCl)2, na mesma concentração, não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si. Os diâmetros dos halos de inibição produzidos por NaOCl ou Ca(OCl)2 foram proporcionais ao aumento da concentração. O tempo de inibição para o crescimento do E. faecalis, em meio líquido, é menor em concentrações mais elevadas de Ca(OCl)2 e NaOCl. As soluções de NaOCl 2,5%, NaOCl 5% e Ca(OCl)2 2,5% e Ca(OCl)2 5.0% foram iguais entre si. A dentina e a endotoxina de E. coli não interferiram na ação antimicrobiana das soluções de hipoclorito testadas. A soluções de NaOCl 0,5%, 1% e 2,5% e de Ca(OCl)2 0,5% quando expostas à albumina, por 2 minutos, apresentaram seu efeito antimicrobiano reduzido. Concluiu-se que soluções de hipoclorito de cálcio apresentaram ação antimicrobiana frente ao E. faecalis, em concentrações similares às do hipoclorito de sódio empregadas em Endodontia. O efeito antimicrobiano demonstrado pelas soluções é proporcional a sua concentração, podendo ser modulado pela albumina, em curtos períodos de exposição.The chemical action produced by the auxiliary substances can promotes the cleaning of the root canal system. Certain properties of chemical substances, such as their antimicrobial activity, have contributed to the elimination of microorganisms in infected pulp tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] in different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2.5% and 5%) over Enterococcus faecalis and compare it to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) through the ágar diffusion method and the broth dilution method. Ampicillin 10 μg and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively in the ágar diffusion method. In the broth dilution method, E. faecalis cells were exposed to the auxiliary chemical substances for (15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, 5 min or 10 min). The effect of human dentin powder, 18% bovine serum albumin and Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin over the antimicrobial properties of the solutions was evaluated, after 2 minutes, 30 minutes or 6 hours. The inhibition zones were measured. The presence of broth turbidity was recorded, for each time period, after 24 hours, in the Broth dilution method. The colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter were counted after the exposure of the E. faecalis to the tested tissue or bacterial components. Statistical analysis was carried out. The Ca(OCl)2 5% had the largest inhibition zones (17.38 mm ±3.71), however they were shorter than ampicillin zones (30.35 mm ±1.64). There was no statistical difference between NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 solutions with the same concentration. It was observed that the highest the NaOCl or Ca(OCl)2 concentration, the largest the inhibition zone. In the broth dilution method, the time required for E. faecalis growth inhibition was shorter in highly concentrated solutions than in low concentrated solutions. There was no statistical difference among 2.5% NaOCl, 5% NaOCl, 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 and 5% Ca(OCl)2. The human dentin powder and E. coli endotoxin were not able to modulate the antimicrobial effect of the tested irrigants. In a 2 minute-period, the antimicrobial effect of 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl and 0.5% Ca(OCl)2 was inhibited by bovine serum albumin. It was possible to conclude that calcium hypochlorite solutions were able to inhibit E. feacalis growth, in vitro, when diluted to concentrations that were usually employed in Endodontics. The antimicrobial effect of the solutions was proportional to their concentration and can be modulated by bovine serum albumin, in short periods of exposition.
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Oliveira, Josiane Silva de. "A política emocional nas práticas de organização do circo contemporâneo : uma etnografia multissituada no contexto Brasil-Canadá". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96900.
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L’objectif de cette thèse était de discuter la relation entre les pratiques quotidiennes et les émotions dans le processus organisationnel du cirque contemporain. En vue de cela, une étude ethnographique dans le contexte situé au Brésil et au Canada pendant les années 2011 dans la ville brésilienne de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, et 2013 dans la ville canadienne de Montréal, dans la province de Québec. Dans la première base théorique de cette étude, j’effectue une discussion à propos de la dimension politique des pratiques, des façons de faire des sujets sociaux, dans les processus organisationnels quotidiens soulignant la (i)mobilité des organisations en Études organisationnelles. En effet, considérons la routine organisationnelle comme des espaces de pratiques qui constituent la micropolitique - politique de la vie quotidienne - par la sphère normative des processus de gestion. La micropolitique se réfère à la comparaison des relations pratiques avec action logique historique et culturelle; présenter un caractère procédural, car les formes d’organisation des espaces multiples et interconnectés dans la pratique ; produire des effets dans la vie quotidienne en raison de son caractère relationnel avec sphères normatives de la société. En mettant en évidence les émotions comme des pratiques dans la routine organisationnelle qui doit être articulées à d'autres pratiques quotidiennes forment la dimension politique émotionnelle des processus organisationnels. L’un des effets identifiés de la politique émotionnelle dans le travail quotidien du cirque était la production de plusieurs spatialités. Malgré que ces dernières permettent les cirques de chercher la reconnaissance de leur légitimité artistique qui est le produit des contrepoints concernant l’ordre établi dans le domaine politique des arts dans les villes étudiées. En effet, les cirques ne pouvaient être considérés comme des espaces hétérotopiques organisationnels, ou des espaces constituant l’ordre social, mais leurs relations pratiques établies forces inverses. Ainsi, la thèse que je défends dans cet article affirme que la relation entre les pratiques et les émotions quotidiennes est la politique émotionnelle des processus organisationnels résultant de la production de hétérotopies. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche soulignent l’importance des émotions dans les organisations. En montrant comment ces éléments pratiques influencent le développement d'une théorie politique des émotions dans les études organisationnelles. La contribution méthodologique que je présente dans cette thèse est l’appropriation de l’ ethnographie multissituée comme une stratégie de recherche pour les entreprises qui sont basées sur la mobilité socio-spatiale et dans de différents endroits comprendre.En termes appliqués à la gestion, les résultats de l'enquête mettent en évidence que le processus de création des artistes de cirque est centré sur une dynamique collective. Ainsi que l’engagement de la conversation comme pertinente pour la transmission de la connaissance de la production artistique. De plus, la réalisation de résidences de création dans de différents contextes culturels de base pour la formation technique et le développement social du cirque. Sur le processus de formation des artistes, souligner la nécessité d'intégrer des études sur la dimension collective de l’organisation de la formation des artistes de cirque dans les écoles de cirque. Ceci dit, le sujet producteur culturel comme articulateur de pratiques artistiques à des pratiques de gestion.O meu objetivo nesta tese foi discutir as relações entre as práticas cotidianas e as emoções no processo organizativo do circo contemporâneo. Para tanto, eu realizei um estudo etnográfico multissituado no contexto Brasil-Canadá entre os anos de 2011, na cidade brasileira de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, e 2013, na cidade canadense de Montréal, na província de Quebeque. No primeiro eixo teórico deste estudo, realizo uma discussão a respeito da dimensão política das práticas, as maneiras de fazer dos sujeitos sociais, no cotidiano dos processos organizativos e destaco a (i)mobilidade das organizações nos Estudos Organizacionais. Com efeito, considero o cotidiano organizacional como espaços de práticas que constituem micropolíticas – políticas da vida cotidiana – em meio à esfera normativa dos processos de gestão. As micropolíticas referem-se às relações do confronto das práticas com lógicas de ação determinadas histórico-culturalmente; apresentam um cunho processual; e produzem efeitos no cotidiano devido ao seu caráter relacional com as esferas normativas da sociedade. Destaco as emoções como práticas no cotidiano organizacional que ao serem articuladas às outras práticas cotidianas formam a dimensão política emocional dos processos organizativos. Um dos efeitos da política emocional no cotidiano de trabalho dos circenses que identifiquei foi a produção de múltiplas espacialidades que, apesar de possibilitar aos circos a busca pelo reconhecimento de sua legitimidade artística, produziu contrapontos em relação ao ordenamento estabelecido no campo político das artes nas cidades estudadas. Com efeito, considero que os circos podem ser compreendidos como espaços organizacionais heterotópicos, ou seja, espaços que constituem o ordenamento social, mas que suas práticas invertem as relações de forças estabelecidas na sociedade. Sendo assim, a tese que defendo nesse trabalho é que as relações entre as práticas cotidianas e as emoções constituem a política emocional dos processos organizativos resultando na produção de heterotopias organizacionais. Os principais resultados desta pesquisa destacam a importância das emoções como práticas nas organizações evidenciando elementos para o desenvolvimento de uma Teoria Política das Emoções nos Estudos Organizacionais. A contribuição metodológica que eu apresento nesta tese é a apropriação da etnografia multissituada como estratégia de pesquisa para compreensão de processos organizativos que se constituem com base em mobilidades sócio-espaciais e em diferentes locais. Em termos aplicados à gestão, os resultados da pesquisa destacam que o processo criativo dos artistas circenses é centrado em uma dinâmica coletiva, a prática de conversação como relevante para a transmissão do conhecimento da produção artística e a realização de residências criativas em diferentes contextos culturais como base para o desenvolvimento técnico e de formação social dos circenses. Sobre o processo de formação dos artistas, destaco a necessidade de incorporação de estudos sobre a dimensão coletiva de organização dos circenses na formação dos artistas nas escolas de circo e o sujeito produtor cultural como articulador das práticas artísticas às práticas de gestão.
The aim of this thesis was to discuss the relationship between everyday practices and emotions in organizational process of contemporary circus. For this purpose, a multisited ethnographic study in the context Brazil - Canada between the years 2011 in the Brazilian city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and 2013 was held in the Canadian city of Montreal, in the province of Quebec. In the first theoretical basis of this study, I realize a discussion about the political dimension of practices, ways of making social subjects, in everyday organizational processes highlighting (i)mobility of organizations in Organizational Studies. Indeed, consider the organizational routine as spaces of practices that constitute micro - politics of everyday life - in the midst of a normative management processes. The micro refer to the comparison of practical relations with logical action of certain historical and culturally; present a procedural nature, because the forms of organization are multiple and interconnected spaces in practice; produce effects in everyday life due to its relational character with normative spheres of society. Highlight the emotions like practices in organizational routine that to be articulated to other daily practices form the emotional political dimension of organizational processes. One of the identified effects of emotional politics in the everyday work of the circus was the production of multiple spatialities that despite, enable circuses by seeking recognition of their artistic legitimacy, produced counterpoints regarding the order established in the political field of the arts in the cities studied. Indeed, circuses could be understood as organizational heterotopic spaces, or spaces constituting the social order, but their practical relations established reverse forces. Thus, the thesis that I defend in this paper is that the relationship between everyday practices and emotions are emotional politics of organizational processes resulting in the production of heterotopias. The main results of this research highlight the importance of emotions in organizations showing how practical elements for the development of a Political Theory of Emotions in Organizational Studies. The methodological contribution that I present in this thesis is the appropriation of multisited ethnography as a research strategy for understanding organizations that are based on socio- spatial mobility and in different locations. In terms applied to management, the survey results highlight that the creative process of circus performers is centered on a collective dynamic, engaging in conversation as relevant to the transmission of knowledge of artistic production and the realization of creative residencies in different cultural contexts as a basis for technical training and social development of the circus. On the process of training of artists, highlight the need to incorporate studies on the collective dimension of organizing the training of circus performers in circus schools and the subject cultural producer as articulator of artistic practices to management practices.
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Gamache, Nicolas. "Paysage et espace rural : nouveaux sens des territoires : essai d'étude comparée à partir des mutations agraires et des recompositions socio-démographiques entre la Gâtine Poitevine (France) et la Haut Saint-Laurent (Québec)". Poitiers, 2006. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/58928.
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La thèse développée porte sur les nouveaux sens des territoires ruraux et se décline selon une approche socio-spatiale et culturelle. Le paysage est mobilisé doublement : objet conceptuel, il permet d'analyser les mutations et les facteurs du renouvellement des campagnes ; sujet d'intérêt pour les populations, il rend compte des multiples territorialités que retracent les pratiques et représentations. A travers la comparaison entre un cas d'étude en France et un cas d'étude au Québec, il apparaît que les facteurs socio-spatiaux à la structuration des territoires ruraux se rejoignent et participent à la patrimonialisation des paysages du quotidien, mais la relation des sociétés au temps et à l'identité marquent le sens des territoires d'une emprunte différenciée : des trajectoires territoriales sensiblement proches n'entraînent pas une même construction de valeurs, singularisant les identités locales
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Aghajanloo, Mahdi. "La mondialisation des politiques des droits de l'homme : une comparaison France-Canada-Turquie". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100112.
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L'indivisibilité des droits de l'homme est mentionnée dans tous les instruments internationaux. Toute divergence, en limitant certaines dimensions des droits fondamentaux, mette en danger la réalisation de l'ensemble des droits. En présentant une base juridique et pratique de convergence entre les droits civils et politiques, cette convergence est examinée en comparant le niveau de religiosité sociale et les droits intangibles. Puis, en présentant une histoire résumée de la ratification de deux Pactes, la divergence trouve son origine dans les différences idéologique et politique. Les conditions de la divergence, et, de même, la nature positive différente des droits socio-économiques, sont examinées à partir des droits du travail.La considération d'une responsabilité nationale, selon la nature positive des droits socio-économiques, aboutit au risque de la divergence et de la réalisation inappropriée de ces droits, sous des engagements internationaux non contraignants. Donc, seul le principe de non-discrimination forge une obligation quasi contraignante par rapport aux droits en cause. L'extension du champ d'application de ce principe, au-delà des frontières nationales, peut garantir l'indivisibilité des droits fondamentaux. En revanche, la nature vague des droits socio-économiques et le principe de restrictions accentuent la nécessité d'un besoin objectif pour l'établissement d’engagements internationaux contraignants. L’objectif est souligné à propos de la crise sanitaire causée par la propagation mondiale du Coronavirus.En comparant la liberté religieuse, les droits du travail et le droit à la santé, nous pouvons constater que l'existence d’obligations contraignantes, à propos des droits négatifs, est prise en compte au niveau international. En revanche, il faut un besoin objectif pour persuader les États de prendre des mesures conjointes et établissement des obligations similaires, contraignantes, par rapport aux droits socio-économiques. De fait, le niveau d’obligations internationales des États dépend du type et du niveau de ce besoin objectifIndivisibility and interdependence of human rights have been indicated in all international documents. Any divergence and classification can endanger their execution and globalization by limiting certain dimensions of the fundamental rights and freedoms. This convergence is tested by comparing the level of social religiosity and intangible rights using a legal and practical basis for the convergence between civil and political rights. Still, considering a brief history of the enactment of two international Covenants, it seems that divergence is an inevitable outcome of ideological and political differences. We can investigate the conditions of this divergence and the different positive nature of socio-economic rights by studying labor rights.Considering a commitment at a national level might lead to divergence and unfulfilled rights because of the non-obligatory nature of these international commitments and the positive nature of socio-economic rights. Therefore, it only brings to mind the principle of a half-binding non-discriminatory commitment regarding the socio-economic rights. Extending the scope of this principle beyond the national borders can guarantee the indivisibility of fundamental rights. However, the vague nature of socio-economic rights and restrictions, such as the reciprocity principle, emphasize on an objective need to establish the binding international commitments. This can be investigated with studying the pandemic health crisis caused by the spread of coronavirus worldwide.By comparing the religious freedom, labor and health rights, we find out that the binding commitments have been considered regarding negative rights at international levels. However, there must be an objective need to persuade the governments to consider similar measures and obligations with respect to socio-economic rights. In fact, the level of international obligations of the governments depends on the type and level of this objective need
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Bruzadelli, Renata Ribeiro. "Avaliação da efetividade do hipoclorito de sodio 5,25% e clorexidina gel 2% na remoção de pre-dentina em areas não instrumentadas de canais radiculares de incisivos inferiores : estudo in vitro". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289053.
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Orientador: Francisco Jose de Souza FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do hipoclorito de sódio 5,25% e clorexidina gel 2% na remoção de pré-dentina nos terços cervical, médio e apical do canal radicular de incisivos inferiores humanos com polpas vitais e achatamento mésio-distal. Para isto, os canais foram instrumentados apenas na parede vestibular, preservando-se a superfície lingual para a verificação da ação de remoção das substâncias químicas auxiliares. Durante o preparo químico-mecânico, o volume e a freqüência da irrigação foram padronizados. Após a instrumentação, as raízes passaram por processamento histológico e foram analisadas em microscopia ótica para a verificação da presença e quantidade de pré-dentina remanescente na superfície lingual. A comparação estatística, realizada pelos Testes de Diferença de Proporções (P<0,01), mostrou que nos terços cervical, médio e apical, a remoção de pré-dentina proporcionada pela solução de hipoclorito de sódio 5,25% foi superior à clorexidina gel 2% e ao controle com soro fisiológico. Quando utilizada a mesma substância química, não houve diferença estatística entre os terços analisados. Concluímos que a solução de hipoclorito de sódio 5,25% é superior à clorexidina gel 2% e ao controle com soro fisiológico, quanto à remoção de pré-dentina, nas áreas não instrumentadas de canais achatados, nos terços analisados. Nenhuma substância química testada é capaz de remover completamente a pré-dentina nas áreas mais profundas das reentrâncias, em todas as amostras analisadas. Nas áreas instrumentadas e irrigadas, ocorre sempre a completa remoção de pré-dentina das paredes do canal radicular, com quaisquer das substâncias
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predentin removal capacity of two substances used as irrigating substances in Endodontics ¿ 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel - on the apical, middle and cervical thirds from human mandibular incisors with vital pulps and mesio-distal flattened root canals. During the biomechanical preparation, volume and frequency of irrigants were standardizated. The instruments were used on the vestibular wall off the root canals and the removal capacity of the substances were studied in the lingual area. After instrumentation, and histological processing, the cross sections were examinated with an optic microscope in order to verify the presence and quantity of predentine on the lingual pole. The statistical analyses (P< 0,01) showed that 5.25% sodium hypochlorite presented higher capacity in removing predentin than 2% chlorhexidine gel and fisiologic solution in all thirds. CONCLUSIONS: 5.25% sodium hypochorite presented higher capacity in removing predentin than 2% chlorhexidine gel and fisiologic solution control. None of the substances completely removed all predentin in all samples. There was no difference on the root canal cleaning when used the same irrigant in the different thirds. In the areas touched by the endodontic instruments, the predentin was removed from the canal walls with all of the substances
Doutorado
Endodontia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
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Quiroz, Dickson Gabriela. "Efectividad del agua destilada usada como irrigante intermedio entre hipoclorito de sodio 5% y clorhexidina 2% para prevenir la formación de paracloroanilina dentro del sistema de canales radiculares, estudio ex vivo". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137657.
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Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano DentistaIntroducción: Una irrigación óptima en Endodoncia se basa en el uso combinado de dos o más soluciones en una secuencia específica para obtener el éxito terapéutico. Sin embargo, la interacción de estos irrigantes al interior del canal radicular puede llevar a la formación de subproductos, como la Paracloroanilina (PCA), precipitado tóxico que se forma al interaccionar Hipoclorito de Sodio (NaClO) y Clorhexidina (CHX) y que puede ocluir los túbulos dentinarios comprometiendo el sellado de la obturación del canal radicular. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar ex vivo si la formación de PCA puede ser evitada usando agua destilada como irrigante intermedio entre NaClO 5% y CHX 2%. Metodología: Se seleccionaron 30 dientes humanos unirradiculares sanos los cuales fueron divididos en un grupo control y uno experimental. A los dientes se les realizó un tratamiento endodóntico siguiendo el protocolo clínico de irrigación de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, usando suero fisiológico como irrigante intermedio en el grupo control y agua destilada en el grupo experimental, recolectando 13 muestras por diente correspondientes a las distintas fases del tratamiento. En estas muestras se determinó mediante espectrofotometría la concentración de NaClO, EDTA, CHX y PCA. Resultados: Posterior al lavado del canal radicular con el irrigante intermedio y previo a la irrigación con CHX 2% se detectó NaClO residual en una concentración del 0,0029% en el grupo control y 0,0025% en el grupo experimental. Después de la irrigación con CHX 2% se midió una concentración de PCA de 0,00322% en el grupo control y 0,00252% en el grupo experimental. La diferencia en la concentración de PCA medida entre ambos grupos fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: Se forma PCA al interior del canal radicular por la presencia de NaClO residual y CHX 2%. El uso de agua destilada como irrigante intermedio permite diluir el NaClO del canal radicular, sin embargo, esto no impide la formación de PCA. Se deben utilizar al menos 9 mL de agua destilada para diluir el NaClO 5% a tal punto que en contacto con CHX 2% se produzca la mínima cantidad de PCA.
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Goulet-Stock, Sybil, Sergio Rueda, Afshin Vafaei, Anca Ialomiteanu, Jakob Manthey, Jürgen Rehm y Benedikt Fischer. "Comparing Medical and Recreational Cannabis Users on Socio-Demographic, Substance and Medication Use, and Health and Disability Characteristics". Karger, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70866.
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Background: While recreational cannabis use is common, medical cannabis programs have proliferated across North America, including a federal program in Canada. Few comparisons of medical and recreational cannabis users (RCUs) exist; this study compared these groups on key characteristics. Methods: Data came from a community-recruited sample of formally approved medical cannabis users (MCUs; n = 53), and a sub-sample of recreational cannabis users (RCUs; n = 169) from a representative adult survey in Ontario (Canada). Samples were telephone-surveyed on identical measures, including select socio-demographic, substance and medication use, and health and disability measures. Based on initial bivariate comparisons, multivariate logistical regression with a progressive adjustment approach was performed to assess independent predictors of group status. Results: In bivariate analyses, older age, lower household income, lower alcohol use, higher cocaine, prescription opioid, depression and anxiety medication use, and lower health and disability status were significantly associated with medical cannabis use. In the multivariate analysis, final model, household income, alcohol use, and disability levels were associated with medical cannabis use. Conclusions/Scientific Significance: Compared to RCUs, medical users appear to be mainly characterized by factors negatively influencing their overall health status. Future studies should investigate the actual impact and net benefits of medical cannabis use on these health problems.
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Dussarps, Clément. "Dimension socio-affective et abandon en formation ouverte et à distance". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30060/document.
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L’abandon en formation ouverte et à distance (FOAD) constitue un enjeu important tant pour les apprenants que pour les organismes de formation, que ce soit pour des raisons économiques, sociales, ou encore d’image (de soi ou publique). Les besoins des apprenants en termes d’accompagnement sont tant techniques, cognitifs et métacognitifs, qu’affectifs. C’est cette dernière notion, la dimension affective, qui nous intéressera particulièrement dans cette thèse pour comprendre l’abandon. Afin de tenir compte de la dimension sociale de l’individu et des relations qu’il entretient avec les enseignants, ses pairs ou ses proches, il sera question de dimension socio-affective. Nous mobilisons, pour mieux définir cette dimension et comprendre les enjeux de la communication médiatisée et de la distance en formation (en tant qu’objet social et technique), des auteurs issus de différentes disciplines des sciences humaines : des chercheurs en sciences de l’information et de la communication, des psychologues et des chercheurs en sciences de l’éducation. Nous proposons de caractériser la dimension socio-affective, pensée comme un système, par un modèle intégratif des émotions et sentiments proposés par l’ensemble de ces chercheurs. Cette dimension sera étudiée en regard de la notion de persévérance, inverse d’abandon. Nous nous demandons alors quels sont les facteurs socio-affectifs expliquant l’abandon en formation à distance, ou inversement la persévérance ? Sont notamment questionnés l’importance des interactions dans (avec les enseignants et autres apprenants) et en dehors (avec l’entourage proche) du dispositif de formation, et les facteurs individuels des apprenants (e.g. socio-démographiques). Pour répondre à ces questions, une enquête en deux parties (en début –attentes– et en fin de formation –vécu) et des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés. Les premiers résultats rendent compte d’écarts entre attentes initiales et vécu de la formation, plus ou moins importants selon les apprenants. L’abandon apparaît explicable en analysant la dimension socio-affective, notamment dans les relations avec les acteurs du dispositif. Alors que certains subissent leur isolement du fait d’un manque de relation avec les enseignants, d’autres compensent en établissant une relation avec leurs pairs. Enfin, les proches occupent une place essentielle pour les apprenants qui vivent en famille et qui attendent leur soutienThe drop out in open and distance learning (ODL) is an important issue both for the learners and training organizations, whether for economic, social or image (self-image or brand image). The accompanying needs of learners are both technical, cognitive and meta-cognitive, and affective. The latter particularly interest us in this thesis to understand the drop out. To take account of the social dimension of the person and his relationship with teachers, peers or family, we will discuss socio-emotional dimension. To better define this dimension and understand the issues of mediated communication and the distance in training (as a social and technical object), we mobilize some authors from different disciplines of the humanities: Researchers in science of information and communication , psychologists and researchers in science education. We propose to characterize the socio-emotional dimension, thought of as a system, by an integrative model of emotions and sentiments offered by all of these researchers. This aspect will be studied in relation to the notion of persistence, which is the opposite of drop out. We wonder what are the socio-emotional factors behind the drop out in distance learning, or conversely perseverance? The importance of interactions within (with teachers and other learners) and outside the training device (with family) and individual factors of learners (eg sociodemographic) are questioned. To answer these questions, an investigation into two parts (in beginning - expectations - and in end of training - experience) and semi-directive interviews were conducted. The first results reflect the differences between initial expectations and experiences of training, more or less important according learners. The drop out appears explainable by analyzing the socio-emotional dimension, especially in relations with the actors of the device. While some students suffer isolation due to a lack of relationship with teachers, others compensate by establishing a relationship with their peers. Finally, relatives occupy an essential place for learners who live in families and are waiting their support
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Ryerson, Stanley Bréhaut. "Connaître l'histoire, comprendre la société : un rapport en voie de mutation? : histoire de cas : une prise de conscience des vecteurs socio-historiques du casse-tête Canada-Québec". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29242.
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Evans, Aaron Blake. "Frozen fish rights, a socio-legal analysis of R. v. Gladstone, R. v. Van der Peet & R. v. N.T.C. smokehouse, at the Supreme Court of Canada, 1995-1996". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37524.pdf.
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Scapin, Thomas. "La circulation transnationale de l'éthique publique : socio-histoire d'un répertoire océdéen du bon gouvernement et de ses réceptions au Québec et en France (années 1990-années 2010)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2094.
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Cette thèse part du constat d’un intérêt accru pour l’éthique des agents publics depuis les années 1990 et d’une référence généralisée aux travaux de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques sur ce sujet. S’appuyant sur un travail archivistique, des entretiens et de l’observation participante, cette recherche analyse la circulation du répertoire de l’OCDE en matière d’éthique de l’administration publique. Ce dernier renvoie aux manières de concevoir et de gérer la bonne conduite des fonctionnaires selon l’organisation internationale qui sont promues sous la forme de modèles, de standards, de recettes, d’instruments etc. La thèse se déploie en trois temps. Elle étudie d’abord la genèse du répertoire océdéen en éthique publique, puis les frontières de la circulation des idées et des savoirs qui alimentent ce dernier, et enfin sa réception au Québec et en France. La première partie retrace le développement d’activités consacrées à l’éthique publique à l’OCDE depuis les années 1990 et montre que la prise en compte de cette question constitue un frein aux réformes de l’État d’après le New Public Management. La deuxième partie met en évidence les barrières linguistiques, nationales, disciplinaires, culturelles, géopolitiques et géographiques, et professionnelles qui entravent les échanges scientifiques transnationaux dans ce domaine. La troisième partie souligne la convergence limitée des politiques québécoises et françaises d’éthique publique qui demeurent avant tout marquées par leur contexte national d’élaboration. L’analyse de la circulation de l’éthique publique révèle au final l’hybridation qui caractérise le bon gouvernement dans les pays de l’OCDE au XXIe siècleThe starting point of this PhD research is the growing interest in the ethics of public servants since the 1990s and the widespread recognition of the work done by the Organization for economic co-operation and development on that matter. Based on archives, interviews and participatory observation, this research analyzes the circulation of the OECD’s repertoire regarding public administration ethics. The latter refers to what good conduct of public servants means and how it should be managed according to the Organization which promotes various frameworks, standards, and instruments in this regard. The dissertation falls into three parts regarding the genesis of the OECD’s repertoire, the boundaries of the transnational circulation of knowledge fuelling this repertoire, and its reception in Québec and France. The first part studies the development of activities dedicated to public service ethics in the OECD since the 1990s. It shows that taking into account the ethical issue curbs the rise in New Public Management reforms. The second part highlights the language, national, disciplinary, cultural, geostrategic, geographical and professional barriers that hinder transnational scientific exchanges in the field of public ethics. The third part emphasizes the limited convergence between ethics policies in Québec and France since they depend mainly on the national context in which they are formulated. The study of public ethics’ circulations finally outlines the hybridization of good government in OECD countries in the 21ft century
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Quiquerez-Finkel, Isabelle. "Représentations et stratégies juridiques de migrants d'afrique noire en région parisienne et à Montréal". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010279.
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L'examen des représentations du droit et des modèles de comportements juridiques des migrants d'Afrique noire en région parisienne et à Montréal permet la mise en évidence des modalités d'insertion d'une communauté étrangère à sa société d'accueil. Ces modes d'insertion diffèrent radicalement des modes d'intégration envisagés par les pouvoirs publics et, double originalité, sont construits par les migrants eux-mêmes qui assument donc la prise en charge de leur propre insertion. Dans les communautés africaines, le dynamisme social est dépendant de la composition même de la communauté, dans la mesure où celle-ci est suffisament diversifiée pour permettre la reproduction des structures d'origine en y intégrant les décalages rendus necessaires par l'interaction avec la societé de résidence. L'emprise de traditions fortement structurées est, contrairement à l'intuition que l'on peut en avoir, un gage d'adaptabilité dans la mesure où, animées par des processus de mise en oeuvre souple et pluraux, ces traditions permettent l'incorporation, le métissage et où le détournement de procédures étrangères et des logiques juridiques qui les gouvernent, mais le droit n'est pas de nature exclusivement, il fait l'objet, aussi, d'un investissement émotionnel de la part des individus et des groupes qui s'appuient sur lui pour mettre au point leurs stratégies de changement social et leurs nouveaux modes de vie, l'attitude des migrants africains à l'egard du droit ne peut se comprendre, tant en région parisienne qu'à Montréal, sans cette reconnaissance de la dimension affective du droit.
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Cano, García Jordi. "Prediction of the effects of drugs on cardiac activity using computer simulations". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/164094.
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[ES] Las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo la principal causa de muerte en Europa. Las arritmias cardíacas son una causa importante de muerte súbita, pero sus mecanismos son complejos. Esto denota la importancia de su estudio y prevención. La investigación sobre electrofisiología cardíaca ha demostrado que las anomalías eléctricas causadas por mutaciones que afectan a canales cardíacos pueden desencadenar arritmias. Sorprendentemente, se ha descubierto una gran variedad de fármacos proarrítmicos, incluidos aquellos que usamos para prevenirlas. Las indicaciones de uso de fármacos actuales intentaron solucionar este problema diseñando una prueba para identificar aquellos fármacos que podían ser peligrosos basado en el bloqueo de un solo canal iónico. El estudio de las interacciones fármaco-canal ha revelado la existencia no sólo de compuestos que bloquean múltiples canales, sino también una gran complejidad en esas interacciones. Esto podría explicar por qué algunos medicamentos pueden mostrar efectos muy diferentes en la misma enfermedad. Existen dos desafíos importantes con respecto a los efectos de los fármacos en la electrofisiología cardíaca. Por un lado, las empresas y entidades reguladoras están buscando una herramienta de alto rendimiento que mejore la detección del potencial proarrítmico durante el desarrollo de fármacos. Por otro lado, los pacientes con anomalías eléctricas a menudo requieren tratamientos personalizados más seguros. Las simulaciones computacionales contienen un poder sin precedentes para abordar fenómenos biofísicos complejos. Deberían ser de utilidad a la hora de determinar las características que definen tanto los efectos beneficiosos como no deseados de los fármacos mediante la reproducción de datos experimentales y clínicos.
En esta tesis doctoral, se han utilizado modelos computacionales y simulaciones para dar respuesta a estos dos desafíos. El estudio de los efectos de los fármacos sobre la actividad cardíaca se dividió en el estudio de su seguridad y de su eficacia, respectivamente. Para dar respuesta al primer desafío, se adoptó un enfoque más amplio y se generó un nuevo biomarcador fácil de usar para la clasificación del potencial proarrítmico de los fármacos utilizando modelos del potencial de acción de células y tejidos cardíacos humanos. Se integró el bloqueo de múltiples canales a través de IC50 y el uso de concentraciones terapéuticas con el fin de mejorar el poder predictivo. Luego, se entrenó el biomarcador cuantificando el potencial proarrítmico de 84 fármacos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el biomarcador podría usarse para probar el potencial proarrítmico de nuevos fármacos. Respecto al segundo desafío, se adoptó un enfoque más específico y se buscó mejorar la terapia de pacientes con anomalías eléctricas cardíacas. Por lo tanto, se creó un modelo detallado de la mutación V411M del canal de sodio, causante del síndrome de QT largo, reproduciendo datos clínicos y experimentales. Se evaluaron los posibles efectos beneficiosos de ranolazina, a la par que se aportó información sobre los mecanismos que impulsan la efectividad de la flecainida. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, si bien ambos fármacos mostraron diferentes mecanismos de bloqueo de los canales de sodio, un tratamiento con ranolazina podría ser beneficioso en estos pacientes.[CA] Les malalties cardiovasculars continuen sent la principal causa de mort a Europa. Les arrítmies cardíaques són una causa important de mort sobtada, però els seus mecanismes són complexos. Això denota la importància del seu estudi i prevenció. La investigació sobre electrofisiologia cardíaca ha demostrat que les anomalies elèctriques que afecten a canals cardiacs poden desencadenar arrítmies. Sorprenentment, s'ha descobert una gran varietat de fàrmacs proarrítmics, inclosos aquells que utilitzem per a previndre-les. Les indicacions d'ús de fàrmacs actuals van intentar solucionar aquest problema dissenyant una prova per a identificar aquells fàrmacs que podien ser perillosos basada en el bloqueig d'un sol canal iònic. L'estudi de les interaccions fàrmac-canal ha revelat l'existència no sols de compostos que bloquegen múltiples canals, sinó també una gran complexitat en aquestes interaccions. Això podria explicar per què alguns medicaments poden mostrar efectes molt diferents en la mateixa malaltia. Existeixen dos desafiaments importants respecte als efectes dels fàrmacs en la electrofisiologia cardíaca. D'una banda, les empreses i entitats reguladores estan buscant una eina d'alt rendiment que millore la detecció del potencial proarrítmic durant el desenvolupament de fàrmacs. D'altra banda, els pacients amb anomalies elèctriques sovint requereixen tractaments personalitzats més segurs. Les simulacions computacionals contenen un poder sense precedents per a abordar fenòmens biofísics complexos. Haurien de ser d'utilitat a l'hora de determinar les característiques que defineixen tant els efectes beneficiosos com no desitjats dels fàrmacs mitjançant la reproducció de dades experimentals i clíniques. En aquesta tesi doctoral, s'han utilitzat models computacionals i simulacions per a donar resposta a aquests dos desafiaments. L'estudi dels efectes dels fàrmacs sobre l'activitat cardíaca es va dividir en l'estudi de la seva seguretat i la seva eficacia. Per a donar resposta al primer desafiament, es va adoptar un enfocament més ampli i es va generar un nou biomarcador fàcil d'usar per a la classificació del potencial proarrítmic dels fàrmacs utilitzant models del potencial d'acció de cèl·lules i teixits cardíacs humans. Es va integrar el bloqueig de múltiples canals a través d'IC50 i l'ús de concentracions terapèutiques amb la finalitat de millorar el poder predictiu. Després, es va entrenar el biomarcador quantificant el potencial proarrítmic de 84 fàrmacs. Els resultats obtinguts suggereixen que el biomarcador podria usar-se per a provar el potencial proarrítmic de nous fàrmacs. Respecte al segon desafiament, es va adoptar un enfocament més específic i es va buscar millorar la teràpia de pacients amb anomalies elèctriques cardíaques. Per tant, es va crear un model detallat de la mutació V411M del canal de sodi, causant de la síndrome de QT llarg, reproduint dades clíniques i experimentals. Es van avaluar els possibles efectes beneficiosos de ranolazina, a l'una que es va aportar informació sobre els mecanismes que impulsen l'efectivitat de la flecainida. Els resultats obtinguts suggereixen que, si bé tots dos fàrmacs van mostrar diferents mecanismes de bloqueig dels canals de sodi, un tractament amb ranolazina podria ser beneficiós en aquests pacients.
[EN] Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of death in Europe. Cardiac arrhythmias are an important cause of sudden death, but their mechanisms are complex. This denotes the importance of their study and prevention. Research on cardiac electrophysiology has shown that electrical abnormalities caused by mutations in cardiac channels can trigger arrhythmias. Surprisingly, a wide variety of drugs have also shown proarrhythmic potential, including those that we use to prevent arrhythmia. Current guidelines designed a test to identify dangerous drugs by assessing their blocking power on a single ion channel to address this situation. Study of drug-channel interactions has revealed not only compounds that block multiple channels but also a great complexity in those interactions. This could explain why similar drugs can show vastly different effects in some diseases. There are two important challenges regarding the effects of drugs on cardiac electrophysiology. On the one hand, companies and regulators are in search of a high throughput tool that improves proarrhythmic potential detection during drug development. On the other hand, patients with electrical abnormalities often require safer personalized treatments owing to their condition. Computer simulations provide an unprecedented power to tackle complex biophysical phenomena. They should prove useful determining the characteristics that define the drugs' beneficial and unwanted effects by reproducing experimental and clinical observations. In this PhD thesis, we used computational models and simulations to address the two abovementioned challenges. We split the study of drug effects on the cardiac activity into the study of their safety and efficacy, respectively. For the former, we took a wider approach and generated a new easy-to-use biomarker for proarrhythmic potential classification using cardiac cell and tissue human action potential models. We integrated multiple channel block through IC50s and therapeutic concentrations to improve its predictive power. Then, we quantified the proarrhythmic potential of 84 drugs to train the biomarker. Our results suggest that it could be used to test the proarrhythmic potential of new drugs. For the second challenge, we took a more specific approach and sought to improve the therapy of patients with cardiac electrical abnormalities. Therefore, we created a detailed model for the long QT syndrome-causing V411M mutation of the sodium channel reproducing clinical and experimental data. We tested the potential benefits of ranolazine, while giving insights into the mechanisms that drive flecainide's effectiveness. Our results suggest that while both drugs showed different mechanisms of sodium channel block, ranolazine could prove beneficial in these patients.
This PhD thesis was developed within the following projects: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) DPI2015-69125-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE): Simulación computacional para la predicción personalizada de los efectos de los fármacos sobre la actividad cardiaca. Dirección General de Política Científica de la Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEU2016/088): “Modelos computacionales personalizados multiescala para la optimización del diagnóstico y tratamiento de arritmias cardiacas (personalised digital heart). Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia de la Universitat Politècnica de València, Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigación (PAID-06-18), and by Memorial Nacho Barberá. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (La Fe Biobank PT17/0015/0043).
Cano García, J. (2021). Prediction of the effects of drugs on cardiac activity using computer simulations [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164094
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Miranda, Paulo Itapura de. "Incorporação de atributos socioambientais na inovação em insumos químicos: uma análise em indústria química fornecedora do setor de mineração". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24747.
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A mineração de metais é uma atividade com elevado potencial de impacto socioambiental. Com a ocorrência de incidentes com grandes repercussões, como o que aconteceu em Mariana (MG), em novembro de 2015, com o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão, as notícias sobre as mineradoras e seus impactos passaram a ser ainda mais visíveis ao público em geral, pela ampla cobertura dos meios de comunicação e pelas sérias repercussões em um grande número de comunidades, em pelo menos dois estados da federação. Dentro desse cenário, este estudo busca analisar a cadeia de suprimentos da mineração sob a perspectiva de uma empresa fornecedora de insumos químicos, buscando identificar como as inovações socioambientais são incorporadas por esta cadeia, fazendo-se uso da metodologia de pesquisa-ação, que possibilita ao pesquisador trabalhar como agente e observador, já que é funcionário de empresa fornecedora de insumos químicos para esse mercado, e realizar intervenção em caso específico. O ambiente de diálogo da intervenção permitiu a criação conjunta de conhecimento, aprofundou o entendimento sobre a cadeia de suprimentos de mineração e sobre as potencialidades do método de pesquisa-ação. Ao longo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi possível fazer observações sobre os mecanismos de incorporação de inovações socioambientais ao mesmo tempo em que foram buscadas formas de aprimoramento da competitividade da empresa fornecedora com produtos e um racional comerciais aprimorados conforme os achados do estudo. A pesquisa mostrou que o mercado de mineração industrial de metais mostra receptividade às inovações socioambientais, tenham sido elas demandadas pelas indústrias mineradoras, propostas pelos fornecedores ou ainda desenvolvidas de forma colaborativa entre elas. A intervenção na empresa (ação) proporcionou à fornecedora ferramentas corporativas para melhora do repertório de atributos socioambientais, utilizado pelas equipes comerciais, e suas formas de utilização quando das negociações com clientes. Um exemplo de aplicação da intervenção serviu para demonstrar que a valoração econômico-financeira dos atributos socioambientais é fator importante de sucesso na melhoria de competitividade da fornecedora.
The mining of metals is an activity with high potential of social and environmental impact. Mining of metals sector suffered from the occurrence of incidents with major repercussions, such as what happened in Mariana (MG) in November 2015, with the rupture of the Fundão tailings dam. The news about the mining companies and their impacts became even more visible to the public in general, by the wide coverage of the media and the serious repercussions in a large number of communities in at least two states of the federation. Within this scenario, this study seeks to analyze the mining supply chain from the perspective of a supplier of chemical inputs, seeking to identify how this chain incorporates social-environmental innovations. The present study makes use of the methodology of action research, which enables to the researcher to work as an agent and observer, since he is an employee of a company that supplies chemical inputs for this market, and to intervene in a specific case. The atmosphere of dialogue of the intervention allowed the joint creation of knowledge deepening the understanding about the supply chain of mining and about the potentialities of the method of action research. Throughout this research work, it was possible to make observations on the mechanisms of incorporation of socio-environmental innovations while seeking ways to improve the competitiveness of the supplier company with improved products and rationales as the study finds. The research showed that the market of industrial metal mining shows receptivity to socio-environmental innovations, whether they were demanded by the mining industries, proposed by suppliers or even developed in a collaborative way among them. The intervention in the company (action) provided the supplier with corporate tools to improve the repertoire of socio-environmental attributes used by commercial teams and their use when negotiating with customers. An example of application of the intervention served to demonstrate that the economic-financial valuation of socio-environmental attributes is an important factor of success in improving the supplier's competitiveness.
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Guimond, Laurie. "Lorsque les nouvelles populations rurales rencontrent les plus anciennes : l’expérience géographique au cœur de la nouvelle ruralité au Québec". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20585.
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Mobilité, désir d’accéder à une meilleure qualité de vie, attraction de la campagne s’accélèrent depuis une trentaine d’années au Québec, comme ailleurs en occident. La campagne et les usages que l’on en fait se diversifient et se complexifient, à l’instar des populations qui l’habitent. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse se penche sur l’expérience géographique de la campagne, en tant qu’espace social. Elle met en lumière l’expérience géographique des ruraux, plus particulièrement les modalités de leur rencontre dans divers lieux qui marquent leur quotidien. Le matériel empirique de la thèse consiste surtout en des témoignages recueillis lors d’entrevues qualitatives menées auprès de nouveaux résidents et des ruraux de longue date dans deux municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) contrastées au Québec : Brome-Missisquoi et Arthabaska. La démarche privilégiée et les principales contributions qui en découlent se déclinent en trois temps.
D’abord, une comparaison directe des deux populations rurales étudiées fait ressortir que leurs pratiques de mobilité et leurs sens des lieux se rejoignent dans une certaine mesure, mais affichent aussi des différences. Par exemple, elles partagent toutes deux un sentiment d’appartenance marqué à leur milieu de vie, mais pas nécessairement avec la même intensité et pour les mêmes raisons. En outre, leurs pratiques d’engagement local convergent, favorisées par un même désir de contribuer au bien-être de leur milieu.
La thèse démontre aussi que certains lieux de sociabilité rapprochent ces deux groupes au quotidien, quoique subsistent des tensions notamment liées à leurs origines rurale ou urbaine, leur classe sociale, leurs expériences antérieures des lieux, la durée vécue dans leur milieu de vie, leur historique familial, leurs représentations et usages de la campagne... Se décèle aussi un effet de milieu entre les deux MRC à cet égard. Dans l’ensemble, leur rencontre s’avère timide et surtout réservée à l’espace public.
Enfin, en se basant sur leurs représentations de l’avenir, la thèse illustre que l’espace de leur rencontre représente un espace d’opportunités pour le dialogue sur la campagne, bien que celui-ci ne se produise pas sans affrontements et heurts. Ainsi, au-delà du binarisme traditionnel et antagonique lié aux statuts de « nouveaux » et « anciens » ruraux, l’espace de rencontre, celui à l’intérieur duquel s’opèrent à la fois tensions, négociations, compromis et nouvelles alliances, participe à construire la nouvelle ruralité contemporaine.
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Lindqvist-McGowan, Angelica. "From the Ashes of Scorched Earth : The role of procedural justice, provision of promised benefits, and respectful and dignified treatment on perceived truth commission legitimacy". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384534.
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