Literatura académica sobre el tema "Canada Mountaineering"

Mountain guides play an important role in the provision of nature-based tourism activities, such as mountaineering, in alpine environments around the world. However, these locales are uniquely sensitive to climate change, and despite extensive documentation of bio-geophysical changes, there are few studies evaluating the impacts of these changes on mountaineering routes and the livelihood of mountain guides. This constrains adaptation planning and limits awareness of potential loss and damage in the mountain tourism sector. In response, our study explored mountain guides’ lived experiences of working on Mt. Athabasca in Jasper National Park, Canada, to reveal the effects of climate change on mountaineering routes and implications for the mountain guiding community. To do this, we used a mixed methods approach that combined spatio-temporal trend analysis, repeat photography, and semi-structured interviews with mountain guides. We found that rising temperatures and changing precipitation regimes in the Mt. Athabasca area are driving glacial retreat and loss of semi-permanent snow and ice, which is impacting climbing conditions and objective hazards on mountaineering and guiding routes. Guides’ experiences of these changes varied according to socio-economic conditions (e.g., financial security, livelihood flexibility), with late-career guides tending to experience loss of guiding opportunities and early-career guides facing increased pressure to provide services in more challenging conditions. Our findings offer novel insights that identify salient issues and bolster support for actions in response to the concerns of the mountain guide community. This study also underscores the need for further research, as the underlying issues are likely present in mountaineering destinations globally.

Abstract Through the 1920s, hydro development proposals for irrigation and power dams impinged on Canada's national parks in the Rockies. The Alpine Club of Canada — a mountaineering organization formed in 1906 — rallied opposition to dams and insisted that national parks were an inviolable public domain. National Parks Commissioner J.B. Harkin and ACC Director A.O. Wheeler created an alliance that highlighted the club's role as a key interest group and recreational stakeholder with a shared vision of the mountain parks. Conflicts over dams in Rocky Mountains and Waterton Lakes national parks were politically and philosophically compared to the great battle of the “Hetch Hetchy” aqueduct in California.

The article deals with the problems of training specialists for active types of tourism in the context of the formation of their professional experience. The forms and methods of formation and correction of situational formalization of professional experience in the world’s leading training systems are analyzed. In particular: the training of adventure tourism guides at the universities of Canada and New Zealand, as well as certified IFMGA / UIAGM / IVBV mountain guide training.The article analyzes the existing systems of sports and tourist, and mountaineering training, which were methodically developed and formed in the USSR. It is shown that these programs have limited effectiveness in terms of the situational diversity of experience formation at the stage of sports growth of tourists and climbers. At the same time, it is precisely the insufficient variety of situational design of experience that is the reason for the emergence of the “extreme situation” factor. It is shown that the negative impact of the “extreme situation” factor can manifest itself either in the form of erroneous actions that affect the safety or in the form of depletion of the body’s functional reserves or even damaging effects from excessive compensatory mechanisms of the adaptive response.The article analyzes the results of the implementation of preparation for complex combined trips in the Arctic, based on the author’s method of purposeful formation of a diverse situationally designed hiking experience.It is shown that the implemented author’s technique made it possible to exclude the occurrence of the “extreme situation” effect among the participants, despite the impact of strong and prolonged stress factors during difficult hikes.In addition, the applied methodology made it possible to avoid the shortcomings of the traditional system of training in hiking tourism and significantly reduce the time for the formation of universal high-class sportsmen-tourists by at least half.
 Keywords: sports and tourism training; mountain guide; adventure tourism guide; professional experience; individual professional experience; situational design of experience; factor of “extreme situation”; category of difficulty; combined hike.