Tesis sobre el tema "CALIPSO (satellite de télédétection)"
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Zabukovec, Antonin. "Apport des mesures de la plateforme CALIPSO pour l’étude des sources et des propriétés optiques des aérosols en Sibérie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS393.
Texto completoKnowledge of the distribution and physico-chemical properties of aerosol particles in the troposphere has been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the main source of uncertainty in the study of climate change. Characterization of the types, optical properties and vertical distribution of aerosols at the regional scale is needed to reduce this source of uncertainty and some areas such as Siberia are still poorly documented. Aerosol concentrations in Siberia depend on natural sources, such as seasonal forest fires or northward transport of desert dust, but also on anthropogenic sources such as those from hydrocarbon mining areas or long-range transport of emissions from northern China. In order to contribute to the improvement of this characterization of aerosol sources in Siberia, we first analyzed the measurements of two airborne campaigns carried out over distances of several thousand km in July 2013 and June 2017. The aircraft was equipped with a back-scattering lidar at 532 nm, as well as in-situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC) and aerosol size distributions. These observations were studied in synergy with those of the CALIOP spaceborne lidar and the MODIS and IASI missions. The altitude range of the aerosol layers and the role of age on the optical properties (optical thickness (AOD532), depolarization, color ratio) are discussed for each type of aerosol. The results of a flight over the gas extraction regions corresponded to the highest AOD532 and higher BC concentrations than the emissions from urban areas and allowed an estimation of the lidar ratio of these aerosol plumes poorly documented in the literature. The second part of the work consisted in proposing an alternative to the indirect restitution of the AOD532 by the CALIOP instrument from the inversion of the attenuated back-scattering lidar signal. This method uses the surface reflectance of the CALIOP lidar signal and has already been used over oceans or optically opaque liquid water clouds to calculate an AOD value. In this work, we have thus developed and evaluated an AOD restitution from the CALIOP surface reflectance for continental areas. Two methodologies were used to determine the surface lidar reflectance not attenuated by aerosols: (i) selection of CALIOP observations under clear sky conditions over 7 years of observation (ii) extrapolation of the linearity relationship between attenuated surface lidar reflectance and atmospheric transmission. If these two methods give good results in areas of low surface lidar reflectance (< 0.75sr-1), the first method is not usable in desert areas. The use of these LIDAR AOD measured directly over continental surfaces improves the bias (|ME| < 0.034) and dispersion (< 0.145) compared to MODIS observations. This greatly improves the results of the CALIOP-MODIS comparisons obtained with the indirect restitution of the AODs an analysis of the vertical profiles of attenuated lidar backscatter with a bias < 0.174 and dispersion < 0.234
Nam, Christine C. W., Johannes Quaas, Roel Neggers, Drian Colombe Siegenthaler-Le y Francesco Isotta. "Evaluation of boundary layer cloud parameterizations in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using CALIPSO and CloudSat satellite data". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-177343.
Texto completoNavy, Patrice. "Recalage semi-dense d'images satellite". Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0186.
Texto completoThis work is about satellite images matching. Our method is based on the matching of the clusters of extracted points in the images. We chose to match these clusters in their globality by a geometrical approach. For that, we define a cost function which evaluates the homography quality and we optimize this function with a simulated annealing method on the homography parameters. The search for this solution is not easy when these parameters are the mathematical coefficients of the homography. Thus, on the idea that a small variation of these coefficients can involve a larger variation of the capture conditions, we preferred to set up an homography model based on the capture parameters. We show that the use of these "physical parameters" facilitates the homography research as a solution to our matching method. Then, we characterize our matching method under several angles. Firstly, we study the success rate of our method according to the number of points present in a cluster without correspondent in the other cluster. This study gives us the percentage of these "outliers points" which is acceptable for our method. Secondly, we search a detector of points giving such a percentage by using our matching problem constraints. To finish, we present two examples of images matching with real couples of satellite images
Gullström, Cecilia. "Use of Satellite Data for Prediction of Weather Impact on EO-Systems". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152284.
Texto completoAtt förutsäga prestandan hos ett elektro-optiskt sensorsystem (EO-system) kräver att man tar hänsyn till bland annat förhållandet i atmosfären. Möjligheten att använda väderdata från satelliter istället för mark- och flygstationer har undersökts. Det hittades nästan 170 satelliter (cirka 10% av de fungerande satelliterna i omloppsbana) med inriktning på atmosfär- och väderövervakning. En metod för att välja ut satellitdata har skapats som baseras på tre kriterier: (1) satelliten ska ha minst ett instrument som mäter en väderparameter för EO-system, (2) man ska, från internet, kunna ladda ner mätdata från det specifika instrumentet och (3) satelliten ska passera över ett område som är av intresse för en potentiell användare. Den prestandaegenskap som har undersökts är räckvidden, som påverkas av flera väderparametrar, där fokus har legat på inverkan från aerosoler. Medelvärdet för extinktionskoefficienten av aerosoler, för dag och natt i december 2016, från satelliten CALIPSO’s lidarinstrument Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) laddades ner från www.earthdata.nasa.gov och användes i en nyutvecklad applikation för att förutsäga räckvidden hos ett EO-system. Från satellitens mätningar i december 2016 kunde man se att förekomsten av aerosoler mestadels befann sig, globalt sett, uppdelat i olika lager under 5 km höjd och att koncentrationen av aerosoler är högre på natten i lokala områden. Applikationens beräkningar visade att förekomsten av aerosoler påverkade räckvidden för exempel våglängdsbandet 0.9–2.5 µm med en försämring upp till 87% när EO-systemet befann sig i ett skikt av aerosoler. Applikationen för att förutsäga räckvidden hos EO-system är i dess begynnelse och kräver vidareutveckling av både väder- och scenparametrar för att det ska bli ett framgångsrikt verktyg.
Nam, Christine C. W., Johannes Quaas, Roel Neggers, Drian Colombe Siegenthaler-Le y Francesco Isotta. "Evaluation of boundary layer cloud parameterizations in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using CALIPSO and CloudSat satellite data". American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13458.
Texto completoBernardo, Frédéric. "Télédétection satellite micro-onde de variables atmosphériques et de surface". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066051.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is the joint retrieval of atmospheric profiles and surface properties over land and ocean from satellite microwave observations. Our retrieval method is based on neural networks. This technique is very general and can be easily extended to various instrumental configurations. The development of the algorithm for the preparation of the Megha-Tropiques mission relied on AMSR-E and HSB instrument on Aqua and AMSU/A and MHS on MetOp. The method is parameterized with ECMWF analysis and simulations with a radiative transfer model. Over land, the strong contribution of the surface requires the use of a microwave emissivity estimator, TELSEM. It is developed from SSM/I observations and integrated as an official module in the radiative transfer model RTTOV. An innovative calibration approach for satellite observations, necessary before any inversion, is developed and greatly improves the retrievals. A full operational chain is proposed for AQUA, METOP and Megha-Tropiques platforms. The retrieval of water vapor profiles from microwave observations performs as well over land and ocean, for clear and cloudy conditions. A thorough validation of the results is performed using a global base of radiosondes. In a second phase, a similar approach is used for the study of an instrument concept, Microwat, for the retrieval of ocean surface temperature from microwave observations, under clear and cloudy conditions, with a high spatial resolution. This new instrument is studied by ESA
Nam, Christine C. W. y Johannes Quaas. "Evaluation of clouds and precipitation in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using CALIPSO and CloudSat satellite data". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-177621.
Texto completoNam, Christine C. W. y Johannes Quaas. "Evaluation of clouds and precipitation in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using CALIPSO and CloudSat satellite data". American Meteorological Society, 2012. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13468.
Texto completoPébayle, Josée. "L'Intérêt en géographie des données du satellite Spot (à partir de simulations)". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010536.
Texto completoVernier, Jean-Paul. "Les aérosols et le transport dans la haute troposphère et la stratosphère tropicale à partir des mesures du lidar spatial CALIPSO". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0006.
Texto completoThis PhD work deals with the study of stratospheric aerosols and transport processes responsible for their time evolution from the first two years observations of the CALIOP lidar carried on the French-US CALIPSO satellite launched in May 2006. Aerosols retrieval algorithms developed have shown: a) the impact of medium-scale volcanic eruptions which represent an important source of aerosols in the stratosphere, ignored until now; b) the decoupling of the mid- and lower stratosphere at 20km separated by a region of zero vertical velocity, surmounted by the slow ascent of the Brewer-Dobson circulation modulated by the Quasi-Biennal Oscillation; c) the injection of clean air until 20km in the equatorial region during the boreal winter, likely washed out in the troposphere and rapidly transport in the most convective regions located above the tropical continents of the south hemisphere. D) the occurrence of aerosols between 15 and 18km above West Africa and Asia during their respective monsoon season, which could be small mineral dust lifted by convection from Sahara and Gobi deserts
Yang, Tai-Feng. "Télédétection multi-satellite des propriétés des systèmes convectifs de l'Océan Indien : observation pendant la mousson d'hiver". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPXX0020.
Texto completoBrisset, Laurence. "La calotte est Antarctique observée par l'altimètre ERS-1 : aspects stationnaire et dynamique". Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077178.
Texto completoJang, Jae-Dong. "Evaluation of thermal-water stress of forest in southern Québec from satellite images". Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21726/21726.pdf.
Texto completoThe thermal-water stress of the vegetation canopy was evaluated for southern region Québec from SPOT VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA AVHRR images, and for the 1999 and 2000 reproduction seasons. To retrieve surface temperatures from AVHRR images, the algorithm of Coll et al. (1994b) was found to be the optimal method for our study area by comparing six algorithms. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were trained for cloud detection on daily synthesis (S1) and P data of the SPOT VGT system. The analysis demonstrated the superior classification of the network over the standard cloud masks provided with the data. The network detected not only bright thick clouds but also thin or darker clouds. As another application study, ANNs were employed for estimating air temperatures. The input variables for the networks were the five bands of the AVHRR image, surface altitude, the solar zenith angle, and Julian day. The network using all the input data provided the best results, with 22 nodes in the hidden layer. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were derived from SPOT VGT for evaluating vegetation water status and surface temperature was retrieved from AVHRR for the thermal status. The two vegetation indices were integrated for evaluating the vegetation condition and water status as a new index, namely the Normalized Moisture Index (NMI). A trapezoid was defined by the NMI and by surface temperature and the thermal-water status of the vegetation canopy was determined according to the four sectors of the trapezoid. The thermal-water status was validated by comparing it with the indices of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System.
Jean, Isabelle. "Contrôle autonome d'orbite pour un satellite de télédétection utilisant la propulsion faible". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1253.
Texto completoBuzzi, Aurora. "DEMETER Satellite data analysis of seismo-electromagnetic signals". Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2014.
Texto completoDelanoë, Julien. "Modèle inverse et algorithmique pour exploiter la synergie radar-lidar dans les missions en tandem CLOUDSAT et Calipso ou dans la mission EARTH-CARE". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0026.
Texto completoRegarding climate change, direct and indirect effects of the non precipitating ice clouds are essential contributors to the earth radiation balance. The cloud properties are however still not well documented. Therefore, during this PhD we have developed radar and radar/lidar methods in order to document the microphysical and radiative properties of the non precipitating clouds. Using the new radar method (RadOn) we have developed and discussed a cloud climatology over three European sites in the framework of the European CloudNET project. We have also compared the climatology results to the representation of clouds in four European weather forecast models. In the framework of the preparation of the future spatial missions, CloudSat/Calipso and EarthCare
Djamai, Najib. "Exploitation des images satellitaires Modis-Terra pour la caractérisation des états de surface : cas de la Tunisie". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27678/27678.pdf.
Texto completoRENOUARD, LAURENT. "Restitution automatique du relief a partir de couples stereoscopiques d'images du satellite spot". Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EPXX0023.
Texto completoDeschamps-Berger, César. "Apport de la photogrammétrie satellite pour la modélisation du manteau neigeux". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30044.
Texto completoMountain snowpack is a major resource for ecosystems and human activities. It supplies water for crop irrigation, human consumption, hydropower industries and the tourism sector. It is also a cause of damage in avalanche prone areas. The monitoring and study of mountain snowpack usually rely on field measurement networks, close range remote sensing and modeling. Recent improvements in satellite photogrammetry provide an alternative to measure the high spatial variability of the snowpack, which cannot be sampled by automatic networks. The results presented here, contribute to improve the mapping of snow-depth in mountains with satellite photogrammetry, a key variable for hydrology and risk assessment. Snow-depth maps from pairs and triplets of stereo images of the Pléiades satellite are calculated at several sites. The comparison with a reference snow-depth map measured with airborne lidar in California (USA), provides a robust estimation of the satellite products error. At the 3 m pixel scale, the standard error is about 0.7 m. The error decreases to 0.3 m when the snow-depth maps are averaged over areas greater than 103 m2. With this accuracy, Pléiades snow-depth maps allow the observation of the processes modeling mountain snowpack (wind transport, avalanche), the measurement of the snow volume over a 100 km2 area and the description of the spatial variability of the snowpack. The assimilation of such satellite snow-depth maps in the SAFRAN-Crocus snowpack model, resulted in promising outcomes for a mountainous catchment in the Pyrenees. A particle filter is used on a regular grid with 250 m spacing over five winters with one assimilation date per winter, near peak accumulation. The assimilation corrects an underestimation of the precipitation in the meteorological forcings. It also introduces spatial variability otherwise lacking in the forcings and the processes modeled. This innovative use of satellite products and complex spatial modeling, could help address the challenge of estimating snow distribution in the world's mountains
Albarelo, Tommy. "Estimation de l'Irradiation Solaire sur le Plateau des Guyanes : apport de la Télédétection Satellite". Thesis, Guyane, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016YANE0008/document.
Texto completoKnowledge of solar radiation, or solar irradiation, at Earth’s surface is of great interest in many fields. However, the development of systems using solar energy need spatially and temporally dense data on solar radiation, sufficiently accurate to simulate, design, generate and optimize the operation of these systems.The main objective of this thesis is to design and develop a method to assess solar irradiation applicable on intertropical regions. The works of the first part focus on the search of a methodological solution to assess solar irradiation on the northern part of the South American continent (Guiana Shield) with a high temporal and spatial resolution and accuracy on the same level of other operational methods under other climates. In the second part, we propose to improve the solar irradiation assessments obtained in the first part, notably those done in cloudy sky. The Guiana Shield being a zone strongly affected by the ITCZ and with recurrent cloudy periods, it appeared necessary to us to complete the changes brought to the original method by introducing a modeling of the cloudy sky. In the third part, we propose to produce maps of indicators by using the assessments of solar irradiation obtained with the modified Heliosat-2 method. Finally, we conclude on the advances obtained in terms of knowledge on solar irradiation and its exploitability on the Guiana Shield
Ringard, Justine. "Estimation des précipitations sur le plateau des Guyanes par l'apport de la télédétection satellite". Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0010/document.
Texto completoThe Guiana Shield is a region that is characterized by 90% of a primary rainforest and about 20% of the world’s freshwater reserves. This natural territory, with its vast hydrographic network, shows annual rainfall intensities up to 4000 mm/year; making this plateau one of the most watered regions in the world. In addition, tropical rainfall is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variability. In addition to climate-related aspects, the impact of rainfall in this region of the world is significant in terms of energy supply (hydroelectric dams). It is therefore important to develop tools to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively and at high spatial and temporal resolution the precipitation in this area. However, this vast geographical area is characterized by a network of poorly developed and heterogeneous rain gauges, which results in a lack of knowledge of the precise spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and their dynamics.The work carried out in this thesis aims to improve the knowledge of precipitation on the Guiana Shield by using Satellite Precipitation Product (SPP) data that offer better spatial and temporal resolution in this area than the in situ measurements, at the cost of poor quality in terms of precision.This thesis is divided into 3 parts. The first part compares the performance of four products of satellite estimates on the study area and attempts to answer the question : what is the quality of these products in the Northern Amazon and French Guiana in spatial and time dimensions ? The second part proposes a new SPP bias correction technique that proceeds in three steps: i) using rain gauges measurements to decompose the studied area into hydro climatic areas ii) parameterizing a bias correction method called quantile mapping on each of these areas iii) apply the correction method to the satellite data for each hydro-climatic area. We then try to answer the following question : does the parameterization of the quantile mapping method on different hydro-climatic areas make it possible to correct the precipitation satellite data on the study area ? After showing the interest of taking into account the different rainfall regimes to implement the QM correction method on SPP data, the third part analyzes the impact of the temporal resolution of the precipitation data used on the quality of the correction and the spatial extent of potentially correctable SPP data (SPP data on which the correction method can be applied effectively). In summary, the objective of this section is to evaluate the ability of our method to correct on a large spatial scale the bias of the TRMM-TMPA 3B42V7 data in order to make the exploitation of this product relevant for different hydrological applications.This work made it possible to correct the daily satellite series with high spatial and temporal resolution on the Guiana Shield using a new approach that uses the definition of hydro-climatic areas. The positive results in terms of reduction of the bias and the RMSE obtained, thanks to this new approach, makes possible the generalization of this new method in sparselygauged areas
Lorenzi, Luca. "Development of an Innovative System for the Reconstruction of New Generation Satellite Images". Télécom Bretagne, 2012. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13289.
Texto completoRemote sensing satellites have demonstrated to be a helpful instrument. Indeed, satellite images have been successfully exploited to deal with several applications including environmental monitoring and prevention of natural disasters. In the last years, the increasing of the availability of very high spatial resolution (VHR) remote sensing images resulted in new potentially relevant applications related to land cover control and environmental management. In particular, optical sensors, due to the fact that they acquire directly the reflected light from the sun, they may suffer from the presence of clouds in the sky and/or of shadows on the earth. This involves the problem of missing data, which may results an important and crucial problem especially in the case of VHR images, where their higher geometrical details induce to bigger lost of information. In this thesis, new methodologies of detection and reconstruction of missing data region in VHR images are proposed and applied on areas contaminated by the presence of clouds and/or shadows. In particular, the proposed methodological contributions include: i) a multiresolution inpainting strategy to reconstruct cloud-contaminated images; ii) a new combination of radiometric information and spatial position information in two specific kernels to perform a better reconstruction of cloud-contaminated regions by adopting a support vector regression (SVR) method; iii) the exploitation of compressive sensing theory adopting three different strategies (orthogonal matching pursuit, basis pursuit and a genetic algorithm solution) for the reconstruction of cloud-contaminated images; iv) a complete processing chain which exploits a support vector machine (SVM) classification for the detection and a linear regression for the reconstruction of specific shadow areas; and v) several evaluation criteria capable to assess the reconstructability of shadow areas. All of them are specifically developed to work with VHR images. Experimental results conducted on real data are reported in order to show and confirm the validity of all the proposed methods. They all suggest that, despite the complexity of the problems, it is possible to recover in a good way missing areas obscured by clouds or shadows
Kolassa, Jana. "Soil moisture retrieval from multi-instrument satellite observations". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066392.
Texto completoIn this thesis, a neural network based retrieval algorithm has been developed to compute surface soil moisture from a combination of microwave, infrared and visible satellite obser- vations. A global estimate of monthly mean soil moisture values has been computed for the period 1993-2000 and is provided on an equal-area grid with an equatorial resolution of 0. 25◦. This soil moisture estimate has been evaluated against modelled, remotely sensed and in situ observations and was found to perform well on different spatial and temporal scales. An information content showed that each of the various satellite observations con- tributes information about a different soil moisture variation, with the active microwave data being more sensitive to the temporal evolution and the thermal infrared data better capturing the spatial patterns. Furthermore, a synergy analysis revealed that the combina- tion of all observations permits a reduction of the retrieval uncertainty by more than 18% and that the neural network methodology optimally exploits the synergy of observations compared to other approaches. A joint analysis of various remotely sensed datasets of ter- restrial water cycle components demonstrated the coherence of the retrieved soil moisture with other retrieval products and with global hydrological processes. This underlined its potential to be used for observation-based studies of the terrestrial water cycle. Finally, it has been shown that the proposed neural network methodology also provides an effective tool to evaluate Earth System Models on both a variable and a process basis
Chakroun, Meriem. "La variabilité des nuages et son rôle sur le climat en Europe : télédétection et simulation régionale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV067/document.
Texto completoWe characterize the seasonal and inter-annual variabilities of the clouds fraction profiles in both observations and simulation since they are critical to better assess the impact of clouds on climate variability. The spaceborne lidar onboard CALIPSO, providing cloud vertical profiles since 2006, is used together with a 23-year WRF simulation at 20 km resolution. A lidar simulator helps to compare consistently model with observations. The bias in observations due to the satellite under-sampling is first estimated. Then we examine the vertical variability of both occurrence and properties of clouds. It results that observations indicate a similar occurrence of low and high clouds over continent, and more high than low clouds over the sea except in summer. The simulation shows an overestimate (underestimate) of high (low) clouds comparing to observations, especially in summer. However the seasonal variability of the cloud vertical profiles is well captured by WRF. Concerning inter-annual variability, observations show that in winter, it is twice more important for high clouds than for low clouds, which is well simulated. In summer, the observed inter-annual variability is vertically more homogeneous while the model still simulates more variability for high clouds than for low clouds. The good behavior of the simulation in winter allows us to use the 23 years of simulation and 8 years of observations to estimate the time period required to characterize the natural variability of the cloud fraction profile in winter, i.e the time period required to detect significant anomalies and trends
Pandey, Rajesh Kumar. "Étude des bassins fluviaux en Inde par télédétection". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2406/.
Texto completoRemote sensing is considered as an important tool to study continental hydrology. Remote sensing observations are used for estimating water level variations in rivers, lakes and flood plains, for mapping of inundation and wetlands and monitoring the spatio-temporal variation of water masses on regional (i. E. At basins scale) to global scale. The objective of this thesis is to analyze observations from various types of satellite missions: radar altimetry, satellite imagery and satellite gravimetry. Satellite Altimetry is used for water stage estimation over inland water bodies. The derived water stage can be used for river discharge estimation, and deriving the river slopes. Altimetry observation combined with satellite imagery is used for determination of surface water volume in flooded zones. In this thesis, altimetry observations are used to derive the water stages in major Indian rivers. Discharge of Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers into Bay of Bengal is also derived. Satellite imagery is used to analyze the flooding in Ganga basin. Altimetry derived result and MODIS imagery are used together in North Bihar in Ganga basin to study the flood dynamics of Kosi. GRACE observations are also used to study the variation of total water storage in the Ganga river basin
Al-Yaari, Amen Mohammed. "Global-scale evaluation of a hydrological variable measured from space : SMOS satellite remote sensing soil moisture products". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066678.pdf.
Texto completoSoil moisture (SM) plays a key role in meteorology, hydrology, and ecology as it controls the evolution of various hydrological and energy balance processes. The community of scientists involved in the field of microwave remote sensing has made considerable efforts to build accurate estimates of surface SM (SSM), and global SSM datasets derived from active and passive microwave instruments have recently become available. Among them, SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched in 2009, was the first ever passive satellite specifically designed to measure the SSM, at L-band (1.4 GHz), at the global scale. Validation of the SMOS SSM datasets over different climatic regions and environmental conditions is extremely important and a necessary step before they can be used. A better knowledge of the skill and uncertainties of the SSM retrievals will help not only to improve the individual products, but also to optimize the fusion schemes required to create long-term multi-sensor products, like the essential climate variable (ECV) SSM product generated within the European Space Agency’s (ESA's) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program. After the introductory Chapters I to III, this dissertation consists of three main parts. Chap. IV of the dissertation evaluates the passive SMOS level 3 (SMOSL3) SSM products at L-band against the passive AMSR-E SSM at C-band by comparing them with a Land Data Assimilation System estimates (SM-DAS-2) produced by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). This was achieved over the common period 2010-2011 between SMOS and AMSR-E, using classical metrics (Correlation, RMSD, and Bias). In parallel, Chap. V of the dissertation evaluates the passive SMOSL3 products against the active ASCAT SSM at C-band by comparing them with land surface model simulations (MERRA-Land) using classical metrics, advanced statistical methods (triple collocation), and the Hovmöller diagram over the period 2010-2012. These two evaluations indicated that vegetation density (parameterized here by the leaf area index LAI) is a key factor to interpret the consistency between SMOS and the other remotely sensed products. This effect of the vegetation has been quantified for the first time at the global scale for the three microwave sensors. These two chapters also showed that both SMOS and ASCAT (AMSR-E) had complementary performances and, thus, have a potential for datasets fusion into long-term SSM records. In Chap. VI of the dissertation, with the general purpose to extend back the SMOSL3 SSM time series and to produce an homogeneous SM product over 2003-2014 based on SMOS and AMSR-E, we investigated the use of a multiple linear regression model based on bi-polarization (horizontal and vertical) brightness temperatures (TB) observations obtained from AMSR-E (2003 - 2011). The regression coefficients were calibrated using SMOSL3 SSM as a reference over the 2010-2011 period. The resulting merged SSM dataset was evaluated against an AMSR-E SSM retrievals and modelled SSM products (MERRA-Land) over 2007-2009. These first results show that the multi-linear regression method is a robust and simple approach to produce a realistic SSM product in terms of temporal variation and absolute values. In conclusion, this PhD showed that the potential synergy between the passive (AMSR-E and SMOS) and active (ASCAT) microwave systems at global scale is very promising for the development of improved, long-term SSM time series at global scale, such as those pursued by the ESA’s CCI program. It also provides new ideas on the way to merge the different SSM datasets with the aim of producing the CCI (phase 2) long-term series (a coherent "SMOS-AMSR-E" SSM time series for the period 2003 -2014), that will be evaluated further in the framework of on-going ESA projects
Yang, Taifeng. "Télédétection Multi-satellite des Propriétés des Systèmes Convectifs de l'Océan Indien ; Observation pendant la Mousson d'Hiver". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002121.
Texto completoPapazzoni, Mathieu. "Caractérisation des propriétés microphysiques et radiatives des nuages de glaces dans la Mousson d'Afrique de l'Ouest à partir de données aéroportées et satellite (AMMA)". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0049.
Texto completoTo improve our knowledge of cloud processes is crucial to reduce errors due to the representation of clouds in current climate predictions and for numerical weather prediction. That is why the complex contribution of ice clouds to the water and radiative budgets needs to be clarified. In this framework this work strives to characterize ice cloud properties in the West-African monsoon system at different scales. In the first part a local study is carried out with data from the airborne cloud radar RASTA. Dynamical properties are obtained with a method specifically developed for this instrument. The contrast between land and ocean is also investigated with this data. The second part exploits a regional view of the phenomenon. Annual and monthly climatologies are developed with satellite data from CloudSat and CALIPSO in order to characterize the statistical properties of ice clouds and the dominant microphysical processes as a function of height. The characterization of the spatio-temporal variability of these ice cloud properties and of the frequency of occurrence of multilayer situations completes this work
Abadi, Mohamed. "Couleur et texture pour la représentation et la classification d'images satellite multi-résolutions". Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0215.
Texto completoLand use mapping and characterization are very important for local and national institutions. These institutions are nowadays searching for specifie and specialized tools that can distinguish betweendifferent land covers. This research work proposes to use different methods for satellite image processing. Allowing a strong and reliable land cover classification. The conceptual and experimental design has been developed as it follows. First, an optimal description of ail images is done. Then, COIOL and texture attributs are defined and computed. Finally, sorne algorithm classifications are realized. The optimal description of ail images is made by (i) determination of the hybrid colour space to obtain a good discrimination of this classes while correlation between space components is mininized. (ii) merging a high spatial resolution panchromatic image with a low spatial resolution multispectral image in order to obtain a high spatial and spectral resolutions image. Attributes are then extracted to characterize land cover classes using colour and texture information through different approaches (statistics, geometry, frequency, fractal, multifractal). At last, different classification techniques are applied (SVM, MMG, K-means, ISODATA) in order to separate forest areas from agriculturc parcels. Our work originality is based on the construction of a hybrid colour space derived from the image intensity, saturation and hue omponents using a multiobjective approach that integrates the correlation and discriminating power. This same space ls used in the merging images process in order to aeneralize the perceptual methods
Pellet, Victor. "Télédétection satellite du cycle de l'eau. De l'optimisation du traitement des observations à l'intégration des produits restitués". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS277.
Texto completoSatellite observation offers the unique opportunity for global coverage and continuous temporal monitoring in meteorology and climatology. However, there are many difficulties in their exploitation, which requires the use of optimization techniques at the different steps of their processing. This thesis will deal with two questions: (1) the processing of satellite data before the restitution, and (2) the integration of the multiple satellite products available. A new approach for channel compression/selection (Bottlenecks Channels) is proposed to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral data (in the infrared with the IASI instrument and in microwaves for a new sounder concept). A new scheme is also developed to integrate multiple satellite products for the study of the water cycle (surface, ocean and atmosphere). This integration approach makes the components of the water cycle more coherent to each other. It is presented here in the context of the Mediterranean water cycle
Beaumet, Grégory. "Planification continue pour la conduite d'un satellite d'observation agile autonome". Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0003.
Texto completoZahzah, El-Hadi. "Contribution à la représentation des connaissances et à leur utilisation pour l'interprétation automatique des images satellite". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30208.
Texto completoDambreville, Romain. "Prévision du rayonnement solaire global par télédétection pour la gestion de la production d’énergie photovoltaïque". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT078/document.
Texto completoTo handle the integration of intermittent energies to the existing grid,managers require more and more acurate tools to forecast the primary resources. This thesisfocuses on the very short term forecast of the global horizontal irradiance (GHI), maininput for most photovoltaic power plant. We chose to use both ground based images fromhemispherical cameras and satellite images to provide a forecating tool. In the first handwe present a novel appraoch to estimate the GHI using ground based images. On secondhand, we propose several satellite based methods to forecast the GHI up to one hour. Finally,we developp a new method allowing us to merge both data in order to benefit from theirrespective advantages. All the methods were tested against real data acquired on the SIRTAsite, Polytechnique campus
Chakroun, Meriem. "La variabilité des nuages et son rôle sur le climat en Europe : télédétection et simulation régionale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV067.
Texto completoWe characterize the seasonal and inter-annual variabilities of the clouds fraction profiles in both observations and simulation since they are critical to better assess the impact of clouds on climate variability. The spaceborne lidar onboard CALIPSO, providing cloud vertical profiles since 2006, is used together with a 23-year WRF simulation at 20 km resolution. A lidar simulator helps to compare consistently model with observations. The bias in observations due to the satellite under-sampling is first estimated. Then we examine the vertical variability of both occurrence and properties of clouds. It results that observations indicate a similar occurrence of low and high clouds over continent, and more high than low clouds over the sea except in summer. The simulation shows an overestimate (underestimate) of high (low) clouds comparing to observations, especially in summer. However the seasonal variability of the cloud vertical profiles is well captured by WRF. Concerning inter-annual variability, observations show that in winter, it is twice more important for high clouds than for low clouds, which is well simulated. In summer, the observed inter-annual variability is vertically more homogeneous while the model still simulates more variability for high clouds than for low clouds. The good behavior of the simulation in winter allows us to use the 23 years of simulation and 8 years of observations to estimate the time period required to characterize the natural variability of the cloud fraction profile in winter, i.e the time period required to detect significant anomalies and trends
Sainte, Fare Garnot Vivien. "Learning spatio-temporal representations of satellite time series for large-scale crop mapping". Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UEFL2006.
Texto completoUnderstanding and monitoring the agricultural activity of a territory requires the production of accurate crop type maps. Such maps identify the boundaries of each agricultural parcel along with the cultivated crop type. This information is valuable for a variety of stakeholders and has applications ranging from food supply prediction to subsidy allocation and environmental monitoring. While earlier crop type maps required tedious in situ data collection, the advent of automated analysis of remote sensing data enabled large-scale mapping efforts. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of crop type mapping from multispectral satellite image time series. In most of the literature of the past decade, this problem is typically addressed with traditional machine learning models trained on hand-engineered descriptors. Meanwhile, in the Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) literature, the ability to train deep learning models to learn representations from raw data provoked a paradigm shift leading to unprecedented levels of performance on a variety of problems. Similarly, the application of deep learning models to remote sensing data significantly improved the state-of-the-art for crop type mapping as well as other tasks.In this thesis, we hold that current state-of-the-art methods from CV and NLP ignore some of the crucial specificities of remote sensing data and should not be applied directly. Instead, we argue for the design of bespoke methods exploiting the specific spatial, spectral, and temporal structures of satellite time series. We successively characterise crop type mapping as parcel-based classification, semantic segmentation, and panoptic segmentation. For each of these tasks, we develop a novel deep learning architecture adapted to the task's peculiarities and inspired by recent advances in the deep learning literature. We show that our methods set a new state-of-the-art while being more efficient than competing approaches.Specifically, we introduce (i) the Pixel-Set Encoder, an efficient spatial parcel-based encoder, (ii) the Temporal Attention Encoder (TAE), a self-attention temporal encoder, (iii) U-net with TAE, a variation of the TAE for segmentation problems, and (iv) Parcel-as-Point, a lightweight instance segmentation head designed for the panoptic segmentation of parcels.We also explore how these architectures can leverage multi-modal image time series combining optical and radar information through well-chosen fusion schemes. This approach improves the mapping performance as well as the robustness to cloud obstruction. Lastly, we focus on the hierarchical tree that encapsulates the semantic relationships between crop classes. We introduce a method to include such structure in the learning process. On crop classification as well as other classification problems, we show that our method reduces the rate of errors between semantically distant classes.Along with these methods, we introduce PASTIS, the first large-scale open-access dataset of multimodal satellite image time series with panoptic annotations of agricultural parcels. We hope that this dataset, along with the promising results presented in this dissertation, will encourage further research and help produce ever more accurate agricultural maps
Al-Yaari, Amen Mohammed. "Global-scale evaluation of a hydrological variable measured from space : SMOS satellite remote sensing soil moisture products". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066678/document.
Texto completoSoil moisture (SM) plays a key role in meteorology, hydrology, and ecology as it controls the evolution of various hydrological and energy balance processes. The community of scientists involved in the field of microwave remote sensing has made considerable efforts to build accurate estimates of surface SM (SSM), and global SSM datasets derived from active and passive microwave instruments have recently become available. Among them, SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched in 2009, was the first ever passive satellite specifically designed to measure the SSM, at L-band (1.4 GHz), at the global scale. Validation of the SMOS SSM datasets over different climatic regions and environmental conditions is extremely important and a necessary step before they can be used. A better knowledge of the skill and uncertainties of the SSM retrievals will help not only to improve the individual products, but also to optimize the fusion schemes required to create long-term multi-sensor products, like the essential climate variable (ECV) SSM product generated within the European Space Agency’s (ESA's) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program. After the introductory Chapters I to III, this dissertation consists of three main parts. Chap. IV of the dissertation evaluates the passive SMOS level 3 (SMOSL3) SSM products at L-band against the passive AMSR-E SSM at C-band by comparing them with a Land Data Assimilation System estimates (SM-DAS-2) produced by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). This was achieved over the common period 2010-2011 between SMOS and AMSR-E, using classical metrics (Correlation, RMSD, and Bias). In parallel, Chap. V of the dissertation evaluates the passive SMOSL3 products against the active ASCAT SSM at C-band by comparing them with land surface model simulations (MERRA-Land) using classical metrics, advanced statistical methods (triple collocation), and the Hovmöller diagram over the period 2010-2012. These two evaluations indicated that vegetation density (parameterized here by the leaf area index LAI) is a key factor to interpret the consistency between SMOS and the other remotely sensed products. This effect of the vegetation has been quantified for the first time at the global scale for the three microwave sensors. These two chapters also showed that both SMOS and ASCAT (AMSR-E) had complementary performances and, thus, have a potential for datasets fusion into long-term SSM records. In Chap. VI of the dissertation, with the general purpose to extend back the SMOSL3 SSM time series and to produce an homogeneous SM product over 2003-2014 based on SMOS and AMSR-E, we investigated the use of a multiple linear regression model based on bi-polarization (horizontal and vertical) brightness temperatures (TB) observations obtained from AMSR-E (2003 - 2011). The regression coefficients were calibrated using SMOSL3 SSM as a reference over the 2010-2011 period. The resulting merged SSM dataset was evaluated against an AMSR-E SSM retrievals and modelled SSM products (MERRA-Land) over 2007-2009. These first results show that the multi-linear regression method is a robust and simple approach to produce a realistic SSM product in terms of temporal variation and absolute values. In conclusion, this PhD showed that the potential synergy between the passive (AMSR-E and SMOS) and active (ASCAT) microwave systems at global scale is very promising for the development of improved, long-term SSM time series at global scale, such as those pursued by the ESA’s CCI program. It also provides new ideas on the way to merge the different SSM datasets with the aim of producing the CCI (phase 2) long-term series (a coherent "SMOS-AMSR-E" SSM time series for the period 2003 -2014), that will be evaluated further in the framework of on-going ESA projects
Heberger, Matthew. "Improved observation of the global water cycle with satellite remote sensing and neural network modeling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS012.
Texto completoSatellite remote sensing is commonly used to observe the hydrologic cycle at spatial scales ranging from river basins to the globe. Yet, it remains difficult to obtain a balanced water budget using remote sensing data, which highlights the errors and uncertainties in earth observation (EO) data. This research aimed to improve estimates of precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and total water storage change at the global scale using a combination of analytical methods (optimal interpolation, OI) and statistical modeling methods including neural networks (NN). Models were trained on a set of 1,358~river basins and validated them on an independent set of 340~basins and in-situ observations of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge. The models are extended to make pixel-scale predictions in 0.5° grid cells for near-global coverage. Calibrated datasets result in lower water budget residuals in validation basins: the mean and standard deviation of the imbalance is 11±44 mm/mo when calculated with uncorrected EO data and 0.03±24 mm/mo after calibration by the NN models. The results allow us to make more accurate estimates of missing water cycle components, for example to estimate evapotranspiration in un-instrumented areas, or to predict discharge in ungaged basins. The results can also indicate to data producers where their products seem incoherent with other datasets and where enhanced calibration could lead to improvements. Finally, this research demonstrates the use of neural networks and machine learning for the integration of satellite data and for the study of the water cycle
Martin, Emmanuel. "Dart : modèle 3D multispectral et inversion d’images optique de satellite : application aux couverts forestiers". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30269.
Texto completoIn optical remote sensing, radiative transfer (R-T) models aim to simulate radiometric measurement of spatial sensors that spot “Landscape-Atmosphere” system. The modeling of vegetation canopies measurements is generally limited to landscape representation and R-T modeling. This thesis allowed transforming a 3-D R-T model DART (patent : PCT/FR 02/01181) to multispectral model simulating optical remote sensing images (thermal infrared included) of any natural and urban landscape with relief and atmosphere for any spatial/airborne sensor. This new model was validated by models intercomparison (RAMI-3 experience, Joint Research Centre, Italy) and with in situ and airborne measurements (Czech Republic). In fine, an inversion method was developed. It allowed using DART for evaluating the modeling impact on LAI estimation of coniferous forest using hyperspectral VHR images
Thouvenin-Masson, Clovis. "Variabilité de la salinité satellitaire et décharges de fleuves". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS669.
Texto completoSalinity is a key variable to study oceans and climate. Through its effect on density, it is one of the driving forces behind thermohaline circulation. Moreover, its conservative property makes it an ideal tracer of water masses; at the surface, it is highly dependent on freshwater inflows and outflows from the ocean. As a result, sea surface salinity (SSS), measured by satellite since 2010, and ocean circulation modelling are helping to better understand and constrain the processes involved in exchanges between the ocean and the other reservoirs in the water cycle. During my PhD thesis, I was particularly interested in studying tropical regions under the influence of freshwater inputs from rivers or rainfall, in particular the Senegal-Mauritania upwelling region. A prerequisite was to establish the uncertainty on the fields deduced from satellite SSS, taking into account SSS variability and the effects of sub-sampling at different spatio-temporal scales. CCI (Climate Change Initiative) SSS fields generated from SMOS (2010-), Aquarius (2015-2021) and SMAP (2015-) satellite measurements are integrated on scales of 50 km and one week or one month. Their validation is based on comparisons with in-situ SSS, but part of the differences stem from the difference in spatio-temporal resolution of the data compared. Using GLORYS reanalyses, I have estimated the corresponding representativeness errors, and shown that they reconcile the uncertainties estimated during the generation of CCI SSS fields (largely linked to the intrinsic noise of satellite measurements) and the uncertainties obtained by comparison with in situ measurements. On a global scale, representativeness errors account for 33% (15%) of the difference (std difference) between monthly (weekly) satellite SSS and Argo pointwise SSS. Once this effect has been taken into account, the uncertainty in satellite CCI SSS is estimated at 0.1 for monthly fields, 0.14 for weekly fields. I have also characterized SSS variability, using a three-dimensional (latitude, longitude and time) spectral analysis method I developed, and high-resolution ocean simulations. Current satellite fields are able to sample most of the SSS variability in tropical areas, but miss much of the variability at higher latitudes, which a 10km resolution satellite mission, such as the SMOS-HR mission being studied at CNES or the FRESCH mission recently submitted to ESA, could resolve. In the second part of my PhD thesis, I analyzed the variability of the SSS in the Senegal-Mauritania upwelling region, characterized by a large inflow of river water and crossed seasonally by the ITCZ. Over the study area, comparisons with in situ measurements show very good agreement for CCI SSS (r2=0.94), slightly less so for GLORYS analyses and CROCO simulations. Nevertheless, at less than 50km from the coast, satellite SSSs compared with SSSs from the MELAX mooring are less accurate than GLORYS reanalyses, once again highlighting the need for satellite measurements with higher spatial resolution, which would enable to get as close as 10km from the coast. Current ocean models, including the GLORYS reanalysis, very often use climatological river flow forcings. In order to highlight the impact of interannual variation in river discharge and precipitation on SSS, I set up different forcing configurations that were used in CROCO simulations conducted at LOCEAN. I have shown that the interannual variability of river flows has a significant effect on SSS, to a greater or lesser extent depending on the propagation of plumes, which depend on ocean circulation
Pellenq, Jennifer. "Couplage de la modélisation hydrologique avec la modélisation des transferts sol-végétation-atmosphère : application à la spatialisation et à l'assimilation des données du satellite SMOS". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30137.
Texto completoWang, Die. "Millimeter and sub-millimeter satellite observations for ice cloud characterization : towards the ice cloud imager onboard MetOp-SG". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066366/document.
Texto completoThe meteorological observations from satellites in the microwave domain are currently limited to 190 GHz. The next generation of European operational Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation-EPS-SG) will carry an instrument, the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), with frequencies up to 664 GHz, to provide unprecedented measurements in the sub-millimeter spectral range, aiming to improve the characterization of ice clouds over the globe. To prepare this upcoming satellite-borne sub-millimeter imager, during this thesis, scientific efforts have been made on four complementary aspects. Realistic radiative transfer simulations have been performed from 19 to 700 GHz, for real meteorological scenes, covering a large variability of clouds in Europe. The goal was two fold, first to better understand the sensitivity of the microwave to sub-millimeter waves to the cloud frozen phases, and second, to create a robust training database for a statistical cloud parameter retrieval. The Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) is coupled with atmospheric profiles from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, for twelve diverse European mid-latitude scenes. The single scattering properties of the hydrometeors (cloud ice, snow, graupel, rain, and cloud water) are carefully selected, especially for the frozen phases, and compatibility with the micro- physics in WRF is tested: the Discrete-Dipole Approximation (DDA) is adopted for snow particles. The resulting simulations have been systematically compared with coincident satellite observations from imagers and sounders up to 200 GHz. The agreement between simulations and observations shows the good quality of the simulated training database, at least up to 200 GHz
Vernier, Jean-Paul. "Les aérosols et le transport dans la haute troposphère et la stratosphère tropicale à partir des mesures du lidar spatial CALIPSO". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669120.
Texto completoGuermazi, Henda. "Télédétection des aérosols sulfatés d’origine volcanique dans l’infrarouge thermique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE038.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to develop new satellite observations of volcanic sulphate aerosols, in the Thermal InfraRed (TIR). We found, as first results, that it is important to consider the radiative interference between sulphate aerosols and SO₂ in order to optimize satellite retrievals of the two species. For a simulated volcanic eruption, the mutual effect of SO₂ and sulphate aerosols on the TIR outgoing radiation is evident after three to five days from the eruption. Significant overestimations may be introduced in SO₂ retrievals if the presence of sulphate aerosols is not taken into account. The high spectral resolution of IASI instrument allows the observation of these two effluents as independent quantities with limited uncertainties. Based on these results, we developed a new retrieval algorithm using IASI observations, called AEROIASI-Sulphates, to measure vertically-resolved sulphates aerosols extinctions and mass concentration profiles. The algorithm is applied to a moderate eruption of Mount Etna volcano. AEROIASI-Sulphates correctly identifies the volcanic sulphate aerosols plume morphology both horizontally and vertically after comparisons with SO₂ plume observations and simulations. For an initial sulphur mass of 1.5 kT, 60 % of the injected sulphur mass is converted to particulate matter after 24 h from the beginning of the eruption. A shortwave and direct radiative forcing of -0.8 W/m² is exerted at the regional scale in the western Mediterranean area. This is the first time that sulphate aerosols are quantitatively observed from space-based instruments in the nadir geometry, which is of great importance to monitor and quantify volcanic emissions, their evolution and impacts at the regional scale
Leroux, Delphine. "Analyses statistiques et modèles d'inversion pour la validation des données d'humidité des sols de la mission SMOS". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776536.
Texto completoDelaunay, Xavier. "Compression d'images satellite par post-transformées dans le domaine ondelettes". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7746/1/delaunay.pdf.
Texto completoMachault, Vanessa. "Utilisation de données d'observation de la terre par satellite pour l'évaluation des densités vectorielles et de la transmission du paludisme". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20722/document.
Texto completoDespite national an international efforts, malaria remains a major public health in manycountries and sanitary systems are hindered by the lack of information on the actual burden ofmalaria, on the plasmodium transmission risk and on their geographical distribution.Nevertheless, spatial heterogeneity can be important and in this context, malaria control couldbe improved if could be focused in place and time. On one hand, the environment is a majordeterminant of malaria biodiversity, because of the vectorial transmission and the vectorsbioecological preferences. On another hand, orbiting satellites can provide environmental,climatic and meteorological data that already have been used for the study of infectiousdiseases. “Tele-epidemiology” has been defined as an integrated approach aiming atassociating medical, epidemiological or entomological ground data, with remotely-sensedenvironmental data, based on the in depth comprehension and measurement of the involvedphysical and biological mechanisms. In cities, it has already been possible to highlightassociations between mapped urban settings and malariometric indices, using satellite data atappropriate scales. Among travellers, in the objective to evaluate malaria risk or efficacy ofprophylactic devices, it would be useful to evaluate and predict transmission levels in thevisited places. The objective of the present thesis was to identify environmental factors thatcould be remotely-sensed and that could be used in the evaluation of malaria risk amongtravellers on one hand and in urban settings on the other hand.First, remotely-sensed data have been used to evaluate levels of exposure to malaria risk ofmilitaries, in the scope of a study on their risk factors for clinical malaria. Results haveshowed that, even when taking into account age and compliance to chemoprophylaxis asconfusion factors, the environment was the factor the most strongly associated to clinicalmalaria risk.In parallel, an extensive entomological study has been conducted during five years in Dakarand allowed demonstrating a strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malariatransmission in the city. Collected information were centralized in a georeferenced database(GIS - Geographic Information System) containing all entomological, environmental,meteorological, biological and physical data collected on the field or by remote sensing.Finally, modelling of entomological risk in the capital city of Senegal was undertaken, basedon data collected on the ground and environmental data issued from satellites. A first stepshowed the evolution of malaria transmission risk areas and allowed declaring that thefraction of human population that was at high risk for transmission decreased between 1996and 2007. A second step led to the development of 1) a map of the breeding sites with aproductivity indicator in Dakar city, 2) a map of aggressive adult Anopheles densities, and 3)a dynamic aspect was added to those maps, taking into account the variations of theirmeteorological determinants.The results of the work undertaken in this thesis demonstrated that remotely-sensedinformation, associated with a large amount of ground data, allow to adjust predictive models and to draw entomological risk maps, in urban settings or for moving populations
Marti, Renaud. "Apport des méthodes de télédétection à très haute-résolution spatiale dans l'étude des variations de la cryosphère des Pyrénées". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20024/document.
Texto completoThe Pyrenees mountain range hosts the southernmost glaciers in Europe (south of 43 _N), and are covered by a large seasonal snowpack. Glacier and snowpack are both components of the cryosphere, the water in its frozen state, and present high sensitivity to climatic influences. In the Pyrenees, water availability from snowmelt is an important issue concerning hydropower generation, irrigation in lowlands and are potentially linked to conflict usage. Pyrenees ski resorts are highly vulnerable to a potential declining snowpack. Pyrenean glaciers are strongly out of balance with regional climate and are in jeopardy in this new century. Natural patrimony and the visual perception of the high mountain landscape could be irrevocably affected by this lost. Snow depth cartography may provide valuable information to manage human activities in link with snow presence. To date, there is no direct approach to map snow depth in mountainous areas from spaceborne sensors. Here, we examined the potential of very-high-resolution stereo satellites to map snow depth in a mountain catchment. The results showed a decimetric accuracy and precision in the Pléiades derived snow depths, and realistic snow patterns. We also validated Pléiades data to estimate the annual glacier mass balance of a Pyrenean glacier. Thanks to this new approach and a deep sounding of archives data, we reconstructed the evolution of the second largest glacier of the Pyrenees (Ossoue glacier, 42.46 _N, 0.45 km2). Ossoue glacier has retreated since the end of the little ice age (LIA) with some stable phases, and would probably disappear by the half of the 21th century. Based on a new complete inventory, we maped the outline of the Pyrenean glaciers at the end of the little ice age (1850 approximately) and in 2011. It appears clear that the Pyrenees mountain range is in its last stage of deglaciation
El término criósfera designa al conjunto de lugares donde el agua está presente en forma sólida, como la nieve o los glaciares. La sensibilidad de los componentes de la criósfera a las fluctuaciones climáticas, en particular la temperatura y las precipitaciones, permite construir indicadores de primera magnitud en el seguimiento del recurso hídrico y de la evolución del clima. Las alteraciones de esos depósitos naturales de montaña afectan de forma directa a estructuras de tipo social, tales como la: irrigación, la energía hidroeléctrica, el turismo o el patrimonio paisajístico. En el marco del proyecto de tesis CRYOPYR, llevamos a cabo un importante trabajo metodológico a partir de imágenes ópticas por satélite de muy alta resolución con el fin de evaluar las variaciones de superficie y de volumen de las capas de nieve y de hielo. Los Pirineos (3 404 m) cobijan los glaciares más meridionales de Europa, así como un importante manto de nieve estacional. Pudimos determinar la altura de la capa de nieve al final del periodo de acumulación en la cuenca de la central hidroeléctrica de Bassiès (Ariège, Francia). En el caso del glaciar de Ossoue (Hautes-Pyrénées, Francia), cartografiamos las variaciones plurianuales de altitud del glaciar. Completamos este trabajo basado en adquisiciones de imágenes por satélite con una búsqueda de datos históricos. De este modo, reconstruimos las fluctuaciones del glaciar de Ossoue desde el final de la pequeña edad de hielo (1850), y caracterizamos las variaciones del clima regional a alta altitud en los Pirineos. La combinación de estos métodos cuantitativos con medidas en sitios representativos de los cambios en curso ofrece elementos de respuesta a la problemática hidroclimática pirenaica
Choi, Hyung Jin. "Characterization of properties and spatiotemporal fields of mineral aerosol and its radiative impact using CALIPSO data in conjunction with A-Train satellite and ground-based observations and modeling". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41105.
Texto completoEspinoza, Villar Raúl. "Suivi de la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des flux sédimentaires dans le bassin de l'Amazone à partir d'images satellite". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2550/.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to characterize the sedimentary fluxes of the main Amazonian rivers, using the remote sensing monitoring of their water optical properties. The field campaigns provided main characteristics of hydrological fluxes, suspended sediment (SS) and their apparent optical properties. Remote sensing reflectance is well correlated with the SS concentration in the infrared (r² = 0. 81-840 0. 9), without saturation between 500 - 850 nm. MODIS data was chosen in this study because of their high acquisition frequency. However, the use of such images is complicated because of the small size of the river steam in comparison to the pixel size. An algorithm was developed in order to automatically identify the pure water pixels into the MODIS images. The fluvial water reflectance calculated with the algorithm is validated with the in-situ radiometric data previously described, with a good precision. This algorithm is used to process automatically MODIS temporal series, along the Amazon River in Peru and the Madeira River in Brazil to check the quality of satellite estimates and understand the temporal and spatial variability of hydrosedimentary processes. This thesis demonstrates, for the first time, that the suspended sediment optical properties in a large watershed are spatially and temporally stable enough to allow effective monitoring of surface sediment flow using remote sensing
Mbengue, Abdou Aziz. "Estimation par satellite de l'humidité spécifique au dessus de l'océan par radiométrie hyperfréquence". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737712.
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