Literatura académica sobre el tema "Calibration du modèle climatique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Calibration du modèle climatique"
Mavouroulou Quentin, Moundounga, Ngomanda Alfred y Lepengue Nicaise Alexis. "Etat des Lieux des Incertitudes Liées à l’Estimation de la Biomasse des Arbres (Revue Bibliographique)". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n.º 6 (28 de febrero de 2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n6p60.
Texto completoGuelbeogo, Sidiki, Lucien Ouedraogo y Sayouba Ilboudo. "Prévision des crues dans le bassin versant du Kou, Burkina Faso". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n.º 3 (24 de agosto de 2023): 1131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i3.29.
Texto completoLe Gros, Gaïc. "Quel réchauffement climatique ?" Revue Générale Nucléaire, n.º 3 (mayo de 2020): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rgn/20203053.
Texto completoNourou, Mohammadou y Bybert Moudjare Helgath. "Vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques et croissance économique dans les pays du Golfe de Guinée : Preuve à l’aide du modèle de variables instrumentales à longue période". International Journal of Financial Studies, Economics and Management 1, n.º 3 (25 de noviembre de 2022): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.61549/ijfsem.v1i3.58.
Texto completoFagnart, Jean-François y Marc Germain. "Macroéconomie du court terme et politique climatique: quelques leçons d'un modèle d'offre et demande globales". Recherches économiques de Louvain 80, n.º 1 (2014): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800002025.
Texto completoBen Khediri, Wiem y Gilles Drogue. "Quel est l’impact de l’échantillonnage spatial des précipitations et de l’évapotranspiration potentielle sur le pouvoir prédictif d’un modèle hydrologique empirique ?" Climatologie 12 (2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.1095.
Texto completoLarrère, Catherine. "Changement climatique : et si nous parlions de responsabilité ?" Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 43, n.º 1 (2018): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2018.7202.
Texto completoTakpa, O’Neil G. M. M., G. Pierre Tovihoudji, Nouroudine Ollabodé, P. B. Irénikatché Akponikpè y Jacob A. Yabi. "Perception des producteurs des changements climatiques et stratégies d’adaptation dans les systèmes de culture à base de maïs (Zea mays) au Nord-Bénin". Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 12, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v12i1.7.
Texto completoPetit, Sandrine, Marie-Hélène Vergote, Thierry Castel y Yves Richard. "Le climat « par procuration ». De l’usage des proxys pour relier les savoirs". Natures Sciences Sociétés 28, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2020016.
Texto completoNaulin, Jean-Philippe, David Moncoulon y Antoine Quantin. "Modélisation déterministe et probabiliste des dommages assurantiels causés par les phénomènes de submersion marine en France métropolitaine". La Houille Blanche, n.º 3-4 (octubre de 2019): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2019022.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Calibration du modèle climatique"
Ben, Touhami Haythem. "Calibration Bayésienne d'un modèle d'étude d'écosystème prairial : outils et applications à l'échelle de l'Europe". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22444/document.
Texto completoGrasslands cover 45% of the agricultural area in France and 40% in Europe. Grassland ecosystems have a central role in the climate change context, not only because they are impacted by climate changes but also because grasslands contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the assessment of uncertainties in the outputs of grassland simulation models, which are used in impact studies, with focus on model parameterization. In particular, we used the Bayesian statistical method, based on Bayes’ theorem, to calibrate the parameters of a reference model, and thus improve performance by reducing the uncertainty in the parameters and, consequently, in the outputs provided by models. Our approach is essentially based on the use of the grassland ecosystem model PaSim (Pasture Simulation model) already applied in a variety of international projects to simulate the impact of climate changes on grassland systems. The originality of this thesis was to adapt the Bayesian method to a complex ecosystem model such as PaSim (applied in the context of altered climate and across the European territory) and show its potential benefits in reducing uncertainty and improving the quality of model outputs. This was obtained by combining statistical methods (Bayesian techniques and sensitivity analysis with the method of Morris) and computing tools (R code -PaSim coupling and use of cluster computing resources). We have first produced a new parameterization for grassland sites under drought conditions, and then a common parameterization for European grasslands. We have also provided a generic software tool for calibration for reuse with other models and sites. Finally, we have evaluated the performance of the calibrated model through the Bayesian technique against data from validation sites. The results have confirmed the efficiency of this technique for reducing uncertainty and improving the reliability of simulation outputs
Lagarrigues, Guillaume. "Variabilité démographique et adaptation de la gestion aux changements climatiques en forêt de montagne : calibration par Calcul Bayésien Approché et projection avec le modèle Samsara2". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV081/document.
Texto completoThe spruce-fir-beech mountain forests could be particularly threatened by the global warming. To better understand the future dynamics of these forests and adapt the silviculture to these new conditions, a better knowledge of the environmental factors affecting the species demograhics is needed. We studied this issue by combining a historical management data set, the forest dynamics model Samsara2 and a calibration method based on Approximate Bayesian Computation. We were able thus to study jointly the different demographic process in these forests. Our analysis show that the forest demographics can strongly vary between stands and that climate is not always determining to explain these variations. The unven-aged management currently applied seem adapted for the mixed stands located in mesic conditions, but the pure spruce forests and the low elevation stands could be highly impacted
Dinh, Thi Lan Anh. "Crop yield simulation using statistical and machine learning models. From the monitoring to the seasonal and climate forecasting". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS425.
Texto completoWeather and climate strongly impact crop yields. Many studies based on different techniques have been done to measure this impact. This thesis focuses on statistical models to measure the sensitivity of crops to weather conditions based on historical records. When using a statistical model, a critical difficulty arises when data is scarce, which is often the case with statistical crop modelling. There is a high risk of overfitting if the model development is not done carefully. Thus, careful validation and selection of statistical models are major concerns of this thesis. Two statistical approaches are developed. The first one uses linear regression with regularization and leave-one-out cross-validation (or LOO), applied to Robusta coffee in the main coffee-producing area of Vietnam (i.e. the Central Highlands). Coffee is a valuable commodity crop, sensitive to weather, and has a very complex phenology due to its perennial nature. Results suggest that precipitation and temperature information can be used to forecast the yield anomaly with 3–6 months' anticipation depending on the location. Estimates of Robusta yield at the end of the season show that weather explains up to 36 % of historical yield anomalies. The first approach using LOO is widely used in the literature; however, it can be misused for many reasons: it is technical, misinterpreted, and requires experience. As an alternative, the “leave-two-out nested cross-validation” (or LTO) approach, is proposed to choose the suitable model and assess its true generalization ability. This method is sophisticated but straightforward; its benefits are demonstrated for Robusta coffee in Vietnam and grain maize in France. In both cases, a simpler model with fewer potential predictors and inputs is more appropriate. Using only the LOO method, without any regularization, can be highly misleading as it encourages choosing a model that overfits the data in an indirect way. The LTO approach is also useful in seasonal forecasting applications. The end-of-season grain maize yield estimates suggest that weather can account for more than 40 % of the variability in yield anomaly. Climate change's impacts on coffee production in Brazil and Vietnam are also studied using climate simulations and suitability models. Climate data are, however, biased compared to the real-world climate. Therefore, many “bias correction” methods (called here instead “calibration”) have been introduced to correct these biases. An up-to-date review of the available methods is provided to better understand each method's assumptions, properties, and applicative purposes. The climate simulations are then calibrated by a quantile-based method before being used in the suitability models. The suitability models are developed based on census data of coffee areas, and potential climate variables are based on a review of previous studies using impact models for coffee and expert recommendations. Results show that suitable arabica areas in Brazil could decrease by about 26 % by the mid-century in the high-emissions scenario, while the decrease is surprisingly high for Vietnamese Robusta coffee (≈ 60 %). Impacts are significant at low elevations for both coffee types, suggesting potential shifts in production to higher locations. The used statistical approaches, especially the LTO technique, can contribute to the development of crop modelling. They can be applied to a complex perennial crop like coffee or more industrialized annual crops like grain maize. They can be used in seasonal forecasts or end-of-season estimations, which are helpful in crop management and monitoring. Estimating the future crop suitability helps to anticipate the consequences of climate change on the agricultural system and to define adaptation or mitigation strategies. Methodologies used in this thesis can be easily generalized to other cultures and regions worldwide
Coron, Laurent. "Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuelssont-ils robustes face à un climat en évolution ? Diagnostic sur un échantillon de bassins versants français et australiens". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00879090.
Texto completoDreveton-Le, Goff Christine. "Etude de l'équilibre climatique du modèle Arpège". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30101.
Texto completoCoron, Laurent. "Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuelssont-ils robustes face à un climat en évolution ? Diagnostic sur un échantillon de bassins versants français et australiens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0030.
Texto completoHydrologists are asked to estimate the medium- and long-term evolutions of water resources. To answer these questions, they commonly use conceptual models. In addition, they are often required to provide an estimate of the uncertainties associated with model projections. This raises the question of the robustness of conceptual models, especially in the context of climate evolution. Indeed, using a model in conditions different from those of calibration is based on the hypothesis of parameter transferability, i.e. the possibility to use model parameters in conditions different from those used for the model set-up. We focus on this issue with the aim of answering the following questions:• What is the robustness level of conceptual hydrological models in the context of changing climatic conditions?• What are the causes for the lack of robustness, and are there ways to prevent it?We answer these questions by studying the performance of conceptual models through multiple tests of temporal transfer of their parameters. Results show the existence of correlations between the robustness problems and the difference in climate conditions between model calibration and validation periods. The analysis especially points out the situations of systematic bias correlated to differences in air temperature. However, results are heterogeneous in our catchment set, and climate variables or error type associated with the identified problems vary between catchments.The analysis of simulation biases on catchments where the models are not robust shows alternating phases of flow under- or overestimation, with a possible bias in the mean flow up to 20% over a ten-year period.Our work reveals that very similar results can be obtained for various periods or calibration methods. The robustness issues faced by conceptual models used in this study do not solely stem from inadequate calibrations leading to the selection of parameters unable reproduce the catchment behavior. They seem to be the consequence of overall difficulties for models to satisfactorily simulate water balances simultaneously on various periods.This work opens reflections on the limited capacity of some hydrological models to reproduce low-frequency dynamics and raises questions on the role of inputs estimates errors in model failures, especially the temporal variations of evapotranspiration
Royer-Gaspard, Paul. "De la robustesse des modèles hydrologiques face à des conditions climatiques variables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS466.
Texto completoAmong the many challenges that climate change poses, the ability of hydrological models to adequately perform over a large range of climatic conditions is key its impacts on the regime of rivers. However, modern hydrological models still lack of robustness. The causes are yet uncertain and may be manifold: (calibration, measurement errors, model structure). This thesis aims at identifying solutions for model improvement by a series of diagnoses conducted on a large catchment set. After a study of the types of climatic changes challenging model robustness the most, we set up a comparison of different calibration methods. It revealed that the choice of the optimized objective function had a significant impact on model robustness. The way potential evaporation is computed also influences model robustness, although our comparison of a few potential evaporation models show rather heterogeneous results across the catchment set. A method specifically designed to diagnose structural weaknesses impacting model robustness, based on an analysis of performance trade-offs in a multi-objective framework, was then proposed and applied to the GR4J model. A couple of major structural deficiencies was identified. These deficiencies likely prevent the model from providing robust simulations in different streamflow ranges simultaneously. An attempt to modify the structure of GR4J yielded to an encouraging yet modest improvement of its performance. Despite the light enhancement of hydrological model robustness achieved in this work, it may pave the way to further advances toward model structural development
Deguest, Romain. "Incertitude de modèle en finance : mesures de risque et calibration de modèle". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPXX0062.
Texto completoPrudhomme, Alice. "Nouveau modèle tectono-climatique des Andes centrales du Nord (5-9°S)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30129.
Texto completoUsing a multidisciplinary approach, this thesis proposes a new double-verging orogen model for the Northern Central Andes, which can explain the crustal thickening and the current topography interacting with a complex climate. A new structural and stratigraphic synthesis across the forearc and the Western Cordillera revealed the presence of a major western vergence thrust. For the first time, the construction of a balanced cross-section through the whole Northern Central Andes, combined with thermochronological data, illustrates a double verging orogenic model propagating synchronously since ~30 Ma, with a total shortening of 158 km. Numerical modeling of the tectono-climatic evolution of the Andean orogeny shows the acceleration of the aridification in its western flank at ~ 15 Ma and during the Pliocene, as well as the late uplift and the formation of an equivalent of the Altiplano, which would have been incised and emptied recently by the Marañón River
Laurent, Carine. "Variabilité climatique basse-fréquence simulée en Atlantique Nord par un modèle couplé océan-atmosphère". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066524.
Texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Calibration du modèle climatique"
Di Lauro, Alessandra. "L’alimentation entre éthique, science et innovation". En L’alimentation entre éthique, science et innovation, 79–99. ESKA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jibes.344.0079.
Texto completoMutl, Jan. "INTRODUCTION DE L’ÉVOLUTION TECHNOLOGIQUE DANS UN MODÈLE D’ENTRÉE-SORTIE". En Changement climatique, flux technologiques, financiers et commerciaux, 231–48. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgm9h.15.
Texto completoWilson, Daniel J. "INTRODUCTION DU CHANGEMENT TECHNIQUE INCORPORÉ DANS UN MODÈLE D’ENTRÉE-SORTIE MACROÉCONOMIQUE STRUCTUREL". En Changement climatique, flux technologiques, financiers et commerciaux, 215–30. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgm9h.14.
Texto completoDecaluwé, Bernard, André Lemelin, Véronique Robichaud, David Bahan y Daniel Florea. "LE MODÈLE D’ÉQUILIBRE GÉNÉRAL CALCULABLE DU MINISTÈRE DES FINANCES, DE L’ÉCONOMIE ET DE LA RECHERCHE DU QUÉBEC". En Changement climatique, flux technologiques, financiers et commerciaux, 285–98. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgm9h.18.
Texto completoInformes sobre el tema "Calibration du modèle climatique"
Rousseau, Henri-Paul. Gutenberg, L’université et le défi numérique. CIRANO, diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wodt6646.
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