Artículos de revistas:

1

AL-TAMEEMI, HAYFAA J. H. "Evaluation of Basrah Soils Pollution with Cadmium". Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2020): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i1/301066.

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Gao, Yuan, Guan Ling Song y Hao Wu. "Toxic Effect of Cadmium on Azolla Imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (octubre de 2011): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.263.

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After cultivating 4 days in Steinberg medium with different concentrations of Cd2+, the toxic effect of cadmiun on Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai was investigated for the purpose to find out if this plant is suitable to using on restoration of waterbody with cadmium pollution. The variations of chlorophyll content, soluble-protein content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase(CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai were measured in this study. The results show that the chlorophyll content of Azolla imbricata(Roxb.)Nakai has no significant changes in media with Cd2+concentrations compare with control. The MDA content ascended significantly from the Cd2+concentration was 5 mg•L-1, because of the intensified oxidative damage. When Cd2+concentration is 0.1~20 mg•L-1, the souble protein content, POD activity and CAT activity increased to resist the oxidative damage. Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai is tolerance of cadmium pollution, it can be used to water bodies restoration with low level cadmium pollution.

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3

Davies, I. M. "Marine pollution in Orkney". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 87, n.º 1-2 (1985): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700000419x.

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SynopsisThis paper briefly reviews the legal framework of pollution control in Orkney, and discusses the occurrence of the main categories of contaminants there.There is no indication of elevated concentrations of organohalogen compounds in Orkney shellfish. The main potential source of hydrocarbon contamination is thoroughly monitored, and no major adverse effect has been noted.High concentrations (up to 62 μg/g wet wt) of cadmium occur in edible crab hepatopancreas from Orkney, Shetland and surrounding areas. A consideration of cadmium concentrations in a range of species suggests a regional geochemical anomaly for cadmium, affecting biota perhaps through solid phases.

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4

Huang, Dao Lin, Mei Na Liang, Dun Qiu Wang y Yi Nian Zhu. "Progress on Treatment of Cadmium Pollution in Wastewater". Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (agosto de 2014): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.112.

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Cadmium has wide application in industrial production, and serious environmental pollution was generated. The Sources of Cadmium in water and its harm were introduced in this paper. The bioremediation, phytoremediation, physical and chemical remediation, electrolytic repair of wastewater containing cadmium treatment technology was reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been elaborated. The outlook of cadmium pollution treatment in the future was put forward.

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5

Wu, Hao, Yuan Gao y Guan Ling Song. "Toxic Effect of Cadmium on Hydrocharis dubia root". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (mayo de 2012): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.554.

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After 4 days exposed to cadmium concentration environment, the soluble protein content, SOD activity, CAT activity, POD activity and MDA content of Hydrocharis Dubia root were investigated in this paper to study if this plant can be used to waterbody restoration with cadmium pollution. The result showed that when the cadmium concentration was lower than 5 mg.L-1, the plant didn’t encounter seriously oxidant damaged. The plant root cell increased SOD activity, CAT activity and POD activity to clean up these accumulated ROS. Hydrocharis Dubia can be used to waterbody restoration with lower than 5 mg.L-1 cadmium pollution. The plant unsuitable to be used to waterbody restoration with higher than 5 mg.L-1 cadmium pollution, the plant encountered seriously oxidant stress in this level cadmium pollution.

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6

李, 彦奇. "Phytoremediation Technology of Cadmium Pollution". Bioprocess 04, n.º 04 (2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/bp.2014.44008.

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7

Tötsch, W. "Cadmium". Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 2, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1990): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03039401.

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8

Bätcher, Karen. "Cadmium". Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 7, n.º 2 (agosto de 1995): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02938776.

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9

Cai, Zhuo, Xiao Liang He, Deng Feng Lu, Xia Lin Qiu y Wei Chao Yue. "Distribution of Cadmium in Aloe Vera and its Hazard Impact on the Antioxidant Activity". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (diciembre de 2012): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.306.

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The variation of antioxidant activity of aloe vera under the stress of cadmium with different concentration was studied. The scavenging capacity of potted aloe vera to •OH and O2- • was determined and the effects of cadmium pollution on the antioxidant activity of aloe vera were evaluated using flow injection chemiluminescence methods.The results showed that, at low cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera increased with the increase of cadmium content in aloe vera body; while at high cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera decreased with the increase of cadmium content. This indicated that low cadmium could stimulate the self-protection system of aloe vera, resulting in a increase in the antioxidant activity. high cadmium would damage aloe self-defendend system, leading to the decrease in antioxidant activity.

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10

Gu, Jian y Zuo Xin Liu. "Investigation and Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Vegetable Farm Soils in Fuxin, China". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (junio de 2014): 3661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3661.

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the paper discussed the pollution of heavy metal in vegetable farm soils in Fuxin city, China. The levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury in 5 soil samples obtained from vegetable farm soil were detected. The levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury were17.12-34.62mg/kg,0.12-0.24 mg/kg,32.28-50.96 mg/kg,6.86-8.83 mg/kg and 0.14-0.16 mg/kg, respectively. At same time, we have done some evaluation for vegetable farm soils pollution of Fuxin. The vegetable farm soils were contaminated by mercury in great universality, and the next is cadmium. As for contaminated degree, mercury-pollution is severe, and the second were cadmium, and the rest are slightly polluted. Compared the present pollution change, soil pollution in Fuxin is aggravate, which should grasp management, especially the serious mercury pollution that should pay attention to the monitoring mercury enterprises.

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11

Ashurbekova, Tamila Nasirovna y Elmira Mugudinovna Musinova. "The study of heavy metal pollution in soils and the link between pollution and oncological diseases". Samara Journal of Science 7, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874101.

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The paper deals with the problem of ecotoxicants content: arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium in the soils of Achkhoy-Martan District settlements of the Chechen Republic and their impact on human health. The presence of heavy metals in soils and plant samples of the studied area can be explained by the geological structure of the territory of the Republic, which is located on the rocks of the Jurassic and Paleogene periods. Studies have shown excessive concentrations of lead in some samples of soil settlements of the Achkhoi-Martan District: Samashki is 43,1 mg/kg and Janda - 42,1 mg/kg vs 30 mg/kg by the MPC. There is an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of cadmium in the village Zakan-Yurt - 1,93 mg/kg against 1,0 mg/kg MPC. As for mobile forms arsenic, mercury and cadmium are found in the greatest quantities. The arsenic content exceeds the permissible values by 2,03-3,36 times, the cadmium content exceeds the MPC by almost 2 times - 1,93 mg/kg against 1 mg/kg. According to the results of the studies, the relationship between the transformation of mobile forms of heavy metals from soil to plants is monitored. A direct correlation between cancer and the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the study areas was revealed.

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12

Yu, Zhihui y Jie Tang. "Quality Improvement in Vegetable Greenhouse by Cadmium Pollution Remediation". Journal of Food Quality 2022 (23 de marzo de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8335753.

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Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) has grown in importance as a source of public vegetable consumption as well as income for farmers. Due to the high cropping index, substantial agricultural input, and confined environment, numerous contaminants can accumulate in GVP. Polluted soil is treated with metal cadmium pollution remediation technology in order to improve the quality of vegetable greenhouse soil and increase crop yields. The heavy metal cadmium-contaminated soil in vegetable greenhouses is rectified utilizing three methods: chemical remediation, bioremediation, and physical remediation. Soil restoration with broom sedge planting might result in a 9.78 percent reduction in cadmium pollution. Planting broom sedge has a root > stem > leaf effect on pollution remediation. The elimination of cadmium from the soil around the anode can be as high as 75.1 percent. The clearance rate of the soil near the anode was 75.1 percent and 77.9 percent, respectively, when the anode cadmium mass fraction dropped fast. Hence this paper focuses on the reduction of cadmium pollution to improve the quality of GVP crop to yield more benefit. Chemical leaching is faster, more efficient, and less dangerous, with a higher application value. The approach of bioremediation is of low cost and creates no secondary contaminants. Physical electrodynamics is easy to understand and has a distinct effect.

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13

Wang, Peng, Chong Chen Wang, Li Li Feng y Xiang Juan Tian. "Investigation of Lead and Cadmium Content of Plant Leaves along a Ring Road in Beijing". Advanced Materials Research 281 (julio de 2011): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.17.

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The contents of lead and cadmium in the leaves of Chinese Rose along 4th ring roads in Beijing were determined respectively, and index of air environment pollution of plants was introduced to study the relationship between the content of lead and cadmium in leaves and air pollution. The results revealed that the air quality based from lead content in leaves at many locations belong to strongly polluted status, while the air quality based on cadmium content of Chinese Rose leaves at many location belonged to extremely polluted status. It is practical to evaluate air pollution conditions using content of heavy metal (such as lead and cadmium) in leaves of plant.

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14

Hossain, Sahadat, Gulshan Ara Latifa, Prianqa y Abdullah Al Nayeem. "Review of Cadmium Pollution in Bangladesh". Journal of Health and Pollution 9, n.º 23 (septiembre de 2019): 190913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.23.190913.

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15

ZAKIROVA, Marina N. y Elena V. CHUPRINA. "ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY CADMIUM". Urban construction and architecture 8, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2018): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.01.11.

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Technological processes are considered and the industries that are the source of cadmium entering the environment are identifi ed. The materials, raw materials and technologies promoting pollution of air with Cd-containing emissions are determined. The ways of gett ing cadmium into the human body are considered. The negative consequences of accumulation of heavy metal in the human body are estimated. The method of atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to study food products for the content of cadmium in them. Studies allow to regard cadmium as a super-toxicant of the environment due to its widespread prevalence and extreme danger. The measures of a technical and medico-prophylactic nature to limit the effects of cadmium on humans are proposed.

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16

Mokhtar, G., E. Hossny, M. El Awady y M. Zekry. "In utero exposure to cadmium pollution in Cairo and Giza governorates of Egypt". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 8, n.º 2-3 (15 de junio de 2002): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.2-3.254.

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Serum cadmium levels at delivery were measured in a consecutive sample of 100 mother-infant pairs in Egypt using venous blood from mothers and umbilical cord blood from neonates. The serum cadmium levels of mothers ranged from 0.4 to 2.2 microg/L [mean 0.73 microg/L] and of infants from 0.2 to 1.5 microg/L [mean 0.66 microg/L]. Infant cadmium levels were about 70% of maternal levels in most pairs. Serum cadmium was significantly higher in mothers and babies passively exposed to tobacco smoke. Five-minute Apgar scores were negatively correlated with cord blood cadmium levels. The cadmium levels did not differ between subjects from Cairo and Giza or according to urban, suburban or rural areas. Thus, in utero exposure to cadmium was evident and wider-scale studies on its long-term effects are recommended.

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17

Lu, Yichang, Jiaqi Cheng, Jieni Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Yijun Tian, Chenxiao Liu, Leichang Cao y Yanmei Zhou. "Efficient Remediation of Cadmium Contamination in Soil by Functionalized Biochar: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects". Processes 10, n.º 8 (17 de agosto de 2022): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081627.

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Heavy metal pollution in soil seriously harms human health and animal and plant growth. Among them, cadmium pollution is one of the most serious issues. As a promising remediation material for cadmium pollution in soil, functionalized biochar has attracted wide attention in the last decade. This paper summarizes the preparation technology of biochar, the existing forms of heavy metals in soil, the remediation mechanism of biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil, and the factors affecting the remediation process, and discusses the latest research advances of functionalized biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil. Finally, the challenges encountered by the implementation of biochar for remediating Cd contamination in soil are summarized, and the prospects in this field are highlighted for its expected industrial large-scale implementation.

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18

Sartor, Francis A., Désiré J. Rondia, Francoise D. Claeys, Jan A. Staessen, Robert R. Lauwerys, Alfred M. Bernard, Jean Pierre Buchet et al. "Impact of Environmental Cadmium Pollution on Cadmium Exposure and Body Burden". Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 47, n.º 5 (octubre de 1992): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1992.9938373.

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19

Song, Li, Zhenzhi Pan, Yi Dai, Lin Chen, Li Zhang, Qilin Liao, Xiezhi Yu, Hongyan Guo y Guisheng Zhou. "Characterization and comparison of the bacterial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils from cadmium-polluted wheat fields". PeerJ 8 (4 de noviembre de 2020): e10302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10302.

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Cadmium pollution is becoming a serious problem due to its nondegradability and substantial negative influence on the normal growth of crops, thereby harming human health through the food chain. Rhizospheric bacteria play important roles in crop tolerance. However, there is little experimental evidence which demonstrates how various cadmium concentrations affect the bacterial community in wheat fields including rhizosphere microorganisms and nonrhizosphere (bulk) microorganisms. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology was used to investigate bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils under different levels of pollution in terms of cadmium concentration. Both the richness and diversity of the rhizosphere microorganism community were higher under nonpolluted soil and very mild and mild cadmium-contaminated soils than compared with bulk soil, with a shift in community profile observed under severe cadmium pollution. Moreover, cadmium at various concentrations had greater influence on bacterial composition than for the nonpolluted site. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Spearman’s analysis elucidated the impact of exchangeable Cd and total Cd on bacterial community abundance and composition. This study suggests that cadmium imposes a distinct effect on bacterial community, both in bulk and rhizosphere soils of wheat fields. This study increases our understanding of how bacterial communities in wheat fields shaped under different concentrations of cadmium.

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20

Etuke, J. O. y N. I. Ihimekpen. "Potential of Arthrobacter nicotiniae to Preferentially Remove Lead, Cadmium, Silver and Zinc from Contaminated Soil from Amaonye-Ishiagu Agricultural Forest, Ebonyi State, Nigeria". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2023): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i4.16.

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This study evaluates the potential of Arthrobacter nicotiniae to preferentially remove lead, cadmium, silver and zinc from contaminated soil from Amaonye-ishiagu Agricultural Forest, Ebonyi State, Nigeria using standard methods. The study revealed optimum values of factor as 8ml of nutrient volume, 5g of the organism, 30oC of temperature, pH of 8 and stirring frequency of 4pw. The study showed 79.78% removal of lead, 61.50% removal of cadmium, 48.59% removal of arsenic and 7.04% removal of zinc on the 35th day. The organism is thus good for lead and cadmium pollution control, arsenic pollution abatement but it is neither good for zinc pollution control, nor abatement.

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21

Phillips, C. J. C., P. C. Chiy, H. Omed y M. Saatci. "Cadmium pollution of feed consumed by sheep and its amelioration with zinc supplements". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997 (1997): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595908.

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Anthropogenic cadmium is increasing the cadmium concentration in herbage consumed by ruminants. It is derived mainly from phosphate fertilisers and mineral mixes added to concentrates, but in future sewage sludge applications to pasture may be more important. It has the potential to damage the health of the ruminants and ultimately the humans that consume their contaminated products, in particular offal. Cadmium is initially complexed by metalloproteins in the liver, extracted from the blood by the kidney and excreted in urine. In severe cases it impairs the reabsorption capabilities of the proximal tubules of the kidney. Although many clinical studies have been conducted with provocative levels of cadmium fed to laboratory animals, little is known about the potential for typical levels of cadmium in mildly contaminated feed to cause kidney damage in sheep.

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22

Dou, Ming y Congying Li. "Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium Pollution Emergency". Energy Procedia 16 (2012): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.048.

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23

Nedzvetsky, V. S., V. Ya Gasso, A. M. Hahut y I. A. Hasso. "Glial cytotoxicity of low doses of cadmium as a model of heavy metal pollution influence on vertebrates". Ecology and Noospherology 31, n.º 1 (2 de abril de 2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032001.

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Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.

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24

Morgan, R., Y. Kundomal y E. Hupp. "Cadmium deposition in rat heart following cadmium chloride and/or60Co radiation". Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 29, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529409376021.

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25

Naser, Habib Mohammad, Sarmin Sultana, Rebeca Gomes y Shamsun Noor. "Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil and Vegetable Grown Near Roadside at Gazipur". Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, n.º 1 (11 de julio de 2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11170.

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Levels of lead, cadmium, and nickel in roadside soils and vegetables along a major highway in Gazipur, Bangladesh were investigated. Soil samples were collected at distances of 0, 50, 100, and 1000 m (meter) from the road. The concentrations of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in soil and vegetables (bottle gourd and pumpkin) decreased with distance from the road, indicating their relation to traffic and automotive emissions. The concentration of cadmium (Cd) was found to be independent of distance from road. There were significant differences in the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and nickel for different plant species and soils at various distances. The heavy metals contents both in the soils and vegetables for every distance from the road was found in the order nickel>lead>cadmium. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11170 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 9-17, March 2012

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Grema, H. M., H. Hamidu, A. Suleiman, A. I. Kankara, A. O. Umaru y N. F. Abdulmalik. "Cadmium geochemistry and groundwater pollution status evaluation using indexing and spatial analysis for Keffe community and Environs Sokoto Basin, North Western Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 30, n.º 1 (24 de agosto de 2022): 05–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v30i1.2.

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Representative groundwater samples were collected from the Kaffe community and environs to evaluate the concentrations and geochemical constraints for mobilizing cadmium (Cd) and selected heavy metals. Field-based in-situ measurements of physicochemical parameters were combined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer analysis of dissolved elemental concentrations. Pollution indices (i.e. heavy metal pollution index; HPI, heavy metal evaluation index; HEI, contamination degree; Cd, metal index; MI, synthetic pollution index; SPI, ecological risk index; ERI and Nemerow index; NI) evaluations highlighted the levels of heavy metals in the groundwater. Cadmium and iron (Fe) concentrations exceeded the recommended limits in 97% of the analysed samples, with an average pH of 6.3. Strong positive correlations were observed between cadmium and the computed pollution indices (p 0.774 to p 0.100), suggesting significant Cd pollution of the groundwater. Components analysis grouped Cd, Fe, and the pollution indices in the first PC. This was favourably compared to the correlation analysis result. Cluster analysis categorized Cd, Zn and pH in the first cluster consistent with the suggested dissolution and enrichment of Cd and Zn in the groundwater under similar geochemical conditions. The study area is medium and moderately polluted based on HPI, HEI, Cd, and NI.

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Wang, Meng, Xiao Li Li y Yu Li. "Characteristic of Competitive Adsorption of Dimethoate with a Variety of Pollutants on Surficial Sediments through Fractional Factorial Design". Advanced Materials Research 599 (noviembre de 2012): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.467.

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In order to reveal the combined pollution characteristic of dimethoate adsorption onto the surficial sediments in pesticide (dimethoate, metalaxyl, atrazine, malathion, prometryn)/heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel) composite contamination system, a completely foldover design and confounding design assisted resolution Ⅲ of 210-6 fractional factorial design method is used to identify the main effects and interactions of these ten pollution factors. The study found that the main effects of zinc, cadmium, malathion, prometryn have significant effect (α=0.05) to dimethoate adsorption on the sediment, in which zinc and cadmium will significantly antagonism to adsorption of dimethoate, while metalaxyl and prometryn will significantly collaborative to adsorption of dimethoate, and these main effects’ contribution rates are 64.4% and the second-order interaction effects’ contributions are 35.6%. According to the effect estimates of main effects and second-order interaction effects, zinc*prometryn and cadmium*atrazine have significantly antagonism to adsorption of dimethoate. Moreover, we also can estimate the compound pollution levels about the target pollutant on these main effects and second-order interaction effects of pollutant factors.

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Fireman, Einat Klein, Yochai Adir, Elizabeth Fireman y Aharon Kessel. "Cigarette-related cadmium and environmental pollution exposure are reflected in airway ultrafine particle content". ERJ Open Research 6, n.º 3 (julio de 2020): 00361–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00361-2019.

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IntroductionParticulate matter (PM) and cigarette-related cadmium exposure increases inflammation and smokers' susceptibility to developing lung diseases. The majority of inhaled metals are attached to the surface of ultrafine particles (UFPs). A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) reflects a high inflammatory status of airways.MethodsEBC was collected from 58 COPD patients and 40 healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Participants underwent spirometry, diffusion capacity, EBC and blood sampling. Environmental pollution data were collected from monitoring stations. UFPs were measured in EBC and serum, and cadmium content was quantified.ResultsSubjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC (<0.18×108·mL−1) had been exposed to higher long-term PM2.5 levels versus subjects with high UFP concentrations in EBC (>0.18×108·mL−1) (21.9 µg·m−3versus 17.4 µg·m−3, p≤0.001). Long-term PM2.5 exposure levels correlated negatively with UFP concentrations in EBC and positively with UFP concentrations in serum (r=−0.54, p≤0.001 and r=0.23, p=0.04, respectively). Healthy smokers had higher cadmium levels in EBC versus healthy nonsmokers and COPD patients (25.2 ppm versus 23.7 ppm and 23.3 ppm, p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Subjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC also had low cadmium levels in EBC versus subjects with high UFP levels (22.8 ppm versus 24.2 ppm, p=0.004)ConclusionsLow UFP concentration in EBC is an indicator of high-level PM exposure. High cadmium levels in EBC among smokers and the association between cadmium and UFP content in EBC among COPD patients indicate cadmium lung toxicity.

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Moch. Amin Alamsjah, Muhammad Nur Faith Zulkarnain, Boedi Setya Rahardja,. "Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) Pada Spesies Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Dan Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) Di Perairan Manyar, Gresik Dan Di Perairan Jabon, Sidoarjo [The Study Of Heavy Metal Content Cadmium (Cd) Species On (Rastrelliger kanagurata) And (Anadara granosa) In Manyar, Gresik And Jabon Sidoarjo]". Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 5, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v5i1.11422.

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Abstract Marine pollution to be contamination that often occurs at this time. Commonly, one of pollutants found at sea is heavy metal pollution because heavy metal can be dangerous, it is not degraded by the body, toxicity properties in living organisms even at low concentrations and can be accumulated in a certain period. Heavy metals are found in marine waters are polluted Cadmium (Cd). Biota were used as indicators of environmental pollution marine white is fish and shellfish bloating blood. Standard National Indonesia (SNI) based, maximum Content of Cadmium in the body of organisms was 0,2 mg/kg. The aimed of the study to determine differences in Heavy Metal Cadmium fish and shellfish bloating blood contained in Manyar, Gresik waters and the Jabon, Sidoarjo waters. This research is descriptive and the data obtained and analyzed Independent Samples T 2 test. Cadmium content analysis done by destructive methods then performed using Atomic Absorbance readings Spectrophotometric (AAS). Based on analysis of the has been done that cadmium content the heavy metal of cadmium content in the Manyar Gresik water, in Gresik on Mackerel average rate (0.12888) ppm, and still below the Indonesian National Standard threshold (SNI 0,2 mg/kg), and blood clams at (1.24483) ppm have exceeded the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 0,2 mg/kg). The content of cadmium in the Jabon Sidoarjo waters, the mackerel average rate (0,01891) ppm, and still below the threshold Indonesian National Standard (SNI 0,2 mg/kg), and blood clams at (0,69937) ppm, has exceeded threshold of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 0,2 mg/kg).

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Dierkes, C. y W. F. Geiger. "Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils". Water Science and Technology 39, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 1999): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0119.

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Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium Contaminated soil by Sesbania rostrata plant and AM fungi Glomus mosseae". Baghdad Science Journal 13, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2016): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.212-217.

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This study was conducted to determine the activity of plant Sesbania rostrata and two isolate from arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (A,B) as a bioremediation of soil polluted by cadmium and lead elements in north and south of Baghdad city. The results showed that the average of soil pollution by cadmium and lead elements in north of Baghdad was less than the average of soil pollution in the south of Baghdad which recorded 10.0, 9.0 mg/kg and 27.0, 25.0 mg/kg respectively. The plant Sesbania recorded ability to accumulate the lead element in shoot system 19.65 mg/kg and in root system 27.2 mg/kg and for cadmium element 19.6, 24.6 mg/kg in shoot and root respectively. The results showed that the isolate A from soil pollution is more effected than isolate B which isolated from uncontaminated soil.

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32

Tang, Xin y Yuqin Ni. "Review of Remediation Technologies for Cadmium in soil". E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301037.

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Heavy metal pollution in soil has seriously affected the living environment of human beings. Among all heavy metal pollution, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most difficult to migrate pollutants in soil. In China, more than 11 provinces and 25 regions are rich in cadmium in the soil. At present, many researchers are looking for a proper Cd pollution remediation method. Through literature review and comparative analysis, this study summarized the main repair methods, including physical repair (digging and filling, electro kinetic remediation, frozen soil remediation technology, stabilization technology), chemical curing technology (chemical healing technology, chemical extraction), bioremediation technology (Phytoremediation technology, microbial remediation technology, animal repair technology), and joint repair (Chelating agent phytoremediation, microbial remediation). Finally, we explored the principles of these methods and compared their advantages and disadvantages. It was found that the application and selection of different treatment technologies depended on Cd rich soil area, Cd pollutant content, treatment time and other factors. In the future, the remediation of soil cadmium pollution should be scientifically selected according to the local actual situation and pay attention to the joint application of various methods.

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33

Udousoro, II y ME Essien. "Transfer of metals from soil to Cucumis sativus fruit and possible health risk assessment under actual field condition." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, n.º 70 (23 de junio de 2015): 10077–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.70.15265.

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Toxic metals levels in Cucumis sativus (cucumber) plant and soil in an area of the oil producing Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. The study was carried out in a small scale Cucumis sativus farm located in Idim Afia village in Eket Local Government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria . Toxic metal s levels in soil were lower than the background levels except cadmium . Bioconcentration factor revealed that both toxic and major metals concentrated more in the root except for lead and cadmium which concentrated more in the shoot. Though the fruit is a good source of potassium (bioconcentration factor =14.90), it also hyper -accumulates nickel (bioconcentration factor =84.00) , qualifying it as an indicator of nickel pollution. Effective transfer ( Transfer Factor >1) of metals were observed for lead and cadmium from root to shoot; zinc , nickel , chromium and cadmium from shoot to leaf; and nickel and chromium from shoot to fruit. Generally, transfer factor within the organs w as less than one . Indices of soil pollution indicate d low to moderate pollution of farm soil and, also anthropogenic origin for cadmium and chromium (concentration factor >1). Principal component analysis extracted three major components accounting for 94.351% of total variance, and characterised by strong associations with exhaust emissions, leaching of industrial and domestic waste and agricultural activities. The main human exposure route of all toxic metals in Eket was through ingestion of fruit. Non -carcinogenic chronic daily in take and non- carcinogenic hazard quotient were higher in farm and purchased fruit than in the farm soil. Non - carcinogenic hazard quotient s of individual exposure pathways and the total non - carcinogenic hazard quotient was <1, indicating no potential health concern for zinc , nickel , lead , cadmium , and chromium pollution in Eket at the time of study. It was observed that chromium posed least risk to the local population, with hazard quotient ranging from 0.000 in soil to 0.0006 in farm fruit. However, cadmium in farm soil, and nickel and lead in the fruit, presented higher values for non- carcinogenic risk in the study area, hence more attention should be paid to cadmium , nickel and lead pollution in future studies. The results of this study may inform policy on the prevention of food contamination by toxic metals.

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34

Anderberg, S. y W. M. Stigliani. "An Integrated Approach for Identifying Sources of Pollution: The Example of Cadmium Pollution in the Rhine River Basin". Water Science and Technology 29, n.º 3 (1 de febrero de 1994): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0064.

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IIASA' s project, Sources of Chemical Pollution in the Rhine Basin, is a comprehensive analysis of the sources of toxic materials in the Basin 1950–2010. The study employs the concept of industrial metabolism. This approach provides a comprehensive view of production and consumption processes and their effects on the environment. It entails a systematic analysis of all sources of a given material, its pathways through the industrial economy, and the mechanisms by which it is transformed into outputs to be adsorbed and processed by the environment. Losses to air, water and soil are estimated. In this paper we present the results obtained for the historical development of cadmium pollution. The historical evolution of cadmium pollution is more or less representative of the overall trends for the other heavy metals. The results indicate that the Rhine river has experienced a significant decline in the load of cadmium over the last 20 years. Another observed trend is that while the absolute load to the river has decreased, the relative shares of the load contributed by point sources and diffuse sources have been reversed compared to 20 years ago. While point sources dominated emissions in the early 1970s, now diffuse sources are more important. These sources may be more difficult to control, however, since they are much more numerous than point sources, are related to dissipative consumptive uses which cannot be easily monitored or regulated, and in many cases the pathways and sources of emissions have not been identified.

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35

Huang, Guan Jia, Shao Mei Fang, Jian Xian y Jie Mei Jiang. "The Model of the Pearl River Water Pollution Based on Reaction Diffusion Equation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (noviembre de 2013): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.199.

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In this paper, we study the Pearl River cadmium spill. Based on the reaction diffusion equations, we can monitor the concentration of pollutants any time. We find that in 20 kilometers distance from pollution sources, the concentration of cadmium is high. At last, we improve the model.

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Mikhailenko, Anna V., Dmitry A. Ruban, Vladimir A. Ermolaev y A. J. (Tom) van Loon. "Cadmium Pollution in the Tourism Environment: A Literature Review". Geosciences 10, n.º 6 (22 de junio de 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060242.

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Cadmium is a highly-toxic metal, and, its environmental occurrence and human exposure consequently deserve close attention. The insight into the relationships between cadmium and tourism relations has deepened during the past three decades and the research into this relationship is reviewed. For this purpose, 83 relevant publications (mainly articles in international journals) were analyzed. It was found that investigation of Cd in the tourism environment took place in all continents (except Antarctica) and has intensified since the mid-2000s; Chinese researchers are the most active contributors. The Cd occurrence in air, living organisms, sediments, soil, suspended particular matter, water, and of the human environment has been studied. It has become clear that tourism contributes to Cd pollution (particularly, by hotel wastewater and increased traffic), and, vice versa, Cd pollution of beaches, coastal waters, food, urban parks, etc. creates risks for tourists and increases human exposure to this toxic metal. Both mechanisms have received equal attention. Examples concern many places worldwide, with the Mediterranean and Central and Eastern Europe as apparently critical regions. Our significantly incomplete knowledge of the relationships between cadmium and tourism must be ascribed to the common oversimplification of these relationships and to the scarcity or even absence of information supplied by the most important tourist destinations. The present review demonstrates that more studies of heavy metals and, particularly, Cd in the tourism environment are needed.

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Nair, Indu V., Kailash Singh, M. Arumugam y D. Clarson. "Monitoring of Trace Metal Pollution in Meenachil River at Kottayam, Kerala (India)". E-Journal of Chemistry 8, n.º 1 (2011): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/952040.

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The water quality of the Meenachil river at Kottayam has been studied with reference to toxic trace metals during pre and post monsoon seasons for 10 stations during May 2009-September 2009. The metals analyzed include Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Lead, Copper and Cadmium. Among the metals studied, iron, lead and cadmium showed higher concentrations above the permissible limit for drinking water prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards. Iron and lead showed higher concentration during post monsoon and the cadmium content was high during pre-monsoon. It was observed that the main causes of deterioration in water quality might be due to the discharge of domestic wastes, municipal wastes, terrestrial runoff from seepage sites, agricultural sites and also due to geological weathering process.

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Ahmad, Kafeel, Nimra Arshad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Humayun Bashir, Sonaina Nazar, Kinza Wajid, Mudasra Munir et al. "Evaluation of Cadmium Contaminated Roadside Soil Surface and its Transfer to Animals through Forage: Assessing the Health Risk Assessment for Ruminants". Revista de Chimie 71, n.º 11 (4 de diciembre de 2020): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.11.8371.

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The increasing pollution in most industrialized area is a really attention seeking issue now a days. Air pollution caused by vehicular smoke contains handsome percentages of heavy metals like cadmium. Cadmium like other heavy metals accumulated in the bodies of living systems found around roads. Among the living system cadmium accumulate up to alarming rate like in soil, plants and animals. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the possible risk of the Cadmium on the soil, forage and buffalos. The study was done in the area of Sargodha district, Punjab, Pakistan. There were six sites selected for study on accumulation of Cd in the forages, soil and the Buffalo blood. The Cd content in soil samples was highest in sample collected from site III. The Cd content was highest in the forage sample collected from site IV and in the blood samples, and the bioaccumulation factor was highest in the samples collected from site V. The positive and non-significant correlation was found when soil and forage was correlated, unlike the correlation found between blood and forage which was found negative non-significant. The samples from site III showed high daily intake of metals, health risk index, and pollution load index. This study will bring attention towards the development of the strategies in order to be safe from the toxic effects of cadmium.

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Liu, Xue, Jun Chao Cai y Yue Hong Shu. "The Elimination of Pollution of Toxic Cadmium and Arsenic in Lead-Based Alloys of Lead-Acid Batteries in China". Advanced Materials Research 983 (junio de 2014): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.319.

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An overview of the development of lead-based alloys in lead-acid batteries is presented. Advantages and historical achievements of toxic cadmium, arsenic alloys are affirmed. Compared to cadmium-free and arsenic-free batteries, the shortcomings and performance gapes of cadmium-containing, arsenic-containing batteries are noted. Focusing the prospect of rare earth alloy, and overall promotion of cadmium-free and arsenic-free alloys in China.

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40

M. Ali, Eman Abdullah, Mohsen A. Sayed, Tahany M. A. Abdel-Rahman, Ali M. Hussein y Rabab Hussein. "Bioremediation of Waste Water from Cadmium Pollution using Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles and Fungal Biomasses". Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2019): 1561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.3.29.

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41

Fu, Yuanzhi, Liuliu Wu, V. I. Trotsenko y H. O. Zhatova. "Screening of variety collections of sunflower and winter wheat for Cadmium low accumulation". Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology, n.º 3(37) (30 de septiembre de 2019): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2019.3.7.

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Cadmium pollution in soil is a long-term and urgent problem, which directly affects the edible value of sunflower and winter wheat and may cause harm to human health. Breeding new varieties with low cadmium accumulation can effectively reduce the content of this element in seeds and fundamentally solve the risk of cadmium entering the human body through seeds and oil. In this paper, the method and significance of breeding sunflower and winter wheat with low cadmium accumulation were discussed.

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42

El-Kholy,, A. "POLLUTION OF BUFFALO MILK BY LEAD AND CADMIUM". Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 32, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2007): 1743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2007.219443.

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43

Yuan, Zengwei, Tao Luo, Xuewei Liu, Hui Hua, Yujie Zhuang, Xuehua Zhang, Ling Zhang, You Zhang, Weiwei Xu y Jinghua Ren. "Tracing anthropogenic cadmium emissions: From sources to pollution". Science of The Total Environment 676 (agosto de 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.250.

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Coleman, N., T. F. Mann, M. Mobley y N. Hickman. "Mytilus edulis planulatus: an ?integrator? of cadmium pollution?" Marine Biology 92, n.º 1 (julio de 1986): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00392738.

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45

Yu, Jinfeng, Jicheng Zhang y Hualong Hong. "Characterization and Expression Analysis of Four Cadmium-Tolerance-Associated Genes of Avicennia marina (Forsk.)". Biology 12, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020216.

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Mangroves colonize the intertidal area of estuaries (e.g., Pichavaram, Payardia, and Mai Po) with remarkable cadmium (Cd) pollution. A study on the mechanism of mangrove plant response to Cd pollution can help to understand the adaptive characteristics of plants under Cd stress. This study explored the roles of peroxidase (PRX), pectate lyase (PL), and phytosulfokine (PSK) genes in cadmium tolerance of mangrove Avicennia marina. Full-length sequences of four genes (i.e., AmPRX1, AmPRX2, AmPL, and AmPSK) associated with metal tolerance were identified with suppression subtractive hybridization and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. These genes showed the characteristic features of the respective protein family, indicating functions similar to other plant proteins. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that cadmium exposure resulted in differences in expression patterns among the tissues. Our findings emphasize the complex regulatory mechanism of these four genes in response to trace metal pollution and reveal their functions in metabolic signaling during the stress response.

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46

Schüürmann, Gerrit, Gerd Schädlich y Ralph Kühne. "Ökotoxikologische Risikoanalyse der Cadmium-Belastung". Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 6, n.º 1 (abril de 1994): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02937117.

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47

Meng, Zhao Hong, Yuan Fu Zheng y Hai Feng Xiao. "Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Elements in Soil". Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (enero de 2011): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.82.

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In order to assess the risk of heavy metal elements, including mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, copper and zinc in soil, the soil was tested by Nemerow and Hakanson methods to assess the pollution and potentially ecological risk. The results indicated that among six kinds of heavy mental elements, cadmium had the highest accumulation, lead and chromium had the lowest accumulation in urban topsoil by comparison to the background concentration of the second grade standard values of the Chinese environmental quality standards for soil. The pollution degree of heavy metals used by Nemerow methods was showed medium pollution in one-third sample sites and the others were slight. The potentially ecological risk was slight. The degree of heavy metal pollution and the potentially ecological risk were slight using the two methods.

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48

Waalkes, Michael P. y Sabine Rehm. "Cadmium and prostate cancer". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 43, n.º 3 (noviembre de 1994): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399409531920.

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Zhang, Xiaowen, Ying Yan, Syed Abdul Wadood, Qianqian Sun y Boli Guo. "Source apportionment of cadmium pollution in agricultural soil based on cadmium isotope ratio analysis". Applied Geochemistry 123 (diciembre de 2020): 104776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104776.

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Maslać, Ana, Maja Maslać y Mirta Tkalec. "The Impact of Cadmium on Photosynthetic Performance and Secondary Metabolites in the Lichens Parmelia sulcata, Flavoparmelia caperata and Evernia prunastri". Acta Botanica Croatica 75, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2016): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0034.

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Abstract Lichens are one of the most common air quality bioindicators. Airborne heavy metal pollution causes various physiological changes in lichens, but sensitivity to metal pollution is species specific. In this research, three lichen species (Parmelia sulcata, Flavoparmelia caperata and Evernia prunastri) were exposed to cadmium (50 mg L−1) in laboratory conditions. Photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II and content of secondary metabolites were determined after one, three and eight days of exposure. In all investigated species treatment of lichen thalli with cadmium significantly changed Fv/Fm and RFd only after eight days of exposure. Quantification of metabolites showed a decreased content of the medullary depsidones salazinic acid (in P. sulcata) and protocetraric acid (in F. caperata) but increased content of cortical depside atranorin (in P. sulcata) and dibenzofurane usnic acid (in F. caperata) after cadmium exposure. However, no changes in secondary metabolites were found in E. prunastri. Results show that investigated species are relatively resistant to short-term cadmium-exposure and that secondary metabolites could have an important role in the protection of primary metabolism from negative cadmium impacts, at least in some species.

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