Tesis sobre el tema "Cacao – Certification – Côte d'Ivoire"
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Jouvin, Marine. "Strategic misreporting along the value chain : the case of certified cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0201.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the challenges raised by information asymmetries in certified cocoa value chains in Côte d’Ivoire. It aims to detect and assess the extent of non-compliance with certification standards among cocoa farmers, middlemen, and cooperatives. The first chapter measures the reliance on child labor among certified cocoa farmers using an indirect questioning method, the list experiment, to mitigate social desirability bias. It reveals significant underreporting of child laborwhenclassic, direct questioning methods are used. The second chapter investigates dishonest behaviors among cocoa middlemen through a lab-in-the-field experiment, and highlights the high prevalence of cheating and the effectiveness of monitoring and sanction mechanisms in reducing such dishonest behaviors. The third chapter explores side-sourcing practices, i.e. whether conventional beans are labeled as certified ones, within certified cocoa supply chains by cross-checking transaction data from farmers, middlemen, and cooperatives, uncovering widespread discrepancies and potential side-sourcing from cooperatives. Overall, these findings highlight the shortcomings of current certification standards and emphasize the need for enhanced monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, to ensure the credibility and effectiveness of certification in the cocoa industry
Goba, David. "La Côte d'Ivoire et l'action internationale pour le cacao : commerce des produits de base et développement". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32060.
Texto completoZamble, Carine. "Impact du changement de politique agricole dans la filière cacao en Côte d'Ivoire : analyse de son évolution". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26039.
Texto completoJarrige, Françoise. "La dynamique d'offre de cacao entre marché, conditions naturelles et institutions : interprétation à partir d'une comparaison Côte d'Ivoire - Malaisie". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE007.
Texto completoThe surplus crisis on the world cocoa market at the end of the 80's is part of a usual surplus-deficy cycle which the political reglation attemps on the international scene did not succeed to jugulate. The world market situation remains largely submitted to the supply dynamics. In the long term, there is no imbalance in the world cocoa market. However, in the short and medium term, the supply is the main factor of both market disturbance and market adjustment. What are the determinants of cocoa supply dynamics? The market price is the leading factor of cocoa production growth. Natural conditions have a double impact: in the long term, they determine the location of production areas and the production cycle; in the short term, climate, pest and disease hazards cause fluctuations on the market. These factors do not have a homogenous effect on cocoa supply in major producing countries and one can identify delayed entries in the market, differences in the dynamics of the cocoa boom and long term production, heterogeneity in the integration of cocoa industry in the national economy. This research is based on a through investigation of the world market mechanisms, a comparative study of cocoa dynamics in Malaysia and Cote d'Ivoire and an in-depth reflection on the different theoretical paradigms
Losch, Bruno. "Le complexe café-cacao de la Côte d'Ivoire : une relecture de la trajectoire ivoirienne". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10054.
Texto completoAffou, Yapi Simplice. "Quel devenir pour les systèmes productifs à base de cacaoyers er de cafeiers en Côte d'Ivoire ?" Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10048.
Texto completoRuf, François. "Stratification sociale en économie de plantation ivoirienne". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100155.
Texto completoThe author proposes an interpretation of the plantation economy in Ivory Coast from the "mining" or pioneer phase to the phase of scarcity of factors of production: land, forest and labor. The problem of the reproduction or disappearance of the plantation economy is described. The plantation economy in Ivory Coast grew from the encounter between land and labor, between those who initially held the land - mainly "autochthons" - and those - mainly foreign - who controlled the labor. Capital was not involved in this meeting. There is a paradox. Firstly, the cacao-tree has become exploitation capital, based on labor and land and thus accessible to a large number of people. The Ivory Coast plantation economy illustrates a primitive capital accumulation process which is relatively egalitarian since capital is available to the majority. At the same time, the cacao-tree is capital which is created and acquired individually, enhancing the process of breaking down the social regulations aimed at limiting inequality of wealth. Cacao or coffee capital thus tends to induce social differentiation which is real but limited and partially reversible. The capital has now been formed: 3 million hectares of coffee and cocoa plantations involving 500,000 holdings. Today, the renewal of plantation capital has new credit requirements, new technical procedures, greater landholding security and upheavals in peasant organization and its relations with the state. Because of lack of cash and credit, large holdings may be divided up or disappear to the profit of smaller holdings. At the same time, new large holdings may be created by the in the injection of operating capital into the farming system. Agrarian capital, hitherto marginal or nonexistent in cacao-growing in Ivory Coast, may thus perhaps have a chance of developing, but these opportunities are compromised by the 1980-90 cacao crisis
Balac, Ronan. "Gens de terre, gens de réseaux : mécanismes de production et lien social : pour une nouvelle mise en perspective de l'économie de plantation en Côte d'Ivoire". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0025.
Texto completoSince the end of the eighties, plantation economy based on coffee and cocoa is facing in Côte d’Ivoire a deep crisis. The imminent disappearance of last forest masses and the reduction of access to labour force witch is linked to it, are indeed threatening reproduction within the system. What possible solutions are there today? Are we seeing the beginning of intensification work or technology or are we seeing a slow disappearance of the system through emigration and labour forces? How does one explain the current changes? To follow and fully understand the evolution of this agricultural system of production, our research work is based on the following hypothesis: migrants are more concerned with the survival of their domestic group and the social link with their community of origin than with safeguarding their space of production. Migration, in the sense that it constitutes the instrument of this desire of social reproduction, naturally serves as the "revealing" factor and basis for "analysis" of the economic system based on coffee and cocoa. Through this migration factor, we aim at demonstrating how the logic of family and community reproduction command the structuring and de-structuring of the plantation economy
Gue, Yékan Honoré. "La protection du consommateur en Côte d'Ivoire". Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10030.
Texto completoMermet, Gérard. "Cacao : influence des paramètres de torréfaction sur la consommation des précurseurs d'arôme et la formation de quelques composés volatils". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20185.
Texto completoIkpo, Ley G. "Côte d'Ivoire ˸ enjeux démocratiques : les acteurs politiques et leurs actions au sein de la société ivoirienne de 1940 à 2010". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB244/document.
Texto completoDemocracy has always been an activity practiced by many. Various popular revolutions had been enforced in order to achieve the most suitable form of democracy through time and space. Hence, the 1936 reforms enforced by the French Popular Front in France were also dispatched in the former colonies. Ivorians created then some political parties that were headed by the PDCI until March 30, 1990. In 1999, the first bloodless state coup was registered and Bédié was overthrown by Gen. Robert Guei. In October 2000, Guei was also removed from power through a mass popular uprising. Meanwhile, in September 2002, the country was divided into a northern Muslim bastion and a southern Christian headquarters, when Gbagbo was on official visit to Italy. The Linas-Marcoussis, Pretoria and Ouagadougou agreements, led to new elections out of which the Constitutional Council proclaimed Gbagbo President while the Independent Electoral Commission legitimated Ouattara. The country fell once more into collapse. Gbagbo was then arrested on April 11, 2011 and sent to the Haye on November 29, where Blé Goudé joined him on March 23, 2014, and their trial is still on nowadays. Since the old days up till now, democracy seems to be a utopia among Ivoirians
Sanial, Elsa. "A la recherche de l'ombre, géographie des systèmes agroforestiers émergents en cacaoculture ivoirienne post-forestière". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3058.
Texto completoIn Ivory Coast, where 40% of world cocoa beans are produced, most forests have been converted into cocoa plantations. After a century of expansion, this crop and its producers are facing with a new environmental situation, here called « post-forest conditions ». Firstly, forest cover has almost completely disappeared ; secondly, monocultures are showing their limits (pests attacks, productive lifelenght shortened) ; and finally recent climatic evolutions are less suitable to this crop (Bigot et al., 2005). The conjunction of these different elements has led to a « structural blockage » (Leonard and Oswald, 1996). In cocoa history, when such situation occurs another country or region would take over the area in crisis for cocoa production (Ruf, 1995). This PhD studies adaptation strategies, especially agroforestry ones, of cocoa farmers and depicts a possible bifurcation from the universal boom and busts model. It is based on botanic inventories, farmers interviews, multichronic land use maps (1956-2017) and two monographies. Farmers agroforestry practices are analysed at environmental and socio-political data crossroads on four sites representative of different stages of cocoa history (from East to West : Akoupé, Divo, Guéyo and Méagui). Main results are the following : 1.Studied cocoa plantations are very diverse from systems close to monocropping to dense and multi-stratified agroforests. In the sample studied, 22 % of the 137 studied plots have agroforestry caracteristics. 2.The assessed environmental contributions (biodiversity, aboveground carbon stocks, timber, food use, medicinal use and agronomic contributions to cocoa trees) differ from forest ones. However, farmers management of trees origins (remnant, recruited or planted) shapes agroforests capacity to provide these contributions. 3.Since a decade, there is a trend of densification and diversification of associated trees in cocoa plots. Through the comparison between speeches and practices one can consider that 67% of farmers have an attitude favorable to associated trees. 4.Farmers « post-forest » strategies are diverse, from abandoning cocoa to chemical inputs use or ecological intensification, they include several agroforestry systems and are witnesses of a general will to maintain cocoa production activities in post-forest conditions. 5.Adopting agroforestry strategies appears as an answer to land scarcity situation at household and village scale. 6.Finally, these evolutions of cocoa growing open the needs for new ressources. Governance conflicts about these ressources appropriation at local, regional and national scale are the main obstacle to agroforestry adoption and success. Through a transdisciplinary approach, this geography PhD illustrates the relationships that bounds cocoa producers and post-forest environment
Adoby, Clément. "Facteurs d'évolution des parts de marché agricole : cas du café et du cacao en Côte d'Ivoire, au Ghana et au Nigéria". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10112.
Texto completoTano, Assi Maxime. "Crise cacaoyère et stratégies des producteurs de la sous-préfécture de Meadji au sud-ouest ivoirien". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20015/document.
Texto completoThe cocoa crisis of the late 1970s greatly affected the survival strategies of producers. It manifests in the scarcity of production (land, labour), the decrease in production and revenue, the transformation of the ecological milieu and the decrease in rainfall. In order to overcome these constraints, producers have adopted various strategies that either aim at diversifying their sources of revenue or reduce family responsibilities. The main result of this study is the observation that, the most efficient of these strategies were those shaped while taking into consideration social relationships. They include strategies to diversify revenue, credit, mobilisation of the labour factor, the respect of guidance rules. The diversification of revenue which was based on solidarity and cooperation constitute an important element of the producers’ survival strategies because they have ensured an ineligible first degree security in cocoa crisis
Kouame, Noël Faustin. "Les prix de transfert dans les transactions des entreprises multinationales : Exemple de l'industrie du café et du cacao en Cote d'Ivoire-aspects juridiques, fiscaux et économiques". Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090050.
Texto completo“Transfers pricing are a kind of ‘croquemitaine’ which frightened both states tax services,-seen as an outflow of the tax basis to another countries, and multinational companies. When the multinational companies intend to establish a price to their internal trades, they can’t help asking the ritualistic question: “wouldn’t we have a tax adjustment based on the internal prices?” The answer is most of the time elusive, with phrases like: “it depends on the actual circumstances!” Anyway. It is swimming in uncertainty and this tax insecurity, more specifically; this legal uncertainty in tax matter has been a concern for more than a country. Grouped in the OECD, some of them have felt the need to seek a generally accepted standard that could value the internal flows as fairly as possible. This standard, commonly called “arm’s length principle” tends to reconcile two stands sometime contradictory between the tax services and the multinational companies. The main question raised by our study was whether the means and procedures identified by the OECD would be applicable, given the particular context of developing countries, including Côte d'Ivoire. From the example of the industry of coffee and cocoa, in which the country is the world leader in terms of exportation, this thesis aims to demonstrate that the Ivorian tax system - including Article 38 of CGI, three-quarter century old – which had been a success in the past, seems now obsolete, outdated or even inappropriate to the challenges of a this globalized economy. The strict legal analysis of the internal-trade valuation issues should necessarily give way to an economic analysis of law, less dogmatic and more pragmatic. Therefore, it would be entitled to see a change of rules and procedures for verifying the price, to shift from a post and downstream control to an ‘a priori’ and upstream control, guarantee of security for the Country, businesses and by extension, international investment. "
Sall, Mouhamadou idy. "La Certification des élections, un nouvel outil dans la gestion des processus électoraux en Afrique à travers une opération de maintien de la paix : le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire". Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMD004.
Texto completoThe resolution of the Ivorian crisis requires the holding of an inclusive presidential election. On the basis of the Pretoria Agreement and in accordance with Security Council Resolution 1765 (2005) establishing the certification mandate, the United Nations throughout the Special Representative of the Secretary-General were involved in the electoral process.The certification of the Ivorian electoral process constitutes an unprecedented electoral activity at the heart of national sovereignty. Indeed, the management of the electoral process by national bodies and an international body built on a hybrid legal framework, including national law and international law, to safe-guard the results of the presidential election. The acceptance of the certification’s mechanism by the national authorities in this stately process modifies substantially the traditional hierarchy of the norms which assigns to the Constitution and the Constitutional Council a privileged place in the internal and external reports.Thus, the implementation of the Special Representative’s mandate deprives all binding force from the Constitutional Council’s decision, which is supposed to have the authority of res judicata. The United Nations certification’ statement grants international legitimacy and credibility to the candidate proclaimed by the Independent Electoral Commission to the detriment of the candidate proclaimed victor by the Constitutional Council. This situation urges the Ivorian Constitutional Council to recant, and recognizes the superiority of certification on its decision
Tano, Maxime Assi. "Crise cacaoyère et stratégies des producteurs de la sous-préfécture de Meadji au sud-ouest ivoirien". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713662.
Texto completoGnamian, Yannick Paule-Estelle. "Libéralisation et pauvreté : le cas des producteurs de cacao de la Côte-d'Ivoire". Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1033/1/M10331.pdf.
Texto completoSellare, Jorge Luis. "Food sustainability standards and agricultural cooperatives: implications for the small farm sector of Côte d’Ivoire". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-142C-4.
Texto completoLake, Cynthia. "La prise en compte du genre dans les initiatives des entreprises transnationales : le cas de l’industrie du cacao au Ghana et en Côte-d’Ivoire". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20729.
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