Tesis sobre el tema "Building Energy Efficiency Policies"
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BONAVERO, FEDERICA. "URBAN RETROFIT DESIGN Codes and Labels for Building Energy Efficiency". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2710812.
Texto completoHamad, Samar. "Influence of Energy Benchmarking Policies on the Energy Performance of Existing Buildings". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5196.
Texto completoChmutina, Ksenia. "Theory-based evaluation of the implementation of energy efficiency policies for commercial buildings in China". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28290/.
Texto completoTeodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "O código de obras como instrumento regulatório de eficiência energética em edificações residenciais: proposições para o município de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20072012-121526/.
Texto completoThe national economic and population growth in association with the housing programs to combat housing deficit are expected to result in future increase of energy demand in the residential sector. Considering the already high contribution of the building sector in the electricity consumption of Brazil, the development of policy measures aiming to promote energy efficiency in the sector should be encouraged. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of the Building Code (BC) of São Paulo municipality as a regulatory instrument to promote energy efficiency and make suggestions to revise it. To this end, the paper is divided in three parts: factors that explain the energy consumption (direct and indirect) of buildings and strategies to minimize it; characterization of Building Energy Efficiency Codes (BEEC) and the Brazilian and international panorama regarding its adoption; energy consumption of São Paulo municipality and analysis of energy efficiency requirements in the current BC. As a mandatory and comprehensive regulatory instrument, Building Codes are adequate do promote energy efficiency given the local reality of high annual rates of construction and the significant stock of old buildings which could benefit from retrofitting. Suggestions to a revision process of the BC of São Paulo Municipality include segmentation of energy efficient requirements according to social economic profile of buildings, definition of overall heat transfer coefficient values (U-factor) for building envelope components (walls and roof) of conditioned and non-conditioned areas, and definition of minimum energy efficiency levels for buildings and equipments. Additional contribution of this research includes estimation of electricity use per square meter of building floor area, for the residential and commercial sectors in São Paulo municipality.
Santos, Arthur Henrique Cursino dos. "Eficiência energética e a contribuição dos gases combustíveis: análise de caso das políticas de avaliação de edificações". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20092011-114448/.
Texto completoThe United Nations (UN) has chosen energy efficiency as the most significant action to ensure energy supply in developing economies and mitigate the impacts of global warming. In Brazil, the Brazilian Energy Efficiency Labeling Program (PBE) was launched in 1984 by Inmetro. Two Regulations, adopted in 2010, to evaluate the energy efficiency of commercial and residential buildings, are part of PBE. The objective of this research is to contribute to the National Energy Efficiency Program through the analysis of these Regulations against an international outlook and through the evaluation of the contributions that the fuel gases can offer in improving the efficiency of buildings and replacing electrical heating in the national energy system. To achieve this, common patterns in the international regulations were identified and the primary energy conversion factors were calculated to the electricity and gas fuels produced in Brazil. The application of the conversion factors and the emission factors of CO2-E in the final uses of energy in buildings showed that the fuel gases have an important role in reducing the consumption of primary energy in the process of water heating and cogeneration. The evolution of these factors in the next decades were also estimated, according to official forecasts of the Energy Research Company (EPE), demonstrating that the importance of the direct use of the fuel gases will increase.
Causo, Aline Ferreira Tripodi 1985. "Mecanismos políticos para promoção da eficiência energética e geração renovável em edificações : um estudo de caso da Alemanha e aplicações para o Brasil". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264693.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Causo_AlineFerreiraTripodi_M.pdf: 1711222 bytes, checksum: 3360c02834221402fcdb4f050e1c82d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Os choques do petróleo nos anos 1970, o crescente debate sobre as mudanças climáticas e a crise energética ocorrida no Brasil, em 2001, são questões que apontam para a importância da implementação do Planejamento Integrado de Recursos, o qual agrega opções de expansão da oferta com alternativas de gestão da demanda e conservação de energia. As edificações representam grande parte do consumo energético e, no caso brasileiro, por exemplo, é responsável por 44% da demanda de energia elétrica, consumo que deve crescer nos próximos anos dado o contexto econômico e social do país. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo, então, apresentar, a partir de revisão da literatura, os principais instrumentos políticos para promoção de eficiência energética e geração renovável em edifícios e discutir possíveis aplicações de novos mecanismos e melhorias nas políticas existentes no Brasil. Em razão do reconhecimento internacional da Alemanha por suas políticas de incentivo à geração renovável e à eficiência energética, optou-se por fazer um estudo de caso deste país, com o intuito de compreender pontos importantes para a aplicação de mecanismos políticos no caso brasileiro, sobretudo com relação aos impactos a eles associados e à superação de barreiras. Como resultado principal, o trabalho expôs oportunidades de mecanismos políticos para serem implementados ou aprimorados no Brasil, visando a uma redução no consumo de energia das edificações brasileiras e a postergação da necessidade de investimentos na expansão da oferta energética, contribuindo para um desenvolvimento mais sustentável do país
Abstract: The oil shocks in the 70s, the climate change's debates and the energy crisis in Brazil, in the year 2001, demonstrate the importance of implementing the Integrated Resource Planning, which considers the expansion of energy's supply as well as alternatives of demand side management that contributes to energy savings. The building sector represents a major part of energy consumption. In Brazil, for instance, buildings consume 44% of all electricity and this demand tends to increase in the next years due to the social and economic context in the country. This dissertation aimed to present, based on a literature review, the main policy mechanisms used to promote energy efficiency and renewable generation in the building sector. It also sought to discuss possible applications of these instruments in Brazil as well as improvements in the existing policies. Based on Germany's international recognition on implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy policies, it was decided to do a case study of this country in order to capture relevant aspects for the implementation of policy mechanisms in the brazilian case, especially those related to instruments impacts and barriers addressed. The main outcome of this research was the discussion about opportunities for implementing and improving policy mechanisms in Brazil, aiming at saving energy in the building sector and postponing the need to invest in energy supply expansion, which could contribute for a more sustainable development in the country
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestra em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Teodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "Energia embutida na construção de edificações no Brasil: contribuições para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas a partir de um estudo de caso em Mato Grosso do Sul". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-01022018-151533/.
Texto completoThe embodied energy in buildings is an energy consumption that happens throughout its life cycle in the activities related to construction and maintenance. Embodied energy calculation is a complex process since its value is accounted for in other economic sectors such as the manufacture of building materials and transportation. The contribution of embodied energy in Brazilian buildings reaches 40% of its energy consumption life cycle. In addition, infrastructure needs in the country, particularly in the residential sector, should result in high energy consumption for its construction, contributing to put pressure on the expansion needs of the energy supply system. In this context, the main objective of this research is to calculate the embodied energy in the construction of a residential condominium in the city of Campo Grande in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. A methodology based on Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) was used considering two scenarios that differ in terms of energy efficiency at the transportation stage. Initial Embodied Energy per unit area was 4.99 GJ/m2 for scenario 1 and 5.52 GJ/m2 for scenario 2, with a non-renewable energy share of 61.2% and 64, 2%, respectively. In scenario 1, the material manufacturing stage accounted for 96.1% of the initial embodied energy value, transportation contributed with a share of 3.2% and the construction stage with 0.7%. In scenario 2, the share of each stage was 86.8%, 12.6% and 0.6%, respectively. The results of the presented case study and the elaborated panorama on the embodied energy in Brazilian buildings carried out in this thesis reinforce the need to include embodied energy as a criterion of energy efficiency in the development of public policies that contribute to reduce energy consumption in the building sector.
Xiao, Naiyuan. "Energy-efficiency building envelope technologies". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17697.
Texto completoGibbs, Vance Scott. "State building energy efficiency determination using energy audits". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/gibbs.pdf.
Texto completoGalimova, Veronica y Diane Pétilon. "Building Efficiency Improvementand Renewable Energy IntegrationProject". Thesis, KTH, Uthålliga byggnadssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127711.
Texto completoBrue, Perez Albert. "Essays on the economics of energy efficiency policies". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3695/.
Texto completoLogan, Joel Clifton. "Energy efficiency enhancements to a low energy high performance building". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Buscar texto completoRomaní, Picas Joaquim. "Improvement of building energy efficiency with radiant walls". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461942.
Texto completoLos edificios suponen una fracción significativa del consumo energético y de emisiones de CO2 globales. Resolver este problema requiere implementar tecnologías de eficiencia energética e integrar energías renovables. En este contexto, los muros radiantes son una tecnología capaz de lidiar con estos retos. La evaluación del potencial del sistema se ha llevado a cabo con la experimentación de un cubículo con muros radiantes conectados a un sistema geotérmico. Los resultados muestran la capacidad del sistema para reducir el consumo energético y desplazar los picos de demanda, destacando también la sensibilidad a los parámetros de control. Los datos experimentales sirvieron para desarrollar un modelo numérico del muro radiante, el cual se ha usado para un estudio paramétrico de los parámetros de diseño. Finalmente, este se ha integrado a un modelo de cubículo para estudiar diferentes conceptos de control que maximicen el aprovechamiento de la producción de unos paneles fotovoltaicos.
Buildings represent a significant fraction of the global energy use and CO2 emissions. Solving this issue require the implementation of energy efficiency technologies and the integration of renewable energies. In this context, radiant walls are a technology capable of dealing with these challenges. The evaluation of this system was carried out with the experimentation of a radiant wall cubicle coupled to a geothermal system. The results showed the capability of the system for reducing the energy and shifting the peak loads, highlighting the sensitivity to control parameters. The experimental data was used for the development of a numerical model of the radiant wall, which was used in a parametric study of the design parameters. Finally, the numeric model was integrated in a cubicle model in order to study different control concepts that maximized the use of the energy produced by photovoltaic panels.
Massana, i. Raurich Joaquim. "Data-driven models for building energy efficiency monitoring". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482148.
Texto completoA dia d’avui l’energia és un bé completament necessari arreu del món. Degut als avantatges que presenta en el transport i a les necessitats de les llars i la indústria, l’energia és transformada en energia elèctrica. Tenint en compte la total expansió i domini de l’electricitat, iniciatives com Horitzó 2020, tenen per objectiu un futur més sostenible: reduint les emissions de carboni i el consum i incrementant l’ús de renovables. Partint dels defectes de la xarxa elèctrica clàssica, com són gran distància al punt de consum, poca flexibilitat, baixa sostenibilitat, baixa qualitat de l’energia, dificultats per a emmagatzemar energia, etc. apareixen les Smart Grid (SG), una evolució natural de la xarxa clàssica. Un dels principals elements que permetrà a les SG millorar les xarxes clàssiques és l’Energy Management System (EMS). Així doncs, per a que l’EMS pugui dur a terme la gestió dels diversos elements, una de les necessitats bàsiques dels EMS serà un sistema de predicció, o sigui, saber per endavant quin consum hi haurà en un entorn determinat. A més, les empreses subministradores d’electricitat també requeriran de prediccions per a gestionar la generació, el manteniment i fins i tot les inversions a llarg termini. Així doncs ens calen sistemes de predicció del consum elèctric que, partint de les dades disponibles, ens subministrin el consum que hi haurà d’aquí a unes hores, uns dies o uns mesos, de la manera més aproximada possible. És dins d’aquest camp on s’ubica la recerca que presentem. Degut a la proliferació de xarxes de sensors i computadors més potents, s’han pogut desenvolupar sistemes de predicció més precisos. A tall de resum, en el primer treball, i tenint en compte que s’havia de conèixer en profunditat l’estat de la qüestió en relació a la predicció del consum elèctric, es va fer una anàlisi completa de l’estat de l’art. Un cop fet això, i partint del coneixement adquirit, en el segon treball es va dur a terme la instal•lació de les xarxes de sensors, la recollida de dades de consum i el modelatge amb models lineals d’auto-regressió (AR). En el tercer treball, un cop fets els models es va anar un pas més enllà recollint dades d’ocupació, de meteorologia i ambient interior, provant diferents models paradigmàtics com Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) i Support Vector Regression (SVR) i establint quines dades exògenes milloren la predicció dels models. Arribat a aquest punt, i havent corroborat que l’ús de dades d’ocupació millora la predicció, es van generar tècniques per tal de disposar de les dades d’ocupació per endavant, o sigui a hores vista. D’aquesta manera es van dissenyar diferents atributs d’ocupació artificials, permetent-nos fer prediccions horàries de consum a llarg termini. Aquests conceptes s’expliquen en profunditat al quart treball.
MELO, LUCIANA MONTICELLI DE. "BUILDINGS ENERGY EFFICIENCY–BUILDING OPTIMIZATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31949@1.
Texto completoCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O crescente consumo de energia é preocupante, principalmente pelo uso de sistemas de condicionamento de ar e de iluminação artificial. Nas edificações modernas, os projetos arquitetônicos vêm negligenciando os fatores que proporcionam o conforto ambiental. Baseando-se nos conceitos da arquitetura sustentável, esta dissertação propõe e modela um sistema que otimiza os parâmetros da edificação que influenciarão no consumo de energia elétrica, nos custos com a construção e na emissão de poluentes pela edificação. Propõe-se um modelo de algoritmos genéticos que, juntamente com um programa de simulação de energia, EnergyPlus, constitui o modelo evolucionário desenvolvido neste trabalho. Este modelo otimiza parâmetros como: dimensionamento de aberturas e de pédireito; orientação da edificação; condicionamento do ar; disposição de árvores no entorno da edificação; etc . O modelo evolucionário tem sua ação e eficácia testados em estudo de casos - edificações desenhadas por projetista -, em que se alteram: espessura das paredes, altura de pé direito, largura de janelas, orientação quanto ao Norte geográfico, localização de elementos sombreantes (árvores), uso ou não de bloqueadores solares. Estes fatores influenciarão no conforto térmico da edificação e, consequentemente, no consumo elétrico dos sistemas de condicionamento de ar e de iluminação artificial, que por sua vez, influenciam os parâmetros que se pretende otimizar. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as otimizações feitas pelo modelo evolucionário foram efetivas, minimizando o consumo de energia pelos sistemas de condicionamento de ar e de iluminação artificial em comparação com os resultados obtidos com as edificações originais fornecidas pelo projetista.
The continuous rising on energy consumption is a concerning issue, especially regarding the use of air conditioning systems and artificial lighting. In modern buildings, architectural designs are neglecting the factors that provide environmental comfort in a natural way. Based on concepts of sustainable architecture, this work proposes and models a system that optimizes the parameters of a building that influence the consumption of electricity, the costs with the building itself, and the emission of pollutants by these buildings. For this purpose a genetic algorithm model is proposed, which works together with an energy simulation program called EnergyPlus, both comprising the evolutionary model developed in this work. This model is able to optimize parameters like: dimensions of windows and ceiling height; orientation of a building; air conditioning; location of trees around a building; etc. The evolutionary model has its efficiency tested in case studies - buildings originally designed by a designer -, and the following specifications provided by the designer have been changed by the evolutionary model: wall thickness, ceiling height, windows width, building orientation, location of elements that perform shading function (trees), the use (or not) of sun blockers. These factors influence the building s heat comfort and therefore the energy consumption of air conditioning systems and artificial lighting which, in turn, influence the parameters that are meant to be optimized. The results show that the optimizations made by the evolutionary model were effective, minimizing the energy consumption for air conditioning systems and artificial light in comparison with the results obtained with the original buildings provided by the designer.
Shi, Hongsen. "Building Energy Efficiency Improvement and Thermal Comfort Diagnosis". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555110595177379.
Texto completoGilligan, Brian Michael. "Optimization of the building energy efficiency retrofit process /". May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Texto completoWren, Duncan E. "Computer simulation of intelligent building facades". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7351.
Texto completoShaw, Catherine Alexandra. "Which types of state energy efficiency policies are most effective?" Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/444547720/viewonline.
Texto completoHeier, Johan. "Energy Efficiency through Thermal Energy Storage : Possibilities for the Swedish Building Stock". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118734.
Texto completoBehovet av värme och kyla i byggnader utgör en betydande del av ett lands totala energianvändning och att reducera detta behov är av yttersta vikt för att nå nationella samt internationella mål för minskad energianvändning och minskade utsläpp. En viktig väg för att nå dessa mål är att öka andelen förnyelsebar energi för kylning och uppvärmning av byggnader. Det kanske största hindret med detta är det faktum att det ofta råder obalans mellan tillgången på förnyelsebar energi och behovet av värme och kyla, vilket gör att denna energi inte kan utnyttjas direkt. Detta är ett av problemen som kan lösas genom att använda termisk energilagring (TES) för att lagra värme eller kyla från när det finns tillgängligt till dess att det behövs. Denna avhandling fokuserar på kombinationen av TES och byggnader för att nå högre energieffektivitet för uppvärmning och kylning. Olika tekniker för energilagring, samt även kombinationen av TES och byggnader, har undersökts och sammanfattats genom en omfattande litteraturstudie. För att kunna identifiera byggnadstyper vanliga i Sverige gjordes även en kartläggning av det svenska byggnadsbeståndet. Inom ramen för denna avhandling resulterade kartläggningen i valet av tre typbyggnader, två småhus samt en kontorsbyggnad, utav vilka de två småhusen användes i en simuleringsfallstudie av passiv TES genom ökad termisk massa (både sensibel och latent). Den andra fallstudien som presenteras i denna avhandling är en utvärdering av ett existerande borrhålslager för säsongslagring av solvärme i ett bostadsområde. I detta fall användes verkliga mätdata i utvärderingen samt i jämförelser med tidigare utvärderingar. Litteraturstudien visade att användningen av TES öppnar upp möjligheter för minskat energibehov och minskade topplaster för värme och kyla samt även möjligheter till en ökad andel förnyelsebar energi för att täcka energibehovet. Genom att använda passiv lagring genom ökad termisk massa i byggnaden är det även möjligt att minska variationer i inomhustemperaturen och speciellt minska övertemperaturer under varma perioder; något som kan leda till att byggnader som normalt behöver aktiv kylning kan klara sig utan sådan. Analysen av kombinationen av TES och byggnadstyper bekräftade att TES har en betydande potential för ökad energieffektivitet i byggnader, men belyste även det faktum att det fortfarande krävs mycket forskning innan vissa av lagringsteknikerna kan bli kommersiellt tillgängliga. I simuleringsfallstudien drogs slutsatsen att en ökad termisk massa endast kan bidra till en liten minskning i värmebehovet, men att tiden med inomhustemperaturer över 24 °C kan minskas med upp till 20 %. Fallstudien av borrhålslagret visade att även om själva lagringssystemet fungerade som planerat så ledde värmeförluster i resten av systemet, samt vissa problem med driften av systemet, till en lägre solfraktion än beräknat. Arbetet inom denna avhandling har visat att TES redan används med framgång i många byggnadsapplikationer (t.ex. varmvattenberedare eller ackumulatortankar för lagring av solvärme) men att det fortfarande finns en stor potential i en utökad användning av TES. Det finns dock hinder såsom behovet av mer forskning för både vissa lagringstekniker samt lagringsmaterial, i synnerhet för lagring med fasändringsmaterial och termokemisk lagring.
QC 20130225
Agarwal, Yuvraj. "Building aggressively duty-cycled platforms to achieve energy efficiency". Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369624.
Texto completoTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-160).
Amendolara, Maria Grazia. "Energy efficiency retrofit. A comparative analysis of different strategies to optimise the energy efficiency of a building". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Buscar texto completoMsimanga, Bongani. "Exploring the impacts of renewable energy and energy efficiency policies on the mining sector". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96668.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Worldwide, energy has been, and continues to be, key to economic development. However, the current global consensus is that energy-related carbon dioxide emissions would, at current rates, put the world onto a potentially catastrophic trajectory which could lead to global warming of 5 degree Celsius or more compared to pre-industrial times. There is a critical need for a low-carbon development or a move away from conventional fossil fuels energy sources. This study explores impacts of policies that South Africa developed in order to champion sustainable energy strategies based on energy efficiency and non-conventional energy sources, including renewable energy. The mining sector, because of its energy-intensive nature, was chosen. In order to achieve this objective three approaches were carried out: (i) a critical review of literature on energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) ; (ii) two case-studies that demonstrate the impacts of the policies; and (iii) action research on a sample of mines using survey questionnaire and interviewing. The research results show that the need to have security in energy and the need to be competitive and grow revenue are significant in deciding to carry out EE and RE initiatives in the mining sector. The results also show that safety followed by production are the priorities and are accompanied by a range of other demands, such as cost reduction and legislative requirements. It is, therefore, within this context that EE and RE initiative will always be carried out in the mining sector. The research concludes that, under the current market framework, South African EE and RE policies are not as effective as hoped they would be. The research, therefore, recommends that a percentage of the mines’ revenue could be dedicated to EE and RE initiatives. In addition, South Africa needs to come up with a new type of productive endeavour that would lead to less extractive industries, including mines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Energie is, was en sal wereldwyd altyd die sleutel wees tot ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Nieteenstaande, word dit wereldwyd aanvaar dat die huidige energie opwekking se koolstofdioksied vrystelling moontlik kan lei tot aardverwarming van 5 grade Celsius of meer wanneer vergelyk met word met pre-industriële tye. Daar is ‘n kritiese behoefte aan lae koolstofdioksied vrystelling ontwikkelings of ‘n beperking van konvensionele fossielbrandstof energiebronne. Hierdie studie analiseer die impak van die Suid Afrikaanse beleid wat ontwikkel is om volhoubare energie te bevorder wat effektief en onkonvensioneel is, insluitend hernubare energie. Die mynsektor, as ‘n groot verbruiker van energie, vorm die kern van die studie. Die studie is voltooi in drie fases naamlik: (1) kritiese oorsig van die literatuur oor energiedoeltreffendheid (EE) en hernubare energie (RE); (2) twee gevallestudies wat die impak van die beleid bevestig; en (3) praktiese navorsing deur middel van vraelyste en persoonlike onderhoude met seker myne. Die navorsing bevestig dat die behoefte aan bestendige energie teen kompeterende pryse wat die mynsektor in staat stel om inkomste te groei ,‘n beduidende invloed het op die besluit om EE of RE inisiatiewe te onderneem. Die resultate bevestig verder dat beroepsveiligheid en produksie uitsette die eerste prioriteite vir die myne is. Dit word verder beinvloed deur kostebesparings en wetlike vereistes. Enige EE en RE inisiatiewe wat onderneem word sal in hierdie konteks plaasvind. Die navorsing kom tot die slotsom dat, onder huidige marktoestande, Suid Afrika se EE en RE beleid nie so effektief is as waarop daar gehoop is nie. Die navorsing beveel derhalwe aan dat ‘n persentasie van myne se inkomste geoormerk moet word vir EE en RE inisiatiewe. Verder meer , Suid Afrika moet strewe na tipes produksie wat minder natuurlike grondstowwe onttrek, insluitend die myne.
CALILI, RODRIGO FLORA. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES IN BRAZIL: AN ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY APPROACH". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23849@1.
Texto completoCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
A eficiência energética (EE) terá um papel cada vez mais importante para garantir o futuro das novas gerações. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é estimar o quanto o PNEf (Plano Nacional de Eficiência Energética), publicado pelo governo brasileiro no final de 2011 irá economizar ao longo dos próximos 5 anos, evitando a construção de usinas de energia adicionais, bem como reduzindo a emissão de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera. É também objetivo deste trabalho definir as premissas e formular diretrizes para que um possível leilão de eficiência energética seja implantado no Brasil. O custo marginal de operacão é calculado no planejamento de médio prazo do despacho para o sistema hidro-térmico brasileiro utilizando Programação Dinâmica Dual Estocástica. Foi incorporado no modelo do despacho hidro-térmico as políticas de eficiência energética de forma estocástica, havendo assim, vários cenários para a demanda de energia elétrica. Demonstrou-se que, mesmo para uma modesta redução do consumo com políticas de eficiência energética (menor que 1 porcento por ano), há uma economia nos próximos 5 anos em torno de 237 milhões de reais no cenário conservador e 268 milhões de reais no cenário otimista. Em comparação, a nova usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte irá custar em torno de 26 bilhões de reais a serem pagos ao longo de um período de 30 anos (ou seja, 867 milhões de reais em 1 anos). Conclui-se que, políticas de eficiência energética são preferíveis à construção de uma nova usina, mesmo sendo esta de fonte hidráulica.
Energy efficiency will play an increasingly important role in future generations. The aim of this work is to estimate how much the PNEf (National Plan for Energy Efficiency) launched by the Brazilian government in 2011 will save over the next 5 years by avoiding the construction of additional power plants, as well as the amount of the CO2 emission. Besides, it is the aim of this work introduces the premises and guidelines of a possible demand side bidding in Brazil. The marginal operating cost is computed for medium term planning of the dispatching of power plants in the hydro-thermal system using Stochastic Dynamic Dual Programming, after incorporating stochastic energy efficiencies into the demand for electricity. We demonstrate that even for a modest improvement in energy efficiency (less than 1 percent per year), the savings over the next 5 years range from 237 million reais in the conservative scenario to 268 million reais in the optimistic scenario. By comparison the new Belo Monte hydro-electric plant will cost 26 billion reais to be repaid over a 30 year period (i.e. 867 million reais in 1 years). So in Brazil energy efficiency policies are preferable to building a new power plant.
Steen, Englund Jessika. "Prediction of Energy Use of a Swedish Secondary School Building : Building Energy Simulation, Validation, Occupancy Behaviour and Potential Energy-Efficiency Measures". Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33313.
Texto completoByggnadssektorn står för ungefär 40 % av den årliga energianvändningen i Europa. Många byggnader är i stort behov av renovering och en minskning av energibehovet inom den byggda miljön är av stor vikt i både Europa och Sverige. För att undersöka byggnaders energianvändning används ofta simuleringsverktyg, men det kan vara utmanande att skapa pålitliga simuleringsmodeller som tillräckligt noggrant predikterar den verkliga byggnadens energianvändning. Simulering av byggnaders energianvändning är alltid förknippat med osäkerheter och att simulera människors beteendemönster är en stor utmaning. Den här forskningen innefattar en fallstudie med en simuleringsmodell av en skolbyggnad, byggd under 1960 talet och belägen i Gävle, inkluderat ett exempel på en valideringsstrategi och en studie av energianvändning och potentiella energieffektiviseringsåtgärder i byggnaden. Resultaten visar att insamling av indata baserade på evidens, stegvis validering (obemannad och bemannad) och användande av en backcasting-metod (vilket predikterar varierande brukarbeteende och vädring) är en lämplig strategi för att skapa en pålitlig energisimuleringsmodell för den studerade skolbyggnaden. Flertalet fältmätningar genomfördes och data loggades i systemet för fastighetsautomation, för att samla indata och för validering av de predikterade resultaten. Genom den stegvisa valideringen kunde byggnadens tekniska och termiska prestanda valideras för en obemannad period. Backcasting-metoden visar en strategi för hur man kan prediktera varierande brukarbeteende och vädringsaktiviteter i skolbyggnaden, baserat på jämförelser av modellens prediktioner och data från fältmätningar. När backcasting-metoden tillämpats i energisimuleringsmodellen, kunde modellen valideras för en bemannad period. Den årliga predikterade specifika energianvändningen för uppvärmningen är 73 kWh/m2. Fördelningen av värmeförluster i byggnaden indikerar att de bästa potentiella energieffektiviseringsåtgärderna är byte till fönster med bättre U-värde, tilläggsisolering av ytterväggarna, bättre lufttäthet i byggnadsskalet och ny styrning av det mekaniska ventilationssystemet.
Yu, Wenhe. "Approaches to energy efficiency in China’s large-scale public building". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58641.
Texto completoWenhe, Yu. "Approaches to energy efficiency in China’s large-scale public building". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33523.
Texto completowww.ima.kth.se
Sousanabadi, Farahani Abolfazl y Mohammadhassan Mohammadi. "Analysis and optimization of building energy efficiency in Hammarby Sjöstad". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-137748.
Texto completoLewis, Angela. "A framework for improving building operations decisions for energy efficiency". Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567592.
Texto completoLi, Wu M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Improving energy efficiency in a pharmaceutical manufacturing environment -- office building". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55229.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96).
Reducing energy consumption without compromising the quality of products in a pharmaceutical manufacturing environment and maintaining the comfort of employees is of critical important in maintaining the financial viability and competence of the company. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system was identified as the major energy consumer in both office building and manufacturing building. The step response model of the office indoor temperature to the operating states of the Air Handling Unit (AHU) was developed. Combined with the working schedule of employees, the AHU operation schedule in the office building was modified to accommodate the working schedule of employees while reducing waste. Motion detection lighting control was implemented in the office area to reduce waste by turning off unnecessary lighting automatically. As a result of new AHU operation schedule, AHU motor electricity usage can be reduced by 10,868 kWh/year and chilled water consumption can be reduced by 79,403 kWh/year. Motion detection lighting control could also result in estimated savings of 54,082 kWh/year.
by Wu Li.
M.Eng.
Skogfeldt, Alexander. "Energy efficiency measures and energy pricing : The effect of different price schemes on energy efficiency measures". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325895.
Texto completoCook, Jonathan A. "Transitioning to a clean energy future| Essays on policies for renewables, transportation, and energy efficiency". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614186.
Texto completoThe emergence of climate change as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century has placed the task of reducing GHG emissions at the forefront of city, state and national government agendas around the world. Strategies for transitioning to a clean energy future almost universally involve increasing the share of electricity generated from renewable sources, reducing emissions from the transportation sector and improving energy efficiency. This dissertation contains three essays that address policy questions within each of these areas (renewables, efficiency and transportation), focusing both on past experiences thus far as well as considerations for future policies. The first chapter examines the Danish wind power industry and the role of government policies in shaping the decisions of wind turbine owners. A structural dynamic model is constructed in which owners decide whether and when to add new turbines to a pre-existing stock, scrap an existing turbine, or replace old turbines with newer versions during a period of rapid technological improvement and several changes to government wind energy policies. Results from the model indicate that the growth and development of the Danish wind industry was primarily driven by government policies as opposed to technological improvements. The second chapter explores the spatial and distributional impacts of climate policies in the transportation sector. California VMT and fuel consumption distributions are not symmetric and can vary significantly within transit planning regions. Results show that analyzing a policy using mean VMT or fuel consumption and assuming a symmetric distribution would generally lead to errors of 20-40% when considering the costs of a climate policy for a “typical” household. The final chapter addresses the role of publicly-funded energy efficiency programs in electricity markets. In the absence of energy efficiency programs, individual households and businesses may underinvest in energy efficiency because of inefficient retail pricing, pollution and learning externalities, imperfect information and the prevalence of principal-agent problems. California's cap-and-trade program and likely transition to dynamic pricing will correct some of these market failures, but information problems and distributional concerns will remain and warrant programs that encourage additional investments in efficiency.
Bhattacharjee, Suchismita. "Analytical Framework to Study Energy Efficiency Policy Portfolios across Countries/States". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28386.
Texto completoPh. D.
Thollander, Patrik. "Towards Increased Energy Efficiency in Swedish Industry : Barriers, Driving Forces & Policies". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14907.
Texto completoIndustriell energieffektivisering är ett av de viktigaste sätten att reducera hotet om en globaluppvärmning. En högre relativ elanvändning, i jämförelse med europeiska konkurrenter, tillsammans med stigande energikostnader beroende av stigande energipriser för den svenskaindustrin, riskerar leda till försämrad lönsamhet och försämrad konkurrenskraft. Det är såledesav stor vikt att främja energieffektivisering, exempelvis genom olika typer av styrmedel. Lönsamma energieffektiviseringsåtgärder genomförs emellertid inte alltid, till följd av olikahinder för energieffektivisering. För att kunna formulera precisa styrmedel är det därför avstor vikt att dessa hinder som förhindrar implementering av energieffektiviserande åtgärder,identifieras. Det är också av stor vikt att identifiera drivkrafterna. Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera industriella energisystem och mera specifikt studera faktorer somfrämjar och förhindrar effektiv slutanvändning av energi i svensk industri. Resultaten visar att hotet om stigande energikostnader, exempelvis beträffande elektricitet,både för icke energiintensiv och för energiintensiv svensk tillverkningsindustri, kan reduceraskraftigt om energieffektiv teknik implementeras. Medan åtgärder i icke energiintensiv industrifrämst är relaterade till stödprocesser så visar sig åtgärderna i den studerade svenska energiintensiva gjuteriindustrin vara relaterade till både stöd- och produktionsprocesser. I fallstudierna beträffande hinder och drivkrafter visade sig de största hindren vara - med storavariationer mellan fallen - tekniska risker såsom risk för produktionsstörningar och avbrott; brist på tid/andra prioriteringar; brist på kapital; kostnader för produktionsstörningar; ickeenergirelaterade investeringar prioriteras högre; tekniken passar ej för företaget;svårigheter/kostnader att erhålla korrekt information beträffande energianvändningen av deninköpta utrustningen; och brist på budgetmedel. De största drivkrafterna var, utöver kostnadsminskningar till följd av minskad energianvändning, förekomsten av en långsiktigenergistrategi och en eldsjäl. Drivkrafterna varierade inte, till skillnad mot hindren, så mycketmellan de olika undersökta fallen. Beslutsstöd såsom exempelvis optimering har visat sig kunna ge ökad information vid störremer kapitalintensiva investeringar i energiintensiva små- och medelstora företag. Vidare har energianalyser visat sig vara ett effektivt sätt, i termer av besparad kWh per statligt insattkrona, att ge industrin information beträffande möjliga energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Resultat från avhandlingen indikerar att ett stöd gentemot icke energiintensiva och små och medelstora företag framförallt bör inkludera statligt finansierade energianalyser med denlokala energirådgivaren som en deltagande aktör.
Gulbinas, Rimas Viktoras. "Motivating and Quantifying Energy Efficient Behavior among Commercial Building Occupants". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64867.
Texto completoPh. D.
Asheim, Jonathan. "The Future of Energy Efficiency in Marine Corps Forward Operating Bases". The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608583.
Texto completoMarine Corps forward operating bases (FOBs) operate in austere conditions where the reliance on resupply from main bases is a necessity. A FOB in Afghanistan requires at least 300 gallons of diesel fuel a day, in which each gallon delivered requires 7 gallons of fuel to get it there by convoy. Extensive resupply convoys offer a tactical disadvantage, especially when there is one Marine casualty for every 50 convoys. Private sector innovations in energy efficiency can offer a solution to inefficient energy use and Marine casualties from IEDs – improvised explosive devices. Data analysis of private sector innovations in the fields of flexible solar, fuel cells, and atmospheric water generation, provide direction into the future of sustainable forward operating base design. Each of the proposed innovations outscore current systems by vast margins in a weighted energy efficiency scale and therefore have the potential to elevate the energy efficiency of forward operating bases. Energy efficiency, in the case of the Marine Corps, is a combat multiplier. If they are able to free themselves from the burden of their increased energy use, they gain the ability to operate more aggressively, push deeper, and fight as a lighter, more lethal force.
Hagene, Brian Matthew. "REDESIGN OF HVAC SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EDUCATIONAL BUILDING". OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/826.
Texto completoSimmons, Brian Spencer. "Lowest cost building technology selection for energy efficient design". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45941.
Texto completoBrodin, Nils y Johan Hanberg. "Efficient Power : A discourse analysis of energy efficiency policies from Finland and Sweden". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36429.
Texto completoHan, Yilong. "Urban Building Networks' Thermal-Energy Dynamics: Exploring, Mitigating, and Optimizing Inter-Building Effects". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72956.
Texto completoPh. D.
Alulayet, Mansour A. "Exploring measures to improve the energy efficiency of office building in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17137.
Texto completoLidberg, Tina. "Influences from Building Energy Efficiency Refurbishment on a Regional District Heating System". Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26499.
Texto completoAtt förbättra energiprestanda hos befintliga byggnader är en viktig del i arbetet med att minska energianvändningen och i sin tur minska utsläpp av växthusgaser orsakade av mänsklig aktivitet samt att minska användningen av primärenergi. För att kunna utvärdera hur energieffektivisering av byggnader påverkar växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergianvändning behövs ett brett systemperspektiv som sätter byggnaden i sitt sammanhang. Denna avhandling handlar om hur paket av energieffektiviseringsåtgärder som utförs på flerfamiljshus inom fjärrvärmeuppvärmda områden påverkar växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergianvändning när fjärrvärmeanvändningen förändras. Resultaten visar på skillnader mellan åtgärder som sparar fjärrvärme utan att öka användningen av el och åtgärder som ökar användningen av el medan fjärrvärme sparas. Till exempel sparar ett energieffektiviseringspaket som endast omfattar byggnadsskalsförbättringar samma mängd fjärrvärme som ett paket som endast omfattar installation av mekanisk ventilation med värmeåtervinning. Trots detta minskar utsläppen av växthusgaser och användningen av primärenergi i större utsträckning i det första paketet på grund av att elanvändningen förblir oförändrad. Vikten av fjärrvärmesystemets utformning visas då en byggnad där olika energieffektiviseringspaket testats, flyttas runt till olika fjärrvärmesystem. Beroende på vilka bränsletyper som används och i vilken utsträckning som el produceras i fjärrvärmesystemet så varierar resultaten. Den största minskningen av växthusgaser uppstår när ett renoveringspaket utförs på en byggnad i ett fjärrvärmesystem med hög andel biobränsle och ingen elproduktion.
Kubulenso, Saga y Gisela Norman. "Energy efficiency in apartment buildings : A study in how energy consumption in apartment buildings have changed in recent years". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210734.
Texto completoMasip-Sanchis, Ximo. "Energetic study of a residential building in Skutskär and savings proposal". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21665.
Texto completoAzimi, Samaneh. "Energy efficiency adoption of low-income households in Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236798/1/Samaneh%2BAzimi%2BThesis%281%29.pdf.
Texto completoWeigel, Brent Anthony. "Development of a commercial building/site evaluation framework for minimizing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of transportation and building systems". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44735.
Texto completoChan, Ming-yee y 陳明義. "The impact of energy efficiency regulation on building design in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253659.
Texto completoBlush, Aaron. "Impact of ASHRAE standard 189.1-2009 on building energy efficiency and performance". Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6909.
Texto completoDepartment of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Fred L. Hasler
The purpose of this report is to provide an introduction to the new ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2009, Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings. The report will include an overview of the standard to detail what the purpose, scope and requirements for high-performance buildings will be. The entire standard will be overviewed, but the focus of this paper is in the areas of energy efficiency and building performance. Next, the report will examine further impacts that the standard will have on the building design and construction industry. Chapter 3 includes the impact on other standards, specification writing and coordination of the design and construction teams. A case study of an office building is performed to compare a baseline building meeting ASHRAE Standard 90.1 to a building meeting the minimum standards of ASHRAE Standard 189.1. The case study compares the total annual energy use of the two projects to determine an expected energy savings. Based on this information, recommendations about the new standard will be discussed. Universities and government entities should require ASHRAE Standard 189.1 for new construction projects, to show willingness to provide sustainability in buildings. Finally, conclusions about how the standard will change and impact industry will be addressed. These conclusions will include issues with adopting ASHRAE Standard 189.1 as code as well as discussion on the LEED rating system.
Chan, Ming-yee. "The impact of energy efficiency regulation on building design in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735721.
Texto completoZimmerman, Austin. "Sustainability-Efficiency Paradox: The Efficacy of State Energy Plans in Building a More Sustainable Energy Future". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/88.
Texto completo