Tesis sobre el tema "Brutalism (architecture) – great britain"
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1
Karp, Mackenzie. "Ethic Lost: Brutalism and the Regeneration of Social Housing Estates in Great Britain". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19319.
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Between the late 1940s and the 1970s, the New Brutalism attempted to establish an ethical architecture befitting post-World War II Britain. For this reason, it became a popular style for public buildings, including social housing. Brutalist social housing estates were conceived by progressive post-war architects to house Britain’s neediest. Through an analysis of the utopian roots of Brutalism and the decline of the style and its ethic in scholarship and popular culture, I analyze the current redevelopment of three seminal Brutalist housing estates and the rediscovery of the Brutalist aesthetic by contemporary scholars and consumers alike. In this thesis, I argue that due to multiple factors, including a housing shortage across Britain, rising real-estate values and a general consumer interest in mid-century design, these estates are undergoing such regenerations. My thesis enhances our understanding of how social and political influences have shaped post-war British social housing up to the present.
2
Wheeler, Katherine Jean. "The reception and study of Renaissance architecture in Great Britain, 1890-1914". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38540.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"February 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-292).
The writing of Renaissance architectural history in the period 1890-1914 in Great Britain changed dramatically. Despite modernism's tenet of rejecting history from design, Renaissance architectural history in Great Britain functioned as both an alternative to and a source of inspiration for modernism. At first Renaissance architecture supplied a stylistic alternative to the Gothic Revival; then it acted as a bastion against modernist influences from the Continent. Finally, it provided a foundation of aesthetic principles applicable to modern design. With the advent of university programs in architecture, the writing of architectural history became more formalized, marking the beginning of architectural history's autonomy as a discipline and foreshadowing modernism's rejection of history from the design process. In my dissertation I analyze the perceptions and presentations of Renaissance architecture in order to investigate the relationship between history and design in architectural education, literature, and practice at the turn of the century in Great Britain. An analysis of architectural curricula, designs, and publications from this period reveals the development of an autonomous architectural history and the foundations of a modern architecture.
by Katherine Jean Wheeler.
Ph.D.
3
Riddell, Richard John. "The entrance-portico in the architecture of Great Britain, 1630-1850". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e39a45bc-ecf0-40b8-9f94-208095677fc6.
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This thesis attempts to account for the appearance, persistence, and eventual decline of an architectural motif, derived from ancient pagan temples, widely used as the principal feature on an increasing variety of building types in Britain, during the period 1630 to 1850. The thesis seeks to do this by defining both the word 'portico' and the architectural forms to which, historically, it was applied, and by examining the religious, political, social, and stylistic contexts in which the portico, as a metaphor for the temple, was utilized. The rationalization within the Vitruvian-Christian tradition of the ancient temple's pagan connotations; the portico's intrinsic capacity to symbolize virtue, distinction, and authority; the changing perceptions of the idea of the temple; and the different nature and sources of both the authority and the architectural style which the portico expressed, are investigated. Architecturally, the portico expressed grandeur, centrality, and an entry; it controlled, defined, and gave focus to urban space. Introduced to Britain by Inigo Jones, and based on classical Roman and Palladian models but with Salomonic overtones, the portico initially symbolized Stuart dynastic claims to divine kingship. As political and economic power shifted to an aristocratic oligarchy, the temple that was Britain, Rome's heir, symbolized a church and state united, and the secular virtues of the Augustan age. Palladio's fusion of Roman temple and villa provided the model for the oligarchy's power base, the porticoed country house. Archaeology and politics combined, first to project mercantile opulence through imperial Roman-inspired neo-classicism, then the more fundamental qualities of the Greek temple. The Pantheon gave way to the Parthenon; the temple of private wealth to the imagined temple of democracy. After epitomizing the characteristic early nineteenth-century public style, the too-pagan Greek portico succumbed - as did the classical ideal - in the anarchy of styles, to the Gothic.
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Aspin, Philip. "Architecture and identity in the English Gothic revival 1800-1850". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669903.
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Ulmer, Daniel Clay. "Elizabethan and Jacobean architecture : the evolution of a style". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22400.
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Thomson, Christina. "Contextualising the continental : the work of German émigré architects in Britain, 1933-45". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34756/.
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Between 1933 and 1940 between sixty and ninety German architects arrived in Britain as émigrés fleeing from Nazi oppression. The Germany which they left had, until Hitler's intervention, been the centre of European architectural modernism. Making their passage into Britain, they encountered a country whose architectural climate was altogether more traditional. When the first German architects arrived in 1933, architectural modernism was only just taking root, but only a few years later Britain's architectural culture boasted a thriving modernist scene. This coincidence has led historians to draw a direct connection between the presence of German architects and the establishment of modernism in Britain. This thesis, however, advances the current historiography by showing that the role of German émigrés was, rather than to initiate British architectural modernism, to support a development which had taken root before their arrival. Through examination of a number of sources - including personal papers, drawings, photographs, archive material, buildings, and personal interviews - it explores processes of acculturation as evidenced by the work of the émigré architects. A number of in-depth case studies reveal that the new environment in Britain provoked a variety of responses among the German architects, whose work frequently digressed into the realms of British architectural traditions (taking particular inspiration from the architecture of the Georgian period). Looking beyond well-known figures such as Mendelsohn and Gropius, the thesis concludes that the story of architectural migration from Germany to Britain cannot be told in terms of modernism alone. It shows that responses to the émigré situation were highly dependent on the individual architect's background, his or her experience, age, standing and time of arrival, but reveals that, disregarding these differences, all émigré architects to some degree adapted to their new working environment, a tendency which has been described as New Contextualism. Although submitted in the field of History of Art, the scope of this thesis is methodologically and epistemologically wider than might usually be associated with this field. Despite being strongly visually based in its main analysis, the work is inter-disciplinary in approach, incorporating elements of biography, history, sociology, and exile studies, therefore expanding the boundaries of art historical study.
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Knott, Cherry Ann. "George Vernon and the building of Sudbury Hall, Derbyshire : punching above his weight?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57063/.
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My case study of the building of Sudbury Hall, Derbyshire, is a landmark volume within the fields of architectural and social history in the context of the development of houses of English landed gentry in the seventeenth century.
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Monckton, Linda. "Late Gothic architecture in South West England : four major centres of building activity at Wells, Bristol, Sherbourne and Bath". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34754/.
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By 1360 the Perpendicular style was established as the successor to Decorated architecture. During the subsequent one hundred and eighty years, until the Reformation, major building work was carried out at four great churches in the south west of England. The complete reconstructions of St Mary Redcliffe, Sherborne Abbey and Bath Abbey, and considerable work to the precinct at Wells Cathedral during this period, form the basis for this thesis. Through a study of each of these major centres, the issues of workshop identity and stylistic trendsetters are considered. It is shown how the interpretation of documentary evidence has impeded an understanding of these buildings, which can be revealed by an analysis of the fabric. Based primarily on a methodology of buildings archaeology and assessment of moulding profiles, traditional assumptions concerning the chronology and patronage are challenged. The new chronology for works at Sherborne Abbey, and the redating of the commencement of Bath Abbey further our understanding of the nature of masons' workshops, patronage and stylistic development within a regional context. Introspection in masons' workshops during the 15th century, and retrospection in later design in the region, demonstrates a reliance on the innovations of the 14th century, and the significance of the parish church tradition in the region, respectively. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the influence of major church workshops on domestic architecture, and the impact of the dissemination of the lodges in the early 16th century.
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Hewitt, Lucy Elizabeth. "Civic agenda : associations, networks and urban space in Britain, c1890-1960". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5721.
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Over the course of the nineteenth century, while many towns and cities grew at a remarkable rate, interest in architectural design, planning, and the quality of urban landscapes also increased. By the close of the century a number of associations had been established that were concerned with promoting the care of ancient buildings, the protection of open spaces, or the quality of future urban growth. During the twentieth century associational activity concerned with the quality of urban space has proliferated. Many, if not most, towns and cities in Britain have an organized body dedicated to campaigning and acting for the interests of local identity, development and heritage. Sometimes these are called Preservation Trusts (as in St Andrews or Cambridge), sometimes they are simply named after the city to which they belong (The London Society or The Warwick Society), most commonly they are known as Civic Societies. Regardless of name, they share key objectives: the promotion of high standards in planning and architecture; the preservation of historically or aesthetically significant buildings; the education of the public in the history, geography, and architecture of the local environment. In the early twentieth century these organizations provided a focus for discussions about the nature of urban space and approaches to shaping the development of towns and cities. They brought together a range of individuals, including planners, architects, reformers, academics, artists and politicians, who shared a concern for the landscape of Britain’s cities. Through their discussions and activities emerged an approach to urban development that emphasised socio-scientific methods and ideas in combination with an argument about the affective bonds that connect individuals to a place. The approach was often called civics and the agenda pressed forward by civic associations and their members forms the focus for this study. This work explores the continuities between philanthropic experiment in the later nineteenth century and the civic movement of the twentieth century by demonstrating the connections between earlier and later activities, and emphasising the continued involvement of a number of key individuals and families. It makes a contribution to understanding professional development in the fields of planning, architecture and urban studies. Key figures in the history of British planning, such as Patrick Abercrombie, Raymond Unwin and George Pepler, formed their early professional networks through civic groups, while architects including Charles Reilly and Aston Webb developed their collaborations through their involvement with the civic movement. Furthermore, individuals whose role in British urban sociology, most notably Patrick Geddes, has influenced the ways in which we study our urban areas first promoted their ideas and methods through the network of civic associations that developed over the course of early twentieth century. Through the analysis this thesis draws in theoretically informed questions. Firstly these relate to the role of voluntary associations and networks in structuring the development of professions, circulating their bodies of specialist knowledge and securing wider participation in urban policy. Secondly, the thesis considers the manner in which spaces come to hold the meaning and memories of particular groups, the significance and power of representations of place and the emerging tradition of spatial history that privileges the micro-processes through which places are created and sustained.
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Worsley, Giles Arthington. "The design and development of the stable and riding house in Great Britain from the 13th century to 1914". Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284417.
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Kewley, Jonathan Dennis Richard. "Variation in the architecture and design of gravemarkers in Great Britain and British North America, 1600-1800". Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12411/.
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This thesis explores how the architecture and design of gravemarkers in its study area (the whole of Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies) varied over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Based on very extensive fieldwork it first reviews and categorises the setting and form of all types of gravemarker, the motifs they bear, and who made them, in the process producing the first comprehensive list of those who can be proved to have made gravemarkers (some 705 in all). It goes on to set gravemarkers in the context of Early Modern material culture through the comparison of the motifs used on them with the same motifs found elsewhere. Based again on robust fieldwork it then identifies regional styles, largely for the first time, and appends case studies of a number. It considers the reasons for regional variation, and then looks at other causes of variation, and at factors tending towards uniformity. It concludes, first, that gravemarker design was part of the general material culture of the period and has few peculiar features, second, that (pace a number of scholars) religion was not a very significant factor in design or variation, and third, that there was an overall ‘grammar’ of design, within which variation was principally regional but also socio-economic and based on function and personal choice.
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Lawrence, Ranald Andrew Robert. "Cultural climates : the municipal art school and the reformulation of civic identity in Victorian Britain". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709252.
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Albo, Frank. "Freemasonry and the nineteenth-century British Gothic Revival". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283920.
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Rutherford, Allan Gavin. "A social interpretation of the castle in Scotland". Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/986/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1998.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 1998. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Marfella, Claudia. "Art, industrial design, science and popular culture : modernism and cross-disciplinarity in Italy and Great Britain, 1948-1963". Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/33746/.
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Conceived inside a chronological frame, which starts in 1948, the year the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London founded, and ends in 1963, when Gillo Dorfles wrote a crucial essay on industrial design, concluding more than a decade of discussions, the thesis aims to examine some artistic and cultural phenomena identified in Italy and Great Britain, and seen as the acknowledgement or as the reaction to modernity. Topics and fields taken in consideration within the thesis are technology, science (fact and fiction), vision of the future, the relationship between arts and the awareness of industrial design as a new discipline. All these aspects, that might seems unusual in relationship with visual arts, are perceived as the expression of a second phase of Modernism. The British personalities included in the thesis are Reyner Banham, Richard Hamilton, Nigel Henderson, John McHale, Eduardo Paolozzi, Alison and Peter Smithson, all members of the Independent Group. With the presence of architects, visual artists, photographers, critics and, in a broader sense, designers, the group encompassed a variety of popular interests, with the inclusion of mass‐produced goods. The Italian figures presented in the thesis – Gillo Dorfles, Bruno Munari, Ettore Sottsass and Giuseppe Pinot‐Gallizio – focused on industrial design objects, viewed as a new artistic branch, to promote, to plan or to question. Other recurring figures analysed in the thesis are Max Bill, Asger Jorn and Tomás Maldonado, who give international connections to the themes and British and Italian personalities examined. In order to provide a wider understanding of the 1950s and their crucial function in the story of post‐war Europe, the thesis aims to emphasise the role played at different level by British and Italian visual artists, designers and critics, and explain the reasons that, in the following decade, would push Italy in its industrial miracle and Great Britain at the peak for its popular culture, pop music and fashion creativity.
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Gil-Moreno, David. "Potential of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock grown for timber production in Great Britain". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1506120.
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The limited range of commercial timber species in Great Britain has led the forestry sector to consider wider planting of other species. This research addresses wood properties, particularly relevant to structural timber, of noble fir, Norway spruce, western red cedar and western hemlock in Great Britain. Sampling covered three regions to get a representative sample for the country. Bending stiffness, bending strength, density and twist distortion from drying were assessed. The results showed high yields of C16 for all these species, with Norway spruce and western hemlock performing comparatively well to typical British-grown Sitka spruce. Within this dataset, variation of mechanical properties within trees was more important than differences between species. Strength and stiffness increased with age, whereas density followed different trends in the inner and outerwood. The three properties were modelled based on ring number. The use of acoustic techniques to assess the mechanical properties of wood (in particular stiffness), was investigated in clears, sawn timber, logs and trees. The best results were found combining density with acoustic velocity in sawn timber. The use of acoustic techniques in standing trees was more reliable measuring distances of two or three metres, rather than the commonly used one metre; most likely due to a change in the wave propagation. Tree architecture was studied for timber production and quality. Noble fir described the highest merchantable taper profile. Branchiness varied importantly with height in the stem, and models were built for number, diameter and angle of branches. Western red cedar and western hemlock had fewer but thicker branches compared to noble fir and Norway spruce. Future work should produce grading machine settings and address the variation of timber quality and merchantability under different silvicultural regimes. This thesis concludes that the four species investigated can contribute to diversity the timber industry in Great Britain.
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Robb, Johnston Fraser. "Scotts of Greenock : shipbuilders and engineers, 1820-1920; a family enterprise". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1376/.
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It would be an exaggeration to claim that the history of a great industry like shipbuilding in Britain, can be fully understood by concentrating on the history of only one of the many companies that contributed to the developers. However, Scotts of Greenock represent a case study that in many ways encapsulates the critical ingredients which came together to project British shipbuilding from purely local significance to world leadership between the late eighteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. The roots of modern British shipbuilding lie in the craft industry based on wood and sail, one dominated by small scale family and partnership enterprises typical of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The Scotts grew out of this milieu, their family firm dating from 1711, and their survival from that date to the 1980s, marking them out as the longest surviving and oldest firm in British shipbuilding, probably the longest established shipbuilding enterprise in the world. Survival in the small scale world of local markets for wood and sail demanded ingenuity and flexibility, together with a willingness to tackle almost any type of related trade. The Scotts excelled in this unpredictable and opportunistic environment. In Chapter 1 which examines the characteristics of the family, their enterprise in the first century of activity between 1711 and 1820, the foundation of their success is set out.
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Lindfield, Peter Nelson. "Furnishing Britain : Gothic as a national aesthetic, 1740-1840". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3490.
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Furniture history is often considered a niche subject removed from the main discipline of art history, and one that has little to do with the output of painters, sculptors and architects. This thesis, however, connects the key intellectual, artistic and architectural debates surfacing in 'the arts' between 1740 and 1840 with the design of British furniture. Despite the expanding corpus of scholarly monographs and articles dealing with individual cabinet-makers, furniture making in geographic areas and periods of time, little attention has been paid to exploring Gothic furniture made between 1740 and 1840. Indeed, no body of research on 'mainstream' Gothic furniture made at this time has been published. No sustained attempt has been made to trace its stylistic evolution, establish stylistic phases, or to place this development within the context of contemporary architectural practice and historiography — except for the study of A.W.N. Pugin's 'Reformed Gothic'. Neither have furniture historians been willing to explore the aesthetic's connection with the intellectual and sentimental position of 'the Gothic' in the period. This thesis addresses these shortcomings and is the first to bridge the historiographic, cultural and architectural concerns of the time with the stylistic, constructional and material characteristics of Gothic furniture. It argues that it, like architecture, was charged with social and political meanings that included national identity in the eighteenth century — around a century before Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin designed the Palace of Westminster and prominently associated the Gothic legacy with Britishness.
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Topouzi, Marina. "Occupants' interaction with low-carbon retrofitted homes and its impact on energy use". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac363b69-c414-4ef8-875a-ada6a9867f8f.
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Current regulatory and other policy trends in housing refurbishment relating to low-carbon performance standards tend to involve complex technologies and systems as well as innovative solutions to achieve 80% emissions reduction in line with the UK national target for 2050. Indicators of domestic energy performance tend to assume ideal performance of materials, complex systems and services, and that they are installed to high standards and under specific conditions, as well as rational occupant behaviour and interactions. Previous studies exploring the influence of socio-technical factors on the UK's domestic energy use highlight that one of the main reasons for under-performance of individual projects is the lack of understanding of how people interact with domestic technology. Considering this, and given that there is still little evidence on deep refurbishments that implement low-carbon 'whole house' approaches in the UK, this research explored occupants' interaction with heating and ventilation measures as these were designed, installed and operated. The main concern was to identify the type of interactions that occur between occupants (social housing tenants) and building systems (mainly low-carbon heating and ventilation systems), and how that influences actual energy use. Using a sample of 26 social housing properties involved in the Retrofit for the Future competition in the UK, the study employed an socio-technical mixed methods approach, in which qualitative and quantitative empirical data were explored together, cross-checking occupants' 'doings' and 'sayings'. A combination of theories was used to analyse the complex interrelated factors involved in users' interaction with building systems. The analysis identifies key factors that affect significantly occupants' everyday practices and their interactions with the new measures: thermal comfort and pastexperiences with measures and controls; knowledge and skills (of both occupants and those involved in the project); design of the technical interventions (systems/measures) and quality of their installation. The findings from this research showed that active measures (such as intelligent and conventional heating controls, MVHR boosters, etc.) fostered direct interaction with active users when there were no design or installation faults. On the contrary, low-carbon measures that are designed and installed to be passive (such as MVHR systems operation) tend, in practice, to involve indirect interactions with active users. The research findings provide an insight into the 'in-use' factors, demonstrating to policy makers and implementers of mass refurbishment programmes the need for a framework where critical combinations of different measures and design solutions are targeted on specific house types, locations and households, in order to achieve maximum savings. Higher standards in installation of the new measures and improved quality control are also found to be a key part of refurbishment policies.
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Farmer, John. "The deepest shelter in town : from the ruins to the bunker". Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602324.
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Fraser, Shannon Marguerite. "Physical, social and intellectual landscapes in the Neolithic contextualizing Scottish and Irish Megalithic architecture /". Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/787/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1996.BLL : DX192053. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Art, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 1996. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.
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McGowen, Stacey Lynne. "Sacred and civic stone monuments of the northwest Roman provinces". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670012.
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Burg, Jason Ashmore. ""Remember where you are!" : the use of English cathedrals as sites of theatrical performance, 1928-2015". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7662/.
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This thesis explores the ways in which theatrical performances that take place within cathedrals are indelibly shaped by the space of the cathedral from the very beginning of the production process through to audience reception. Drawing on extensive archival research, the Records of Early English Drama, personal interviews, first hand experience as an audience member, and rehearsal observations, this work seeks to understand how these impacts are made and how best to understand the role of the cathedral in shaping such performances. Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the monument will be presented as a way in which one may look at cathedral performance, helping to explain how and why the space acts upon the production. Lefebvre’s theory also helps to situate the cathedral as a social identifier, showing how such performances can act to bring a community together, thereby further influencing the production. This thesis offers insights into how not only the tangible aspects of space affect performance (architecture, art, et cetera), but also how intangible qualities such as history, social identity, emotions, and spirituality/religion impact productions to the same, or similar, degree. Such performances leave indelible marks on the production including the shaping of texts, designs, staging, and the audience’s reception of the final piece; all of which are discussed in detail, with particular attention to case studies. The research concludes by demonstrating that one must not view the cathedral as a neutral vessel, but one that acts upon all aspects of the production of theatre, and in so doing unavoidably alters the performance in a way not possible in other spaces.
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Davey, James. "War, naval logistics and the British state : supplying the Baltic fleet 1808-1812". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2009. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5653/.
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This thesis analyses the victualling system that distributed provisions to the Royal Navy fleet in the Baltic between 1808 and 1812, asking how it was done and with what success, measuring its performances over time. It covers the operational and strategic consequences of an improving logistical service, but also enables significant judgements to be made on the 18th century state, its performance under pressure of war, the public-private relationship, and the links between supply and diplomacy. The transportation of provisions to the Baltic posed serious problems for naval administrators, politicians, and admirals alike. This thesis shows that in practice, naval supply was conducted very effectively; operations in the Baltic were not harmed for want of provisions. The state used the resources of the private sector, particularly the market for shipping, to serve its interests. In the Baltic itself, means were found to secure provisions locally, even from countries in conflict with Britain. Sweden – forced into an unwanted war with Britain by Napoleon – was happy to supply the British though it required much discretion and diplomatic intrigue to avoid the ears of the French spies. Wide scale governmental reform, particularly the Commission for Naval Revision which reported from 1809, brought enhanced timeliness and efficiency to the victualling service. By 1810 a fleet lying in the Baltic was as well supplied as one lying off Deptford, significantly widening operational capabilities. The successful British blockade in the Baltic could not have been achieved twenty years earlier. It is argued that administrative developments created a strategic watershed, after which naval power could be more fully mobilised than ever before.
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Gillin, Edward John. "The science of Parliament : building the Palace of Westminster, 1834-1860". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:65863190-6063-4320-813e-e60dd1a11fb2.
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This thesis examines science's role in the construction of Britain's new Houses of Parliament between 1834 and 1860. Architecturally the Gothic Palace embodies Victorian notions of the medieval and romanticized perceptions of English history. Yet in the mid-nineteenth century, the building not only reflected, but was involved in, the very latest scientific knowledge. This included chemistry, optics, geology, horology, and architecture as a science itself. Science was chosen, performed, trusted, displayed, contested, and debated through the physical space of government. Parliament was a place where science was done. Not only was knowledge imported to guide architectural construction, but it was actively produced within the walls of Britain's new legislature. I argue that this attention to science was not coincidental. Rather, it was a crucial demonstration of the changing relationship between science and politics. Science was increasingly asserted to be a powerful form of knowledge, and to an institution struggling to secure authority in the uncertainty of reformed British politics, it appeared a valuable resource for credibility. Contextualizing the use of science at Parliament in the political instability of the 1830s and 1840s emphasizes how the use of new knowledge was a potent practice of constructing political authority.
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Bigonville, Delphine. "Association des idées et intuition: la réponse des architectes anglais à la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209775.
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Ce travail s’intéresse au problème de la relativisation de l’expression architecturale liée à la remise en question, durant le XVIIe siècle, de l’origine divine et de la valeur des canons proportionnels qui sous-tendent la tradition classique. Emblématique de la Querelle qui opposa Claude Perrault et François Blondel au sein de l’Académie royale de Paris, ce problème recevra une formulation privilégiée dans la tradition théorique anglaise qui se caractérise par la volonté de préserver une forme d’objectivité à l’expression formelle tout en cherchant à y intégrer la valeur subjective de l’usage. A travers l’étude de textes esthétiques et de théories d’architecture produits en Angleterre durant le XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, nous avons cherché à identifier les différentes solutions proposées par les théoriciens pour parvenir à concilier le sujet et l’objet dans la forme architecturale et ainsi aboutir à une expression qui autorise l’appropriation individuelle tout en satisfaisant à l’impératif du consensus.Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Pavesi, Lorenza. "Ian Nairn: subtopia e Townscape". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-09062011-164924/.
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Em junho de 1955, o periódico inglês The Architectural Review publicou uma edição especial chamada Outrage escrita pelo jovem crítico Ian Douglas Nairn (1930-1983) que teve um profundo impacto no debate sobre a reconstrução do pós-guerra. Essa dissertação analisa a trajetória intelectual e profissional de Ian Nairn e seu envolvimento com um modelo de intervenção ambiental e metodologia de projeto urbano articulada pela The Architectural Review a partir de 1947 e conhecida com o nome de Townscape. Ao explorar o contexto histórico e cultural na Grã-Bretanha do pós-guerra e o clima intelectual específico na Review essa pesquisa pretende avaliar a esquecida contribuição de Nairn em promover o ideário Townscape na Grã-Bretanha e no exterior. Também pretende demonstrar como esse ideário determinou sua visão e esteve presentes não apenas em seu trabalho para a Review mas também em uma diversa gama de mídia. Não só sua visão era profundamente influenciada pelo ideário Townscape mas podemos afirmar que ele acrescentou ao Townscape algo muito pessoal e essa marca foi importante para a visibilidade dos princípios Townscape e portanto para uma ampla penetração dos mesmos.In June 1955, the English periodical The Architectural Review published a special edition called Outrage by young critic Ian Douglas Nairn (1930-1983), which had a profound impact on the post-war reconstruction debate. This dissertation analyzes Ian Nairn\'s professional and intellectual trajectory, and his involvement with a model of environmental intervention and urban design methodology articulated by the Architectural Review beginning in 1947 and known under the rubric of Townscape. By exploring the historical and cultural context of post-war Great Britain, as well as the specific cultural climate within the Review, this study aims to assess Nairn\'s largely forgotten contribution in promoting Townscape ideals both in Great Britain and abroad. It also aims to demonstrate how these ideals determined his vision and were present not only in his work at the Review but also across a wide range of media. In addition, we also assert that Nairn added his own unique signature, which was key to the increasing visibility of Townscape ideals and therefore to their dissemination.
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Doroszenko, Rebekah. "Improvement and the Scottish rural estate : Sir Archibald Grant at Monymusk, 1715-1778". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6865/.
Texto completoResumen
The purpose of this study is ultimately to analyze the influence of cultural attitudes on the treatment of the Scottish estate in the first half of the 18th century (c.1715 – c.1776), making particular reference to the ideology of improvement, through the use of Sir Archibald Grant of Monymusk as a case study. Grant’s improvement of his estate is not understood as literally agricultural or economic development alone, but as a complex ideological commitment to the transformation of land, landscape and society. Whilst Grant of Monymusk has been discussed with reference to economic improvement, the relationship between his role as a publically acknowledged improver and his patronage of art and architecture, as well as his attempts at publication, has not been subject to similar interest. This thesis uses an innovative interdisciplinary approach which draws on archaeological as well as art historical methodologies. It discusses a wider range of estate commissions, in particular Grant’s patronage of the portrait artists John Smibert and William Robertson, the poet John Ogilvie, his commission of the architectural surveyors Alexander Jaffray and Robert Robinson, as well as his work to construct planned villages at Kirktown of Monymusk and Archiestown. The thesis attempts to place these commissions within the context of recent studies of improvement which emphasize its role as an ideology with cultural implications. The use of an individual case study allows for a more in depth discussion of specific reactions to historical and ideological change, providing a narrative of a specific site and thus creating an individual response towards broader cultural and scientific developments.
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Sieglová, Kateřina. "Neogotická přestavba zámku Hluboká nad Vltavou". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309005.
Texto completoResumen
Diploma thesis "Neo-Gothic rebuilding of chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou" first provides a brief summary of basic literary and archival sources, followed by description of terminology in the field of 19th century architecture together with the explanation used by the author. After that there is mentioned a situation in Czech architecture at the end of 18th and in the 19th century. Next point is the Gothic Revival phenomenon - its establishment, ways of its spreading and its influence in middle Europe including Czech countries. Own topic of this thesis is introduced by a general and building history of chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou. After that there are introduced prince Jan Adolf II. of Schwarzenberg and his wife, who managed the rebuilding of the chateau. There is also a description of their personal contacts with British culture and architecture. Main part of the thesis is dedicated to Neo-Gothic rebuilding of chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou. This chapter is divided into several subchapters, where are described changes in the chateau interior and exterior including the effort of document the direct influence of Gothic Revival, and also the adaptation of the close surroundings of the chateau. Keywords Neo-Gothic architecture, Great Britain, Gothic Revival, chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou, prince Jan Adolf II....