Tesis sobre el tema "Bruit artificiel"
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Ajayi, Idowu Iseoluwa. "Enhanced Physical Layer Security through Frequency and Spatial Diversity". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS227.
Texto completoPhysical layer security (PLS) is an emerging paradigm that focuses on using the properties of wireless communication, such as noise, fading, dispersion, interference, diversity, etc., to provide security between legitimate users in the presence of an eavesdropper. Since PLS uses signal processing and coding techniques, it takes place at the physical layer and hence can guarantee secrecy irrespective of the computational power of the eavesdropper. This makes it an interesting approach to complement legacy cryptography whose security premise is based on the computational hardness of the encryption algorithm that cannot be easily broken by an eavesdropper. The advancements in quantum computing has however shown that attackers have access to super computers and relying on only encryption will not be enough. In addition, the recent rapid advancement in wireless communication technologies has seen the emergence and adoption of technologies such as Internet of Things, Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication, massive Machine-Type Communication, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, etc. Most of these technologies are decentralized, limited in computational and power resources, and delay sensitive. This makes PLS a very interesting alternative to provide security in such technologies. To this end, in this thesis, we study the limitations to the practical implementation of PLS and propose solutions to address these challenges. First, we investigate the energy efficiency challenge of PLS by artificial noise (AN) injection in massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) context. The large precoding matrix in massive MIMO also contributes to a transmit signal with high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This motivated us to proposed a novel algorithm , referred to as PAPR-Aware-Secure-mMIMO. In this scheme, instantaneous Channel State Information (CSI) is used to design a PAPR-aware AN that simultaneously provides security while reducing the PAPR. This leads to energy efficient secure massive MIMO. The performance is measured in terms of secrecy capacity, Symbol Error Rate (SER), PAPR, and Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE). Next, we consider PLS by channel adaptation. These PLS schemes depend on the accuracy of the instantaneous CSI and are ineffective when the CSI is inaccurate. However, CSI could be inaccurate in practice due to such factors as noisy CSI feedback, outdated CSI, etc. To address this, we commence by proposing a PLS scheme that uses precoding and diversity to provide PLS. We then study the impact of imperfect CSI on the PLS performance and conclude with a proposal of a low-complexity autoencoder neural network to denoise the imperfect CSI and give optimal PLS performance. The proposed autoencoder models are referred to as DenoiseSecNet and HybDenoiseSecNet respectively. The performance is measured in terms of secrecy capacity and Bit Error Rate (BER). Finally, we study the performance of PLS under finite-alphabet signaling. Many works model performance assuming that the channel inputs are Gaussian distributed. However, Gaussian signals have high detection complexity because they take a continuum of values and have unbounded amplitudes. In practice, discrete channel inputs are used because they help to maintain moderate peak transmission power and receiver complexity. However, they introduce constraints that significantly affect PLS performance, hence, the related contribution in this thesis. We propose the use of dynamic keys to partition modulation spaces in such a way that it benefits a legitimate receiver and not the eavesdropper. This keys are based on the independent main channel and using them to partition leads to larger decision regions for the intended receiver but smaller ones for the Eavesdropper. The scheme is referred to as Index Partitioned Modulation (IPM). The performance is measured in terms of secrecy capacity, mutual information and BER
Bayle, Jean-Baptiste. "Simulation and Data Analysis for LISA : Instrumental Modeling, Time-Delay Interferometry, Noise-Reduction Permormance Study, and Discrimination of Transient Gravitational Signals". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7123.
Texto completoThe Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Three spacecraft are placed in a quasi-equilateral triangular formation whose barycenter trails the Earth on its heliocentric orbit. Laser beams are exchanged to monitor pico-metric variations between the test masses due to gravitational waves. Because various instrumental noise sources couple to the measurements, several data processing techniques are used to reduce them before we can extract gravitational-wave signals.To study these noise-reduction algorithms, we propose a realistic instrumental model. We investigate how the main noise sources appear in the measurements and work out their residuals in almost noise-free combinations. To validate these results, we develop a flexible numerical simulation tool that aims to generate realistic measurements: LISANode propagates noise time series between the spacecraft and in the optical benches, all the way down to the phasemeters and the on-board computers. It also computes the response to gravitational waves. LISANode is capable of executing the main noise-reduction algorithms, including the computation of Time-Delay Interferometry laser noise-free combinations, as well as clock-calibrated combinations.As we account for instrumental and numerical imperfections, noises do not exactly vanish in the final combinations. In particular, we study the performance hit of the constellation flexing and the on-board data processing on the laser-noise reduction. We model the flexing-filtering coupling and propose a technique to mitigate this effect. Moreover, we derive exact clock-noise calibration expressions. Simulations are used to validate these results and confirm that the dominant sources of noise can be reduced to the required levels.We also investigate machine-learning techniques to discriminate between instrumental glitches and transient gravitational signals. Analytic studies show that both appear differently in noise-free combinations and experiments suggest that some neural networks are capable of distinguishing between them
Boyer, Marc. "Induction de régularités dans une base de connaissances : application au phénomène bruit / gêne et ses extensions". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0017.
Texto completoJoannides, Marc. "Navigation intégrée d'un engin sous-marin remorqué. Filtrage non-linéaire des systèmes sans bruit d'observation et/ou mesures parfaites". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11005.
Texto completoAwadallah, Ayman Georges. "Hydro-climatologie globale pour la prévision des crues du Nil au moyen de fonctions de transfert avec bruit et de réseaux de neurones artificiels". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/NQ48877.pdf.
Texto completoDamoiseaux, Jean-Luc. "Un environnement pour la représentation et le traitement de phénomènes acoustiques : application à la caractérisation de bruits sous-marins". Avignon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AVIG0101.
Texto completoBuniet, Laurent. "Traitement automatique de la parole en milieu bruité : étude de modèles connexionnistes statiques et dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629285.
Texto completoHedayat, Sara. "Conception et fabrication de neurones artificiels pour le traitement bioinspiré de l'information". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I039/document.
Texto completoCurrent computing technology has now reached its limits and it becomes thus urgent to propose new paradigms for information processing capable of reducing the energy consumption while improving the computing performances. Moreover, the human brain, is a fascinating and powerful organ with remarkable performances in areas as varied as learning, creativity, fault tolerance. Furthermore, with its total 300 billion cells, is able to perform complex cognitive tasks by consuming only around 20W. In this context, we investigated a new paradigm called neuromorphic or bio-inspired information processing.More precisely, the purpose of this thesis was to design and fabricate an ultra-low power artificial neuron using recent advances in neuroscience and nanotechnology. First, we investigated the functionalities of living neurons, their neuronal membrane and explored different membrane models known as Hodgkin Huxley, Wei and Morris Lecar models. Second, based on the Morris Lecar model, we designed analog spiking artificial neurons with different time constants and these neurons were fabricated using 65nm CMOS technology. Then we characterized these artificial neurons and obtained state of the art performances in terms of area, dissipated power and energy efficiency. Finally we investigated the noise within these artificial neurons, compared it with the biological sources of noise in a living neuron and experimentally demonstrated the stochastic resonance phenomenon. These artificial neurons can be extremely useful for a large variety of applications, ranging from data analysis (image and video processing) to medical aspect (neuronal implants)
Ekobo, Akoa Brice. "Détection et conciliation d'erreurs intégrées dans un décodeur vidéo : utilisation des techniques d'analyse statistique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT069/document.
Texto completoThis report presents the research conducted during my PhD, which aims to develop an efficient algorithm for correcting errors in a digital image decoding process and ensure a high level of visual quality of decoded images. Statistical analysis techniques are studied to detect and conceal the artefacts. A control loop is implemented for the monitoring of image visual quality. The manuscript consists in six chapters. The first chapter presents the principal state of art image quality assessment methods and introduces our proposal. This proposal consists in a video quality measurement tool (VQMT) using the Human Visual System to indicate the visual quality of a video (or an image). Three statistical learning models of VQMT are designed. They are based on classification, artificial neural networks and non-linear regression and are developed in the second, third and fourth chapter respectively. The fifth chapter presents the principal state of art image error concealment technics. The latter chapter uses the results of the four former chapters to design an algorithm for error concealment in images. The demonstration considers blur and noise artefacts and is based on the Wiener filter optimized on the criterion of local linear minimum mean square error. The results are presented and discussed to show how the VQMT improves the performances of the implemented algorithm for error concealment
Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie. "Recherches de base pour l'élaboration d'un milieu artificiel brut assurant le développement de Trissolcus basalis (Woll. ) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), parasitoi͏̈de oophage de Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT020A.
Texto completoGrondin, François. "Reconnaissance de locuteurs pour robot mobile". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1632.
Texto completoWu, Qin. "Élaboration d'algorithmesde la reconnaissance vocale à bord de véhicule". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112293.
Texto completoThis dissertation treats principally the problem of recognition of isolated words pronounced inside a vehicule. In this particular application, the noise injected into the recognition system has a high and variable level with respect to the speech signal. The different chapters will deal with: the localisation of the speech phrase within the noise, the discrimination of noise with respect to speech, - the adaptation of the system with respect to the ambient environment, the noise soustraction. Algorithms for speech recognition are also discussed and developed. The last chapter describes a speech recognition system designed around o single-chip microprocesseur (INTEL 8096)
Kameni, Carole. "Etude et optimisation d’une source sonore pour la sollicitation acoustique fort niveau des satellites". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1008.
Texto completoBefore their launch in space, satellites are the object of tests in order to test their behaviors with diverse constraints (thermal, acoustic, etc.). In terms of acoustic qualification, the Intespace company submits the satellites to high sound levels (of the order of 145 dB SPL in the reverberating room) comparable to those existing during the take-off phase of the launcher. For this purpose, it uses electropneumatic sources coupled to horns opening into a reverberating room. This acoustic system ensures its mission successfully but Intespace is wondering about the possibilities of improving the system. Two prototypes of pneumatic sources (oscillating or rotating disk, 1 on 5 scale) are developed and constructed. Theoretical predictions taking into account the vena contracta are compared with the experimental data from an instrumented measuring bench. Their differences in the sound levels at the source outlet do not exceed 1 dB at supply pressures of 1 to 3.5 bars absolute. A horn prototype whose shapes have been optimized was built on a 1 on 5 scale. The measurements show interesting performances. Considering the sound levels generated by the source, a study of the propagation in the horn highlights nonlinear phenomena. The latter are not influenced by the presence of an average flow for the velocities envisaged in the study. Finally, measurements are realized on the whole system at 1 on 5 scale, in order to evaluate their performance. The measured sound levels are compared to the predictions of a model derived from the Sabine theory. The differences do not exceed 3 dB or less
Bauzet, Caroline. "Étude d'équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845337.
Texto completoFindling, Charles. "Computational learning noise in human decision-making". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS490.
Texto completoIn uncertain and changing environments, making sequential decisions requires analyzing and weighting the past and present information. To model human behavior in such environments, computational approaches to learning have been developed based on reinforcement learning or Bayesian inference. To further account for behavioral variability, these computational approaches assume action selection noise, usually modeled with a softmax function. In the first part of my work, I argue that action selection noise is insufficient to explain behavioral variability and show the presence of learning noise reflecting computational imprecisions. To this end, I introduced computational noise in the standard reinforcement learning algorithm through random deviations in the noise-free update rule. Adding this noise led to a better account of human behavioral performances in reward-guided tasks (Findling C., Skvortsova V., et al., 2018a, in prep). The presence of learning noise led me to investigate whether this noise could have a functional role. In the second part of my work, I argue that this learning noise actually has virtuous adaptive properties in learning processes elicited in changing (volatile) environments. Using the Bayesian modeling framework, I demonstrate that a simple learning model assuming stable external contingencies with learning noise performs virtually as well as the optimal Bayesian adaptive process based on inferring the volatility of the environment. Furthermore, I establish that this learning noise model better explains human behavioral performances in changing environments (Findling C. at al., 2018b, in prep)
Lohou, Anaël. "Conception de circuits intégrés pour antenne à pointage électronique destinée aux télécommunications par satellite en bande Ka". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0096/document.
Texto completoIn a world where the information is moving faster and faster, it is important to be able to stay connected continuously. Some new solutions for air transport connectivity are in development thanks to the rise of satellite communications. This thesis work is part of an electronically steerable antenna array project, developed as a solution to achieve In-Flight Connectivity in Ka-band. A state- of-the art review on electronically steerable antenna arrays is also presented. In these arrays, each radiating element needs a specific amplitude and phase to obtain a scanning beam by adding their contribution. This thesis focus on the design of a GaAs MMIC chip inclusion two functions: a phase shifter and a variable-gain low-noise amplifier. The simulation and measurement results are presented for these two functions
Bertin, Bruno. "Système d'acquisition et de traitement des signaux pour la surveillance et le diagnostic de système complexe". Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI241.
Texto completoAbboud, Yacine. "Fouille de motifs : entre accessibilité et robustesse". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0176/document.
Texto completoInformation now occupies a central place in our daily lives, it is both ubiquitous and easy to access. Yet extracting information from data is often an inaccessible process. Indeed, even though data mining methods are now accessible to all, the results of these mining are often complex to obtain and exploit for the user. Pattern mining combined with the use of constraints is a very promising direction of the literature to both improve the efficiency of the mining and make its results more apprehensible to the user. However, the combination of constraints desired by the user is often problematic because it does not always fit with the characteristics of the searched data such as noise. In this thesis, we propose two new constraints and an algorithm to overcome this issue. The robustness constraint allows to mine noisy data while preserving the added value of the contiguity constraint. The extended closedness constraint improves the apprehensibility of the set of extracted patterns while being more noise-resistant than the conventional closedness constraint. The C3Ro algorithm is a generic sequential pattern mining algorithm that integrates many constraints, including the two new constraints that we have introduced, to provide the user the most efficient mining possible while reducing the size of the set of extracted patterns. C3Ro competes with the best pattern mining algorithms in the literature in terms of execution time while consuming significantly less memory. C3Ro has been experienced in extracting competencies from web-based job postings
El, hamzaoui Imane. "Unsupervised separation of sparse multivalued components with applications in astrophysics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG015.
Texto completoThe rapid increase of multispectral-multitemporal imagers in various application fields requires new data analysis tools particularly suitable for multivalued data. In high-energy astronomy, missions such as Chandra or Fermi are telling examples of signal processing challenges past or to come. This thesis is aimed at proposing new models to analyze X-ray astrophysical data and introducing efficient algorithms to retrieve meaningful information from these data. More specifically, the goal of this thesis is to extend component separation techniques in order to propose models that faithfully describe measurements contaminated with shot noise and that fully account for spectral variabilities ubiquitous in high-energy astrophysical images. The numerical tools developed in this thesis will be applied to X-ray Chandra telescope data
Bauzet, Caroline. "Etude d'équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques". Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3007/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the mathematical field of stochastic nonlinear partial differential equations’ analysis. We are interested in parabolic and hyperbolic PDE stochastically perturbed in the Itô sense. We introduce randomness by adding a stochastic integral (Itô integral), which can depend or not on the solution. We thus talk about a multiplicative noise or an additive one. The presence of the random variable does not allow us to apply systematically classical tools of PDE analysis. Our aim is to adapt known techniques of the deterministic setting to nonlinear stochastic PDE analysis by proposing alternative methods. Here are the obtained results : In Chapter I, we investigate on a stochastic perturbation of Barenblatt equations. By using an implicit time discretization, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution in the additive case. Thanks to the properties of such a solution, we are able to extend this result to the multiplicative noise using a fixed-point theorem. In Chapter II, we consider a class of stochastic equations of Barenblatt type but in an abstract frame. It is about a generalization of results from Chapter I. In Chapter III, we deal with the study of the Cauchy problem for a stochastic conservation law. We show existence of solution via an artificial viscosity method. The compactness arguments are based on Young measure theory. The uniqueness result is proved by an adaptation of the Kruzhkov doubling variables technique. In Chapter IV, we are interested in the Dirichlet problem for the stochastic conservation law studied in Chapter III. The remarkable point is the use of the Kruzhkov semi-entropies to show the uniqueness of the solution. In Chapter V, we introduce a splitting method to propose a numerical approach of the problem studied in Chapter IV. Then we finish by some simulations of the stochastic Burgers’ equation in the one dimensional case
Hmamouche, Yassine. "Applications of stochastic geometry in the modeling and analysis of wireless networks". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0212.
Texto completoNext generation wireless networks, i.e., fifth generation (5G) and beyond (B5G), are expected to be highly heterogeneous, multilayered, with embedded intelligence at both thecore and edge of the network. In such a context, system-level performance evaluation will be very important to formulate relevant insights into tradeoffs that govern such a complex system and then prevent the need for onerous and timeconsuming computer simulations. Over the past decade, stochastic geometry has emerged as a powerful analytical tool to evaluate system-level performance of wireless networks and capture their tendency towards heterogeneity. This dissertation reviews first novel stochastic geometry models and techniques developed during the last decade in modeling and analysis of modern wireless networks. The discussions are refined enough to be accessible for non-specialist readers and help new, intermediate, or advanced readers familiarize quickly with this field of research. Next, we leverage stochastic geometry frameworks to investigate several aspects of 5G and B5G wireless networks and then illustrate its mathematical flexibility and ability to capture the analysis of the rather unconventional scenarios. Also, new perspectives that will breathe new life into the use of stochastic geometry during this crucial decade are discussed. In a nutshell, extensive discussions were held on broader topics such as free space (FSO) optical communications, visible light communications, unmanned aerial vehicle systems, fog radio access architecture (F-RAN) , artificial intelligence and machine learning, and molecular communications
Böhm, Julian. "Phénomènes de transport originaux dans des expériences micro-ondes via la mise en forme spatiale et spectrale". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4048/document.
Texto completoTransport of waves plays an important role in modern communication systems like Wi-Fi or optical fibres. Typical problems in such systems concern security against possible intruders, energy consumption, time efficiency and the possibility of mode filtering. Microwave experiments are suited to study this kind of problems, because they offer a good control of the experimental parameters. Thus we can implement the method of wave shaping to investigate atypical transport phenomena, which address the mentioned problems. Wave front shaping solely based on the transmission together with the Wigner-Smith time delay formalism allows me to establish special scattering states in situ. These scattering states avoid a pre-selected region, focus on a specific spot or follow trajectories of classical particles, so called particle-like scattering states. Mode filtering is induced inside a waveguide with wavy boundaries and position dependent loss. The boundary profiles are chosen in such a way that the two propagating modes describe an encircling of an exceptional point in the Bloch picture. The asymmetric mode filtering is found due to the appearing non-adiabatic transitions. Another part of my work deals with Grover’s quantum search. I put such a search into practice in a two-dimensional graphene-lattice using coupled resonators, which form a tight-binding analogue. In this proof of principle experiment we search for different resonators attached to the graphene-lattice. Furthermore, the scaling behaviour of the quantum search is quantified for a linear chain of resonators
Lamraoui, Fethi. "Alignement de phrases parallèles dans des corpus bruités". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10404.
Texto completoCurrent statistical machine translation systems require parallel corpora in large quantities, and typically obtain such corpora through automatic alignment at the sentence level: a text and its translation . The alignment of parallel corpora has received a lot of attention in the eighties and is largely considered to be a solved problem in the community. We show that this is not the case and propose an alignment technique that we compare to the state-of-the-art aligners. Our technique is simple, fast and can handle large amounts of data. It often produces better results than state-of-the-art. We analyze the robustness of our alignment technique across different text genres and noise level. For this, our experiments are divided into two main parts. In the first part, we measure the alignment quality on BAF corpus with up to 60% of noise. In the second part, we use the Europarl corpus and revisit the alignment procedure with which it has been prepared; we show that better SMT performance can be obtained using our alignment technique.