Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Brito family"

In this note we study some properties of an new TAN–G class of trigonometric cumulative distribution functions proposed by Souza, O. Junior, de Brito, Chesneau, Fernandes and Ferreira [1]. We consider also modified families of ”adaptive functions” with ”polynomial variable transfer” with applications to the Antenna–feeder Analysis. We study the ”saturation” - d in the Hausdorff sense for some special cases of this family. The article discusses only model aspects of the possible application that this new family finds in the above area. The models are very sensitive to the coefficients of the polynomial (respectively the number and location of its zeros). This makes these models attractive for simulations. Numerical examples, illustrating our results using CAS MATHEMATICA are given.

The first zoeal stages of the inachid crabs Inachus aguiarii de Brito Capello, 1876, I. communissimus Rizza, 1839 and Ergasticus clouei A. Milne-Edwards, 1882, are described and illustrated from laboratory-hatched material obtained from ovigerous females collected in the western Mediterranean. The morphologies of the first zoeae were compared with the corresponding stage of other known species in the family Inachidae. The zoeae of I. aguiarii and I. communissimus are very similar to those described in other species of the genus, especially I. thoracicus and I. dorsettensis. The zoeae of I. aguiarii and I. communissimus differ from each other in the number of setae on the ventral margin of the carapace. The first zoea of E. clouei, however, does not share the zoeal characters common to other Inachidae. Therefore, does not completely fit into the characteristics of the family.

Specimens of four new nematode species of the family Comesomatidae were isolated from the sediments of littoral zone of South China Sea at the coast of Vietnam and described and illustrated. Sabatieria curvispiculata sp. n. is characterized by the long and slender tail, short cephalic setae and strongly curved spicules in males. Setosabatiera orientalis sp. n. is close to S. australis Riera, Nunez, Brito, 2006, but differs from it in the comparatively shorter and more slender tail, small-er number of amphidial fovea turns, greater number of precloacal supplements in males and shape and structure of spic-ules. Dorylaimopsis intermedia sp. n. is morphologically closest to D. mediterranea Grimaldi-de Zio, 1968 and D. magellanense Chen, Vincx, 1968, but differs from both species in the longer outer labial setae and absence of precloacal supplements in males. D. brevispiculata sp. n. is similar to D. turneri Zhang, 1992 and D. coomansi Muthumbi, Soetaert, Vincx, 1977, but differs from both species in the shape of outer labial sensillae and absence of precloacal supplements in males. A pictorial key for determination of valid species in the genus Setosabatieria Rouville, 1903 is given.

Material for all seven South American species of late Oligocene and Miocene scutelliform, non-lunulate sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) was examined, resulting in revision of several taxa, and description of a new family, Placatenellidae n. fam., to house Placatenella n. gen. and Camachoaster n. gen. Known only from the state of Pará, Brazil, and previously described as a member of Abertella Durham, 1953, A. complanata Brito, 1981 is redescribed on the basis of analysis of the holotype and subsequently described material from the same region. A. complanata is removed from synonymy with A. pirabensis (Marchesini Santos, 1958), and transferred as the type species of Placatenella n. gen. A new taxon, Camachoaster n. gen., is described to hold C. maquedensis n. sp. The Abertellidae Durham, 1955 is revised and the concept of the genus Abertella restricted to include only those forms with a posterior notch and all interambulacra discontinuous, including A. pirabensis, which is redescribed from the only known specimen, confirming that this species lacks any trace of an anal lunule but possesses features fully congruent with its placement in Abertella. Iheringiellidae n. fam. is established to house the common but taxonomically challenging taxon, Iheringiella Berg, 1898. New data on the occurrence and location of the types of Iheringiella are discussed, and comments on the status of Eoscutella mirandae Parma, 1985 provided. A tabular key to all seven South American non-lunulates is given, along with discussion of the relationship between the posterior notch and the anal lunule.

Roots of laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.), member of the family Fagaceae, were found to be heavily galled by the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in two separate home gardens between 2010 and 2012, in Alachua Co., FL. Distinct round galls were observed on secondary and tertiary roots. Internally, root-knot nematode females were clearly visible when the roots were thinly sliced and egg masses were seen protruding from the root surfaces. The nematode species identification was performed using morphology of the male stylet, selected characters of the second-stage juveniles (J2), female perineal patterns, and esterase (EST) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) isozyme phenotypes. Morphology of perineal patterns of females, body, stylet, and tail length of the J2 and males all matched those of the original description of M. partityla (2). A swollen deeply grooved rectum was observed in the J2. The male stylet had a blunt tip with a prominent thickening at the junction between the cone and shaft. The stylet knobs of males and females were bipartite, each incised by a deep medium longitudinal groove (2). The isozyme phenotypes (EST = Mp3; Mdh = N1a) were consistent with those previously reported for M. partityla from Florida (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (3) and ribosomal internal transcriber spacer (ITS) DNA (4) of females were amplified to further confirm the nematode species identification. The mtDNA amplification using the C2F3/1108 primer set (3) and the ITS amplification using a recently available M. partityla specific primer set (4) produced fragments of approximately 530 bp and 550 bp, respectively. These were consistent with those already reported for this nematode species. This first report of a plant host for the pecan root-knot nematode outside of the family Juglandaceae indicates that the nematode may have migrated from Quercus species to pecan trees during the period when orchards were being established in Florida. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the pecan root-knot nematode infecting laurel oak. References: (1) J. A. Brito et al. Nematology 10:757, 2008. (2) Kleynhans, K. P. N. Phytophylatica 18:103, 1986. (3) T. O. Powers et al., J. Nematol. 37:226, 2005. (4) R. A. Stamler. M. S. thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 2009.

Angelonia angustifolia, commonly known as ‘angelonia’, belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae. This plant is an ornamental frequently grown by home gardeners in Florida. Angelonia is a short, erect perennial with smooth stems, narrow leaves with toothed margins, and long-lasting, colorful blooms that makes it an ideal summer bedding plant. Roots from angelonia plants that showed stunted growth and yellowing leaves while growing in a home garden in Alachua County were collected and sent to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Nematology Laboratory. The roots were heavily galled but the galls were very small. Females and second-stage juveniles (J2) were extracted from the galled roots and used for species identification on the basis of perineal patterns, J2 morphometrics, and electrophoresis of isozymes (esterase and malate dehydrogenase). Isozymes were extracted from young egg-laying females with extraction buffer (10% [wt/vol] sucrose, 2% [vol/vol] triton X-100, 0.01% [wt/vol] bromophenol blue) and resolved with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (4% stacking [pH 6.8] and 8% separating gel [pH 8.8] with Tris-glycine buffer) in the BioRad Mini Protean system. Morphology of the perineal patterns and measurements of the J2s matched those of the original description (3). Enzyme analyses showed two major bands (VS1-S1 phenotype) of esterase (Est) activity and one strong malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) band (N1a). The Est and Mdh phenotypes were consistent with those for M. mayaguensis reported earlier in Florida (1) and Brazil (2). Studies are currently underway regarding the identification and distribution of M. mayaguensis in ornamental nurseries and vegetable-producing areas in Florida. These surveys will provide insight for the implementation of regulatory and control measures. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. angustifolia as a host of M. mayaguensis. References: (1) J. A. Brito et al. J. Nematol. 36:232, 2004. (2) R. M. D. G. Carneiro et al. Nematology 2:645, 2001. (3) A. Rammah and H. Hirschmann. J. Nematol. 20:58, 1988.

BackgroundPrimary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by inflammation of exocrine glands, particularly the lacrimal and salivary glands, as well as multiple extraglandular involvements. Treatment is often challenging, and till now, no Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARD) have been approved for this condition. There is a lack of data about the efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors in pSS. Here we report a patient with pSS successfully responding to upadacitinib.ObjectivesTo see the efficacy of upadacitinib in the management of primary Sjogren syndrome.MethodsA 68-year-old woman presented with pain in multiple joints for 16 years with intermittent use of NSAIDs. She had no low back pain and no self or family history of psoriasis or red eye. She denied dry mouth but required frequent water drinking during meals to aid swallowing and occasionally used artificial tears. MTX was started for her two-month articular flare and positive rheumatoid factor (RF). MTX caused severe vomiting and hyponatremia, and she was hospitalized. After the correction of hyponatremia, she was put on tofacitinib. We reevaluated the case when she came to us. She had grade 2-3 tenderness of most peripheral joints and was bedridden. Immunological parameters revealed RF 127 IU/ml (reference value <14), anti-SSA antibody 147 U/ml (normal <3.2), anti-SSB antibody 149 U/ml (reference value <8) and anti-CCP antibody; ANA, anti-ds-DNA Ab were negative. There was no erosion on the X-ray hands. Schirmer’s test was positive (3 mm bilaterally). Unstimulated salivary flow after five minutes was 0.04 ml/min (≤0.1 ml/min indicates salivary hypofunction). She fulfilled the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, and we diagnosed her with primary Sjogren syndrome. Considering her age, she was switched to upadacitinib, as European Medicines Agency restricted the use of tofacitinib beyond 65 years.ResultsHer EULAR Sjogren Syndrome’s Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) [1] was six at baseline, indicating moderate disease activity. Her joint pain improved significantly within two months with infrequent use of pilocarpine in the sixth month. Six months after treatment with upadacitinib, ESSDAI came down to 2; the Patient’s Global Assessment score was 02 and achieved STAR (Sjogren’s Tool for Assessing Response) response 7 (STAR responder if score ≥5) [2].ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first case report on the efficacy of upadacitinib in pSS. Further high-quality clinical trials are required to confirm the benefit of upadacitinib in pSS.References[1]. Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P, Bombardieri S, Bootsma H, De Vita S, Dörner T, Fisher BA, Gottenberg JE, Hernandez-Molina G, Kocher A, Kostov B. EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjögren’s syndrome with topical and systemic therapies. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2020 Jan 1;79(1):3-18.[2]. Seror R, Baron G, Camus M, Cornec D, Perrodeau E, Bowman SJ, Bombardieri M, Bootsma H, Gottenberg JE, Fisher B, Hueber W. Development and preliminary validation of the Sjögren’s Tool for Assessing Response (STAR): a consensual composite score for assessing treatment effect in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2022 Jul 1;81(7):979-89.[1]. Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P, Bombardieri S, Bootsma H, De Vita S, Dörner T, Fisher BA, Gottenberg JE, Hernandez-Molina G, Kocher A, Kostov B. EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjögren’s syndrome with topical and systemic therapies. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2020 Jan 1;79(1):3-18.[2]. Seror R, Baron G, Camus M, Cornec D, Perrodeau E, Bowman SJ, Bombardieri M, Bootsma H, Gottenberg JE, Fisher B, Hueber W. Development and preliminary validation of the Sjögren’s Tool for Assessing Response (STAR): a consensual composite score for assessing treatment effect in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2022 Jul 1;81(7):979-89.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

Background and context: It is known the chances of healing in developed countries might be of 90%, depending on the type of tumor and, especially, its early diagnosis. In Brazil, cancer is the leading cause of death by disease among ages from 1 to 19, and because it is rare, health professionals have difficulties in diagnosing and referring cases to treatment. Aim: The “Unidos pela Cura” aims to promote early diagnosis of childhood cancer in Rio de Janeiro in a coresponsible and integrated way to the principles of Brazilian Unified Health System (universalization, equity and integrality). Strategy/Tactics: This initiative included the Desiderata Institute as the leader of civil society organization, having as its bases: i) Mobilization of managers from the government, heads and professionals of the pediatric oncology services, health practitioners (primary care) and social organization to identify the main problem with pediatric oncology in the public system and to collectively think solutions. The identified problem was related to the early diagnosis; ii) Knowledge about the identified problem, with studies: one pointed out the main epidemiologic trends of childhood cancer in the state of Rio de Janeiro ( Koiffman, 2004 ); and another showed the system problems by revealing that suspicions of childhood cancer took an average of 60 days to be investigated when they arrived from primary care ( Brito, 2005 ); iii) Advocacy: the collective construction of coresponsibilities and priorities regarding childhood cancer in a term of commitment, and marked the definition of the initiative as public policy; and iv) Communication: bulletins with the results of the Unidos pela Cura are to be annually produced and sent to managers and health professionals to monitor cases and disseminate the results. Program/Policy process: Unidos pela Cura is a collective and coresponsible initiative to promote the early diagnosis of childhood cancer, created in 2005 and organized into three axes: i) Education - training health professionals in the family health strategy for cancer suspicion; ii) Flow - organization of referral flow and referral of suspected cases of childhood cancer from primary care to specialized hospitals to start the diagnostic investigation within 72 hours; and iii) Information - online system for monitoring suspected cases referred by primary care until diagnostic confirmation, with annual results disclosure. Outcomes: As results, the Unidos pela Cura has been included in the State Cancer Care Plan (2018-2021) and the Municipal Health Plan (2009-2012); 535 doctors and 3038 professionals from the family health strategy; 1311 children and adolescents were referred and 127 confirmed cases of cancer; 37 meetings of the managing group of Unidos pela Cura, among others. What was learned: Collaborative actions between society and governments can contribute to better outcomes and chances of cure.

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">The richness and complexity of layered meanings hidden inside Scott Joplin's opera, </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">Treemonisha</span><span style="font-size: 7.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; vertical-align: 4.000000pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">leaves one wondering. Is it an exception in his opus? Or did he weave a similarly thick web of symbols in other pieces as well? </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">It is known that </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">The Crush Collision March </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">and </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">Wall Street Rag </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">bear headings pointing to the specific events described—a deliberate train collision organized in September 1896 and the moods unleashed by the October 1907 stock market panic. Also, </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">The Cascades </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">makes reference to actual cascades built for the 1904 St. Louis World Exposition and shown on the original cover. Such facts suggest a consistent approach on Joplin’s part. If so, more evidence might exist. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">Actually, this writer detected descriptive elements in </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">Solace </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">and </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">Country Club</span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">; their decipherment was delivered in a video-recorded presentation</span><span style="font-size: 7.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; vertical-align: 4.000000pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">but not yet committed to paper. The logical next step was, tackling the daunting task of systematically decoding all of Joplin’s titles and covers to go beyond isolated cases and seek evidence of a recurring approach. This research yielded a rich harvest. Its crux, although cumbersome, will ultimately require a comprehensive exposition, as it calls for a unified discussion. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">However, </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro'; font-style: italic;">Magnetic Rag </span><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'ACaslonPro';">has a somewhat separate story, that calls for a separate treatment. Readers are thus invited to take this essay as a first morsel of a bigger—and hopefully tempting—musicological banquet. </span></p></div></div></div>

The DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial for genomic integrity. BRIT1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene C terminus-repeat inhibitor of human telomerase repeat transcriptase expression), a tumor suppressor and early DDR factor, is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by phosphorylated H2A histone family, member X (γ-H2AX), where it promotes chromatin relaxation by recruiting the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI–SNF) chromatin remodeler to facilitate DDR. However, regulation of BRIT1 recruitment is not fully understood. The baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR)-containing ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP). Here, we report a non-IAP function of BRUCE in the regulation of the BRIT1–SWI–SNF DSB-response pathway and genomic stability. We demonstrate that BRIT1 is K63 ubiquitinated in unstimulated cells and that deubiquitination of BRIT1 is a prerequisite for its recruitment to DSB sites by γ-H2AX. We show mechanistically that BRUCE acts as a scaffold, bridging the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) and BRIT1 in a complex to coordinate USP8-catalyzed deubiquitination of BRIT1. Loss of BRUCE or USP8 impairs BRIT1 deubiquitination, BRIT1 binding with γ-H2AX, the formation of BRIT1 DNA damage foci, and chromatin relaxation. Moreover, BRUCE-depleted cells display reduced homologous recombination repair, and BRUCE-mutant mice exhibit repair defects and genomic instability. These findings identify BRUCE and USP8 as two hitherto uncharacterized critical DDR regulators and uncover a deubiquitination regulation of BRIT1 assembly at damaged chromatin for efficient DDR and genomic stability.

Pltaya is a member of the family Caztacaae and the genus Hylocerus which has several species producing edible fruits. A procedure for micropropagation of pitaya using thidiazuron is described. Explants were excised from young joints of mature plants, and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 0.5 uM Thidiazuron (TDZ), and 3.5 uM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) Produced shoots were cut longitudinally into three explants or decapitated and cultured on MS supplemented with 0.01, 0.09, 0.5, or 0.9 uM TDZ with 0.5 uM NAA. Decapitated expiants produced shoots with higher frequency and number of shoots was higher than 1/3 explants. Shoots produced from decapitated explants were longer, thicker and vigorous, compared to shoots developed from 1/3 explants. Most shoots developed from, the distal part in both explants and produced several lateral shoots from axillary buds. Shoots were rooted in MS then transferred to soil and produced normal plants.

Abyssal polychaetes are usually difficult to be identified because they are small, their body patterns differ from their shallow water relatives, their delicate bodies are often damaged during sampling and sieving, and their taxonomy is in need of revision. Members of the family Fauveliopsidae Hartman, 1971 are widespread in deep ocean basins and they follow the above statements. In this contribution, we present a revision of all available type and non-type material for the family. Our objective is to provide keys to identify genera and species, as well as standardized diagnoses, and illustrations for most species, excluding those described since 2011, or where type material was not available. One genus, Riseriopsis n. gen., is proposed and four species are newly described. The Fauveliopsidae now includes 24 species in three genera: Fauveliopsis McIntosh, 1922 (13 species), Laubieriopsis Petersen, 2000 (8 species), and Riseriopsis n. gen. (3 species). Fauveliopsis includes species usually living inside gastropod or scaphopod shells or foraminiferan tubes, Laubieriopsis and Riseriopsis include species commonly regarded as free living, although some species of the latter have very long bodies and have been found inside soft tubes. Fauveliopsis includes: F. adriatica Katzmann & Laubier, 1974, F. armata Fauchald & Hancock, 1981, F. brattegardi Fauchald, 1972a, F. brevipodus Hartman, 1971, F. challengeriae McIntosh, 1922, F. glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960), F. jameoaquensis Núñez in Núñez, Ocaña & Brito, 1997, F. levensteinae n. sp., F. magalhaesi n. sp., F. magna Fauchald & Hancock, 1981, F. olgae Hartmann-Schröder, 1983, F. rugosa Fauchald, 1972b, and F. scabra Hartman & Fauchald, 1971. Laubieriopsis includes: L. arenicola (Riser, 1987), L. blakei n. sp., L. brevis (Hartman, 1965), L. cabiochi (Amoureux, 1982), L. fauchaldi (Katzmann & Laubier, 1974) n. comb., L. hartmanae (Levenstein, 1970) reinst., L. norvegica Zhadan & Atroshchenko, 2012, and L. petersenae Magalhães, Bailey-Brock & Rizzo, 2014. Riseriopsis includes: R. arabica (Hartman, 1976) n. comb., R. confusa (Thiel, Purschke & Böggemann, 2011) n. comb., and R. santosae n. sp. Keywords. Deep-sea species, taxonomy, genital papillae, genera, species Introduction The family-group name Fauveliopsidae was established by Hartman (1971) and derived from Fauveliopsis McIntosh, 1922. The genus-group name was dedicated to Pierre Fauvel, famous French polychaetologist, and the type species, F. challengeriae McIntosh, 1922, was described based on specimens collected during the HMS Challenger expedition. The phylogenetic affinities of fauveliopsids are unsettled in part due to the fact that only a few species have been included in past analyses; after the analysis of morphological and molecular characters (Zrzavý et al. 2009, figure 6), Fauveliopsidae groups with Cossuridae and Paraonidae, as a sister group to what has been regarded as Cirratuliformia (Cirratulidae, Acrocirridae, Flabelligeridae). This family includes benthic species that are rarely abundant, and they tend to prefer silty bottoms. Most species have been described from deep-sea locations including trenchs (Menzies & George 1967); however, a few shallow water species were described from the Canary Islands (5 m), New Zealand (20 m), and the Adriatic Sea (60 m). Members of the family are free living or find shelter in tubes of cemented silt grains (Blake & Petersen 2000, Petersen 2000); they can also be found inside scaphopod, or gastropod mollusk shells, or inside tubular foraminiferans (Bathysiphon Sars, 1872). It should be noted, however, that typical Bathysiphon tests include sponge spicules, and that Psammosiphonella Avnimelech, 1952 was proposed for those agglutinated foraminiferans whose tests do not include sponge spicules; this latter genus has been regarded as distinct (Rögl 1995; Kaminski 2004; Kaminski et al. 2009). This is relevant because at least in some cases, as we show below, fauveliopsid tubes have a complex organization, such that other interpretations might be involved. Another interesting issue is that Małecki (1973) regarded these foraminiferan tests (Bathysiphon and Psammosiphonella) as polychaete tubes, because they lack the characteristic basal embryonic chamber, proloculus, which define foraminiferans. This idea was not followed and the above genera are still regarded as foraminiferans (Kaminski 2004). Fauveliopsid bodies are subcylindrical, wider medially, or club-shaped; in the latter, the anterior region is the narrower one. Parapodia are displaced dorsally with notopodia being clearly dorsolateral, whereas neuropodia are lateral and chaetae are directed anteriorly, usually along anterior region, and it is related to free living species. The combination of a usually posterior wider region and the parapodial disposition, together with the presence of some anal papillae has made it difficult to assess body polarity and for some descriptions the body ends were incorrectly characterized (Laubier 1972:698; Hartman 1976:236, Fig. 12a). There are four morphological traits of typical polychaete body patterns that can explain this difficulty: 1) anterior region is wider than the rest of the body; 2) segments are less clear cut anteriorly; 3) chaetal bundles are displaced to the anterior border of each chaetiger, being displaced to the median region and eventually towards the posterior region in median to posterior chaetigers; and 4) chaetae are directed anteriorly in a few anterior chaetigers, and towards the posterior region in the rest of the body. Surprisingly, these patterns are reversed among fauveliopsids because many have evolved to live within tubes, bending their bodies obliquely or ventrally, and by directing their chaetal bundles anteriorly (originally noticed by McIntosh 1922:6). These modifications could provide better anchoring for chaetae and parapodia. Inside gastropod shells, there are different conditions for what lies dorsally or ventrally; this might have selected for body modifications. For example, parapodia become dorsally displaced and this would enlarge ventral and lateral surface areas to be in close contact with the shell. Katzmann & Laubier (1974:10, Fig. 3C) showed that in some fauveliopsids the narrower region is exposed through the shell aperture. Blake & Petersen (2000) clarified the body end confusion, standardized concepts about morphological features, and redescribed some species. However, earlier descriptions deserve re-evaluation because of a potential confusion of body ends. Riser (1987) provided some histological details and indicated that stomach contents consisted of foraminiferans and silt, whereas Purschke (1997) made SEM illustrations of nuchal organs. Hartman (1971:1411) proposed Fauveliopsidae to include four genera that she regarded as flabelligerid-like: Bruunilla Hartman, 1971, Fauveliopsis, Flabelligella Hartman, 1965, and Flota Hartman, 1967. In a subsequent publication, Hartman (1974:199, 235) apparently changed her perspective and transferred Fauveliopsis to the Flabelligeridae; however, in a posthumous publication (Hartman 1978:175) she used the family as originally proposed. The composition of the Fauveliopsidae has been modified over the years, with Orensanz (1974) transferring Flabelligella to Acrocirridae, Pettibone (1979) indicating that Bruunilla belongs in Polynoidae, and Buzhinskaja (1996) proposing an independent family for Flota. For the latter genus group name, Salazar-Vallejo & Zhadan (2007) regarded it as a junior synonym of Buskiella McIntosh, 1885. The family was thus restricted to Fauveliopsis but it now also includes Laubieriopsis Petersen, 2000 and Riseriopsis n. gen. Three major publications have addressed identification problems in Fauveliopsis. Katzmann & Laubier (1974) prepared a key to species based upon the number of chaetigers, integument features and type of chaetae throughout body. Amoureux (1982) compiled the known species and pointed out their number of chaetigers. Hartmann-Schröder (1983) had a different approach and relied more on chaetal patterns than on number of chaetigers. Because body ends were confused in some of the original descriptions, the species deserve reinterpretation. In order to standardize the morphological features, the diagnoses below combine these approaches and additional observations based upon specimens with some remarks about the match between previous descriptions and these standardized diagnoses, as made elsewhere for tropical American species (Salazar-Vallejo 2009). In this contribution, we have dealt with all material available of fauveliopsid genera and species. We propose a new genus, Riseriopsis n. gen., to include two species of Fauveliopsis provided with long, posteriorly swollen bodies, with long segments along median region, and two known species are newly combined. Further, four species are newly described, and another one, Laubieriopsis hartmanae (Levenstein, 1970), is redescribed and reinstated.

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (PF) is an annual herbal medicinal, aromatic, functional food, and ornamental plant that belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The origin of perilla traces back to East Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and India), where it has been used as a valuable source of culinary and traditional medicinal uses. The leaves, seeds, and stems of P. frutescens are used for various therapeutic applications in folk medicine. In the absence of a comprehensive review regarding all aspects of perilla, this review aims to present an overview pertaining to the botanical drug, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activity. It was found that the taxonomic classification of perilla species is quite confused, and the number of species is vague. Perilla has traditionally been prescribed to treat depression-related disease, anxiety, asthma, chest stuffiness, vomiting, coughs, colds, flus, phlegm, tumors, allergies, intoxication, fever, headache, stuffy nose, constipation, abdominal pain, and indigestion, and acts as an analgesic, anti-abortive agent, and a sedative. Until now, 271 natural molecules have been identified in perilla organs including phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, triterpenes, carotenoids, phytosterols, fatty acids, tocopherols, and policosanols. In addition to solvent extracts, these individual compounds (rosmarinic acid, perillaldehyde, luteolin, apigenin, tormentic acid, and isoegomaketone) have attracted researchers’ interest for its pharmacological properties. Perilla showed various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotection effects. Although the results are promising in preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo), clinical studies are insufficient; therefore, further study needs to be done to validate its therapeutic effects and to ensure its safety and efficacy.

Thermogenic brown and brite adipocytes convert chemical energy from nutrients into heat. Therapeutics that regulate brown adipocyte recruitment and activity represent interesting strategies to control fat mass such as in obesity or cachexia. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family plays key roles in the maintenance of adipose tissue and in the regulation of thermogenic activity. Activation of these receptors induce browning of white adipocyte. The purpose of this work was to characterize the role of carnosic acid (CA), a compound used in traditional medicine, in the control of brown/brite adipocyte formation and function. We used human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells differentiated into white or brite adipocytes. The expression of key marker genes was determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. We show here that CA inhibits the browning of white adipocytes and favors decreased gene expression of thermogenic markers. CA treatment does not affect β-adrenergic response. Importantly, the effects of CA are fully reversible. We used transactivation assays to show that CA has a PPARα/γ antagonistic action. Our data pinpoint CA as a drug able to control PPAR activity through an antagonistic effect. These observations shed some light on the development of natural PPAR antagonists and their potential effects on thermogenic response.

Aldur W. Eriksson, the noted twin scholar and human geneticist, passed away on Friday, April 3, 2015, at the age of 88. He had a full, highly productive and accomplished life. He is survived by his wife Maj-Britt and their son Staffan and his family. His death leaves a void, not only among relatives and friends, but among the many who had known him and in the scientific community, particularly that of twin researchers worldwide.

The logarithmic coefficients play an important role for different estimates in the theory of univalent functions. Due to the significance of the recent studies about the logarithmic coefficients, the problem of obtaining the sharp bounds for the modulus of these coefficients has received attention. In this research, we obtain sharp bounds of the inequality involving the logarithmic coefficients for the functions of the well-known class G and investigate a majorization problem for the functions belonging to this family. To prove our main results, we use the Briot–Bouquet differential subordination obtained by J.A. Antonino and S.S. Miller and the result of T.J. Suffridge connected to the Alexander integral. Combining these results, we give sharp inequalities for two types of sums involving the modules of the logarithmical coefficients of the functions of the class G indicating also the extremal function. In addition, we prove an inequality for the modulus of the derivative of two majorized functions of the class G, followed by an application.

O uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de doenças está associado à medicina popular de diferentes partes do mundo. A cavalinha, pertencente à família Equisetaceae, é amplamente distribuída na região sul do Brasil. Possui propriedades medicinais, tais como diurética, hemostática, anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante, dentre outros princípios ativos intrínsecos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a obtenção de extratos brutos da planta Equisetum hyemale por uso de dois métodos extrativos diferentes, a caracterização dos extratos por meio de suas propriedades e potencialidades medicinais e avaliação do efeito da temperatura em ambos os extratos. Os resultados permitiram a comparação de ambos os métodos extrativos, por influência térmica (Soxhlet) e influência química (Maceração), utilizando técnicas como espectroscopia no Uv-visível e na região do Infravermelho, que permitiram a quantificação de clorofila e da atividade antioxidante. O cultivo celular em monocamadas como modelo biológico permitiu avaliar a citotoxicidade dos extratos brutos. Tendo em vista a carência de pesquisas científicas sobre o mecanismo de extração de ativos de origem vegetal, este trabalho contribui para a área de produtos naturais, os quais são utilizados para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.Palavras-chave: Extração. Caracterização. Cavalinha.ABSTRACTThe use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases is associated with folk medicine from different parts of the world. The “cavalinha”, belonging to the family Equisetaceae, is widely distributed in southern Brazil. It has medicinal properties such as diuretic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, healing, among other intrinsic active ingredients. The objective of the present work was to obtain crude extracts from the Equisetum hyemale plant by using two different extractive methods, the characterization of the extracts by their medicinal properties and potentialities and the evaluation of the temperature effect on both extracts. The results allowed the comparison of both extractive methods, by thermal influence (Soxhlet) and chemical influence (Maceration), using techniques such as UV-visible and Infrared spectroscopy, which allowed the quantification of chlorophyll and antioxidant activity. Cell culture in monolayers as a biological model allowed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of crude extracts. Given the lack of scientific research on the mechanism of extraction of plant-based assets, this work contributes to the area of natural products, which are used to improve the quality of life.Keywords: Extraction. Characterization. Cavalinha.

Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Brit. & Rose is a multipurpose deciduous thornless shrub or small tree that belongs to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Mimosoideae. This study aimed to explore A. angustissima, a leguminous shrub with medicinal, ecological and industrial potential. A mixed-method approach, which included consolidating quantitative and qualitative research, was utilized to put together the review with the main focus being on sub-Saharan Africa. However, case studies and literature from South Africa were also utilized. A. angustissima is a good source of phenolic compounds. It is used to relieve painful toothache, rheumatism, skin lesions, bloody diarrhea and mucoid diarrhea. It also displays a mild antimicrobial effect and has the ability to inhibit growth in malignant tumors. The study acknowledged Acaciella angustissima as an important agroforestry tree species that improve the quality of life of resource-poor farmers, reducing poverty and promoting sustainability of the natural resources base and economic growth

Depot specific expansion of orbital-adipose-tissue (OAT) in Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is associated with lipid metabolism signaling defects. We hypothesize that the unique adipocyte biology of OAT facilitates its expansion in GO. A comprehensive comparison of OAT and white-adipose-tissue (WAT) was performed by light/electron-microscopy, lipidomic and transcriptional analysis using ex vivo WAT, healthy OAT (OAT-H) and OAT from GO (OAT-GO). OAT-H/OAT-GO have a single lipid-vacuole and low mitochondrial number. Lower lipolytic activity and smaller adipocytes of OAT-H/OAT-GO, accompanied by similar essential linoleic fatty acid (FA) and (low) FA synthesis to WAT, revealed a hyperplastic OAT expansion through external FA-uptake via abundant SLC27A6 (FA-transporter) expression. Mitochondrial dysfunction of OAT in GO was apparent, as evidenced by the increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitofusin-2 (MFN2) in OAT-GO compared to OAT-H. Transcriptional profiles of OAT-H revealed high expression of Iroquois homeobox-family (IRX-3&5), and low expression in HOX-family/TBX5 (essential for WAT/BAT (brown-adipose-tissue)/BRITE (BRown-in-whITE) development). We demonstrated unique features of OAT not presented in either WAT or BAT/BRITE. This study reveals that the pathologically enhanced FA-uptake driven hyperplastic expansion of OAT in GO is associated with a depot specific mechanism (the SLC27A6 FA-transporter) and mitochondrial dysfunction. We uncovered that OAT functions as a distinctive fat depot, providing novel insights into adipocyte biology and the pathological development of OAT expansion in GO.

Perusahaan keluarga merupakan salah satu penyumbang produk domestik bruto (PDB) terbesar di Indonesia. Universitas Ciputra memfasilitasi mahasiswa calon penerus perusahaan keluarga dengan membuat guild family business. Rencana suksesi dan komunikasi merupakan hal yang penting bagi perusahaan keluarga. Perusahaan keluarga harus mendidik suksesor yang potensial agar rencana suksesi dapat berlajan dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh tingkat kesiapan suksesor terhadap kinerja perusahaan keluarga; menguji pengaruh hubungan antar anggota keluarga dan bisnis terhadap kinerja perusahaan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Family Business Community Universitas Ciputra dengan jumlah sampel yang berjumlah 93 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive random sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Tingkat Kesiapan Suksesor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Keluarga; dan variabel Hubungan Antar Anggota Keluarga dan Bisnis berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Keluarga.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Historicamente, nem sempre acad&ecirc;micos estiveram pr&oacute;ximos e souberam entender as necessidades dos&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">administradores. Por sua vez, nem sempre os administradores reconheceram ou utilizaram o conhecimento produzido nas escolas de neg&oacute;cios pelos acad&ecirc;micos. O artigo mostra como essa dist&acirc;ncia foi provocada pela incapacidade da &aacute;rea de gest&atilde;o, sobretudo na tradi&ccedil;&atilde;o anglo-americana, para conciliar relev&acirc;ncia pr&aacute;tica com rigor acad&ecirc;mico, bem como de conceber um modelo h&iacute;brido.</span></p>

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Development of the region by Minapolitan approach as a fisheries development concept cannot be applied partially but should be holistic developed by developing all the availability in cities to the rural areas. This study aims to understand the structure and pattern of regional economic growth and to find out the potency and competitiveness of the area as a priority for fisheries development center in Gorontalo Province. This study uses Klassen and Shift-Share (S-S) typology analysis. Area that has the better economic structure is Pohuwato Regency. This region has Gross Regional Domestic Bruto (GRDB) per capita above the provincial value, however economic development still below the provincial level (high income but low growth) or categorized as developed region but stressed category. Boalemo Regency, Pohuwato Regency and Bone Bolango Regency have almost equal fishery development value, which are 18.6%, 16.2% and 12.7% respectively. Gorontalo Regency grow only as large as 7.4 %. This is inseparable from the production of fishery sub-sector in Gorontalo Regency that only share 8% to the fisheries production.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Development of the region by Minapolitan approach as a fisheries development concept cannot be applied partially but should be holistic developed by developing all the availability in cities to the rural areas. This study aims to understand the structure and pattern of regional economic growth and to find out the potency and competitiveness of the area as a priority for fisheries development center in Gorontalo Province. This study uses Klassen and Shift-Share (S-S) typology analysis. Area that has the better economic structure is Pohuwato Regency. This region has Gross Regional Domestic Bruto (GRDB) per capita above the provincial value, however economic development still below the provincial level (high income but low growth) or categorized as developed region but stressed category. Boalemo Regency, Pohuwato Regency and Bone Bolango Regency have almost equal fishery development value, which are 18.6%, 16.2% and 12.7% respectively. Gorontalo Regency grow only as large as 7.4 %. This is inseparable from the production of fishery sub-sector in Gorontalo Regency that only share 8% to the fisheries production.</span>

Este trabalho concentra-se na tradução de poemas infantis em língua inglesa, examinando, em particular, as denominadas nursery rhymes, componentes do cancioneiro popular na cultura do Reino Unido. Serão considerados aspectos formais e históricos dessa categoria poética e apresentadas sugestões de tradução para alguns poemas, com base nos conceitos de correspondência formal e correspondência funcional, elaborados por Paulo Henriques Britto, como aplicados ao processo tradutório (ademais de seu emprego na crítica de tradução poética).Foram selecionados para tradução e exemplificação das discussões três poemas de temáticas diversas, extraídos das coletâneas organizadas por Peter e Iona Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (1952/1997) e A Family Book of Nursery Rhymes (1964).

Abstrak Filosofis nafkah yang semulanya menjadi kewajiban suami memberi nafkah kepada istri, anak-anak, dan kerabat menjadi terbalik ketika pandemi covid-19 melanda masyarakat Indonesia. Alquran surah Albaqarah ayat 233 dan KHI dalam hal yang sama membebankan nafkah kepada suami tetapi karena situasi ekonomi yang semakin semerawut dan resesi mengakibatkan produk domestik bruto menurun. Artinya ada banyak suami-suami kehilangan pekerjaan akibat wabah ini. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah yuridis-sosiologis. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: bahwa dalam Albaqarah mewajibkan seorang suami memberikan nafkah kepada istri tetapi konteks lain, seorang istri atau anggota keluarga lain dapat berperan dalam menjaga ketahanan keluarga di masa pandemi ketahanan pandemi covid-19. Kemudian, Pasal 83 KHI menjelaskan seorang istri hanya berkewajiban utama berbakti lahir dan batin, makna berbakti boleh saja diinterpretasikan sebagai bentuk pembantuan atau meringankan sebagian tugas suami dalam hal nafkah ketika seorang istri dalam kategori mampu dan tidak ada unsur pemaksaan. Abstract The philosophy of living, which was originally the husband's obligation to provide for his wife, children, and relatives, was reversed when the Covid-19 pandemic hit the people of Indonesia. Albaqarah verse 233 and KHI (Compilation of Islamic Law) are imposes a living burden on the husband, but due to the increasingly chaotic economic situation and recession, the gross domestic product decreases. This means that many husbands have lost their jobs due to this epidemic. The methodology used is juridical-sociological. The results: Albaqarah requires a husband to provide a living, but in another context, a wife or other family members can. Then, the KHI explains that a wife has only the main obligation to serve physically and mentally, the meaning of filial piety may be interpreted as a form of assistance or easing some of the husband's duties in terms of living.

AbstractThis article discusses a not well-known funerary monument commemorating a centurion of British descent. IGLS 13.1.9188 records the centurion, T. Quintius Petrullus, ‘from Britain’, of the Third Cyrenaican Legion, who died aged 30 at Bostra in Arabia. This was a young age for a centurion and the article suggests that he had entered the army by a direct commission rather than risen through the ranks. Accordingly, he is likely to have belonged to a high-status family. The Bostra appointment was probably his first. The appointment is put into context alongside other similar equestrian career paths and the Jewish War during the reign of Hadrian is proposed as a possible occasion for the posting. In addition, the article examines this Briton alongside other Britons abroad.

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p>A <em>Nephrolepis pectinata </em>conhecida popularmente como samambaia paulista, escadinha-do-céu, rabo-de-gato, pertence à família das Davalliaceae. Pela beleza dos arranjos de suas folhas as samambaias são bastante comercializadas no Brasil, no entanto, ainda não foram descritos na literatura estudos sobre seu potencial farmacológico. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as propriedades fitoquímicas do extrato bruto das folhas de <em>Nephrolepis pectinata. </em>Para realização das análises fitoquímicas foram realizados inicialmente a coleta do vegetal, preparação da exsicata, lavagem, secagem e trituração. Em seguida, a extração pelo método de percolação e por final as análises fitoquímicas. Os resultados preliminares fitoquímicos do extrato bruto das folhas de <em>Nephrolepis pectinata </em>apresentaram resultado positivo para açúcares redutores, fenóis/taninos (taninos catéquinos) e catequinas.</p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif] -->

Brown fat is a specialized heater organ in eutherian mammals. In contrast to the energy storage function of white adipocytes, brown adipocytes dissipate nutrient energy by uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which depends on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). UCP1, as well as UCP2 and UCP3, belong to the family of mitochondrial carriers inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane for metabolite trafficking between the matrix and the intermembrane space. UCP1 transports protons into the mitochondrial matrix when activated by a rise in free fatty acid levels in the cell. This UCP1-dependant proton leak drives high oxygen consumption rates in the absence of ATP synthesis and dissipates proton motive force as heat. The enormous heating capacity of brown fat is supported by dense vascularization, high rates of tissue perfusion, and high mitochondrial density in brown adipocytes. It has been known for more than 50 years that nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat serves to maintain body temperature of neonates and small mammals in cold environments, and is used by hibernators for arousal from torpor. It has been speculated that the development of brown fat as a new source for nonshivering thermogenesis provided mammals with a unique advantage for survival in the cold. Indeed brown fat and UCP1 is found in ancient groups of mammals, like the afrotherians and marsupials. In the latter, however, the thermogenic function of UCP1 and brown fat has not been demonstrated as of yet. Notably, orthologs of all three mammalian UCP genes are also present in the genomes of bony fishes and in amphibians. Molecular phylogeny reveals a striking increase in the substitution rate of UCP1 between marsupial and eutherian lineages. At present, it seems that UCP1 only gained thermogenic function in brown adipocytes of eutherian mammals, whereas the function of UCP1 and that of the other UCPs in ectotherms remains to be identified. Evolution of thermogenic function required expression of UCP1 in a brown-adipocyte-like cell equipped with high mitochondrial density embedded in a well-vascularized tissue. Brown-adipocyte-like cells in white adipose tissue, called “brite” (brown-in-white) or “beige” adipocytes, emerge during adipogenesis and in response to cold exposure in anatomically distinct adipose tissue depots of juvenile and adult rodents. These brite adipocytes may resemble the archetypical brown adipocyte in vertebrate evolution. It is therefore of interest to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of brite adipocyte differentiation, study the bioenergetic properties of these cells, and search for the presence of related brown-adipocyte-like cells in nonmammalian vertebrates.

The small family of ocean sunfishes has a long and complicated taxonomic and nomenclatorial history dating back several centuries. Most recently, Britz (2022) questioned the validity of Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1839) as the valid name for Mola sp. A sensu Yoshita et al. (2009). Specifically, he questioned the authenticity of the purported Orthragoriscus alexandrini holotype rediscovered by Sawai et al. (2018) due to uncertainties regarding the original units of measurement, along with discrepancies between the original illustration and the purported holotype. He also questioned the reliability of the illustration to reflect the fresh morphology, and the adequacy of the species description (sans illustration and holotype) to link it to any of the currently recognized Mola species. In summary, Britz (2022) opined that M. alexandrini is a species inquirenda. Here we respond to Britz’s concerns with the findings from an additional literature review. Firstly, the original species description appears to give measurements in ‘Parisian units’, yielding a discrepancy in length with the purported holotype within human error. However, due to various uncertainties, length does not appear to be a robust piece of evidence to neither confirm nor refute the specimen’s authenticity. Secondly, the morphological differences between the original illustration and the purported holotype were found to be within the expected level of accuracy for Mola illustrations at the time, by both Ranzani and others. Thirdly, a contemporaneous publication describes how Ranzani himself bought the specimen which became the Or. alexandrini holotype, suggesting he would likely have seen it in its fresh state, rendering it unlikely he would have produced a species description and illustration incongruent with this. Fourthly, re-examining the original species description suggests this provides adequate and sufficient information to link Or. alexandrini to Mola sp. A, even in the absence of a holotype. Finally, during this review, we came upon an even older paper describing Or. alexandrini, and we conclude that the currently valid name for Mola sp. A sensu Yoshita et al. (2009) is Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1834).

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">O mercado de videogames está em constante inovação, sendo divido em gerações. Assim, o objetivo geral do trabalho é verificar o impacto do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">per capita</em> sobre a evolução das vendas da sétima geração de consoles de mesa nas principais regiões consumidoras dessa indústria, no período de 2006 a 2011. A fim de verificar a influência do PIB per capita sobre a evolução desses mercados, foi utilizada uma adaptação do modelo de regressão aplicado por Alvarez, Fávero e Luppe (2007). O console da Nintendo pode ser considerado o “vencedor” dessa geração no período estudado, fato consequente da estratégia adotada pela empresa para essa geração. Os resultados do modelo demonstram uma satisfatória significância estatística dos coeficientes nas regressões realizadas e um alto poder de ajuste, verificando que o PIB <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">per capita</em> tem impacto nas vendas dos consoles da sétima geração de videogames em seus principais mercados.</span>

Myracrodruon urundeuva is a tree species of the family Anacardiaceae, native from the northeast, southeast and midewest regions of Brazil, locally known as aroeira. Because of its long history of predatory exploitation, this species is has been lately classified as vulnerable to extinction. The present work had as objective to evaluate the genetic diversity of potential mother trees of M. urundeuva using ISSR molecular markers in order to subsidize the collection of seeds with large genetic diversity. The selected trees are located in the forest reserve of Brita Guia, in the municipality of Cuiabá – MT, Brazil. Of the 20 ISSR primers tested, seven were selected to characterize genetic variability. The total amplified fragments were 116, with a percentage of 99.15% polymorphism. The individuals presented Nei's genetic diversity (He) of 0.2706 and Shannon's diversity index (I) of 0.4226. The UPGMA grouping method revealed the existence of two large groups among the individuals, which could be considered to perform seed collection among divergent genotypes.

In the words of Winston Churchill, “When you're going through hell, keep going.” Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) note several traits (e.g., individual resources), environmental factors (e.g., unit, family, and community resources), and processes (e.g., seeking help from others) that help individuals to “keep going” in the face of adversity. I would argue that the third category, which I would suggest be expanded to practices, is the most important going forward. Unfortunately, psychologists often tend to focus the most effort on the first two: traits and environmental factors, which often leave individuals feeling helpless because both are largely outside of their control. In the face of adversity, people instead want to know, “What can I do to keep going?” This is not to say that traits or environmental factors are not important. They are. However, the most powerful work in resilience will promote personal agency (Bandura, 2001) and confidence in one's ability to develop resilience (e.g., a growth mindset; Dweck, 2006).

Straipsnyje analizuojamas vienas garsiausių XIX–XX a. sandūros britų idealistinės metafizikos pavyzdžių – Johno McTaggarto argumentas, neigiantis savarankišką laiko egzistavimą. Teigiama, kad, priimdami McTaggarto įvestą A sekos ir B sekos skirtį, susilaikyti nuo jo siūlomos išvados galime tik neigdami B sekos nepakankamumą kismui paaiškinti arba A sekos implicitišką prieštaringumą. Kaip būdingiausias tokios strategijos atvejis čia tiriama Hugh’o Melloro kritika. McTaggarto ir Melloro polemikoje paaiškėja, kad jei pasaulį laikytume faktų (o ne daiktų) visuma, tai tokiame pasaulyje tikras kismas nebūtų įmanomas ir McTaggartas būtų teisus. Tačiau jei tuos faktus nulemiančių daiktų tikrovę laikysime fundamentalesne, turėsime pripažinti, kad bent kai kurie šių daiktų kinta, ir laiko kaip pagrindinio šio kismo matmens negalima atsisakyti. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: laikas, kismas, metafizika, britų idealizmas.J. McTaggart and H. Mellor on TimeJonas Dagys SummaryThe article analyzes John McTaggart’s argument for unreality of time, a classical piece of fin de sičcle Brittish idealist metaphysics. Having accepted the distinction between A-series and B-series, one can only resist McTaggartian conclusion by denying at least one of the two: that B-series alone is insufficient for change or that A-series implies a contradiction. Hugh Mellor’s criticism is taken to represent this strategy. The lesson to be learnt from this debate is that if the world is conceived as a mere totality of facts no change could be real in such a world, and so McTaggart would right. However, if the reality of things determining those facts is recognized as more fundamental, it would not be denied that at least some of these things undergo genuine temporal change, and time as a dimension of this real change cannot be rejected. Keywords: time, change, metaphysics, British idealism.size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">

Introducción: El cáncer de próstata (CP) el segundo cáncer diagnosticado en hombres, con mayor incidencia a los 66 años. La obesidad, el tabaquismo, alcoholismo y antecedentes familiares de CP se han encontrado asociados al riesgo de metástasis. El objetivo del presente estudio fue medir la asociación entre factores y el estado metastásico en pacientes con CP en un centro único de referencia en Ecuador. Metodología: El presente estudio analítico, se realizó en el Hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, en Guayaquil-Ecuador, en el período enero-diciembre del 2019. El cálculo muestral fue no probabilístico, tipo censo. Se incluyeron casos con CP. Las variables fueron: edad, PSA, escala de Gleason, presencia de metástasis, sintomatología, tabaquismo, obesidad y antecedentes. Se presenta Odds Ratio como medida de asociación con intervalo de confianza del 95% y valor P. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 363 pacientes, con edad promedio de 75.2 ± 9.6 años. El grupo con metástasis fue de 202 casos (55.65%). Metástasis ósea 32.5%, pulmonar 9.6%, ganglionar 8.8% y hepático 4.75%. En la sintomatología la más frecuente fue, disuria (44.4%); el 33.6% con polaquiuria, un 13.2% hematuria y 8.8% tenesmo. El estadio Gleason-9 OR=24.85 (IC 95% 1.47-419.8) P=0.0259. El nivel de PSA >19 ng/ml OR= 6.996 (IC 95% 2.68-18.29) P=0.0001. El tabaquismo OR=2.34 (IC 95% 1.52-3.60) P=0.0001. Fueron factores protectores el valor de PSA <19 ng/ml OR=0.082 (IC 95% 0.043-0.157) P<0.0001, acudir a consulta de Hipertensión arterial OR=0.33 (IC 95% 0.161-0.691) P=0.0032 y el estadío Gleason-6 OR=0.108 (IC 95% 0.0665-9.1736) P<0.0001. Conclusión: Los niveles de PSA >19 ng/ml y el estadio Gleason >9 se asocian a la presencia de metástasis en pacientes con CP. Recibido: Julio 14, 2022 Aceptado: Octubre 27, 2022 Publicado: Diciembre 2, 2022 Editor: Dra. Evelyn Valencia Espinoza. Introducción El cáncer de próstata es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado en hombres alrededor del mundo, con mayor incidencia promedio a los 66 años [1]. En países desarrollados, el cáncer de próstata se diagnostica a edades más tempranas cuando este se confina a la glándula prostática, debido al uso del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) [2]. El antígeno prostático específico es proteína creada por el epitelio prostático, el cual, es específico de órgano, más no de cáncer, debido a que el mismo puede estar elevado en patologías como prostatitis, hiperplasia prostática benigna, entre otras. Sin embargo, es el mejor biomarcador hasta ahora para el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de próstata. Según la American Academy of Family Physicians, se ha determinado que 3 de cada 10 hombres con elevado PSA, tienen un alto riesgo de sufrir de cáncer de próstata que va a depender de la edad y el nivel del PSA que se encuentre. Algunos estudios demuestran que las pruebas de rutina de PSA en hombres entre 55 a 66 años disminuyen la mortalidad por cáncer de próstata, de manera significativa. Sin embargo, la baja especificidad para Cáncer de Próstata de la prueba, hace que la interpretación de ella no sea concluyente [3]. La Escala de Gleason es un sistema de graduación que sirve, una vez establecido el diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata, para medir la agresividad histopatológica de la neoplasia [4]. Está plenamente establecido que la escala de Gleason, de acuerdo a los hallazgos histopatológicos del tumor, nos permite categorizar a los pacientes de una manera más precisa y de esta manera tener una idea clara del pronóstico de dicho paciente. Con estos antecedentes se estableció el objetivo de determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a metástasis en pacientes con cáncer de próstata en un centro de referencia regional en Guayaquil-Ecuador. Materiales y métodos Diseño del estudio El presente estudio es observacional-analítica. La fuente es retrospectiva. Área de estudio El estudio se realizó en el servicio de urología del Hospital de Especialidades “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, en Guayaquil-Ecuador. El período de estudio fue del 1ro de Enero del 2019 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2019. Universo y muestra El universo fue conformado por todos los pacientes registrados en la institución. El cálculo del tamaño muestral fue no probabilístico, tipo censo, en donde se incluyeron todos los casos incidentes en el período de estudio. Participantes Se incluyeron casos de pacientes adultos diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata en quienes se contó con valoración de PSA y la escala de Gleason. Se excluyeron registros incompletos para el análisis. Variables Las variables fueron edad, PSA, escala de Gleason, presencia de metástasis, sintomatología, métodos diagnósticos. Procedimientos, técnicas e instrumentos. Los datos fueron recogidos de la historia clínica en un formulario diseñado exclusivamente para tal propósito. Los diagnósticos de CP se realizaron por punción aspiración por aguja fina (PAAF) guiada por ecografía. Las placas fueron leídas por Patólogos distintos. Se usó el sistema AS400 para la pesquisa de casos usando los diagnósticos codificados: C61. Evitación de sesgos Para garantizar la confiabilidad de la información los investigadores fueron entrenados sobre la recolección de los datos. Se usó una lista de doble chequeo para incluir los casos. Los datos fueron validados y curados por el investigador principal. Análisis estadístico Recopilada la información en una hoja electrónica Excel, se ingresó en una matriz de datos del software SPSS™ 22.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva en base a frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas y para las cuantitativas medidas de tendencia central. Se presenta Odds Ratio como medida de asociación con intervalo de confianza del 95% y valor P. Resultados El estudio incluyó 363 pacientes. Caracterización clínica Fueron 363 pacientes, con edad promedio de 75.2 ± 9.6 años. La edad mínima fue de 49 años, y la máxima de 98 años. Los pacientes con metástasis fueron 202 casos (55.65%). Con respecto al lugar de diseminación metastásica, se encontró mayor predilección a desarrollar metástasis ósea en el 32.5% de los pacientes, seguido de metástasis pulmonar con el 9.6%, metástasis ganglionar con el 8.8% y a nivel hepático 4.75% de los casos. En la sintomatología la más frecuente fue, disuria con el 44.4%; el 33.6% con polaquiuria, un 13.2% hematuria y 8.8% tenesmo. El estudio más frecuente utilizado, fue el eco prostático, con un 42.7%; la tomografía 20.4%), gammagrafía prostática 25.6%, la resonancia magnética con el 11.3%. Factores clínicos El 44.4% de los pacientes padecía alcoholismo, el 27.5% presentaba tabaquismo, el 23.1% eran consumidores de carnes y lácteos; otros hábitos poco frecuentes se relacionaron con el 4.7%; 0.3% no refería ningún hábito de importancia. Dentro de los antecedentes patológicos se evidenció que, 54.5% de los pacientes tenían antecedentes familiares de Cáncer de próstata, 29.2% presentaba obesidad y sobrepeso, en tercer lugar, con 9.9% de los pacientes padecía de hipertensión arterial y entre otros antecedentes asociados tenían un porcentaje del 5.5% (Tabla 1). De la totalidad de los evaluados, el 45.2% tuvieron Gleason 6, mientras que aquellos con valores en la Escala de Gleason de 10, alcanzaban el 1.4%. La medición del riesgo se presenta en la tabla 1. Se constituyeron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de metástasis el tabaquismo, y el estadío clínico Gleason 7, 8 y 9, los valores de PSA en rangos de 19-49 ng/ml, de 50 a 99 ng/ml y 100-299 ng/ml. Se establecieron como factores de protección estadísticamente significativos al antecedente personal de Hiperplasia prostática benigna, a la condición de hipertensión arterial, al estadio clínico Gleason 6, al valor de PSA <19 ng/ml (Tabla 1). Discusión Al comparar el presente estudio con investigaciones previas se constató que la edad constituye un factor de riesgo no modificable para padecer cáncer prostático, según el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer en Estados Unidos, en su programa estadístico de Vigilancia, Epidemiología y Resultados (SEER) entre los años 2015-2019 se encontró una mayor incidencia de casos en los pacientes que tenían entre 70-74 años de edad [5], así también lo describió el trabajo de Leitzmann et al, en los años correspondientes a 2000-2008 donde la incidencia comienza a aumentar desde los 40-44 años de edad para llegar a su pico máximo de 984.8 pacientes por cada 100.000 hombres con edades entre 70-74 años [6], similarmente en este estudio el mínimo de edad fue 49 años en la población con un máximo de 98 y un media de 75.15 respectivamente. En cuanto a la distribución de regiones anatómicas donde se suele presentar la metástasis en el cáncer prostático; en primer lugar se determinó a los huesos (84%) en segundo lugar a nódulos linfáticos distantes (10.6%) y hepático (10.2%) [7] según un estudio conducido por Gandaglia et al. lo cual en similitud a este estudio el sitio más frecuente fue a nivel óseo con un 32.5% de todos los pacientes, seguido de la metástasis pulmonar con 9.6% y ganglionar 8.8%. A su vez Auz y Brito (2018) encontraron en su investigación realizada en el Hospital Solca Núcleo de Quito-Ecuador que incluyó a 1713 pacientes donde el sitio más frecuente de metástasis fue el óseo en un 82.25%, seguido del ganglionar linfático con 7.05% y luego 2.8% a nivel pulmonar [8]. En lo que corresponde a los hábitos de los pacientes, un 44.4% de pacientes en este estudio consumía de alcohol regularmente, mientras que el 27.5% consumía tabaco y el 23.1% eran consumidores de carnes y lácteos, lo cual se contrasta con el estudio de Auz y Brito (2018) detallado anteriormente donde 31.1% de los pacientes consumían alcohol regularmente y el 28.3% de los pacientes consumían tabaco al momento de diagnóstico, no se midieron datos en relación al consumo de lácteos y carnes rojas [8]. Un factor de riesgo no modificable muy importante fue la presencia de antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata en este estudio con un 54.5% de los pacientes lo cual en el trabajo de Auz y Brito (2018) solamente 9% tuvieron antecedentes familiares de cáncer prostático y un 23.2% de otros tipos de cánceres [23]. Según Barber et al. en su estudio se identificó que pacientes con historia familiar de cáncer prostático únicamente, tienen un riesgo aumentado del 68% de padecer lo mismo (95% CI 1.53-1.83) y un 72% de enfermedad letal [9]. Así también lo describió Powell IJ (2011) en su publicación que dice que hombres con relativos de primer grado (Padre, hermano, hijo) tienen un riesgo de desarrollar cáncer prostático que es aproximadamente del doble a la población general [10]. En el presente estudio 29.2% de los pacientes presentaba sobrepeso y 9.9% de los pacientes padecía hipertensión arterial, así mismo en el estudio de Möller et al. se encontró que un IMC alto (26) en comparación a 20-22 a la edad de 21 años fue asociada con riesgo menor de cáncer prostático letal o avanzado y Gleason 7 [11], también se habla sobre que de los componentes del síndrome metabólico incluyendo la hipertensión arterial ninguno tiene relación con el desarrollo de cáncer prostático [10]. Dentro de los síntomas más frecuentes en esta investigación se encontraron la disuria con un 44.4% de todos los pacientes, le siguió la polaquiuria (33.6%) y finalmente la hematuria (13.2%). De manera similar el estudio de Birtle et al. llevado a cabo entre los años 2000-2001 con bases de datos de la Asociación Británica de Cirujano Urológicos determinó que de 33 pacientes con cáncer metastásico de próstata con PSA <10 ng/ml 51% se presentó con síntomas urinarios y/o dolor pélvico, 21% presentó dolor óseo, 18% retención urinaria y 10% caquexia y malasia [12]. En el presente estudio de la totalidad de pacientes, 45.2% de ellos tuvieron puntajes de Gleason de 6 y en menor medida con 1.4% de los pacientes puntajes de Gleason 10, esto se puede comparar con el estudio de Thomsen et al. donde se encontró que altos puntajes en la escala de Gleason se relacionaron a la presencia de metástasis, así en ese estudio los pacientes que presentaron metástasis a distancia según la escala TNM (M1), 41% tenía un puntaje de Gleason 5, mientras que solo el 3% tenía Gleason 1 [13]. El método de imagen más utilizado en este estudio fue el de la ecografía prostática con un 42.7% y en menor medida la resonancia magnética con el 11.3%. En la investigación de Huang et al. se encontró que el uso de la Resonancia Magnética con el sistema PI-RADS v2 fue el sistema más preciso para predecir la metástasis a nódulos linfáticos en la zona pélvica, los pacientes con PI-RADs <5 fueron asociados con un riesgo muy bajo de metástasis ganglionar [14]. La ecografía prostática 3D se demostró un 84% de sensibilidad y 96% de especificidad para identificar extensión tumoral extra capsular macroscópica y fue capaz de identificar a 14/16 diseminaciones a la vesícula seminal según Mitterberger et al. en el año 2008 [15]. Finalmente con respecto a valoraciones de PSA que se presentaron en los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata, se pudo evidenciar, que el 100% de los pacientes con PSA mayor de 500 ng/ml tuvo metástasis, así como el grupo de pacientes con 300-499 ng/ml PSA, a diferencia del grupo con menos de 19 ng/ml PSA donde solo el 40.6% tuvo metástasis, lo cual se puede comparar al estudio de Thomsen et al. donde de los pacientes con más de 400 ng/ml, el 64.9% presentó metástasis, le sigue el grupo con valores de 200-399 ng/ml donde el 54% desarrolló metástasis y al final el grupo con menos de 19 ng/ml tuvo solo al 1.45% de pacientes con metástasis, podemos así deducir que el valor de PSA es directamente proporcional al riesgo de metástasis, sin embargo, recomendamos tomar en cuenta más factores de riesgos de manera conjunta para una evaluación integral del paciente [13]. Conclusiones En orden de importancia estadística los factores asociados a metástasis en cáncer prostático son el estadio clínico Gleason 9 y 8, Los niveles de PSA entre 50 a 299 ng/ml, y el tabaquismo. Fueron factores protectivos el antecedente clínico de Hiperplasia Prostática benigna, hipertensión y el nivel de PSA <19 ng/ml. Nota del Editor La Revista Oncología Ecu permanece neutral con respecto a los reclamos jurisdiccionales en mapas publicados y afiliaciones institucionales. Agradecimientos Los autores agradecen a todas las personas de la Institución que colaboraron en el desarrollo de esta investigación. Información administrativa Abreviaturas APP: antecedentes patológicos personales. APF: Antecedentes patológicos familiares. HPB: hiperplasia prostática benigna. Ca: Cáncer. PSA: Antígeno prostático específico. OR: Odds ratio. IC: intervalo de confianza Archivos Adicionales Ninguno declarado por los autores. Fondos Los autores no recibieron ningún tipo de reconocimiento económico por este trabajo de investigación. Disponibilidad de datos y materiales Existe la disponibilidad de datos bajo solicitud al autor de correspondencia. No se reportan otros materiales. Contribuciones de los autores Emily Gabriela Chimbo Acuña: conceptualización, validación, visualización, metodología, administración de proyecto, escritura: revisión y edición. Karen Gabriela Valverde Zambrano: conceptualización, curación de datos, análisis formal, adquisición de fondos, investigación, recursos, software, redacción - borrador original. Iván Altamirano: conceptualización, curación de datos, análisis formal, adquisición de fondos, investigación, recursos, software. Todos los autores leyeron y aprobaron la versión final del manuscrito. Aprobación del comité de ética No aplica a estudios de bases de datos o historias clínicas. Consentimiento para publicación El presente estudio es un análisis de base de datos, no aplica para este tipo de estudio. Referencias Professionals S-O. EAU Guidelines: Prostate Cancer [Internet]. [citado 20 de octubre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/#note_11 Barry MJ, Nelson JB. Patients Present with More Advanced Prostate Cancer since the USPSTF Screening Recommendations. J Urol. diciembre de 2015;194(6):1534-6. DOI: 1016/j.juro.2015.09.033 PMid: 26384450 Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Flanigan RC, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men. J Urol. mayo de 1994;151(5):1283-90. DOI: 1016/S0022-5347(17)35233-3 PMid: 7512659 Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Lilja H, Zappa M, Denis LJ, Recker F, Berenguer A, Määttänen L, Bangma CH, Aus G, Villers A, Rebillard X, van der Kwast T, Blijenberg BG, Moss SM, de Koning HJ, Auvinen A; ERSPC Investigators. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1320-8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810084. Epub 2009 Mar 18. PMID: 19297566. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute. Fast Stats: An interactive tool for access to SEER cancer statistics. Bethesda, MD: SEER, National Cancer Institute; nd. Available from: www.seer.cancer.gov/faststats. Leitzmann MF, Rohrmann S. Risk factors for the onset of prostatic cancer: age, location, and behavioral correlates. Clin Epidemiol. 5 de enero de 2012;4:1 DOI: 2147/CLEP.S16747 PMid: 22291478 PMCid: PMC3490374 Gandaglia G, Abdollah F, Schiffmann J, Trudeau V, Shariat SF, Kim SP, et al. Distribution of metastatic sites in patients with prostate cancer: A population-based analysis. Prostate. febrero de 2014;74(2):210-6. DOI: 1002/pros.22742. PMid:24132735 Auz Fierro E, Brito Chasiluisa H. Factores relacionados con la supervivencia de pacientes con cancer de prostata en el hospital solca nucleo de quito durante el periodo 2003 - 2018. [Internet]. [Hospital Solca Nucleo de Quito]: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; 2018. Disponible en: 22000 Barber L, Gerke T, Markt SC, Peisch SF, Wilson KM, Ahearn T, et al. Family History of Breast or Prostate Cancer and Prostate Cancer Risk. Clinical Cancer Research. 1 de diciembre de 2018;24(23):5910-7. DOI: 1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0370. PMid: 30082473 PMCid: PMC6279573 Powell IJ. The precise role of ethnicity and family history on aggressive prostate cancer: a review analysis. Arch Esp Urol. 2011 Oct;64(8):711-9. PMID: 22052754; PMCID: PMC3859428. Möller E, Wilson KM, Batista JL, Mucci LA, Bälter K, Giovannucci E. Body size across the life course and prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study: Body size and prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 15 de febrero de 2016;138(4):853-65. DOI: 1002/ijc.29842 PMid: 26355806 PMCid: PMC5042346 Birtle AJ, Freeman A, Masters JRW, Payne HA, Harland SJ, BAUS Section of Oncology Cancer Registry. Clinical features of patients who present with metastatic prostate carcinoma and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels < 10 ng/mL: the «PSA negative» patients. Cancer. 1 de diciembre de 2003;98(11):2362-7. DOI: 1002/cncr.11821 PMid: 14635070 Thomsen FB, Westerberg M, Garmo H, Robinson D, Holmberg L, Ulmert HD, et al. Prediction of metastatic prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen in combination with T stage and Gleason Grade: Nationwide, population-based register study. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0228447. DOI: 1371/journal.pone.0228447 PMid: 31995611 PMCid: PMC6988964 Huang C, Song G, Wang H, Lin Z, Wang H, Ji G, et al. Preoperative PI-RADS Version 2 scores helps improve accuracy of clinical nomograms for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis at radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. marzo de 2020;23(1):116-26 DOI: 1038/s41391-019-0164-z PMid: 31383954 Mitterberger M, Pinggera GM, Pallwein L, Gradl J, Frauscher F, Bartsch G, et al. The value of three-dimensional transrectal ultrasonography in staging prostate cancer. BJU Int. julio de 2007;100(1):47-50. DOI: 1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06845.x PMid: 17433033.

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. var. japonica (Hassk.) Hara (PF), is a medical herb of the Lamiaceae family. We have previously reported that the PF sprout extract (PFSE) is effective in treating hyperglycemia. However, the role of PFSE on glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) proliferation and the extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in a diabetic condition are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the role of PFSE on cell proliferation and ECM accumulation in murine glomerular MCs (MMCs), cultured under a high glucose (HG) condition. PFSE treatment attenuated HG-induced MMCs proliferation and hypertrophy. Moreover, the HG-induced ECM protein, collagen IV and fibronectin, overexpression was abolished by the PFFSE treatment. In addition, PFSE inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and NOX2 and NOX4 expression in MMCs under a HG condition. Our data further revealed the involvement of mesangial cell damage in AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation. PFSE strongly activated AMPK in MMCs under hyperglycemic conditions. These results suggest that PFSE inhibits HG-medicated MC fibrosis through suppressing the activation of NOX2/4 and the AMPK activation mechanism. PFSE may be useful for the prevention or treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) provide a summary of the conceptual confusion surrounding the construct of resilience as well as several key recommendations for spurring future organizational research on resilience. However, we feel that two key points were not adequately addressed in the focal article. First, we argue that we cannot fully understand the concept of resilience or apply it in our field of organizational studies without first understanding its fundamental theoretical groundings. Many of these underlying theoretical foundations on resilience were founded in and advanced through 50+ years of theory and research on family resilience literature; however, many of these perspectives were not addressed in the focal article. In this commentary, we outline and provide contextualized examples of how to apply one of the most widely used and empirically supported theoretical models of resilience—the ABC-X model (Hill, 1958)—to the work domain. Using the ABC-X model as a starting framework, we then highlight several additional theoretical perspectives that can inform research on employee resilience: Masten's (2001) ordinary magic, Antonovsky's (1979) sense of coherence, and Walsh's (2003) focus on strengths.

The demand for private transportation that comfort, cheap, and good quality has been increasing lately. It caused many companies to launch any car that can answer the request. Refer to Indonesia, people that like most to visit each other and traveling created an increasing demand for this type of car. The Indonesian automotive market launch type of car that has a sedan category but has a small shape, it called the city car. City car has answered the demand for many consumers especially for a little family with two or more children who want to have a small vehicle completed with comfort, cheap and excellent quality features so that my research is to proof is there any relation between quality, price and after-sales service according to consumer satisfaction to 5 best seller refer to web otomotif.kompas.com, they are Toyota Agya, Daihatsu Ayla, Honda Brio Satya, Suzuki Wagon R15 dan Datsun GO+. The result of this research is proving that quality, price, and after-sales service has a connection to consumer satisfaction

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0cm;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Este artigo envolve o tema sobre a classificação e qualidade da matéria-prima couro na empresa Gobba Leather Indústria e Comércio Ltda. Os objetivos são analisar o processo interno de classificação e as medições da qualidade como ocorrem na empresa. Justifica-se este escrito pela relevância econômica e social da empresa, no seu ramo de atuação desde 1915, sendo esta empresa fortemente influenciadora do Produto Interno Bruto do município de Nova Esperança do Sul, no Vale do Jaguari - RS, além dos produtos da empresa serem exportados para os cinco continentes do mundo. O problema de pesquisa visa verificar como se procede na classificação da matéria-prima couro e como são os controles de qualidade da empresa? A metodologia adotada apresenta características quali-quantitativa, de abordagem exploratória descritiva. Sendo um levantamento bibliográfico com pesquisa documental e na forma de estudo de caso. Formulou-se um questionário estruturado com respostas nas escalas de sensibilidade e aplicados na população de vinte colaboradores ligados diretamente ao processo operacional. Conclui-se que a empresa trabalha satisfatóriamente em relação à classificação e qualidade da matéria-prima couro. Como aperfeiçoamento sugere-se melhorias na forma parcial de plano de ação, entre elas, sugere-se o uso da ferramenta FMECA (Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis), os conceitos de classificação de Perfetti (2004) e monitoramento das imperfeições no couro de Georgieva <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et. al.</em>(2004), reduzindo às perdas na matéria-prima.</span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

RESUMO O objetivo neste artigo é analisar o crédito no domínio do Pronaf no estado do Piauí (PI), evidenciando sua evolução quanto aos contratos, volume de recursos e condições de créditos acessados entre 2015 e 2020. A metodologia é do tipo exploratória e qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos nos websites do Banco Central do Brasil, Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e literaturas especializadas. Os resultados apontam que: a) o crédito para agricultura familiar é atrativo devido ao juro baixo, prazo e carência favoráveis ao produtor; b) houve ocorrências de secas frequentes e intensas; c) teve aumento do produto interno bruto (PIB) no PI com a oscilação do Pronaf em todo período estudado. Conclui-se que a política de crédito, via Pronaf, é bastante importante para produção de alimentos e o crescimento do PIB no PI. Palavras Chaves: políticas públicas; agricultura familiar e crédito rural. ABSTRACT The objective in this paper is to analyze the credit in the Pronaf domain in the state of Piauí (Brazil), showing its evolution in terms of contracts, volume of resources and credit conditions accessed between 2015 and 2020. The methodology was exploratory and qualitative. Data were obtained from the websites of the Central Bank of Brazil, Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and specialized literature. The results show that: i) credit for family farming is attractive due to the low interest rate, favorable term and grace period for the producer; ii) there were frequent and intense droughts; iii) there was an increase in the gross domestic product in PI with the oscillation of Pronaf throughout the studied period. It is concluded that the credit policy, via Pronaf, is very important for food production and gross domestic product growth in PI. Keywords: public policies; family farming and rural credit

One of the reason couples get married are to start a family and have children. The presence of a child either brings happiness or can lead to a negative impact on the parent‟s relationship. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between co-parenting and communication, together and partially with marital satisfaction among married couples with teenagers. The subjects (N=67) were either husbands or wives who have one or more teenage child. Subject consists of 32,8% husbands and 67,2% wives. The data was collected using the adaptation scale from Cordova (2009), an adaptation scale from PREPARE / Enrich (Olson & Larson, 2008), and an adaptation scale from Kansas Marital Satisfaction (Grable & Britt, 2006). Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between co-parenting and communication together with marital satisfaction (R = 0.63; ρ <0.05). The results of partial correlation between co-parenting and marital satisfaction by controlling communication showed no correlation (r = 0.09; ρ > 0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the partial correlation between communication and marital satisfaction by controlling the co-parenting showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.5; ρ <. 0.05). Based on these results, it could be concluded that co-parenting and communication indicates that there is a strong positive relationship with marital satisfaction among married couples with teenagers.

Abstract Homozygous or compound heterozygous for Pyruvate Kinase (PK) deficiency are classical etiology for chronic non spherocytic hemolytic anemias while heterozygous carriers are free from disease. We report here 2 patients heterozygous for PK deficiency which displayed an unexpected marked chronic anemia. Enzymatic and molecular studies were performed to unravel the mechanism causing this phenotype. The first patient, a 60-year-old woman from Mali presented with Hb 10g/dL, MCV 98fL, and was free from any Hb abnormality. The second one was the first child of a healthy French Caucasian couple, and suffered since birth from a marked hemolytic anemia (Hb 7g/dL). We found that the first patient carried together an Arg569Met/Leu PK-R mutation (Pissard et al. Brit J Haematol, 2006, 133, 683-9) and the rare G6PD Santa Maria mutation (nt c.542 A>T, Asp181Val). The second patient had a PK splice site mutation (IVS4 + 10 G>T) and a new hexokinase mutation [c.1793_c.1836 +7(del 50)] which starts in exon 12 and ends in intron 12. It results in a protein troncated inside the glucose binding site. In this case, family study showed that the PK deficiency was inherited from the father and the HK deficiency from the mother. Enzymatic data are shown in the table. None of these enzymatic defects could alone, in the heterozygous state, be responsible for an hemolytic anemia. To explain why, in these two cases the combination of two defects resulted in a hemolytic disease, we hypothesized that the increase of the intra-erythrocytic 2,3-DPG level resulting from the PK-R deficiency might cause these disorders. It is well known that increase of the 2,3-DPG level dramatically change several properties of the RBCs such as a decrease in oxygen affinity and an inhibition of the G6PD activity (Tomoda A. Brit J Haematol, 1983, 54, 475 – 84). It has been shown that, when associated to a sickle cell trait, PK-R deficiency by increasing 2,3-DPG leads to sickle cell anemia (Cohen.Solal M. et al, Brit J Haematol, 1998, 103, 950-6). We propose that, in these two patients, the global mechanism leading to the disease results from the increased 2,3-DPG which cause a failure in the anti oxidant pathway. In the first case G6PD inhibition occurs along with a mutated enzyme and in the second one inhibition take place in a under supplied pentose phosphate pathway due to the hexokinase deficiency. Together with the diminished ATP supply of the cell, this decreased anti-oxidant activity might cause the hemolysis. Thus in any anemic heterozygous PK deficient patient, another RBC abnormality needs to be searched for. enzymatic data patients Pk activity (5.9–8.1) g6pd activity (5.3–7.9) hexokinase activity (0.74–1.14) 2.3 DPG (11.7–15.3) nd : not determined 1 3.2 UI/g Hb 4.5 UI/g Hb nd 21.2 μM /g Hb 2 6.8 UI /g Hb 9.2 UI /g Hb 0.3 UI / g Hb 36.8 μM /g Hb

Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) provides nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) fueled by the dissipation of energy from macronutrients in brown and brite adipocytes. The availability of thermogenic fuels is facilitated by the uptake of extracellular glucose. This conjunction renders thermogenic adipocytes in brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) a potential target against obesity and glucose intolerance. We employed wild-type (WT) and Ucp1-ablated mice to elucidate this relationship. In three experiments of similar setup, Ucp1-ablated mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) had either reduced or similar body mass gain, food intake, and metabolic efficiency compared with WT mice, challenging the hypothesized role of this protein in the development of diet-induced obesity. Despite the absence of increased body mass, oral glucose tolerance was robustly impaired in Ucp1-ablated mice in response to HFD. Postprandial glucose uptake was attenuated in brown adipose tissue but enhanced in subcutaneous WAT of Ucp1-ablated mice. These differences were explainable by expression of the insulin-responsive member 4 of the facilitated glucose transporter family and fully in line with the capacity for NST in these very tissues. Thus, the postprandial glucose uptake of adipose tissues serves as a surrogate measure for Ucp1-dependent and independent capacity for NST. Collectively, our findings corroborate Ucp1 as a modulator of adipose tissue glucose uptake and systemic glucose homeostasis but challenge its hypothesized causal effect on the development of obesity.

Broto Village is one of the villages in Slahung sub-district, Ponorogo district that has many village assets that have the potential to be developed, especially small snack food processing industries such as processed bananas, corn and family medicine (TOGA). The products of small industries that can be marketed today are sale of bananas, banana chips, corn marning, and various processed herbal medicine TOGA. However, it is very unfortunate that the sales of various processed snacks have not been maximized, due to the lack of marketing strategies both in terms of packaging and in terms of promotion. This is due to the lack of ability of Small and Medium Enterprize (UMKM) actors in terms of branding, packaging, and promotions both offline and online. Departing from the assets of the Small and Medium Enterprize (UMKM) actors who already have this small business, this management seminar and marketing strategy is feasible to carry out. In the implementation of the seminar, the enthusiasm of Small and Medium Enterprize (UMKM) actors was extraordinary. They participated in seminar activities from beginning to end. After the seminar, Small and Medium Enterprize (UMKM) actors also tried to apply the knowledge they had gained, by improving branding, packaging, starting to promote their products through social media and recording sales in the cash book. The results of the evaluation show the ability of Small and Medium Enterprize (UMKM) actors to increase. And, of course, a comprehensive evaluation and ongoing assistance will be needed in the future.

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L., family Asteraceae), an annual herb of neotropic origin, is an invasive noxious weed with a pantropical distribution (1). It is particularly undesirable because of the serious health risks it poses to people living close to infestations (1). In January 1995, S. Neser (ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa) collected a rust fungus on this plant near Brits, Northwest Province, South Africa (25°35′S, 27°46′E). Only uredinia were present. The same rust fungus was collected in the same area in January, March, and June of 2001, and again only uredinia were observed. In its native range, P. hysterophorus is infected by two rust fungus species, Puccinia abrupta Diet. & Holw. var. partheniicola (Jackson) Parmelee and Puccinia melampodii Diet. & Holw., but the latter species is microcyclic with telia only. The morphology of the urediniospores in the South African collections corresponds to Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola (3): obovoid to almost triangular, 22 to 27 × 18 to 25 µm, echinulate, two subequatorial and one apical germ pores, spines absent around germ pores, wall 1 to 2.5 µm thick. The native range of Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola is Mexico and northern South America (3). In addition, it has been recorded from Mauritius (3), Kenya, and India (H. C. Evans and C. A. Ellison, International Institute of Biological Control, CAB, 1987, unpublished data). It was intentionally introduced into Australia for the biological control of P. hysterophorus (2). Thirteen specimens in the Arthur Herbarium were examined, and only two had telia in addition to uredinia. The other 11 had only uredinia, indicating that nonformation of telia is common. Telia and uredinia are produced in high altitude, semiarid areas of Mexico, whereas in low altitude, more humid areas only uredinia are produced (1). The production of telia appears to depend on environmental conditions, and their absence is not unexpected at the Brits site, which is a high altitude (1,120 m) area with high summer rainfall (400 to 600 mm per year from November to February) and dry winters. Voucher specimens were deposited at the National Collection of Fungi, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria (PREM 57298) and the Arthur Herbarium, West Lafayette, IN (PUR N1117). To our knowledge, this is the second report of this rust fungus in Africa and the first in southern Africa. References: (1) H. C. Evans. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88:105, 1987. (2) A. Parker et. al. Plant Pathol. 43:1, 1994. (3) J. A. Parmelee. Can. J. Bot. 45:2267, 1967.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed focus on social connections as fundamental contributors to health across the lifespan. Social connections have been studied in numerous ways (e.g., social network size, daily social interactions, engagement in social activities) and may facilitate health via multiple, dynamic biopsychosocial mechanisms. In line with this year’s theme, we review novel insights from early-career scholars into how “building bridges” with others throughout life may promote mental and cognitive health in later life. Further, we emphasize how bridging disciplines (e.g., social and neurocognitive sciences) is vital to understanding how social environments may “get under the skin” to impact health. Presentations will span multiple social-ecological levels (community, institutional, interpersonal). Beginning at the community/institutional level, Dr. Moored will discuss how the quantity of neighborhood social destinations contributes to GPS measures of community mobility in older adults. Dr. Britt will then describe how religious participation, a specific social institutional activity, is associated with an inflammatory biomarker predictive of cognitive impairments. The remaining talks will then report on daily social experiences. Dr. Ng will highlight links between daily support exchanges and life satisfaction in older adults and how these relationships differ by marital status. Extending to the caregiving context, Dr. Puga will present on how role captivity and daily changes in social isolation contribute to mood symptoms in family caregivers of individuals living with dementia. Our Discussant, Dr. Cudjoe, will provide a critical review in the context of new directions for research on social connections and environments.

The article presents the results of the introduction of the North American flora woody species of the pine family (Pinaceae Lindl.) to the European North of Russia. The research purpose is to select the most valuable specimens for introduction into northern conditions from the tree species collection. The research has involved experimental, calculation, analytical, and comparative methods. The conclusion on the result of the introduction of a particular plant was based on the materials of long-term phenological observations, which were carried out according to the method of botanical gardens improved for the conditions of the European North of Russia. As a result of the introduction of North American species of the Pinaceae Lindl. family to the region, a large-scale test of foreign conifers was carried out for the first time; a collection of 2 species of fir, 4 species and 3 forms of spruce, 2 species of pine, and 1 species of Douglas fir was created. Most attention was paid to the introduction of species of the genus Pinus. Positive results of cultivation of Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats. in the Dendrological garden allowed us to select it for further introduction testing in experimental plantations of the region. On plantations located in the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions and the Komi Republic, 104.2 ths seedlings were grown from the seed samples, mostly from the northern natural range of this pine. Unfortunately, not all of the breeding material for the North American pine species tested was derived from natural growth sites, which puts into question some of the unsatisfactory results. Therefore, for Jack pine and Weymouth pine, it is advisable to use in testing additional samples from the most northern regions of their natural ranges in Canada. Many of these species are of both scientific and practical interest for forestry. To assess the economic value of those introduced species, adaptive capabilities of which in the conditions of the European North according to the results of studies are not in doubt, it is advisable to lay out pilot plantations in the region, similar to the already created plantings of North American lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.). The concentration of different species like balsam fir (Abies balsamea Mill.), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursch.) Poir.), American larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch.), Canadian spruce (Picea glauca Voss.), Engelmann’s spruce (Picea engelmannii Engelm.), black spruce (Picea mariana Britt.), Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.), involving several seed origins from the most northern regions of its natural range for each, in 2-3 forest areas will allow creating a valuable introduction object; scientific and practical importance of those mentioned cannot be overestimated.

Abstract Introduction : Primary care physicians are typically the first physicians who see patients with thrombocytopenia. There are currently no data to document which patients who present with isolated thrombocytopenia or immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are referred to hematologists. The published ASH Practice Guideline on ITP (Blood1996;88:3) does not address the issue of referral to a hematologist; the British Committee for Standards in Haematology Guideline on ITP (Brit J Haematol2003;120:574) only recommends referral of children with severe chronic ITP. The goal of this study was to determine the level of thrombocytopenia or the combination of thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms that prompt family physicians to send patients to hematologists for further evaluation and management. Our a priori assumption was that this level would be less than or equal to 30,000/μL, regardless of bleeding symptoms. Methods : A survey was conducted in collaboration with the Oklahoma Physicians Resource-Research Network (OKPRN). The mission of the OKPRN is to provide community physicians with access to information and research opportunities to enhance their practices and to generate new knowledge through practice-based research. OKPRN family physicians (N=127) were asked to complete a short eight-item questionnaire consisting of five patient vignettes with varying degrees of thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms. For each vignette, the physician was to decide when or if he/she would send the patient to a hematologist for further management using a four point likert scale. The response categories were ‘very unlikely’, ‘unlikely’, ‘likely’, and ‘very likely’. The response scale was dichotomized (unlikely vs likely) to graphically display results across all five patient vignettes. Results : There was a 66% (84/127) response rate. Fifty-one percent (43/84) of the responders had been practicing family medicine between 6–20 years, 37% (31/84) for more than 20 years, and 12% (10/84) had been practicing between 1–5 years. Sixty-one percent (51/84) responded that there was a hematologist that they routinely called on the phone for advice and/or sent referrals, and 81% (68/84) practiced within 50 miles of a hematologist. Figure 1 shows as a patient’s thrombocytopenia became more severe, the likelihood of referral to a hematologist increased. Seventy-five percent of the respondents surveyed were ‘likely’ to send a patient with moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count 30,000/μL) without bleeding symptoms to a hematologist. The likelihood of referral increased to 85% when the moderate thrombocytopenia was associated with mild bleeding symptoms, and over 90% when a patient presented with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 10,000/μL) and bleeding symptoms. Figure 1. Based on clinical vignettes, how likely or unlikely is a family practitioner to send a patient to a hematologist for further management? Figure 1. Based on clinical vignettes, how likely or unlikely is a family practitioner to send a patient to a hematologist for further management? Conclusion : Results from the OKPRN survey documented that patients with isolated thrombocytopenia and a platelet count of 80,000/μL would infrequently be referred to a hematologist while patients with platelet counts of ≤30,000/μL would almost always be referred, especially if there were bleeding symptoms. Results from this survey validate assumptions that ITP patients with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia are managed by hematologists, not primary care physicians. These data are important to define the scope of practice of hematology.